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### Instruction:
Does prolonged use of carbapenems and colistin predispose to ventilator-associated pneumonia by pandrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
### Response:
| Prolonged carbapenem-colistin use predisposes to VAP by pandrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. Cross-transmission may be facilitated by open suctioning. |
### Instruction:
Are arterial-wave reflections increased in heart failure patients with a left-ventricular assist device?
### Response:
| Central arterial pressure-wave reflection is increased in end-stage HF patients on LVAD support compared with those on inotropic drugs, leading to an increase in aortic augmented pressure, AI(a), and systolic tension time index. The AI(a) is also higher in LVAD patients than in healthy controls. This increased central arterial-wave reflection places an additional hemodynamic load on the LVAD device and may have relevance to the medical management of patients after LVAD placement and to the longevity of the LVAD device itself. |
### Instruction:
Does curcumin inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in ovarian carcinoma by targeting the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway?
### Response:
| Based on significant efficacy in preclinical models, curcumin-based therapies may be attractive in patients with ovarian carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Does anti-adipogenic action of pitavastatin occur through the coordinate regulation of PPARgamma and Pref-1 expression?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that pitavastatin inhibits adipocyte differentiation by blocking PPARgamma expression and activating pref-1 expression. These studies may have implications in the regulation of adipogenesis in response to statins. |
### Instruction:
Do patients use an internet technology to report when things go wrong?
### Response:
| PATIENTS will use internet technology to report their perceptions of health-related adverse events. Some of the patient-reported events reported will be serious. |
### Instruction:
Is use of combination vaccines associated with improved coverage rates?
### Response:
| Use of combination vaccines in this Medicaid population was associated with improved coverage rates. Additional studies are warranted, including those examining private sector populations and outcomes such as timeliness and cost. |
### Instruction:
Does bubR1 deficiency result in enhanced activation of MEK and ERKs upon microtubule stresses?
### Response:
| Our studies suggest that there exists a cross-talk between spindle checkpoint components and ERKs and MEK and that BubR1 may play an important role in mediating the cross-talk. |
### Instruction:
Does 4-phenylbutyrate enhance the cell surface expression and the transport capacity of wild-type and mutated bile salt export pumps?
### Response:
| 4PBA treatment with a clinically achievable concentration enhances the cell surface expression and the transport capacity of WT, E297G, and D482G BSEP in MDCK II cells, and also induces functional BSEP expression at the canalicular membrane and bile acid transport via canalicular membrane in vivo. 4PBA is a potential pharmacological agent for treating not only PFIC2 patients with E297G and D482G mutations but also other cholestatic patients, in whom the BSEP expression at the canalicular membrane is reduced. |
### Instruction:
Is reduced health-related quality of life in former North Sea divers associated with decompression sickness?
### Response:
| HRQL was reduced in this study sample of divers. Having had DCS during the diving career contributed significantly to the reduction in all SF-36 scales, and apparently neurological DCS has the most pronounced impact. Cumulative diving exposure including days in saturation and maximal depth contributed to a reduced HRQL. |
### Instruction:
Does bezafibrate induce multidrug-resistance P-Glycoprotein 3 expression in cultured human hepatocytes and humanized livers of chimeric mice?
### Response:
| BF causes an induction of MDR3 expression in human livers. This provides a rationale for the beneficial role of BF in improving cholestasis and/or cholangitis associated with defective MDR3 expression and function in various types of cholestatic hepatobiliary diseases. |
### Instruction:
Is intensive home visiting associated with decreased risk of infant death?
### Response:
| The current study is consistent with the hypothesis that intensive home visiting reduces the risk of infant death. |
### Instruction:
Do patients with metabolic syndrome exhibit higher platelet activity than those with conventional risk factors for vascular disease?
### Response:
| Patients with metabolic syndrome exhibited a higher degree of platelet activation than subjects with conventional risk factors for vascular disease. Conceptually, applying adequate antiplatelet strategies may reduce the risk of acute thrombotic events in these patients. Further prospective studies exploring this notion are encouraged. |
### Instruction:
Are fibronectin gene polymorphisms associated with the development of B-cell lymphoma in type II mixed cryoglobulinemia?
