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### Instruction:
Is the anti-myeloma activity of a novel purine scaffold HSP90 inhibitor PU-H71 via inhibition of both HSP90A and HSP90B1?
### Response:
| We conclude that PU-H71 is a promising drug for the treatment of myeloma. Our finding further suggests that PU-H71 and the geldanamycin analogues work in part by inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum gp96 along with the cytosolic HSP90. |
### Instruction:
Are untreated type 2 diabetes and its complications associated with subcortical infarctions?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that untreated type 2 diabetes and type 2 diabetes with complications are associated with subcortical infarctions. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of vascular ectonucleotidase activities by the pro-drugs ticlopidine and clopidogrel favour platelet aggregation?
### Response:
| These pro-drugs facilitated platelet aggregation via the inhibition of vascular NTPDase1 in vitro. Further studies should be performed to assess whether this effect also occurs in vivo, especially at the beginning of treatment, before sufficient levels of active metabolites are produced by the liver. |
### Instruction:
Does ukrain affect pancreas cancer cell phenotype in vitro by targeting MMP-9 and intra-/extracellular SPARC expression?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that UK modulates two major aspects involved in tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer cells, such as extracellular matrix remodeling and cell proliferation. |
### Instruction:
Does iron status in toddlerhood predict sensitivity to psychostimulants in children?
### Response:
| If replicated, these findings suggest that more attention should be paid to optimizing body iron in early childhood. |
### Instruction:
Do e13.5 retinal progenitors induce mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells to differentiate into retinal progenitor-like cells?
### Response:
| E13.5 RPC are capable of inducing BMSC towards an RPC fate. The differentiation is independent of cell fusion. Cytokines and cell-cell interactions exert this induction effect, but they have different functions. |
### Instruction:
Does patient-rated health status predict prognosis following percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stenting?
### Response:
| Patient-rated health status predicted adverse clinical events at 1-year follow-up in PCI patients treated with drug-eluting stenting, with the risk being more than 2-fold independent of disease severity and other demographic and clinical characteristics. It may be timely to adopt standard assessment of health status in clinical practice. |
### Instruction:
Does high-calcium milk prevent overweight and obesity among postmenopausal women?
### Response:
| A change in dietary calcium intake may be a useful measure as part of an overall approach to prevent the occurrence of overweight and obesity among postmenopausal women. |
### Instruction:
Is the nutritional induction of COUP-TFII gene expression in ventromedial hypothalamic neurons mediated by the melanocortin pathway?
### Response:
| These observations strongly suggest that hypothalamic COUP-TFII gene expression could be a central integrator of insulin and melanocortin signaling pathway within the ventromedial hypothalamus. COUP-TFII could play a crucial role in brain integration of circulating signal of hunger and satiety involved in energy balance regulation. |
### Instruction:
Does ntGNL1 play an essential role in pollen tube tip growth and orientation likely via regulation of post-Golgi trafficking?
### Response:
| Thus, we revealed that NtGNL1 is essential for pollen tube growth and orientation and it likely functions via stabilizing the structure of the Golgi apparatus and ensuring post-Golgi trafficking. |
### Instruction:
Is human endometrial CD98 essential for blastocyst adhesion?
### Response:
| These results indicate that CD98, a component of tetraspanin-enriched microdomains, appears to be an important determinant of human endometrial receptivity during the implantation window. |
### Instruction:
Is the NSAID sulindac chemopreventive in the mouse distal colon but carcinogenic in the proximal colon?
### Response:
| These data show that the sulindac diet promotes carcinogenesis in the mouse proximal colon possibly through chronic inflammation. Sulindac has both beneficial and harmful effects in vivo, which are associated with different microenvironments within the colon of experimental mice. Deficiency for the Msh2 or p53 tumour suppressor genes increases the harmful side effects of long-term sulindac treatment in the mouse colon. |
### Instruction:
Is s100A8/A9 involved in host defense against murine urinary tract infection?
### Response:
| We show that despite high S100A8/A9 expression in bladder and kidney tissue upon UTI, S100A8/A9 does not contribute to an effective host response against E. Coli in the urinary tract system. |
### Instruction:
Do bK channels affect glucose homeostasis and cell viability of murine pancreatic beta cells?
