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### Instruction: Does liver stiffness by transient elastography predict liver-related complications and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease? ### Response:
Liver stiffness by TE accurately predicts the risk of death or hepatic complications in patients with chronic liver disease. TE may facilitate the estimation of prognosis and guide management of these patients.
### Instruction: Does high basal level of autophagy in high-altitude residents attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury? ### Response:
Patients living at a high altitude with congenital heart disease resisted ischemia-reperfusion injury during cardiac surgery better than those at a low altitude, possibly through elevated basal autophagy induced by chronic hypoxia.
### Instruction: Is allocentric but not egocentric orientation impaired during normal aging : an ERP study? ### Response:
These results suggest that elderly individuals present with deficits when spatial orientation relies on allocentric representation, and are associated with age-related deficits in spatial attention.
### Instruction: Does seasonal ambient air pollution correlate strongly with spontaneous abortion in Mongolia? ### Response:
The present study identified alarmingly strong statistical correlations between ambient air pollutants and spontaneous abortion. Further studies need to be done to examine possible correlations between personal exposure to air pollutants and pregnancy loss.
### Instruction: Do wedge and needle liver biopsies show discordant histopathology in morbidly obese patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery? ### Response:
Wedge biopsy pairs had the best Kappa concordance but contralateral needle/needle biopsy pairs had good Kappa concordance. There were no complications from the 40 needle- and wedge liver biopsies, confirming the safety of laporoscopic multi-biopsy in both liver lobes.
### Instruction: Do [ Negative symptoms predict the improvement of social functioning of patients with schizophrenia ]? ### Response:
Improvement of negative symptoms predicts the short-term improvement of social functioning of schizophrenia patients.
### Instruction: Is linagliptin fixed-dose combination with metformin bioequivalent to co-administration of linagliptin and metformin as individual tablets? ### Response:
FDC tablets of linagliptin and metformin are bioequivalent to individual tablets of respective dose strengths taken together. Both treatments were well tolerated.
### Instruction: Is c5 variant associated with decreased risk of coronary artery disease in outpatients with severe hypercholinesterasemia? ### Response:
The prevalence of the C5 variant was relatively high, and the C5 variant is associated with decreased risk of CAD in outpatients with severe hypercholinesterasemia.
### Instruction: Do younger women have a higher risk of in-hospital mortality due to acute myocardial infarction in Chile? ### Response:
In the context of a Latin American country, women aged<55 years with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and Killip class I-II had a higher risk of death. Known risk factors do not completely explain this excess of risk.
### Instruction: Does microRNA-194 inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer cells by targeting FoxM1? ### Response:
Our study clearly demonstrates that miR-194 inhibits the acquisition of the EMT phenotype in gastric cancer cells by downregulating FoxM1, thereby inhibiting cell migration and invasion during cancer progression.
### Instruction: Does [ Ac-hE-18A-NH2 inhibit the inflammatory response induced by ox-LDL via inhibiting NF-κB activation in RAW264.7 macrophages ]? ### Response:
Ac-hE-18A-NH2 may suppress TNF-α secretion and mRNA expression in ox-LDL stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages via IκB-NF-κB signaling pathway. The anti-inflammatory effect of Ac-hE-18A-NH2 is better than that of apoA-I mimic peptide D-4F.
### Instruction: Do presence of antigen-specific somatic allelic mutations and splice variants predict for immunological response to genetic vaccination? ### Response:
These results suggest that antigen-specific immune responses detectable after treatment with this genetic vaccine are specific for the host-encoded antigen and not due to epitope differences between the vaccine and a particular individual's somatic coding sequence.
### Instruction: Does calreticulin contribute to C1q-dependent recruitment of microglia in the leech Hirudo medicinalis following a CNS injury? ### Response:
These data give new insight into calreticulin/C1q interaction in an immune function of neuroprotection, suggesting another molecular target to use in investigation of microglia reactivity in a model of CNS injury.