### Response:
| Genotyping for MspI and HaeIIIb FN gene polymorphisms may be clinically relevant to define the risk of lymphoma development in MCsn. |
### Instruction:
Does intestinal gas in plain abdominal radiographs correlate with symptoms after lactulose challenge?
### Response:
| Intestinal gas volume, as scored in plain abdominal radiographs, is not correlated with abdominal discomfort after lactulose challenge. Intestinal gas may not be the major cause of abdominal discomfort following carbohydrate ingestion in patients with functional gut disorders. |
### Instruction:
Does genistein cause regression of endometriotic implants in the rat model?
### Response:
| Genistein caused a statistically significant regression of endometriotic implants. |
### Instruction:
Is mullerian Inhibiting Substance an ovarian growth factor of emerging clinical significance?
### Response:
| Potential advantages of MIS compared with other conventional markers of ovarian reserve include: 1) MIS is the earliest marker to change with age; 2) it has the least intercycle variability; 3) it has the least intracycle variability; and 4) it may be informative if randomly obtained during the cycle. Widespread clinical use of MIS may await the availability of an international standard for MIS so that results using different assays may be reliably compared. |
### Instruction:
Does alcohol abuse among U.S. Navy recruit who were maltreated in childhood?
### Response:
| Substantial numbers of personnel with alcohol-related problems may be using alcohol to self-medicate due to a history of childhood abuse. Attention to the association between alcohol abuse and childhood maltreatment might help improve the efficacy of military alcohol reduction programs. |
### Instruction:
Is distinct labelling of fusion events in rat lactotrophs by FM 1-43 and FM 4-64 associated with conformational differences?
### Response:
| The observed structural characteristics of FM 1-43 molecules may account for a higher increase in quantum yield and/or binding affinity upon incorporation of the dye into the vesicle matrix and therefore stronger fluorescence emission in comparison with FM 4-64. |
### Instruction:
Is muscle fatigue resistance during stimulated contractions reduced in young male smokers?
### Response:
| In young men smoking does not significantly affect quadriceps muscle mass and contractile properties, but does reduce fatigue resistance of the quadriceps muscle, which was not attributable to differences in physical activity. |
### Instruction:
Is impact of ambient air pollution on gestational age modified by season in Sydney , Australia?
### Response:
| We found more protective than harmful associations between ambient air pollutants and preterm births with most associations non-significant. In view of these inconsistent associations, it is important to interpret the harmful effects with caution. If our results are confirmed by future studies then it will be imperative to reduce Sydney's already low air pollution levels even further. |
### Instruction:
Do neither antioxidants nor COX-2 inhibition protect against esophageal inflammation in an experimental model of severe reflux?
### Response:
| In this model of reflux injury, antioxidants and COX-2 inhibitors failed to ameliorate the severe inflammation induced. Further experimental designs should evaluate these novel approaches in less severe experimental models. |
### Instruction:
Is in vitro chemosensitivity of freshly explanted tumor cells to pemetrexed correlated with target gene expression?
### Response:
| These results form a rational basis for the design of clinical trials to evaluate the expression of these enzymes as predictors for treatment outcome. |
### Instruction:
Is colonic expression of heme oxygenase-1 associated with a better long-term survival in patients with colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that colonic HO-1 may be a prognostic marker of colorectal-cancer outcome. |
### Instruction:
Are cell-free mRNA concentrations of CRH , PLAC1 , and selectin-P increased in the plasma of pregnant women with preeclampsia?
### Response:
| CRH, PLAC1, and selectin-P are distributed differently in preeclampsia cases compared to controls and correlate with signs of preeclampsia. |
### Instruction:
Does a novel way of liver preservation improve rat liver viability upon reperfusion?
### Response:
| These results suggest that the conventional way of liver preservation is not suitable at least for rat livers and that slow cooling of HTK solution during the initial phase of cold storage can improve liver viability during reperfusion. |
### Instruction:
Is endothelial function in newborn infants related to folate levels and birth weight?
### Response:
| The data presented here provide the first evidence for a relationship between folate levels and vascular endothelial function in newborn infants. |
### Instruction:
Does cortico-limbic circuitry for conditioned nicotine-seeking behavior in rats involve endocannabinoid signaling?