### Response:
| Ablation or inhibition of BK channels impairs glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion by interfering with beta cell stimulus-secretion coupling. In addition, BK channels are part of a defence mechanism against apoptosis and oxidative stress. |
### Instruction:
Are transcription factors ETF , E2F , and SP-1 involved in cytokine-independent proliferation of murine hepatocytes?
### Response:
| Cultivation of murine hepatocytes on CM primes cells for proliferation through cytokine-independent activation of MAPK signaling. The transcription factors ETF, E2F1, and SP-1 seem to play a pronounced role in mediating proliferation-dependent differential gene expression. Similar events, but on a shorter time-scale, occur very early after liver damage in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Is bacterial DNA translocation associated with systemic circulatory abnormalities and intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis?
### Response:
| Presence of bacterial DNA, a marker of bacterial translocation, is associated with aggravation of peripheral vasodilation and with worsening of intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Does nuclear factor κB up-regulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β mediate hepatocyte resistance to tumor necrosis factor α toxicity?
### Response:
| C/EBPβ is up-regulated by TNFα and mediates hepatocyte resistance to TNFα toxicity by inhibiting caspase-dependent apoptosis. In the absence of NF-κB signaling, proteasomal degradation of C/EBPβ is increased by a JNK-independent mechanism and promotes death from TNFα. |
### Instruction:
Does lupeol target liver tumor-initiating cells through phosphatase and tensin homolog modulation?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that lupeol may be an effective dietary phytochemical that targets liver T-ICs. |
### Instruction:
Is migraine frequent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus : a case-control study?
### Response:
| Migraine is more prevalent in SLE patients, associated with depression like in the general population, but not associated with disease activity or abnormalities detected on cerebral MRI, in CSF, or any SLE characteristics except from SLE photosensitivity. The inclusion of the migraine item in SLE disease activity instruments remains questionable. |
### Instruction:
Does sirt1 inhibition promote in vivo arterial thrombosis and tissue factor expression in stimulated cells?
### Response:
| We provide pharmacological and genetic evidence that Sirt1 inhibition enhances TF expression and activity by increasing NFκB/p65 activation in human endothelial cells. Furthermore, Sirt1 inhibition induces arterial thrombus formation in vivo. Hence, modulation of Sirt1 may offer novel therapeutic options for targeting thrombosis. |
### Instruction:
Does adiponectin protect against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by anti-apoptotic effects through AMPK up-regulation?
### Response:
| These data suggest that APN improved cardiac function through anti-apoptotic effects by up-regulation of AMPK in DOX-induced cardiomyopathy in mice. |
### Instruction:
Does o-GlcNAcylation contribute to the vascular effects of ET-1 via activation of the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway?
### Response:
| We suggest that ET-1 augments O-GlcNAcylation and this modification contributes to increased vascular contractile responses via activation of the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway. |
### Instruction:
Is sacroiliitis common in Crohn 's disease patients with perianal or upper gastrointestinal involvement?
### Response:
| SI was as common among Korean IBD patients as among Western patients. Perianal or upper-gastrointestinal involvement is associated with SI in CD patients. |
### Instruction:
Do house mouse colonization patterns on the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Archipelago suggest singular primary invasions and resilience against re-invasion?
### Response:
| Although there was heavy ship traffic for over a hundred years to the Kerguelen Archipelago, it appears that the mice that have arrived first have colonized the main island (Grande Terre) and most of the associated small islands. The second invasion that we see in our data has occurred on islands that are detached from Grande Terre and were likely to have had no resident mice prior to their arrival. The genetic data suggest that the mice of both primary invasions originated from related source populations. Our data suggest that an area colonized by mice is refractory to further introgression, possibly due to fast adaptations of the resident mice to local conditions. |
### Instruction:
Are iQGAP1 and IQGAP2 reciprocally altered in hepatocellular carcinoma?
### Response:
| We conclude that increased IQGAP1 and/or decreased IQGAP2 contribute to the pathogenesis of human HCC. Furthermore, downregulation of IQGAP2 in HCC occurs independently of hypermethylation of the Iqgap2 promoter. Immunostaining of IQGAP1 and IQGAP2 may aid in the diagnosis of HCC, and their pharmacologic modulation may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does screening of protein kinase inhibitors identify PKC inhibitors as inhibitors of osteoclastic acid secretion and bone resorption?
