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### Instruction:
Do migrant farmworker mothers talk about the meaning of food?
### Response:
| Pediatric nurses should remember that before they dispense nutritional anticipatory guidance, situational and cultural assessments are needed. Because vulnerable populations such as migrant farmworkers have limited resources to follow nurses' teachings, nurses need to become knowledgeable about what is available in the community to support these families. In addition, facility appointment times may need to be expanded to accommodate their long work hours, and modes of transportation need to be evaluated. Recommendations for anticipatory guidance, prescriptions, treatments, and over-the-counter items need to consider cost and ease in purchase, and cultural acceptability. |
### Instruction:
Do comparative analysis of anchorage systems for micro implant orthodontics?
### Response:
| The most widely used material was TiAl6V4; most of the surfaces were smooth; the most commonly used head type was the bracket; the most often produced length was the "short" one (8.0-9.9 mm), the most demanded diameter the "smaller" one (1.2-1.4 mms); six systems out of eleven had micro implants with "extra" and "standard" necks; only 3 systems out of eleven produced "non self drilling"devices; all the micro implants analysed were able to withstand orthodontic forces between 150 g and 350 g; all devices were suitable for "immediate loading"; all micro implants had to be removed; all micro implants could be used in growing patients. |
### Instruction:
Does isometric strength assessment , part I : static testing accurately predict dynamic lifting capacity?
### Response:
| The Static Leg Lift, Static Arm Lift and Static Back (Torso) Lift are not appropriate for making predictions relative to dynamic lifting capacity. Given the likely degree of error in such predictions, and in light of potential safety concerns as reported by previous investigators, employers, clinicians and risk managers now have substantial objective evidence to call such testing into question. |
### Instruction:
Are combined bicarbonate conductance-impairing variants in CFTR and SPINK1 variants associated with chronic pancreatitis in patients without cystic fibrosis?
### Response:
| The CFTR variant p.R75Q causes a selective defect in bicarbonate conductance and increases risk of pancreatitis. Coinheritance of p.R75Q or CF causing CFTR variants with SPINK1 variants significantly increases the risk of ICP. |
### Instruction:
Do brain region-selective mechanisms contribute to the progression of cerebral alterations in acute liver failure in rats?
### Response:
| Different mechanisms in specific regions of the brain contribute, with different temporal patterns, to the progression of cerebral alterations and IP in ALF. |
### Instruction:
Does phospholipase D promote Arcanobacterium haemolyticum adhesion via lipid raft remodeling and host cell death following bacterial invasion?
### Response:
| These data indicate that PLD enhances bacterial adhesion and promotes host cell necrosis following invasion, and therefore, may be important in the disease pathogenesis of A. haemolyticum infections. |
### Instruction:
Is regulation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell involved in high-altitude erythrocytosis?
### Response:
| The present study suggests a new EPO-independent HSC mechanism of high-altitude erythrocytosis. |
### Instruction:
Does mesalamine-induced B7-H1 expression on hepatic stellate cells attenuate autoimmune liver injury?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that mesalamine enhances B7-H1 expression on HSCs, and thus, induces T-cell apoptosis and attenuates autoimmune liver injury. |
### Instruction:
Do pharmacokinetic study of the oral administration of procaterol hydrochloride hydrate 50 µg in healthy adult Japanese men?
### Response:
| This study describes the pharmacokinetic profiles of procaterol and its metabolites following the oral administration of procaterol hydrochloride hydrate 50 µg. Procaterol and its glucuronides were found at high levels in the plasma and urine. |
### Instruction:
Does timing of protein ingestion relative to resistance exercise training influence body composition , energy expenditure , glycaemic control or cardiometabolic risk factors in a hypocaloric , high protein diet in patients with type 2 diabetes?
### Response:
| A HP, energy-restricted diet with RT was effective in improving glycaemic control, body composition, strength and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese patients with T2DM irrespective of altering the timing of protein ingestion relative to RT. |
### Instruction:
Are genetic variants of the insulin receptor substrate-1 influencing the therapeutic efficacy of oral antidiabetics?
### Response:
| Thus, we were able to replicate the earlier findings of an association between the IRS-1 Arg(972) variant and secondary failure to sulphonylurea drugs, and further observed a general association between HbA1c and this polymorphism in type 2 diabetes patients treated with insulinotropic hypoglycaemic drugs but not with metformin. |
### Instruction:
Does central and peripheral administration of human relaxin-2 to adult male rats inhibit food intake?