### Response:
| These findings demonstrate that increased endocannabinoid transmission critically triggers conditioned nicotine-seeking behavior in key cortico-limbic regions. |
### Instruction:
Is binding of human factor H-related protein 1 to serum-resistant Borrelia burgdorferi mediated by borrelial complement regulator-acquiring surface proteins?
### Response:
| Thus, by expressing multiple surface proteins with different binding properties, the pathogen can attach a unique combination of host complement regulators to its surface. For the pathogen, this type of surface decoration and specific acquisition of different host plasma proteins allows fine-tuning of the host immune attack. |
### Instruction:
Does psoralen plus ultraviolet A increase the risk of cataracts : a 25-year prospective study?
### Response:
| Our cohort principally enrolled middle-aged or older patients so our data do not permit us to assess the effects of PUVA on the eyes of younger persons. |
### Instruction:
Are pneumoconiosis and liver cirrhosis risk factors for tuberculosis in patients with pulmonary infection?
### Response:
| Physicians should first consider non-TB bacterial infection rather than Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in pneumonia in patients with bronchiectasis, lung cancer or those receiving haemodialysis. |
### Instruction:
Is tSH concentration within the normal range associated with cognitive function and ADHD symptoms in healthy preschoolers?
### Response:
| Despite being within the normal range, high TSH concentrations are associated with a lower cognitive function and high TSH and low free T4 with ADHD symptoms in healthy preschoolers. Statistically significant differences were observed in the highest quartiles of TSH, suggesting a need for re-evaluation of the upper limit of the normal TSH range. |
### Instruction:
Is antibiotic use in children influenced by the result of rapid antigen detection test for the respiratory syncytial virus?
### Response:
| Confirmed presence of RSV by RADT did not influence antibiotic use in young children with ARTI. Except with pneumonia, the risk of bacterial superinfection of RSV infected children is minimal and confirmation of RSV infection should prompt treating physicians to interrupt antibiotics. |
### Instruction:
Does brain natriuretic peptide correlate with troponin T in patients with renal failure?
### Response:
| cTnT and BNP levels were related to each other in patients with chronic renal failure.These parameters can help to identify the patients with a high risk for cardiovascular diseases. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Minimal pair reproduction correlate with spelling ability ]?
### Response:
| These empirically ascertained data add credence to the phonological deficit theory. It appears that phonological deficits can be revealed by relatively simple tasks that concern the representation of speech sounds rather than the ability to use these sounds. This suggests that the interface between auditory/sensory and cognitive/operational processing is deficient in the children affected. |
### Instruction:
Does treprostinil potentiate the positive inotropic effect of catecholamines in adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes?
### Response:
| We conclude that the clinically used prostanoid treprostinil potentiates the positive inotropic effects of catecholamines in adult ventricular cardiomyocytes. This newly described effect may contribute to the beneficial clinical effects of prostanoids in patients with PAH. |
### Instruction:
Is predominant treatment failure in postprostatectomy patients local : analysis of patterns of treatment failure in SWOG 8794?
### Response:
| The pattern of treatment failure in high-risk patients is predominantly local with a surprisingly low incidence of metastatic failure. Adjuvant radiation to the prostate bed reduces the risk of metastatic disease and biochemical failure at all postsurgical PSA levels. Further improvement in reducing local treatment failure is likely to have the greatest impact on outcome in high-risk patients after prostatectomy. |
### Instruction:
Does prolonged bacterial exposure to minocycline/rifampicin-impregnated vascular catheters affect antimicrobial activity of catheters?
### Response:
| Minocycline/rifampicin-impregnated catheters remain effective against MSSA, MRSA, MRSE and VRE, as evidenced by stable zones of inhibition following 21 day sequential exposure to these catheters. The increase in MIC of rifampicin for MRSA may be clinically relevant if the catheter remains in place for >12 days though the strain remained susceptible to minocycline, there was no concurrent increase in the MIC of other tested drugs, and the zones of inhibition remained stable. |
### Instruction:
Do college students in Nigeria underestimate their risk of contracting HIV/AIDS infection?
### Response:
| College students exhibited an 'optimism bias' associating high rates of HIV risk indicators with low levels of perceived personal risk of infection. This has implications for HIV/AIDS control in Nigeria. |
### Instruction:
Does laughter modulate prorenin receptor gene expression in patients with type 2 diabetes?