### Instruction: Does the Drosophila Chmp1 protein determine wing cell fate through regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling? ### Response:
Drosophila Chmp1 negatively regulates DER signaling, likely through its role in MVB formation. Loss of Chmp1 activity in the Drosophila wing induces a cell fate change from intervein to vein that should provide a useful tool for future studies of ESCRT protein activity.
### Instruction: Do kinetic analyses reveal potent and early blockade of hepatitis C virus assembly by NS5A inhibitors? ### Response:
DAAs that target NS5A rapidly inhibit intracellular assembly of genotype 1a virions. They also inhibit formation of functional replicase complexes, but have no activity against preformed replicase, thereby resulting in slow shut-off of viral RNA synthesis.
### Instruction: Are cerebrospinal fluid transferrin levels reduced in patients with early multiple sclerosis? ### Response:
Our biochemical study provides evidence that altered iron homeostasis within the brain occurs in the very early phases of the disease, and suggests that the transporter protein transferrin may play a role in the increased iron deposition known to occur in the brain of MS patients.
### Instruction: Is 131I therapy and Graves ' disease in a long term observation : euthyroidism a suitable goal . Our experience? ### Response:
131I can be the first line treatment for Graves' disease in small-medium thyroids. Calculated doses can achieve a high amount of long term euthyroid patients. Similar results could be expected by fixed doses of 10 mCi.
### Instruction: Does effect of AST on age-associated changes of vocal fold in a rat model? ### Response:
These results suggest that AST has the potential to attenuate age-associated changes of vocal folds.
### Instruction: Is a germline missense mutation in COQ6 associated with susceptibility to familial schwannomatosis? ### Response:
Although the exact oncogenetic mechanisms in this schwannomatosis family remain to be elucidated, our data strongly indicate a probable role of COQ6 mutation and CoQ10 deficiency in the development of familial schwannomatosis.Genet Med 16 10, 787-792.
### Instruction: Do unaffected family members report improvements in daily routine sun protection 2 years following melanoma genetic testing? ### Response:
Members of high-risk families reported increased daily routine sun protection and decreased sunburns 2 years following melanoma genetic testing, with no net decline in sun protection following negative test results. Thus, genetic testing and counseling may motivate sustained improvements in prevention behaviors.
### Instruction: Does gALNT4 predict clinical outcome in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma? ### Response:
Intratumor GALNT4 expression is a potential independent prognostic factor for overall and relapse-free survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Further external validation and functional analysis should be performed to assess its potential prognostic and therapeutic value in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
### Instruction: Does human cytomegalovirus infection induce leukotriene B4 and 5-lipoxygenase expression in human placentae and umbilical vein endothelial cells? ### Response:
The presence of HCMV coincided with high 5-LO expression in cells of in vivo HCMV infected placentae. HCMV induced up-regulation of 5-LO in both ex vivo HCMV-infected placental explants and HUVEC. HCMV induced LT-biosynthesis in congenitally infected placentae may have a role in pathogenesis of congenital HCMV disease.
### Instruction: Is thoracoscopic lobectomy associated with acceptable morbidity and mortality in patients with predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 second or diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide less than 40 % of normal? ### Response:
VATS lobectomy can be performed with acceptable rates of morbidity and mortality in patients with reduced ppoFEV1% or ppoDLCO%.
### Instruction: Is hyphema a risk factor for failure of trabeculectomy in neovascular glaucoma : a retrospective analysis? ### Response:
Postoperative hyphema was significantly correlated with the outcome of trabeculectomy for NVG. There was no significant association between preoperative IVB and postoperative hyphema or the results of trabeculectomy.
### Instruction: Is early systemic sclerosis : serum profiling of factors involved in endothelial , T-cell , and fibroblast interplay marked by elevated interleukin-33 levels? ### Response:
Our study suggests that an endothelial, T-cell and fibroblast activation can be present in patients with early SSc and it is associated with a distinct profile of circulating factors involved in the cross-talk of these cells. The marked increase of IL-33 in early SSc patients suggests new routes of investigation of cell-cell dynamics in target tissues predating overt disease manifestations, thus opening to new therapeutic approaches.