### Response:
| Central and peripheral administration of H2 reduces the food intake in rats. This effect may be mediated via the PVN and/or other brain regions. |
### Instruction:
Are levels of oxidized LDL and advanced glycation end products-modified LDL in circulating immune complexes strongly associated with increased levels of carotid intima-media thickness and its progression in type 1 diabetes?
### Response:
| OxLDL and AGE-LDL in circulating IC were significantly associated with progression and increased levels of carotid IMT in type 1 diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Is iQGAP1 involved in post-ischemic neovascularization by regulating angiogenesis and macrophage infiltration?
### Response:
| IQGAP1 plays a key role in post-ischemic neovascularization by regulating, not only, ECs-mediated angiogenesis but also macrophage infiltration as well as ROS production. Thus, IQGAP1 is a potential therapeutic target for inflammation- and angiogenesis-dependent ischemic cardiovascular diseases. |
### Instruction:
Are episodic and chronic migraineurs hypersensitive to thermal stimuli between migraine attacks?
### Response:
| Interictal sensitisation may predispose the migraineur to development of headaches, may be a marker of migraine activity, and a target for treatment. |
### Instruction:
Do iDH1 or IDH2 mutations predict longer survival and response to temozolomide in low-grade gliomas?
### Response:
| IDH mutation appears to be a significant marker of positive prognosis and chemosensitivity in low-grade gliomas, independently of 1p-19q codeletion, whereas its impact on the course of untreated tumors seems to be limited. |
### Instruction:
Does a simplified table improve the recognition of paediatric hypertension?
### Response:
| Use of a simplified BP table can lead to significantly improved recognition of elevated BP in children. |
### Instruction:
Does a rotational scarf osteotomy decrease troughing when treating hallux valgus?
### Response:
| The modified rotational scarf osteotomy has a low complication rate (9%) and apparently reduces the risk of troughing. This procedure can reduce a high degree of IM angle deformity while restoring function to the forefoot. |
### Instruction:
Does data-driven identification of co-morbidities associated with rheumatoid arthritis in a large US health plan claim database?
### Response:
| Data on a large number (> 60,000) of patients with a diagnosis of RA were used to analyze and to list a large number (> 2,000) of co-morbidities. Rank-ordering of RRs of diagnostic codes is a tool to identify quickly many conditions associated with RA. |
### Instruction:
Is slowing of axonal regeneration correlated with increased axonal viscosity during aging?
### Response:
| Taken together, our results suggest decreasing axonal stiffness may be part of an effective strategy to accelerate the regeneration of axons in the adult peripheral nervous system. |
### Instruction:
Does aDAM17 deletion in thymic epithelial cells alter aire expression without affecting T cell developmental progression?
### Response:
| In contrast to expectation, our data clearly shows that absence of Adam17 in TECs is dispensable for normal T cell development. Differentiation of TECs is also unaffected by loss of Adam17 based on phenotypic markers. Surprisingly, we have uncovered a novel genetic link between Adam17and Aire expression in vivo. The cell type in which ADAM17 mediates its non-cell autonomous impact and the mechanisms by which it regulates intrathymic T cell development remain to be identified. |
### Instruction:
Is co-operative signalling through DP ( 1 ) and DP ( 2 ) prostanoid receptors required to enhance leukotriene C ( 4 ) synthesis induced by prostaglandin D ( 2 ) in eosinophils?
### Response:
| Based on pivotal roles of cysLTs in allergic inflammatory pathogenesis and the collaborative interaction between PGD(2) receptors described here, our data suggest that both DP(1) and DP(2) receptor antagonists might be attractive candidates for anti-allergic therapies. |
### Instruction:
Is peach-induced contact urticaria associated with lipid transfer protein sensitization?
### Response:
| Although the peach contact test was not performed in all subjects, and peach allergy was not confirmed by oral challenges, this study shows that peach-induced contact urticaria is associated with sensitization to peach LTP. The negative clinical history and contact test with nectarine along with the well-known high concentration of LTP in peach fuzz suggest that peach fuzz plays a role in the pathogenesis of contact urticaria. |
### Instruction:
Is the Caenorhabditis elegans CDT-2 ubiquitin ligase required for attenuation of EGFR signalling in vulva precursor cells?
### Response:
| In this study, we have shown that CDT-2 and CUL-4, members of the CUL-4/DDB-1/CDT-2 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex attenuate LET-23 signalling in vulval precursor cells. In future, it will be interesting to investigate the potential link to endocytosis and to determine whether other signalling pathways dependent on endocytosis, e.g. LIN-12 (Notch) could be regulated by this ubiquitin ligase complex. This work has uncovered a novel function for the CUL-4/DDB-1/CDT-2 E3 ligase that may be relevant for its mammalian oncogenic activity. |
### Instruction:
Does genital ulceration increase HIV-1 shedding in cervical or vaginal secretions of women taking antiretroviral therapy?