### Response:
| The beneficial effects of laughter on preventing the exacerbation of diabetic nephropathy are strongly suggested in terms of normalizing the expression of the prorenin receptor gene followed by reducing the level of blood prorenin. |
### Instruction:
Are alexithymia and occupational burnout strongly associated in working population?
### Response:
| Even though both alexithymia and depression are associated with burnout, alexithymia may be an independent risk factor for occupational burnout. |
### Instruction:
Do emotional reactions following exposure to idealized bodies predict unhealthy body change attitudes and behaviors in women and men?
### Response:
| These results are indicative of gender differences in: (a) reactions to idealized bodies; (b) psychological traits that predispose individuals to experience these reactions; and (c) types of body change behavior that are associated with these reactions. |
### Instruction:
Does lipopolysaccharide preconditioning induce robust protection against brain injury resulting from deep hypothermic circulatory arrest?
### Response:
| This is the first evidence that lipopolysaccharide can precondition against cardiopulmonary bypass-related injury. Because lipopolysaccharide preconditioning is a systemic phenomenon offering proven protection against myocardial, hepatic, and pulmonary injury, this technique offers enormous potential for protecting against systemic neonatal injury related to cardiopulmonary bypass. |
### Instruction:
Do toll-like receptor agonists regulate beta-defensin 2 release in hair follicle?
### Response:
| Our data show that the hair follicle is equipped with TLR2, TLR4 and TLR5, and that these receptors are able to respond to microbial stimuli inducing the production of DEFB2 by epithelial cells. This immune response might be important in preserving the skin from microorganism infections. |
### Instruction:
Is antinuclear antibody associated with a more advanced fibrosis and lower RNA levels of hepatitis C virus in patients with chronic hepatitis C?
### Response:
| ANA is associated with a more advanced liver fibrosis and lower serum HCV RNA level in patients with CHC. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Overexpression of resistin affect 3T3-L1 adipocyte lipid metabolism ]?
### Response:
| Overexpression of resistin can affect 3T3-L1 adipocyte lipid metabolism and thereby result in obesity and insulin resistance, but have no effect on GLUT4 gene expression. |
### Instruction:
Do clinical and laboratory features greatly overlap in patients with macroprolactinemia or monomeric hyperprolactinemia?
### Response:
| Our data show that symptoms related to PRL excess are frequently found in subjects with macroprolactinemia. Moreover, no clinical or laboratory features could reliably differentiate macroprolactinemic patients from those with monomeric hyperprolactinemia. Therefore, the screening for macroprolactin should not be restricted to asymptomatic patients. |
### Instruction:
Are uterine leiomyosarcomas characterized by high p16 , p53 and MIB1 expression in comparison with usual leiomyomas , leiomyoma variants and smooth muscle tumours of uncertain malignant potential?
### Response:
| p16 is overexpressed in uterine leiomyosarcomas compared with leiomyomas, benign leiomyoma variants and STUMPs, suggesting that p16 may be implicated in the pathogenesis of malignant uterine smooth muscle neoplasms. p16, in combination with p53 and MIB1, may be of value as an adjunct to morphological examination in the assessment of problematic uterine smooth muscle tumours, although further large-scale studies with follow-up are necessary to confirm this. |
### Instruction:
Do effect of a targeted obstructive sleep apnea consult to improve access and quality at a sleep disorders center?
### Response:
| A protocol-driven evaluation pathway for OSA that used screening with oximetry and less sleep-specialist time shortened access and produced similar diagnoses, improvements in sleepiness and quality of life, and overall satisfaction. |
### Instruction:
Does activation of the ERK signalling pathway contribute to the adaptive changes in rat hearts during naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal?
### Response:
| These results indicate that signalling through the ERKs is necessary for morphine withdrawal-induced hyperactivity of the heart and suggest that this pathway may also be involved in activation of immediate-early genes in both cytosolic and nuclear effector mechanisms that have the potential to bring about long-term changes in the heart. |
### Instruction:
Does recommendations for promoting the engagement of older people in activities to prevent fall?