### Instruction: Do reactive oxygen species regulate the quiescence of CD34-positive cells derived from human embryonic stem cells? ### Response:
This study reveals that NOX4 produces ROS in CD34(+) cells during vascular differentiation of hESCs, and shows that modulation of ROS levels using antioxidants such as selenium may be a novel approach to increase the vascular differentiation efficiency of hESCs.
### Instruction: Does genome-wide association study identify variants associated with autoimmune hepatitis type 1? ### Response:
In a genome-wide association study, we associated AIH type 1 with variants in the major histocompatibility complex region, and identified variants of SH2B3and CARD10 as likely risk factors. These findings support a complex genetic basis for AIH pathogenesis and indicate that part of the genetic susceptibility overlaps with that for other immune-mediated liver diseases.
### Instruction: Is motor development in 3-month-old healthy term-born infants associated with cognitive and behavioural outcomes at early school age? ### Response:
Detailed aspects of motor development at 3 months of age are associated with cognition and behaviour, but not with motor outcome, in healthy children at early school age. Our findings suggest that early motor development may be the basis for later cognitive and behavioural performance. Since the associations were only moderate, possible environmental influences should be acknowledged.
### Instruction: Do serine proteases and protease-activated receptor 2 mediate the proinflammatory and algesic actions of diverse stimulants? ### Response:
Diverse proinflammatory and algesic agents activate melagatran-sensitive serine proteases that cause inflammation and pain by a PAR2-mediated mechanism. By inducing self-activating proteases, PAR2 amplifies and sustains inflammation and pain. Serine protease inhibitors can attenuate the inflammatory and algesic effects of diverse stimuli, representing a useful therapeutic strategy.
### Instruction: Does taurine supplementation decrease homocysteine levels and liver injury induced by a choline-deficient diet? ### Response:
Taurine supplementation failed to ameliorate impaired Hcy metabolism and liver injury caused by CDD intake.
### Instruction: Is nighttime ambulatory blood pressure associated with atrial remodelling and neurohormonal activation in patients with idiopathic atrial fibrillation? ### Response:
Nighttime blood pressure is associated with left atrial size and the release of natriuretic peptides in normotensive patients with idiopathic atrial fibrillation.
### Instruction: Do biomarkers S100B and neuron-specific enolase predict outcome in hypothermia-treated encephalopathic newborns*? ### Response:
Serum S100B and neuron-specific enolase levels in babies with neonatal encephalopathy are associated with neurodevelopmental outcome at 15 months. These putative biomarkers of brain injury may help direct care during therapeutic hypothermia.
### Instruction: Is vasoactive-inotropic score associated with outcome after infant cardiac surgery : an analysis from the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium and Virtual PICU System Registries? ### Response:
Maximum vasoactive-inotropic score calculated in the first 24 hours after cardiac ICU admission was strongly and significantly associated with morbidity and mortality in this multi-institutional cohort of infants undergoing cardiac surgery. Maximum vasoactive-inotropic score more than or equal to 20 predicts an increased likelihood of a poor composite clinical outcome. The findings were consistent in stratified analyses by age and surgical complexity.
### Instruction: Does the extent of the perihemorrhagic perfusion zone correlate with hematoma volume in patients with lobar intracerebral hemorrhage? ### Response:
Our findings illustrate that the extent of the PHZ cannot be generally assumed to be constant in size and that this differs significantly following hematoma reduction in patients with space occupying lobar SICH.
### Instruction: Does high expression of Cullin1 indicate poor prognosis for NSCLC patients? ### Response:
These data suggested that Cullin1 might promote the progression of NSCLC and be a biotarget for NSCLC's therapy.
### Instruction: Does nanoencapsulation in lipid-core nanocapsules control mometasone furoate skin permeability rate and its penetration to the deeper skin layers? ### Response:
This formulation is suitable for prolonged treatment of skin disorders which should avoid systemic absorption.