### Response:
| GUD did not significantly increase cervical or vaginal HIV-1 shedding. The results suggest that ART maintains its effectiveness for genital HIV-1 suppression despite GUD episodes. |
### Instruction:
Is insulin sensitivity reflected by characteristic metabolic fingerprints -- a Fourier transform mass spectrometric non-targeted metabolomics approach?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that altered metabolite patterns that reflect changes in insulin sensitivity respectively the ISI(Matsuda) are dominated by lipid-related pathways. Furthermore, a metabolic transition state reflected by heterogeneous metabolite fingerprints may precede severe alterations of metabolism. Our findings offer future prospects for novel insights in the pathogenesis of the pre-diabetic phase. |
### Instruction:
Is primary biliary cirrhosis associated with oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction but not increased cardiovascular risk?
### Response:
| PBC patients appear to have reduced vascular risk as assessed by pulse wave velocity but concurrently have evidence of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and anti-oxidant deficiency. |
### Instruction:
Are nutritional markers , not markers of bone turnover , related predictors of bone mineral density in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients?
### Response:
| nutritional markers, not markers of bone turnover, are correlated predictors of BMD in CPD patients. |
### Instruction:
Is toll-like receptor 4 immunohistochemical expression enhanced in macrophages of symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaques?
### Response:
| Symptomatic carotid artery plaques are characterized by increased expression of TLR4 in macrophages supporting a potential role for TLR4 in the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of cerebrovascular disease. Further investigation is warranted. |
### Instruction:
Is silencing mediated by the Schizosaccharomyces pombe HIRA complex dependent upon the Hpc2-like protein , Hip4?
### Response:
| Overall, these results indicate that Hip4 is an integral component of the HIRA complex that is required for transcriptional silencing at multiple loci. |
### Instruction:
Does climate change alter seedling emergence and establishment in an old-field ecosystem?
### Response:
| The observed impacts, coupled with variations in the timing of seed arrival, are demonstrated as predictors of seedling emergence and establishment in ecosystems under global change. |
### Instruction:
Does smoking reduce surfactant protein D and phospholipids in patients with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
### Response:
| These data suggest that smokers, and especially current smokers, exhibit significantly reduced BAL SP-D and phospholipids compared to nonsmokers. Our findings may help better explain the mechanism that leads to the rapid progression of disease and increased incidence of infection in smokers. |
### Instruction:
Do heterologous ferredoxin reductase and flavodoxin protect Cos-7 cells from oxidative stress?
### Response:
| The results presented are a first report of antioxidant function of these heterologous enzymes of vegetal and cyanobacterial origin in mammalian cells. |
### Instruction:
Is inactivation of the APC gene constant in adrenocortical tumors from patients with familial adenomatous polyposis but not frequent in sporadic adrenocortical cancers?
### Response:
| ACT should be considered a FAP tumor. Biallelic APC inactivation mediates activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the ACTs of patients with FAP. In contrast, APC and WTX genetic alterations do not play a significant role in sporadic ACC. |
### Instruction:
Is a dysregulation in CES1 , APOE and other lipid metabolism-related genes associated to cardiovascular risk factors linked to obesity?
### Response:
| Different expression patterns in transcripts encoding for proteins involved in lipolysis and lipoprotein metabolism were found between lean and obese subjects. Moreover, the dysregulation of genes such as CES1 and APOE seems to be associated with some physiopathological markers of insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in obesity. |
### Instruction:
Do prevalence of psychoactive substances use in a Lithuanian women 's prison revisited after 5 years?
### Response:
| Psychoactive substances are often used due to their psychological effect. inmates constitute a high-risk group of drug users and distributors of narcotic drugs. Intravenous narcotics stimulating dangerous behavior prevail in Lithuanian prisons. Women in prison are especially prone to smoking. |
### Instruction:
Is minimal hepatic encephalopathy associated with falls?
### Response:
| Falls are more frequent in cirrhotic patients with MHE, particularly in those on treatment with psychoactive drugs, and are a significant cause for healthcare and hospitalization requirements. |
### Instruction:
Does microRNA-21 induce resistance to the anti-tumour effect of interferon-α/5-fluorouracil in hepatocellular carcinoma cells?