### Response:
| These recommendations represent a consensus based on current knowledge and evidence, but the evidence base from which these recommendations were developed was limited, and not always specific to prevention of falls. To increase the effectiveness of falls-prevention interventions, further research is needed to identify the features of falls-prevention programmes that will encourage older people's engagement in them. |
### Instruction:
Does ghrelin affect the release of luteolytic and luteotropic factors in human luteal cells?
### Response:
| The present in vitro study provides the first evidence of a direct inhibitory influence of ghrelin on human luteal function. |
### Instruction:
Are bronchoalveolar lavage cellular profiles in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease predictive of disease progression?
### Response:
| BAL findings provide only limited prognostic information in SSc-ILD. Neutrophilia on BAL is linked to early mortality, but BAL findings are not linked to long-term survival or the rapidity of progression of lung disease. The usefulness of BAL to define alveolitis in SSc is questionable. |
### Instruction:
Are inflammatory rheumatic disease and smoking predictors of aortic inflammation : a controlled study of biopsy specimens obtained at coronary artery surgery?
### Response:
| Among aortic samples collected during CABG surgery, those obtained from patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease had more pronounced chronic inflammatory infiltration in the media and inner adventitia than those obtained from control patients. Current smoking was an independent predictor of chronic inner adventitial infiltrates. The infiltrates may represent an inflammatory process that promotes atherosclerosis and formation of aneurysms. |
### Instruction:
Does gastric/intestinal electrical stimulation modulate appetite regulatory peptide hormones in the stomach and duodenum in rats?
### Response:
| GIES significantly impacts appetite-related peptide hormones in gastric and duodenal tissues. Acute GIES-induced manipulation of gut peptide hormones related to appetite and satiety is a nonpharmacologic, well-tolerated clinical procedure that could substantially contribute to the successful treatment and long-term management of obesity. |
### Instruction:
Does the adenosine A1 receptor antagonist SLV320 reduce myocardial fibrosis in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy without affecting blood pressure?
### Response:
| SLV320 suppresses cardiac fibrosis and attenuates albuminuria without affecting blood pressure in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy, indicating that selective A(1) receptor antagonists may be beneficial in uraemic cardiomyopathy. |
### Instruction:
Does the second extracellular loop of alpha2A-adrenoceptors contribute to the binding of yohimbine analogues?
### Response:
| Positions 5.43, xl2.49 and xl2.51 are major determinants of the species preference for yohimbine and rauwolscine of the human versus mouse alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors. Residues at positions xl2.49 and xl2.51 determine the binding preference of RS-79948-197 for the human alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor. Thus, XL2 is involved in determining the species preferences of alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors of human and mouse for some antagonists. |
### Instruction:
Is a 17beta-derivative of allopregnanolone a neurosteroid antagonist at a cerebellar subpopulation of GABA A receptors with nanomolar affinity?
### Response:
| HBAO is a selective antagonist of allopregnanolone, a major endogenous positive modulator via neurosteroid sites of cerebellar (probably alpha(6)beta(2-3)delta) GABA(A) receptors. |
### Instruction:
Does control of periodontal infection reduce the severity of active rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| Control of periodontal infection and gingival inflammation by scaling/root planing and plaque control in subjects with periodontal disease may reduce the severity of RA. This notion is supported by reported subjective improvement in treated patients. |
### Instruction:
Are serum LDL levels a major prognostic factor for arteriovenous fistula thrombosis ( AVFT ) in hemodialysis patients?
### Response:
| LDL value is a major prognostic factor for AVFT in HD patients and lowering it to <130 mg/dl could improve fistula patency. |
### Instruction:
Does tissue-type plasminogen activator deficiency exacerbate cholestatic liver injury in mice?
### Response:
| tPA inactivation accelerates liver injury after BDL and reduces HGF activation. These data suggest that strategies to increase HGF activation might be protective in liver diseases with biliary tract obstruction even without increased HGF production. |
### Instruction:
Does mutation of alpha1G T-type calcium channels in mice change anesthetic requirements for loss of the righting reflex and minimum alveolar concentration but delays the onset of anesthetic induction?
### Response:
| The 50% effective concentration for loss of righting reflex and MAC values for the volatile anesthetics were not altered after alpha1G calcium channel knockout, indicating that normal functioning of alpha1G calcium channels is not required for the maintenance of anesthetic hypnosis and immobility. However, the timely induction of anesthesia/hypnosis by volatile anesthetic agents and some intravenous anesthetic agents may require the normal functioning of these channel subunits. |
### Instruction:
Is hyperglycemia in patients with acute myeloid leukemia associated with increased hospital mortality?