### Response:
| In conclusion, a group of inhibitors all indicated to inhibit PKC reduced acidification in human osteoclasts, and thereby bone resorption, indicating that acid secretion by osteoclasts may be specifically regulated by PKC in osteoclasts. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of IGF-1R-dependent PI3K activation sensitize colon cancer cells specifically to DR5-mediated apoptosis but not to rhTRAIL?
### Response:
| our study indicates that individual effects on DR4 and DR5 apoptosis signaling should be taken into consideration when combining DR-ligands with PI3K inhibition. |
### Instruction:
Does daily genetic profiling indicate JAK/STAT signaling promotes early hepatic stellate cell transdifferentiation?
### Response:
| These data demonstrate unique clustered genetic profiles during the daily progression of HSC transdifferentiation and that JAK/STAT signaling may be critical in the early stages of transdifferentiation. |
### Instruction:
Does hNF-4α determine hepatic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow?
### Response:
| Overexpression of HNF-4α improves the hepatic differentiation of human MSCs from bone marrow and is a simple way of providing better cell sources for clinical applications. |
### Instruction:
Is central macular thickness correlated with gestational age at birth in prematurely born children?
### Response:
| Prematurely born children had thicker central maculae than those born at term. Regardless of ROP, the degree of prematurity was the most important risk factor for abnormal foveal development. |
### Instruction:
Does intralesional corticosteroid injection and dilatation provide effective management of subglottic stenosis in Wegener 's granulomatosis?
### Response:
| Our data supports the use of ILCD as a safe and effective treatment of SGS in both WG and non-WG patients. |
### Instruction:
Does berberine attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57 BL/6 mice?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that berberine is effective to attenuate the clinical severity of EAE in C57 BL/6 mice by reducing the permeability of BBB, decreasing the expression and activity of MMP-9, and decreasing the inflammatory infiltration. We think that berberine might be a potential therapeutic agent for MS. |
### Instruction:
Does aversive reinforcement improve visual discrimination learning in free-flying honeybees?
### Response:
| The present study supports the hypothesis that aversion conditioning is important for understanding how and what animals perceive and learn. By using this form of conditioning coupled with appetitive conditioning in the framework of a differential conditioning procedure, it is possible to uncover discrimination capabilities that may remain otherwise unsuspected. We show, therefore, that visual discrimination is not an absolute phenomenon but can be modulated by experience. |
### Instruction:
Does mitochondrially-targeted expression of a cytoplasmic male sterility-associated orf220 gene cause male sterility in Brassica juncea?
### Response:
| The work presented furthers our understanding of how the mitochondrially-targeted expression of CMS-associated orf220 gene causes male sterility through retrograde regulation of nuclear gene expression in Brassica juncea. |
### Instruction:
Is soluble ephrin a1 necessary for the growth of HeLa and SK-BR3 cells?
### Response:
| We conclude that soluble EFNA1 is necessary for the transformation of HeLa and SK-BR3 cells and participates in the relocalization of EPHA2 away from sites of cell-cell contact during transformation. |
### Instruction:
Does dig1 protect against cell death provoked by glyphosate-based herbicides in human liver cell lines?
### Response:
| Roundup is able to provoke intracellular disruption in hepatic cell lines at different levels, but a mixture of medicinal plant extracts Dig1 can protect to some extent human cell lines against this pollutants. All this system constitutes a tool for studying liver intoxication and detoxification. |
### Instruction:
Does blood exposure have a negative effect on engineered cartilage?
### Response:
| A blood contact of 3 days affected the chondrocytes' activity and determined a delay in the maturation of the engineered cartilage. These findings have clinical relevance, as autologous chondrocytes seeded onto biological scaffolds has become an established surgical method for articular cartilage repair. Therefore, further investigation into material sciences should be encouraged for the development of scaffold protecting the reparative cells from the blood insult. |
### Instruction:
Are c-reactive protein and hormones but not IL-6 associated to body mass index in first trimester of pregnancy?