### Response:
| The miR-21 in HCC cell lines and clinical HCC samples is a significant modulator of the anti-tumour effect of IFN-α and 5-FU. This suggests that miR-21 is a potentially suitable marker for the prediction of the clinical response to the IFN-α/5-FU combination therapy. |
### Instruction:
Is the expression of EMP1 downregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma and possibly associated with tumour metastasis?
### Response:
| The results suggest that EMP1 may be a tumour suppressor and associated with lymph node metastasis in OSCC. |
### Instruction:
Does formal medicine reconciliation within the emergency department reduce the medication error rates for emergency admissions?
### Response:
| Streamlining the admission process for unscheduled patients leads to improvement in care, decreases prescribing errors and reduces either potential or actual harm. Moving pharmacists' work to the ED better aligns their input to the patient journey and utilises their knowledge and skills to the patient's benefit. |
### Instruction:
Is different persistence on initial basal supported oral therapy in Type 2 diabetics associated with unequal distributions of insulin treatment regimens under real-life conditions in Germany?
### Response:
| The simulation indicates that the persistence on the initial basal supported oral therapy is associated with the resulting BOT : ICT ratio. Therefore, the unequal distribution between BOT and ICT of Type 2 diabetics treated with either insulin glargine or NPH insulin might be caused by different persistence on the initial BOT regimen. |
### Instruction:
Are stroke history and Chagas disease independent predictors of silent cerebral microembolism in patients with congestive heart failure?
### Response:
| Chagas disease and stroke history are risk factors for MES independent of cardiac disease severity. Other mechanisms besides structural cardiac disease may be operative, increasing embolic risk in Chagas disease. |
### Instruction:
Does alginate macroencapsulation of pig islets allow correction of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in primates up to 6 months without immunosuppression?
### Response:
| Pig islets encapsulated in a subcutaneous macrodevice can control diabetes up to 6 months without immunosuppression. |
### Instruction:
Does the population genetics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from different patient populations exhibit high-level host specificity?
### Response:
| The population structure of P. aeruginosa isolates is highly diverse and population specific without evidence for a core lineage in which major CF, hospital or community clones co-cluster. The two genotypes highly prevalent among Dutch CF patients appeared unique to CF patients, suggesting specific adaptation of these clones to the CF lung. |
### Instruction:
Do chromosomal rearrangements formed by rrn recombination improve replichore balance in host-specific Salmonella enterica serovars?
### Response:
| The results did not support the hypothesis that replichore imbalance causes these rearrangements, and suggest that the rearrangements could be explained by aspects of a host-specific lifestyle. |
### Instruction:
Is presumptive treatment for malaria justified in children receiving cancer chemotherapy?
### Response:
| Malaria was not found to be a causative agent for FN in children with various malignant disorders, in a region with low endemicity for malaria. Presumptive administration of antimalarials in children with FN is unjustified. Pediatric oncologists constantly face the challenge of managing febrile illnesses in immunocompromised patients. Those practicing in malaria endemic regions can effectively exploit diagnostic tools for malaria for a rational decision. |
### Instruction:
Does high-fat feeding influence the endocrine responses of pubertal rats to an acute stress?
### Response:
| These data show that consumption of high-fat foods during preadolescence can modify the endocrine responses to an acute stress by affecting both stress and metabolic mediators in a sexually dimorphic manner. |
### Instruction:
Are proteins involved in platelet signaling differentially regulated in acute coronary syndrome : a proteomic study?
### Response:
| The present study provides novel information on platelet proteome changes associated with platelet activation in NSTE-ACS, highlighting the presence of proteins involved in platelet signaling. This investigation paves the way for future studies in the search for novel platelet-related biomarkers and drug targets in ACS. |
### Instruction:
Are the time of day and the interval since previous meal associated with plasma zinc concentrations and affect estimated risk of zinc deficiency in young children in Peru and Ecuador?
### Response:
| The time of day and the interval since the preceding meal should be recorded when measuring plasma zinc concentration and incorporated into the statistical analysis and interpretation when assessing population zinc status. |
### Instruction:
Is night-time bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone higher compared to controlled-release levodopa/carbidopa?
### Response:
| The results of this study demonstrate that a single bedtime dose of LCE 200 provides higher bioavailability of levodopa compared to CR-LC 200. |
### Instruction:
Does vHL genetic alteration in CCRCC determine de-regulation of HIF , CAIX , hnRNP A2/B1 and osteopontin?
### Response:
| As expression of these proposed pVHL targets can be achieved independently of VHL mutation (and possibly by hypoxia alone), these data suggests that other pVHL targets may be more crucial in renal carcinogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does gene therapy in a humanized mouse model of familial hypercholesterolemia lead to marked regression of atherosclerosis?