### Response:
| This study demonstrated an association between hospital mortality and even modest levels of hyperglycemia in AML patients. Prospective studies are needed to confirm this association and to discern causal pathways that mediate this effect. |
### Instruction:
Does a receptor-like kinase mediate the response of Arabidopsis cells to the inhibition of cellulose synthesis?
### Response:
| The results show that THE1 mediates the response of growing plant cells to the perturbation of cellulose synthesis and may act as a cell-wall-integrity sensor. |
### Instruction:
Does the topography of aortic atherosclerosis enhance its precision as a predictor of stroke?
### Response:
| Atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta stands out as a predictor of late stroke. High risk is predominantly linked to atheromas in its distal part and lesser curvature. |
### Instruction:
Is higher incidence of persistent chronic infection of Chlamydia pneumoniae among coronary artery disease patients in India a cause of concern?
### Response:
| The results indicate synergistic association of C. pneumoniae infection and development of CAD with other risk factors. We also detected increased positivity for C. pneumoniae IgA than IgG in nPCR positive CAD patients. Positive nPCR findings in conjunction with persisting high C. pneumoniae specific antibody strongly suggest an ongoing infection. |
### Instruction:
Is interaction between cancer cells and stromal fibroblasts required for activation of the uPAR-uPA-MMP-2 cascade in pancreatic cancer metastasis?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that SF plays a role in promoting pancreatic cancer metastasis via activation of the uPA-plasminogen-MMP-2 cascade. |
### Instruction:
Is short-term sensitization of colon mechanoreceptors associated with long-term hypersensitivity to colon distention in the mouse?
### Response:
| Zymosan produced sensitization of colon mechanoreceptors acutely in vitro and chronic (>or=7 weeks) behavioral hypersensitivity in the absence of inflammation. The behavioral hypersensitivity was partially dependent on both TRPV1 and ASIC3 because deletions of either of these genes blunted zymosan's effect, suggesting that these proteins may be important peripheral mediators for development of functional (ie, noninflammatory) visceral hypersensitivity. |
### Instruction:
Is the dysbindin gene ( DTNBP1 ) associated with methamphetamine psychosis?
### Response:
| Our genetic evidence suggests that DTNBP1 is involved in psychotic liability not only for schizophrenia but also for other psychotic disorders, including substance-induced psychosis. |
### Instruction:
Is increased formation of 8-iso-prostaglandin F ( 2alpha ) associated with altered bone metabolism and lower bone mass in hypercholesterolaemic subjects?
### Response:
| We found an association between increased serum 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) levels and lower bone mass and reduced serum BAP and OC concentrations in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. These results would suggest a possible role for oxidative stress in the development of lower bone mass in hypercholesterolaemia. |
### Instruction:
Does hyperammonemia act synergistically with lipopolysaccharide in inducing changes in cerebral hemodynamics in rats anaesthetised with pentobarbital?
### Response:
| In rats anaesthetised with pentobarbital NH(3) infusion aggravates a LPS induced rise in ICP and induces an increase in CBF less clearly seen with LPS alone. This effect is prevented by the non-specific Na(+)/H(+) inhibitor amiloride, but not by MIA, a specific inhibitor of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. Thus, the synergistic effect of NH(3) and LPS seems mediated by other amiloride-sensitive-ion-pathways in the BBB than the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. |
### Instruction:
Does pioglitazone have anti-inflammatory effects in patients with Type 2 diabetes?
### Response:
| Inflammatory factors and markers of hyperglycemia are associated in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Pioglitazone treatment results in reduced A1GP concentration suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect. |
### Instruction:
Does hIV impair opsonic phagocytic clearance of pregnancy-associated malaria parasites?
### Response:
| Opsonic phagocytosis may represent a novel correlate of protection against PAM. HIV infection may increase the susceptibility of multigravid women to PAM by impairing this clearance mechanism. |
### Instruction:
Does fcgammaRIIa mediate C-reactive protein-induced inflammatory responses of human vascular smooth muscle cells by activating NADPH oxidase 4?