### Instruction: Does quality improvement intervention reduce episodes of long-term acute care hospital central line-associated infections? ### Response:
The decision was made to implement the revised bathing protocol throughout the entire LTACH hospital stay.
### Instruction: Do a system for context-aware intraoperative augmented reality in dental implant surgery? ### Response:
The system allowed the surgeon to fully concentrate on the surgery itself. It offered greater flexibility since the surgeon received all relevant information, but was free to deviate from it. Accuracy of the realized implants remains an open issue and part of future work.
### Instruction: Does remote ischemic preconditioning differentially affect NADPH oxidase isoforms during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion? ### Response:
Remote IPC limited the IR-induced microcirculatory dysfunction, but the protective effect did not affect all NOX homologs (at least not NOX4). The residual damage and inflammatory activation could well be linked to the unchanging NOX4 activity.
### Instruction: Is native arterio-venous fistula the vascular access of choice for hemodialysis in end stage renal disease? ### Response:
We concluded that Arterialised arm superficial veins after primary AV fistula was the optimal and rational vascular access for hemodialysis providing adequate blood flow during this process. Besides, failure of primary AV fistula should be replaced by secondary AV fistula preferably based on brachial artery.
### Instruction: Does renal excretion of fluoride after fluoride mouth rinse in children? ### Response:
After the use of a fluoride mouthwash, in children, there is a statistically significant increase of fluoride ion in urine, which can be attributed to the application of this product.
### Instruction: Does pathologic heterogeneity persist in early active multiple sclerosis lesions? ### Response:
These findings continue to support the concept of patient-dependent immunopathological heterogeneity in early MS and suggest that the mechanisms and targets of tissue injury may differ among patient subgroups. These observations have potentially significant implications for individualized therapeutic approaches.
### Instruction: Are progranulin protein levels differently regulated in plasma and CSF? ### Response:
While some correlation exists between plasma and CSF PGRN, age, sex, and genetic factors differently affect PGRN levels. Therefore, caution should be taken when using plasma PGRN to predict PGRN changes in the brain. These findings further highlight that plasma PGRN levels may not accurately predict clinical features or response to future frontotemporal lobar degeneration therapies.
### Instruction: Does peer passenger influence on male adolescent drivers ' visual scanning behavior during simulated driving? ### Response:
The presence of a male peer passenger was associated with a reduction in the visual scanning range of male adolescent drivers. This reduction could be a result of potential cognitive load imposed on the driver due to the presence of a passenger and the real or perceived normative influences or expectations from the passenger.
### Instruction: Is hAGE ( DDX43 ) a biomarker for poor prognosis and a predictor of chemotherapy response in breast cancer? ### Response:
This is the first report to show HAGE to be a potential prognostic marker and a predictor of response to ACT in patients with BC.
### Instruction: Does intrathecal antagonism of microglial TLR4 reduce inflammatory damage to blood-spinal cord barrier following ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats? ### Response:
The results indicate that compromised BSCB caused by I/R injury lead to spinal microglial activation and TLR4, its membrane-bound receptor, up-regulation, which then initiate neuro-inflammation and neuro-apoptosis via NF-κB/ IL-1β pathway. To inhibit the positive feedback loop of TLR4-microglia-NF-κB/ IL-1β pathway by minocycline, TAK-242 (TLR4 inhibitor) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, NF-κB inhibitor) may provide new targets for treating I/R injury in clinic.
### Instruction: Does clinical presentation and disease course of inflammatory bowel disease differ by race in a large tertiary care hospital? ### Response:
We identified significant differences in disease characteristics and extraintestinal manifestations between AA and Ca IBD patients in a large tertiary care population. These results have implications for future genotype-phenotype studies.
### Instruction: Are withanolides potent novel targeted therapeutic agents against adrenocortical carcinomas? ### Response:
These results demonstrate the first evidence of the anticancer efficacy of withanolides in ACC cells and provide support for future translational evaluation of these compounds as novel therapeutic agents for ACC patients.