### Response:
| Collectively, the results presented herein suggest that AAV8-based gene therapy for FH may be feasible and support further development of this approach. The pre-clinical data from these studies will enable for the effective translation of gene therapy into the clinic for treatment of FH. |
### Instruction:
Is a functional polymorphism in renalase ( Glu37Asp ) associated with cardiac hypertrophy , dysfunction , and ischemia : data from the heart and soul study?
### Response:
| A functional missense polymorphism in renalase (Glu37Asp) is associated with cardiac hypertrophy, ventricular dysfunction, poor exercise capacity, and inducible ischemia in persons with stable coronary artery disease. Further studies investigating the therapeutic implications of this polymorphism should be considered. |
### Instruction:
Do eXtraembryonic ENdoderm ( XEN ) stem cells produce factors that activate heart formation?
### Response:
| These studies represent the first step in the use of XEN cells as a molecular genetic tool to study cardiomyocyte differentiation. Not only are XEN cells functionally similar to the heart-inducing AVE, but also can be used for the genetic dissection of the cardiogenic potential of AVE, since they can be isolated from both wild type and mutant blastocysts. These studies further demonstrate the importance of both contact-dependent and contact-independent factors in cardiogenesis and identify potential heart-inducing proteins in the endoderm. |
### Instruction:
Is glasgow Prognostic Score a predictor of perioperative and long-term outcome in patients with only surgically treated esophageal cancer?
### Response:
| GPS represents a strong prognosticator of perioperative morbidity and long-term outcome in resected EC patients without neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment. |
### Instruction:
Does antioxidant supplementation improve platelet membrane fluidity in idiopathic retinal periphlebitis ( Eales ' disease )?
### Response:
| Antioxidant supplementation leads to significant decrease in oxidative stress and a significant improvement in platelet membrane fluidity, thereby helping to prevent retinal photoreceptor dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Is topical ciprofloxacin superior to topical saline and systemic antibiotics in the treatment of tympanostomy tube otorrhea in children : the results of a randomized clinical trial?
### Response:
| The significant effect of topical ciprofloxacin is probably related to a higher local concentration of antibiotics in the middle ear rather than the result of mechanical rinsing and dissolution of the bacterial load. |
### Instruction:
Does insulin resistance predict re-treatment failure in an efficacy study of peginterferon-α-2a and ribavirin in HIV/HCV co-infected patients?
### Response:
| In HIV/HCV co-infected patients undergoing re-treatment, sustained virological response rate is low; those patients without insulin resistance are significantly more likely to achieve sustained virological response. |
### Instruction:
Do in vivo optical path lengths and path length resolved doppler shifts of multiply scattered light?
### Response:
| In this study, we demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge, that in vivo path length resolved perfusion measurements are feasible. Optical path length distributions of multiply scattered light, spanning a range of 0-6 mm, and their response to external stimuli such as occlusion and capsicum cream provocation have been measured. This method will enable better interpretation of inter- and intra-individual inter-site variations in the LDF readings that are introduced by the variance in tissue optical properties. The inter- and intra-individual inter-site variations measured with our setup results indicate that that these variations should be taken into account while comparing the perfusion readings from comparable sites between individuals and from different sites of the same individual. Furthermore, the observed inter- and intra-individual inter-site variations in path length resolved Doppler measurements indicate the inherent limitation of conventional LDPM that restrict its clinical usefulness, due to its dependence on the unknown photon path length. Consequently, this method will enable to correctly interpret or counter-act the inter- and intra-individual inter-site variations in the LDF readings introduced by the variance in tissue optical properties. This approach also enables to discriminate between the Doppler-shifted photons resulting from interaction with the moving red blood cells and the non-shifted light scattered only by the surrounding static tissue matrices. |
### Instruction:
Does exendin-4 suppress SRC activation and reactive oxygen species production in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat islets in an Epac-dependent manner?
### Response:
| Exendin-4 decreases endogenous ROS production and increases ATP production in diabetic GK rat islets through suppression of Src activation, dependently on Epac. |
### Instruction:
Does cyclic GMP kinase I modulate glucagon release from pancreatic α-cells?
### Response:
| We propose that cGKI modulates glucagon release by suppression of [Ca²(+)](i) in α-cells. |
### Instruction:
Does n-acetylcysteine fail to prevent renal dysfunction and oxidative stress after noniodine contrast media administration during percutaneous coronary interventions?
### Response:
| In this first clinical study that determined TOC and TAC levels in both serum and urine after exposure to contrast media, NAC was not found to affect oxidant parameters or protect against contrast nephropathy, at least in patients without the risk factors for nephropathy, such as diabetes mellitus or baseline renal or cardiac dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Is prox1b Activity essential in zebrafish lymphangiogenesis?