### Response:
| The present investigation provides evidences on the positive relationship between BMI, leptin, insulin, HOMA-IR and CRP in early pregnancy. CRP but not IL-6 demonstrated a strong relation with overweight in pregnant women, as early as the tenth week. |
### Instruction:
Are fluid resuscitation in septic shock : a positive fluid balance and elevated central venous pressure associated with increased mortality?
### Response:
| A more positive fluid balance both early in resuscitation and cumulatively over 4 days is associated with an increased risk of mortality in septic shock. Central venous pressure may be used to gauge fluid balance ≤ 12 hrs into septic shock but becomes an unreliable marker of fluid balance thereafter. Optimal survival in the VASST study occurred with a positive fluid balance of approximately 3 L at 12 hrs. |
### Instruction:
Is peripheral chemosensor function blunted in moderate to severe chronic kidney disease?
### Response:
| Using a relatively non-invasive bedside test we provide evidence for a blunted peripheral chemosensor function in chronic kidney disease. We thereby lay the basis for interventional studies assessing chemosensor function in chronic kidney disease. |
### Instruction:
Are repeat urethrotomy and dilation for the treatment of urethral stricture neither clinically effective nor cost-effective?
### Response:
| A strategy of initial urethrotomy or urethral dilation followed by urethroplasty in patients with recurrent stricture proves to be the most cost-effective strategy. This financially based strategy concurs with evidence based best practice for urethral stricture management. |
### Instruction:
Does ischemic preconditioning improve oxygenation of exercising muscle in vivo?
### Response:
| This study has demonstrated that IP provides the protective effect on in vivo skeletal muscle oxygenation during exercise. |
### Instruction:
Does st Thomas Hospital Cardioplegia # 2 fail to suppress slow reaction pacemaker cell electrical activity?
### Response:
| STH2 cannot prevent SA node SR myocardial cells from low-amplitude AP autogeneration above 21 degrees C. STH2 with 30 mEq/L K(+), STH2 with 0.02 mEq/L Ca(2+), and STH2 plus 2.5 mmol/L verapamil can arrest AP generation in SR and potentially prevent postoperative SVA. |
### Instruction:
Is coeliac disease the most common cause of chronic diarrhoea in Iran?
### Response:
| CD is the most common cause of adult chronic non-bloody diarrhoea in Tehran. |
### Instruction:
Are adipogenic and orexigenic effects of the ghrelin-receptor ligand tabimorelin diminished in leptin-signalling-deficient ZDF rats?
### Response:
| This shows that tabimorelin-induced adiposity and hyperphagia in lean control rats are correlated with increased hypothalamic NPY mRNA and decreased POMC mRNA expression. The elimination of tabimorelin-induced adiposity and hyperphagia in ZDF rats may be due to lack of POMC mRNA downregulation. In conclusion, we suggest that ghrelin-receptor ligands exert their adipogenic and orexigenic effects via hypothalamic mechanisms that are dependent on intact leptin-receptor signalling. |
### Instruction:
Does mechanical strain enhance proteoglycan message in fibroblasts from asthmatic subjects?
### Response:
| These data support the hypothesis that proteoglycan message is increased in asthmatic fibroblasts subject to mechanical strain. This finding has implications for the mechanisms governing airway wall remodelling in asthma. |
### Instruction:
Does treatment with intranasal fluticasone propionate significantly improve ocular symptoms in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis?
### Response:
| Patients treated with intranasal FP had clinically and statistically significant decreases in ocular symptom scores compared with vehicle placebo. Data also suggest that FP reduced ocular symptoms more than or comparable with oral LOR. Patients experiencing ocular symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis may benefit from monotherapy with intranasal FP. |
### Instruction:
Is circulating heat-shock protein 70 associated with postoperative infection and organ dysfunction after liver resection?
### Response:
| These results suggest that circulating Hsp70 and IL-6 potentially play a pivotal role in pathophysiology of postoperative infection, and that circulating Hsp70 and blood loss may represent a prognostic marker for postoperative organ dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Does helicobacter pylori eradication improve pre-existing reflux esophagitis in patients with duodenal ulcer disease?
### Response:
| In patients with reflux esophagitis associated with duodenal ulcer, a significant improvement in pre-existing reflux esophagitis was noted after H. pylori eradication. |
### Instruction:
Does increased susceptibility to vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus intestinal colonization persist after completion of anti-anaerobic antibiotic treatment in mice?