### Instruction: Do mesenchymal stem cells regulate airway contractile tissue remodeling in murine experimental asthma? ### Response:
Therapeutic mesenchymal stem cell infusion in murine experimental asthma is free of unwanted pro-remodeling effects and ameliorates airway hyper-responsiveness and contractile tissue remodeling. These outcomes support furthering the development of mesenchymal stem cell-based asthma therapies, although caution and solid preclinical data building are warranted.
### Instruction: Is vEGF , VEGFR3 , and PDGFRB protein expression influenced by RAS mutations in medullary thyroid carcinoma? ### Response:
This is the first study identifying that the expression of TKI targets differs according to the presence of RAS mutations in MTC. This information could potentially be used to select the most beneficial TKI treatment for these patients.
### Instruction: Are adverse drug events a major cause of acute medical admission? ### Response:
ADE are a common cause of hospital admission. The most frequent problems are postural hypotension and vasovagal syncope, intentional drug misuse and dehydration.
### Instruction: Do clinical experience with 3-dimensional surface matching-based deep inspiration breath hold for left-sided breast cancer radiation therapy? ### Response:
The DIBH patient setup appears to provide a fairly reproducible degree of cardiac sparing with random uncertainties of ≈ 0.2 cm. The treatment durations are clinically acceptable and appear not to change significantly over time on an intrapatient basis, and to improve over time on an interpatient basis.
### Instruction: Is elevated serum androstenedione associated with a more severe phenotype in women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS )? ### Response:
Increased serum Δ4A levels, which are associated with more severe PCOS phenotypes, possibly contribute to the worsening of PCOS features and therefore could be a valuable marker of biochemical hyperandrogenemia.
### Instruction: Does [ Glycyrrhizin inhibit human neutrophil elastase-induced mucin 5AC overproduction in human bronchial epithelial cells ]? ### Response:
Glycyrrhizin can inhibit MUC5AC overproduction via p38-NF-κB p65/IκBα signaling pathway.
### Instruction: Does laparoscopic hernia complexity predict operative time and length of stay? ### Response:
LVHR is safe with a low incidence of perioperative complications. Patients with multiple, larger and recurrent hernias have longer operative times and LOS. This information can be used to guide preoperative planning for the patient, surgeon and treating institution.
### Instruction: Do bioactive chitosan nanoparticles and photodynamic therapy inhibit collagen degradation in vitro? ### Response:
Combined photochemical cross-linking of rat tail collagen by PDT and binding to CSnp inhibit collagenolytic activity.
### Instruction: Is acquisition of conditioned eyeblink responses modulated by cerebellar tDCS? ### Response:
Acquisition and timing of conditioned eyeblink responses is modified by cerebellar tDCS in a polarity dependent manner.
### Instruction: Does lung cancer stigma predict timing of medical help-seeking behavior? ### Response:
FINDINGS suggest that stigma influences medical help-seeking behavior for lung cancer symptoms, serving as a barrier to prompt medical help-seeking behavior.
### Instruction: Does polymerase I and transcript release factor act as an essential modulator of glioblastoma chemoresistance? ### Response:
Our results indicate that PTRF acts as a modulator in GBM chemoresistance.
### Instruction: Is complement factor 3 associated with insulin resistance and with incident type 2 diabetes over a 7-year follow-up period : the CODAM Study? ### Response:
Changes in C3 were associated with changes in several measures of IR and may reflect progression of metabolic dysregulation, which eventually leads to abnormalities in glucose tolerance and T2DM.
### Instruction: Do rapid chemical characterisation of stilbenes in the root bark of Norway spruce by off-line HPLC/DAD-NMR? ### Response:
The off-line HPLC/DAD-NMR method is expedient for the unambiguous identication of structurally similar stilbenes in plant extracts.
### Instruction: Is self-reported depression increasing among socio-economically disadvantaged adolescents - repeated cross-sectional surveys from Finland from 2000 to 2011? ### Response:
The largest increases in prevalence of severe depression are seen among socio-economically disadvantaged adolescents. This suggests that inequalities in mental health may become an increasing concern.