### Response:
| This work provides substantial progress toward the understanding of zebrafish lymphangiogenesis. In light of the features shared by the lymphatic systems of zebrafish and higher vertebrates, the establishment of such lymphatic model will provide a powerful tool to study, for instance, disorders of body fluid homeostasis, inflammation and cancer metastasis, and may ultimately contribute to novel therapies. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of a serine protease gene prC up-regulated by oxidative stress in the fungus Clonostachys rosea : implications for fungal survival?
### Response:
| These results indicate that PrC plays a protective role in oxidative stress in C. rosea. PrC degrades the nematode cuticle to produce degradation products, which in turn offer a protective effect against oxidative stress by scavenging ROS. Our study reveals a novel strategy for fungi to adapt to environmental stress. |
### Instruction:
Is implementation of the transradial approach for coronary procedures associated with an elevated complication rate and elevated radiation patient exposure?
### Response:
| A transradial program can be implemented with safety; therefore, the transradial approach should be preferred in suitable patients. Since spasm occurrence was the major determinant of procedural failure, further effort is need to develop better strategies for spasm prevention. |
### Instruction:
Are phosphodiesterase 6 subunits expressed and altered in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
### Response:
| Collectively, we report previously unrecognized PDE6 expression in human lungs, significant alterations of the PDE6D and PDE6G/H subunits in IPF lungs and characterize the functional role of PDE6D in AEC proliferation. |
### Instruction:
Do primary cellular meningeal defects cause neocortical dysplasia and dyslamination?
### Response:
| Cortical dysplasia can be caused by cellular defects in the meninges. The meninges are not required for basement membrane establishment but are needed for remodeling as the brain expands. Specific changes in basement membrane composition may contribute to subsequent breakdown. Our study raises the possibility that primary meningeal defects may cortical dysplasia in some cases. |
### Instruction:
Does multivariate modeling identify neutrophil- and Th17-related factors as differential serum biomarkers of chronic murine colitis?
### Response:
| Immunological profiling revealed strikingly similar colon profiles, yet distinctly different serum profiles for acute and chronic colitis. Neutrophil- and Th17-related factors were identified as predictive serum biomarkers of chronic colitis, but not acute colitis, despite their presence in colitic tissue of both diseases thereby demonstrating the utility of mathematical modeling for identifying disease-associated serum biomarkers. |
### Instruction:
Does transplantation of photoreceptor and total neural retina preserve cone function in P23H rhodopsin transgenic rat?
### Response:
| We demonstrate here that the transplanted tissue prevents the loss of cone function, which is further translated into cone survival. |
### Instruction:
Are prospective evaluation of dietary treatment in childhood constipation : high dietary fiber and wheat bran intake associated with constipation amelioration?
### Response:
| High DF and bran intake are feasible in constipated children and contribute to amelioration of constipation. |
### Instruction:
Is confocal laser endomicroscopy a new imaging modality for recognition of intramucosal bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease in vivo?
### Response:
| CLE is a new tool that can image intramucosal bacteria in vivo in patients with IBD. Intramucosal bacteria are found more frequently and with a wider distribution in patients with IBD than in patients with a normal intestine. |
### Instruction:
Does nF-κB targeting by way of IKK inhibition sensitize lung cancer cells to adenovirus delivery of TRAIL?
### Response:
| Combination treatment with Ad5hTRAIL and AdIKKβKA induced significant apoptosis of TRAIL-resistant A549 cells, suggesting that dual gene therapy strategy involving exogenous TRAIL gene expression with concurrent IKK inhibition may be a promising novel gene therapy modality to treat lung cancer. |
### Instruction:
Do complement factor H-related proteins CFHR2 and CFHR5 represent novel ligands for the infection-associated CRASP proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi?
### Response:
| In the absence of CFH and the presence of CFHR1, CFHR2 and CFHR5, assembly and integration of the membrane attack complex was not efficiently inhibited indicating that CFH in co-operation with CFHR1, CFHR2 and CFHR5 supports complement evasion of B. burgdorferi. |
### Instruction:
Is nup88 expression associated with myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma?
### Response:
| From these results, it is concluded that Nup88 expression seems indeed to be associated with a distinct feature of tumor aggressiveness (myometrial invasion) in endometrial carcinoma and that larger studies are therefore probably worthwhile. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of renin-angiotensin system affect prognosis of advanced pancreatic cancer receiving gemcitabine?