### Response:
| Patients receiving anti-anaerobic antibiotics, including piperacillin/tazobactam, may be susceptible to the establishment of high-density VRE colonization during the period of recovery of the anaerobic microflora. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of coagulation and inflammation by activated protein C or antithrombin reduce intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats?
### Response:
| Administration of activated protein C or antithrombin inhibited local and systemic derangement of coagulation and inflammation following intestinal ischemia/reperfusion, diminished mucosal fibrin deposition, and attenuated ischemia/reperfusion-induced intestinal injury. These observations suggest that activated protein C or antithrombin reduces ischemia/reperfusion-induced intestinal injury, both through their anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory effects. |
### Instruction:
Are vascular endothelial dysfunction and superoxide anion production in heart failure p38 MAP kinase-dependent?
### Response:
| Vascular p38 MAP kinase is markedly activated in rats with CHF. Chronic p38 MAP kinase inhibition with SB239063 prevented endothelial vasomotor dysfunction through reduction of superoxide anion production. |
### Instruction:
Is increased expression of Ki-67 in mantle cell lymphoma associated with de-regulation of several cell cycle regulatory components , as identified by global gene expression analysis?
### Response:
| A genetic signature distinguishing Ki-67high MCL from Ki-67low was established. The generated signature was used to assign new MCL samples to the high proliferative group, validating the association between these genes and proliferation in MCL. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Refractory recovery function of electrical auditory on the survival auditory nerve in cochlear implant recipients ]?
### Response:
| The recovery time constants are related with etiology. In mono-polar mode, the time constants of congenital deafness or subjects with short duration of deafness are shorter than those of postnatal deafness or subjects with long duration of deafness. Time constants do not vary systematically with electrode location along the implanted array. The reciprocal of individual electrode seems to be used in determining the maximum of stimulating rate of CIS strategy and as criteria of choosing the usable channels from 22 electrode bands. |
### Instruction:
Does cholesterol supplementation improve developmental progress in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome?
### Response:
| These results suggest that cholesterol supplementation in its current form does not improve the developmental progress of children and adolescents with SLOS. |
### Instruction:
Is postoperative on-line monitoring with intraperitoneal microdialysis a sensitive clinical method for measuring increased anaerobic metabolism that correlates to the cytokine response?
### Response:
| A normal postoperative course results in a decrease in the intraperitoneal lactate/pyruvate ratio, TNF-alpha and IL-10. A correlation between the intraperitoneal lactate/pyruvate ratio and TNF-alpha was found which suggests that intraperitoneal microdialysis is a sensitive, indirect method in analysing the postoperative intraperitoneal inflammatory response. A complicated postoperative course was preceded by increase of the peritoneal lactate/pyruvate ratio interpreted as splanchnic hypoxia and also an increased TNF-alpha level. |
### Instruction:
Do mast cells and eosinophils have a potential profibrogenic role in Crohn disease?
### Response:
| These in vitro data show that mast cells and eosinophils could be involved in modulating Crohn disease fibrosis by directly influencing intestinal fibroblast properties. |
### Instruction:
Is chronic gastritis with expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase associated with high expression of interleukin-6 and hypergastrinaemia?
### Response:
| Inducible nitric oxide synthase-producing gastritis was correlated with high levels of interleukin-6. Patients with hypergastrinaemia should be carefully followed on a long-term basis to ensure that the development of any malignancy is detected early. |
### Instruction:
Does plasmolemmal potassium gradient affect lung protection by an ATP-regulated potassium channel opener?
### Response:
| The ability of the PCO Aprikalim to preserve gas exchange in a model of hypothermic pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury was not affected by the plasmolemmal potassium gradient. This is consistent with recent findings in myocardial protection studies that the protective effects of PCOs may be intracellular. |
### Instruction:
Does siRNA directed against c-Src enhance pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell gemcitabine chemosensitivity?
### Response:
| c-Src is a determinant of pancreatic adenocarcinoma chemoresistance and represents a potential target for therapeutic intervention. |
### Instruction:
Is eGF-Like domain of tenascin-C proapoptotic for cultured smooth muscle cells?