### Instruction: Is lower mortality rate in people with dementia associated with better cognitive and functional performance in an outpatient cohort? ### Response:
Three-year mortality rates are dependent on baseline functional and cognitive status.
### Instruction: Is a genetic variant in primary miR-378 associated with risk and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese population? ### Response:
These findings indicate that rs1076064 may be a biomarker for HCC susceptibility and prognosis through altering pri-miR-378 transcription.
### Instruction: Does expression microarray identify the unliganded glucocorticoid receptor as a regulator of gene expression in mammary epithelial cells? ### Response:
This work presents the first identification of targets of unliganded GR. We propose that the balance between targets of liganded and unliganded GR signaling is responsible for controlling differentiation and apoptosis, respectively, and suggest that gene regulation by unliganded GR may represent a mechanism for reducing the risk of breast tumourigenesis by the elimination of abnormal cells.
### Instruction: Is gSTP1 promoter methylation associated with recurrence in early stage prostate cancer? ### Response:
Greater GSTP1 promoter methylation in cancer tissue was independently associated with the risk of recurrence in patients with early prostate cancer. This suggests that GSTP1 promoter methylation may be a potential tissue based recurrence marker.
### Instruction: Does functional magnetic resonance imaging during urodynamic testing identify brain structures initiating micturition? ### Response:
Our study is one of the first reports of brain activation centers associated with micturition initiation in normal healthy females. Results show activation of a brain network consisting of regions for motor control, executive function and emotion processing. Further studies are planned to create and validate a model of brain activity during normal voiding in women.
### Instruction: Is hIC2 a novel dosage-dependent regulator of cardiac development located within the distal 22q11 deletion syndrome region? ### Response:
Our results demonstrate a novel role for Hic2 in cardiac development. Hic2 is the first gene within the distal 22q11 interval to have a demonstrated haploinsufficient cardiac phenotype in mice. Together our data suggest that HIC2 haploinsufficiency likely contributes to the cardiac defects seen in distal 22q11 deletion syndrome.
### Instruction: Does cD3 antibody and IL-2 complex combination therapy inhibit atherosclerosis by augmenting a regulatory immune response? ### Response:
Our results indicate that in addition to suppressing Teff responses, enhancing Treg-mediated immune responses is more efficacious in preventing atherosclerosis, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis.
### Instruction: Is gATA5 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in the ascending aorta related to aortic size and valve morphology? ### Response:
Our data suggest that GATA5, possibly through upregulation of eNOS, plays a role in the development of aortic dilatation in patients with unicuspid and bicuspid aortic valves. The differential gene expression in patients with unicuspid compared with bicuspid aortic valves suggests that the pathogenesis of both aortic valve anomalies may be different.
### Instruction: Does modulation of imidazoline I2 binding sites by CR4056 relieve postoperative hyperalgesia in male and female rats? ### Response:
CR4056 is a novel pharmacological agent under development for postoperative pain both as stand-alone treatment and in association with morphine. CR4056 has successfully completed Phase I studies for tolerability and pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers, and is currently entering the first proof-of-concept study in patients.
### Instruction: Does the HeartShield device reduce the risk for right ventricular damage in patients with deep sternal wound infection? ### Response:
The use of the HeartShield device significantly minimizes the contact between the right ventricle and the sternal edges, thereby decreasing the risk for life-threatening complications due to bleeding.
### Instruction: Does the tissue Doppler imaging derived post-systolic velocity notch originate at the aortic annulus? ### Response:
The AA represents the site of the earliest onset and maximal amplitude of the PSN on the longitudinal velocity curve suggesting its mechanism to be that of an energy release at the instant of the aortic valve closure causing an apically directed acceleration of the myocardium. A substantial number of healthy subjects exhibit a second PSN spike predominantly at the level of the AA. Its mechanism remains to be elucidated.
### Instruction: Is guideline-concordant administration of prothrombin complex concentrate and vitamin K associated with decreased mortality in patients with severe bleeding under vitamin K antagonist treatment ( EPAHK study )? ### Response:
Guideline-concordant VKA reversal with PCC and vitamin K within eight hours after admission was associated with a significant decrease in seven-day mortality.