### Response:
| The ACEIs/ARBs in combination with gemcitabine might improve clinical outcomes in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Prospective trials are needed to test this hypothesis. |
### Instruction:
Are human dendritic cells activated via dectin-1 efficient at priming Th17 , cytotoxic CD8 T and B cell responses?
### Response:
| These data demonstrate that DCs stimulated through Dectin-1 can generate efficient Th, CTL and B cell responses and can therefore be used as effective mucosal and systemic adjuvants in humans. |
### Instruction:
Does angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition alter the inflammatory and fibrinolytic response to cardiopulmonary bypass in children?
### Response:
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition attenuates the increase in postoperative plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 but enhances the interleukin-6 response in children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. |
### Instruction:
Is surgical resection for locoregional esophageal cancer underutilized in the United States?
### Response:
| Surgical therapy for locoregional esophageal cancer is likely underused. Racial variations in esophagectomy are significant. Referral to specialized centers may result in an increase in patients considered for surgical therapy. |
### Instruction:
Is polymorphonuclear cell priming associated with NF-kB activation in patients with severe injury partially dependent on macrophage migration inhibitory factor?
### Response:
| An early increase of plasma MIF associates with NF-kB translocation and respiratory burst in PMNs of severe trauma patients and correlates with higher morbidity. MIF is one of the important factors responsible for early PMN activation and may provide a target of immunomodulation after injury. |
### Instruction:
Do medium-mediated effects increase cell killing in a human keratinocyte cell line exposed to solar-simulated radiation?
### Response:
| This study has shown that solar radiation toxicity is augmented by cell culture medium due to the presence of riboflavin. Results suggest that exposures performed in phenol red-free medium may serve to increase phototoxic effects if riboflavin is present. Riboflavin-free media is recommended for solar radiation investigations to eliminate concerns regarding riboflavin photosensitisation and nutrient deprivation. |
### Instruction:
Does selective killing of cancer cells by Ashwagandha leaf extract and its component Withanone involve ROS signaling?
### Response:
| Ashwagandha leaf extract and Withanone cause selective killing of cancer cells by induction of ROS-signaling and hence are potential reagents that could be recruited for ROS-mediated cancer chemotherapy. |
### Instruction:
Does sIRT1 undergo alternative splicing in a novel auto-regulatory loop with p53?
### Response:
| We characterize the first alternative isoform of SIRT1 and demonstrate its evolutionary conservation in mammalian tissues. The results also reveal a new level of inter-dependency between p53 and SIRT1, two master regulators of multiple phenomena. Thus, previously-attributed SIRT1 functions may in fact be distributed between SIRT1 isoforms, with important implications for SIRT1 functional studies and the current search for SIRT1-activating therapeutics to combat age-related decline. |
### Instruction:
Is nutritional programming in the rat linked to long-lasting changes in nutrient sensing and energy homeostasis in the hypothalamus?
### Response:
| Collectively, these results indicate that the programming of the hypothalamic circuits regulating energy homeostasis is a key step in the development of obesity associated with malnutrition in early life and provide a valuable resource for further investigating the role of the hypothalamus in the programming of the metabolic syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Is detection of lymph node involvement by cytokeratin immunohistochemistry an independent prognostic factor after curative resection of esophageal cancer?
### Response:
| The immunohistochemical analysis of LN may detect (viable or non-viable) tumor cells in lymph nodes after resection of conventionally node-negative esophageal cancers. Conventional pathological analysis by HE, therefore, understages esophageal cancer in these cases. The detection of CK-positive cells in resected LN is an independent prognostic factor in otherwise LN-negative esophageal cancer. |
### Instruction:
Are interleukin 1 β ( IL-1B ) and IL-1 antagonist receptor ( IL-1RN ) gene polymorphisms associated with the genetic susceptibility and steroid dependence in patients with ulcerative colitis?
### Response:
| IL-1 RN and IL-1B polymorphisms were associated with the genetic susceptibility to develop UC and might be associated with the presence of steroid-dependence in UC patients. |
### Instruction:
Is cT scan screening associated with increased distress among subjects of the APExS?
### Response:
| This study suggests that HRCT-scan screening may be associated with increased distress in asbestos-exposed subjects. If confirmed, these results may have consequences for HRCT-scan screening recommendations. |
### Instruction:
Is mayne 's sign mainly related to younger age and not to aortic regurgitation?
### Response:
| Greater decreases in DBP upon arm raising appear to be related to younger age but not to the presence or severity of AR. Therefore, Mayne's sign should not be considered a reliable finding of regurgitant aortic valve flow. |
### Instruction:
Does bladder volume on voiding cystourethrogram correlate with indications and results in male infants?