### Response:
| Together with our previous observations, our data suggest that Tn-C upregulates MMP expression that cleaves Tn-C into fragments containing the EGF-like domain. This domain has proapoptotic activity for SMCs. |
### Instruction:
Is high intensity aerobic interval exercise superior to moderate intensity exercise for increasing aerobic capacity in patients with coronary artery disease?
### Response:
| High intensity aerobic interval exercise is superior to moderate exercise for increasing VO2peak in stable CAD-patients. As VO2peak seems to reflect a continuum between health and cardiovascular disease and death, the present data may be useful in designing effective training programmes for improved health in the future. |
### Instruction:
Does heart rate variability decreased by coronary artery surgery have no prognostic value?
### Response:
| In contrast to the strong prognostic potential of HRV in patients with MI, decreased HRV has no prognostic significance in patients who have undergone CABG surgery. |
### Instruction:
Do afferent limb ulcers predict Crohn 's disease in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis?
### Response:
| ALUs seen on endoscopy are suggestive of CD in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who are not taking NSAIDs. |
### Instruction:
Do preterm male infants need more initial respiratory and circulatory support than female infants?
### Response:
| There are early gender-related differences in need for ventilatory and circulatory support that may contribute to the worse long-term outcome in prematurely born male infants. |
### Instruction:
Does postnatal nicotine exposure further compromise hypoxia defense mechanisms in prenatally nicotine-exposed lambs?
### Response:
| Continued postnatal nicotine exposure after prenatal exposure did not further compromise hypoxia defense mechanisms after birth. |
### Instruction:
Does 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin inhibit prostatic epithelial bud formation by acting directly on the urogenital sinus?
### Response:
| TCDD can act directly on the UGS to cause AhR dependent inhibition of prostatic epithelial bud formation. Because this inhibition occurred at a TCDD concentration similar to the estimated concentration at which TCDD inhibits bud formation in vivo, it appears that TCDD inhibits prostatic budding primarily via direct effects on the UGS rather than indirectly through effects on other organs. |
### Instruction:
Do development of a renal tumor mimic model for learning minimally invasive nephron sparing surgical techniques?
### Response:
| The described renal tumor mimic model reproducibly creates ex vivo and in vivo porcine kidney lesions. Lesion size and impedance do not change with the application of radio frequency energy. This model should be a valuable adjunct in the development, assessment and teaching of novel, nephron sparing, minimally invasive surgical techniques. |
### Instruction:
Do patients with schizophrenia previously stabilized on conventional depot antipsychotics experience significant clinical improvements following treatment with long-acting risperidone?
### Response:
| Stable patients with mild, residual symptomatology treated with conventional depot antipsychotics experienced significant improvement in psychiatric and movement disorder symptomatology following 1-year of treatment with long-acting risperidone. |
### Instruction:
Does growth hormone improve body composition and motor development in infants with Prader-Willi syndrome after six months?
### Response:
| Infants with PWS show significant body composition and motor development improvement following 6 months GH therapy. We are investigating whether this improvement leads to long-term reductions in obesity. |
### Instruction:
Does human cytomegalovirus protect multiple myeloma cell line KM3 cells from apoptosis induced by growth factor withdrawal?
### Response:
| CMV can infect the multiple myeloma cell line KM3, inhibit the apoptotic response in these cells after apoptosis induction in serum-free culture, and increase the expression of IL-6 mRNA. |
### Instruction:
Is urine vascular endothelial growth factor-A a useful marker for endometriosis?
### Response:
| It is unlikely that urine VEGF-A(121, 165), as measured in this study, will be a useful non-invasive marker for endometriosis. |
### Instruction:
Does ischaemia in working muscles potentiate the exercise-induced sweating response in man?
### Response:
| During ischaemic exercise sweat secretion was potentiated by non-thermal and/or local thermal stimuli. |
### Instruction:
Are disturbing post-operative symptoms reduced by prophylactic antiemetic treatment in patients at high risk of post-operative nausea and vomiting?