### Response:
| CRP-induced ROS generation by VSMCs, which requires functional activation of FcgammaRIIa and NADPH oxidase 4, orchestrates pro-inflammatory activities of VSMCs and may eventually promote atherogenesis and plaque rupture. |
### Instruction:
Do glycine receptors contribute to cytoprotection of glycine in myocardial cells?
### Response:
| The results suggest that glycine receptor is expressed in cardiomyocytes and participates in cytoprotection from LPS and hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Glycine could directly activate GlyR on the cardiomyocytes and prevent calcium influx into the cardiomyocytes. |
### Instruction:
Does overexpression of cyclin L2 induce apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in human lung cancer cells?
### Response:
| The results indicate that overexpression of cyclin L2 protein may promote efficient growth inhibition of human lung adenocarcinoma cells by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Are tLR2 Arg753Gly , TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile gene polymorphisms associated with chronic periodontitis in a Turkish population?
### Response:
| These results showed that the TLR2 and TLR4 gene polymorphisms studied are not associated with susceptibility to CP in Turkish patients. |
### Instruction:
Does transcript-level annotation of Affymetrix probesets improve the interpretation of gene expression data?
### Response:
| By refining the standard Affymetrix annotation of microarray probesets from the gene level to the transcript level and protein level, one can achieve a more reliable interpretation of their experimental data, which may lead to discovery of more profound regulatory mechanism. |
### Instruction:
Does the adenosine 2A receptor agonist ATL-146e attenuate experimental posthemorrhagic vasospasm?
### Response:
| Selective activation of the adenosine 2A receptor with ATL-146e prevented posthemorrhagic vasospasm and reduced leukocyte infiltration in this experimental model. This agent is worthy of further investigation and lends credence to the hypothesis supporting a role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. |
### Instruction:
Do size-fractionated heparins have differential effects on human neutrophil function in vitro?
### Response:
| These data suggest that an optimum chain length of heparin possibly exists for certain non-anticoagulant actions of heparin, which may prove to be useful in the design of novel drugs with specific anti-inflammatory actions. |
### Instruction:
Does prevalence and correlate of partner violence among South African adolescents?
### Response:
| There are high levels of partner violence among high school students in Cape Town. Interventions to address this problem should focus on violence-related attitudes and outcome expectancy. |
### Instruction:
Does metabolic syndrome increase the risk of ischemic stroke in women?
### Response:
| Metabolic syndrome is more likely to influence a risk for ischemic stroke in women than in men. |
### Instruction:
Does epidermal growth factor receptor variant III status define clinically distinct subtypes of glioblastoma?
### Response:
| Established prognostic factors in GBM were not predictive of outcome in the EGFRvIII-positive subset, although this requires confirmation in independent data sets. GBMs negative for both EGFRvIII and YKL-40 show less aggressive behavior. |
### Instruction:
Is in vivo reverse cholesterol transport from macrophages lacking ABCA1 expression impaired?
### Response:
| ABCA1 expression in macrophages contributes significantly to in vivo macrophage RCT. The important residual RCT observed from abca1-/- macrophages highlight the functionality of transporters that efflux to HDL. |
### Instruction:
Does nox1 mediate basic fibroblast growth factor-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells?
### Response:
| These data demonstrate that bFGF activates the Nox1-containing NADPH oxidase and that bFGF through a pathway involving ROS and JNK stimulates SMC migration. |
### Instruction:
Does intraluminal acid induce oesophageal shortening via capsaicin-sensitive neurokinin neurons?
### Response:
| This study suggests that luminal acid activates a reflex pathway involving mast cell degranulation, activation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons and the release of substance P or a related neurokinin, which evokes sustained contraction of the oesophageal LSM. This pathway may be a target for treatment of oesophageal pain syndromes. |
### Instruction:
Does the increasing use of intravesical therapies for stage T1 bladder cancer coincide with decreasing survival after cystectomy?
### Response:
| In the past 15 years, our experience indicates that patients having RC for T1 high-grade TCC after 1998 were more likely to receive IVT. These same patients had a worsening disease-free survival. In very few other cancers has disease-free survival decreased over time. We postulate that the decrease in survival might be related to an increased use of IVT. |
### Instruction:
Is the clinical efficacy of tolterodine extended-release maintained for 24 h in patients with overactive bladder?