### Response:
| The bladder volume on the VCUG was greater than predicted for male infants with prenatal hydronephrosis and reflux. In other groups, the marked variation within groups prevented the use of the bladder volume on the VCUG as a proxy for voiding dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Does syndecan-1 overexpression promote tumor growth and angiogenesis in an endometrial cancer xenograft model?
### Response:
| This is the first in vivo xenograft analysis providing evidence that supports that syndecan-1 has a critical role in carcinogenic progression, particularly, contributing to the development of angiogenesis and invasive phenotype in association with matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 activations in endometrial cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is endogenous hydrogen sulfide an anti-inflammatory molecule in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice?
### Response:
| Taken together, the results indicated that the inhibition of endogenous H(2)S generation caused the deterioration of DSS-induced colitis. We conclude that physiological H(2)S might act as an anti-inflammatory molecule in colitis. |
### Instruction:
Does iKKα contribute to canonical NF-κB activation downstream of Nod1-mediated peptidoglycan recognition?
### Response:
| Taken together, these results demonstrate the unexpected role of IKKα in the canonical NF-κB pathway triggered by peptidoglycan recognition during bacterial infection. In addition, they suggest that IKKα may be an important drug target for the development of treatments that aim at limiting inflammation in bacterial infection. |
### Instruction:
Are fcγ receptor IIIb polymorphism and use of glucocorticoids at baseline associated with infusion reactions to infliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| FCGR3B NA1/NA1 genotype, use of glucocorticoids and the presence of anti-infliximab antibody accounted for nearly all patients with RA who developed infusion reactions. |
### Instruction:
Does inflammation in an individual joint predict damage to that joint in psoriatic arthritis?
### Response:
| Both joint tenderness and swelling are important predictors of joint damage in PsA. |
### Instruction:
Does allopurinol attenuate oxidative stress and cardiac fibrosis in angiotensin II-induced cardiac diastolic dysfunction?
### Response:
| These results suggest that allopurinol prevents pathological remodeling of the heart in AngII-induced hypertensive mice. The antioxidative effect of allopurinol contributes to the regression of AngII-induced cardiac diastolic dysfunction. These effects of allopurinol to prevent cardiac fibrosis are mediated at least partly through modulation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. |
### Instruction:
Is inhibition of mir-21 , which up-regulated during MYCN knockdown-mediated differentiation , does not prevent differentiation of neuroblastoma cells?
### Response:
| We describe a subset of miRNAs that were altered during the N-myc deprived differentiation of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells. In this context, N-myc acts as both an activator and suppressor of miRNA expression. Mir-21 was up-regulated during cell differentiation, but inhibition of mir-21 did not prevent this process. We were unable to establish a role for this miRNA during differentiation and proliferation of the two neuroblastoma cell lines used in this study. |
### Instruction:
Do adiposity and age explain most of the association between physical activity and fitness in physically active men?
### Response:
| Adiposity and age are the strongest predictors of VO(2)max in healthy men. The energy expended in moderate and vigorous physical activities is inversely associated with adiposity. Muscular fitness does not appear to be associated with physical activity as assessed by the IPAQ. |
### Instruction:
Is rectal prolapse in children : Laparoscopic suture rectopexy a suitable alternative?
### Response:
| LSRP is safe, feasible in children and gives satisfactory results. |
### Instruction:
Does the antidepressant-like effect of the 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor trilostane involve a regulation of β-type estrogen receptors?
### Response:
| These data demonstrate that the antidepressant-like potential of trilostane is not due to its 3β-HSD inhibiting activity, since it is not shared by cyanoketone, but rather to its estrogenic activity. The compound, which releases estradiol and up-regulates ERβ receptors, could be used as a therapeutic tool to allow an estrogenic facilitation of antidepressant efficacy. |
### Instruction:
Does kIR receptor-ligand incompatibility predict killing of osteosarcoma cell lines by allogeneic NK cells?
### Response:
| Variable MHC I and KIR ligand expression was observed in osteosarcoma cell lines and this resulted in variable susceptibility to NK cell-mediated killing predicted by the degree of KIR receptor-ligand incompatibility. Collectively, these data provide rationale for the study of KIR incompatible stem-cell transplant for osteosarcoma, although further studies with fresh osteosarcoma samples are necessary. |
### Instruction:
Is tRPV1 receptor blockade ineffective in different in vivo models of migraine?
### Response:
| Although there is evidence that TRPV1 receptors play an important role in sensory processing in general, the new data do not support a role in the treatment of acute migraine. |
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