### Response:
| The intensity of symptoms or the total number of disturbing symptoms did not decrease after prophylactic antiemetic treatment in a group of patients, but the profile of disturbing symptoms changed. The relevance of post-operative symptoms in terms of patients' well-being needs to be addressed. |
### Instruction:
Do growth factors improve the in vivo migration of human skeletal myoblasts by modulating their endogenous proteolytic activity?
### Response:
| These results suggest that IGF-1 or bFGF coinjection with human myoblasts increased their proteolytic activities and consequently their migratory capacity. This study may help to develop approaches that will reduce the number of injection sites for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. |
### Instruction:
Is generation of tolerogenic dendritic cells by treatment with mitomycin C : inhibition of allogeneic T-cell response mediated by downregulation of ICAM-1 , CD80 , and CD86?
### Response:
| MMC treatment converts rat DC into tolerogenic cells. This mechanism is mediated by decrease of ICAM-1, CD80, and CD86. |
### Instruction:
Is clopidogrel resistance associated with increased risk of recurrent atherothrombotic events in patients with acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| Up to 25% of STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI with stenting are resistant to clopidogrel and therefore may be at increased risk for recurrent cardiovascular events. |
### Instruction:
Does carvedilol but not metoprolol reduce beta-adrenergic responsiveness after complete elimination from plasma in vivo?
### Response:
| Carvedilol but not metoprolol inhibits the catecholamine response of the human heart beyond its plasma elimination. The persistent beta-blockade by carvedilol may be explained by binding of carvedilol to an allosteric site of beta-ARs. |
### Instruction:
Do circulating CD34-positive cells provide an index of cerebrovascular function?
### Response:
| These results suggest a possible contribution of circulating CD34- and CD133-positive cells in maintenance of the cerebral circulation in settings of ischemic stress. Our data demonstrate the utility of a simple and precise method to quantify circulating CD34-positive cells, the latter providing a marker of cerebrovascular function. |
### Instruction:
Is virulence potential of the staphylococcal adhesin CNA in experimental arthritis determined by its affinity for collagen?
### Response:
| The results provide, for the first time, direct evidence that the virulence of CNA depends on its collagen-binding ability. Collagen binding facilitated early colonization of the joints of mice. Furthermore, the virulence potential of the adhesin is determined by the adhesin's affinity for its ligand, as well as its binding kinetics. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of the tissue factor/factor VIIa pathway influence the inflammatory or antibacterial response to abdominal sepsis induced by Escherichia coli in mice?
### Response:
| These data suggest that TF/FVIIa activity contributes to the activation of coagulation during E. coli peritonitis but does not play a role in the inflammatory response or antibacterial host defense. |
### Instruction:
Does activin A stimulate vascular endothelial growth factor gene transcription in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells?
### Response:
| This study identifies activin A as a novel stimulus of vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and delineates physical and functional cooperation of Sp1 and Smad2 as the underlying mechanism. |
### Instruction:
Does serum response factor promote re-epithelialization and muscular structure restoration during gastric ulcer healing?
### Response:
| Activation of SRF is an important component of ulcer healing. SRF promotes migration and proliferation of gastric epithelial and smooth muscle cells, which are essential for re-epithelialization and restoration of muscular structures. |
### Instruction:
Is colitis associated with thymic destruction attenuating CD4+25+ regulatory T cells in the periphery?
### Response:
| The negative impact of colitis on T(R) development in the thymus, which was confirmed in a second model of colitis, has profound implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease. |
### Instruction:
Is medial rectus pulley posterior fixation as effective as scleral posterior fixation for acquired esotropia with a high AC/A ratio?
### Response:
| Traditional MR scleral posterior fixation and MR pulley posterior fixation are equally effective in treating acquired ET with a high AC/A ratio. |
### Instruction:
Do tSH/cAMP up-regulate sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases expression and activity in PC Cl3 thyroid cells?
### Response:
| These data suggested that TSH/cAMP acts as an important regulator of both SERCA2b expression and activity in the thyroid system, through PKA activation. |
### Instruction:
Does selenium have a protective role in caspase-3-dependent apoptosis induced by H2O2 in primary cultured pig thyrocytes?
### Response:
| Cytotoxic effects of H2O2 on thyroid cells include caspase-3-dependent apoptosis that occurs at H2O2 concentrations insufficient to induce necrosis. Selenium deficiency aggravates the apoptotic response, probably due to impaired capacity of GPx to degrade H2O2. |
### Instruction:
Does cyclin E correlate with malignancy and adverse prognosis in adrenocortical tumors?