### Response:
| These results indicate that tolterodine-ER maintained clinical efficacy over 24 h and should be effective for OAB symptoms without regard to whether symptoms occur during the day or at night. |
### Instruction:
Do new predictive equations improve monitoring of kidney function in patients with diabetes?
### Response:
| The new predictive equations better estimate GFR than the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Although the MDRD equation remains the most accurate, it poorly predicts GFR decline, as it overestimates low and underestimates high GFRs. This bias is lesser with the MCQ and Cys-eGFR equations, so they better predict GFR changes. |
### Instruction:
Do sympathetic and renin-angiotensin systems contribute to increased blood pressure in sucrose-fed rats?
### Response:
| These findings suggest a specific renal renin-angiotensin-sympathetic activation as a potential mechanism for the cardiovascular changes in response to chronic sucrose feeding. |
### Instruction:
Does polymorphism modulate symptomatic response to antiarrhythmic drug therapy in patients with lone atrial fibrillation?
### Response:
| These results provide further evidence for a role of RAAS activation in the pathophysiology of AF and point to a potential role for stratification of therapeutic approaches by ACE genotype. |
### Instruction:
Does nMDA channel antagonist MK-801 protect against bilirubin neurotoxicity?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that bilirubin neurotoxicity is not mediated through NMDA receptor activation. |
### Instruction:
Does prevalence and correlate of periodic limb movements in older women?
### Response:
| Periodic leg movements are very common in older community-dwelling women. PLMS which were associated with EEG arousals had a strong and consistent association with markers of disturbed sleep. PLMS associated with arousals thus appear to be more clinically relevant and should be considered when examining health outcomes associated with PLMS. |
### Instruction:
Is whole-grain consumption associated with a reduced risk of noncardiovascular , noncancer death attributed to inflammatory diseases in the Iowa Women 's Health Study?
### Response:
| The reduction in inflammatory mortality associated with habitual whole-grain intake was larger than that previously reported for coronary heart disease and diabetes. Because a variety of phytochemicals are found in whole grains that may directly or indirectly inhibit oxidative stress, and because oxidative stress is an inevitable consequence of inflammation, we suggest that oxidative stress reduction by constituents of whole grain is a likely mechanism for the protective effect. |
### Instruction:
Does long-term treatment with methotrexate or tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors increase epstein-barr virus load in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| Long-term usage of methotrexate or TNFalpha inhibitors in patients with RA does not significantly influence EBV load in PBMCs. |
### Instruction:
Does adult obesity predict 6-year weight gain in men : the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study?
### Response:
| Although a history of obesity was associated with higher weight, it did not seem to result in accelerated weight gain over time. Additionally, dieting and fitness were important for minimizing weight gain. |
### Instruction:
Does tubal transport of spermatozoa appear to be dependent on normal cilia function?
### Response:
| Transport of spermatozoa is not dependent on normal ciliary function. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Effect of different dental polishing methods on cobalt-chromium cast surface roughness and accuracy ]?
### Response:
| Bases polished by grinding + centrifugal barrel had the smoothest surface. There is no influence of centrifugal barrel polishing on dimensional accuracy of cast upper base. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Analysis of the peer reviewed papers published in Shanghai Journal of Stomatology between 2001 and 2005 ]?
### Response:
| Shanghai Journal of Stomatology is one of the most important information sources on stomatology. |
### Instruction:
Does activation of PPARdelta inhibit cardiac fibroblast proliferation and the transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts?
### Response:
| Cardiac fibroblast proliferation, fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation and collagen synthesis were reduced after activation of PPARdelta, suggesting that PPARdelta represents an attractive molecular target for attenuating cardiac fibrosis. |
### Instruction:
Does long-term administration of citalopram reduce basal and stress-induced extracellular noradrenaline levels in rat brain?
### Response:
| The present results indicate that chronic administration of citalopram strongly decreases the extracellular levels of noradrenaline in the brain. The anti-panic effect of citalopram might be due to sensitization of the alpha2-adrenoceptors leading to suppression of the stress response through noradrenergic activity. This mechanism is specific for the BLA. |
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