### Response:
| This study shows that cyclin E overproduction is of adverse prognostic significance in adrenocortical tumors. |
### Instruction:
Does combined corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide therapy alter survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that combined corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide therapy has no impact on survival in patients with IPF. This finding supports the evolving concept that chronic inflammation plays a minimal role in the progression of IPF and reinforces the importance of careful consideration of the risks and benefits of such therapies prior to their institution. |
### Instruction:
Does pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma demonstrate high proliferative activity?
### Response:
| Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma appears to be more clinically aggressive than classic large cell carcinoma with these findings indicating that large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma has a higher level of proliferative activity than classic large cell carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Do viral chemokine-binding proteins inhibit inflammatory responses and aortic allograft transplant vasculopathy in rat models?
### Response:
| Viral chemokine-modulating proteins effectively reduce aortic allograft vasculopathy, acting predominantly through inhibition of a CC chemokine-mediated response. |
### Instruction:
Are interleukin-18 levels in induced sputum reduced in asthmatic and normal smokers?
### Response:
| IL-18 is detectable in induced sputum samples from both asthmatic and normal subjects. Cigarette smoking significantly reduces sputum IL-18 levels. This effect is more pronounced in asthmatics than in normal subjects. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Iontophoresis with traditional Chinese herbal medicine accelerate the healing of bone fracture ]?
### Response:
| Iontophoresis with traditional Chinese herbal medicine promotes blood circulation and accelerates the growth of bony callus, and provides a new therapeutic approach for promoting the healing of bone fractures. |
### Instruction:
Does [ 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in hepatocellular carcinoma on positron emission tomography correlate with alpha-fetoprotein ]?
### Response:
| Serum AFP correlates significantly with both SUV and SUN ratio, indicating that AFP is involved in glucose metabolism and cell proliferation in HCC. |
### Instruction:
Does vagal activity modulate spontaneous augmentation of ST elevation in the daily life of patients with Brugada syndrome?
### Response:
| In Brugada syndrome, spontaneous augmentation of ST elevation in daily life occurred along with an increase in vagal activity. ST elevation was augmented more in patients with VF than in those without VF under similar vagal tone. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of IkappaB phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury?
### Response:
| Inhibition of nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB by IkappaBalpha phosphorylation blockade could provide an effective approach to attenuation of ischemia/reperfusion injury. The cardioprotective effects of IMD-0354 include not only reduction of harmful neutrophil accumulation in myocardium but also inhibition of harmful cytokine and chemokine production by cardiomyocytes. |
### Instruction:
Does amphetamine activate connexin43 gene expression in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes through JNK and AP-1 pathway?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that amphetamine activates Cx43 gene expression in cultured rat neonatal cardiac myocytes. Amphetamine mediates the Cx43 gene expression, at least in part, through the JNK pathway. These findings from our study suggest that Cx43 plays a role for the molecular mechanism of amphetamine-induced cardiac dysrhythmias. |
### Instruction:
Does adjunctive 17beta-estradiol administration reduce infarct size by altered expression of canine myocardial connexin43 protein?
### Response:
| This result demonstrated that the cardioprotective effect of estrogen as an antioxidant may be associated with the reduced amount of phosphorylated myocardial connexin43 protein. |
### Instruction:
Do thioguanine-nucleotides predict efficacy of tioguanine in Crohn 's disease?
### Response:
| 6-Thioguanine-nucleotide as well as methylated 6-thioguanine-nucleotide levels under tioguanine therapy were not related to efficacy. This suggests that monitoring of 6-thioguanine-nucleotide levels is not a useful tool to predict response to thiopurines. |
### Instruction:
Is total fundoplication superior to partial fundoplication even when esophageal peristalsis is weak?
### Response:
| These data show that laparoscopic partial fundoplication was less effective than total fundoplication in curing gastroesophageal reflux disease, and compared with a partial (240 degrees) fundoplication, a total (360 degrees) fundoplication was not followed by more dysphagia, even when esophageal peristalsis was weak. |
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