### Instruction: Does hyperhomocysteinemia independently cause and promotes atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice? ### Response:
Homocysteinemia accelerates atherosclerotic lesions and induces early atherosclerosis independently in LDLr(-/-) mice. Reducing the level of homocysteinemia may be beneficial for prevention and treatment of CHD.
### Instruction: Does pEG-IFN alpha but not ribavirin alter NK cell phenotype and function in patients with chronic hepatitis C? ### Response:
PEG-IFNa activates NK cells possibly contributing to virological responses independently of RBV. The role of NK cells during future IFN-free combination therapies including RBV remains to be determined.
### Instruction: Are artemisinin-based combination therapies efficacious and safe for treatment of uncomplicated malaria in HIV-infected Ugandan children? ### Response:
Treatment of uncomplicated malaria with AL or DP was efficacious and safe in HIV-infected children taking ART. However, there was a high risk of recurrent parasitemia following AL treatment, which was significantly lower in children taking LPV/r-based ART compared with nevirapine-based ART.
### Instruction: Does hematuria duration predict kidney function at 1 year in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis? ### Response:
In ANCA-GN, hematuria duration does not predict eGFR at 1 year. Our findings provide support that among individuals who are otherwise considered to be in clinical remission, the persistence of hematuria should not delay transition from induction to maintenance immunosuppression.
### Instruction: Does sUMOylation of Grb2 enhance the ERK activity by increasing its binding with Sos1? ### Response:
Our results provide evidences that Grb2 is SUMOylated in vivo and this modification enhances ERK activities via increasing the formation of Grb2-Sos1 complex, and may consequently promote cell motility, transformation and tumorigenesis.
### Instruction: Does gender modify the effects of education and income on sleep quality of the patients with coronary artery disease? ### Response:
Among female but not male patients with CAD, low education and income were associated with poor sleep quality. This information helps us better understand the mechanisms behind the poor sleep quality of the female patients with CAD. This is important because poor sleep is a prognostic factor among the CAD patients.
### Instruction: Does human cardiac extracellular matrix support myocardial lineage commitment of pluripotent stem cells? ### Response:
Human cardiac ECM seems to direct differentiation of pluripotent stem cells towards a cardiomyocyte phenotype. This phenomenon supports the use of cardiac ECM preparations for guided stem cell differentiation and myocardial repair, and may ultimately increase the therapeutic efficacy of cell therapy in heart failure patients.
### Instruction: Is 14-3-3η a novel mediator associated with the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and joint damage? ### Response:
Extracellular 14-3-3η activates key signalling cascades and induces factors associated with the pathogenesis of RA at concentrations found in patients with RA, and its expression is higher in patients with radiographic damage and RA progression.
### Instruction: Does early sac shrinkage predict a low risk of late complications after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair? ### Response:
Early change in aneurysm sac diameter is a strong predictor of late complications after EVAR. Patients with major sac shrinkage have a very low risk of complications for up to 5 years. This parameter may be used to tailor postoperative surveillance.
### Instruction: Does stigma predict residential treatment length for substance use disorder? ### Response:
These results are consistent with other findings suggesting that people with higher self-stigma may have a lowered sense of self-efficacy and heightened fear of being stigmatized and therefore retreat into more protected settings such as residential treatment, potentially resulting in higher treatment costs. Specialized clinical interventions may be necessary to help participants cope with reduced self-efficacy and fear of being stigmatized.
### Instruction: Does standardizing corneal nerve fibre length for nerve tortuosity increase its association with measures of diabetic neuropathy? ### Response:
Standardizing corneal nerve fibre length for tortuosity enhances the ability to differentiate individuals with diabetes, with and without neuropathy.
### Instruction: Is allodynia associated with a higher prevalence of depression in migraine patients? ### Response:
This study identified allodynia, in addition to high migraine attack frequency, as a new migraine-specific factor associated with depression.
### Instruction: Does tissue factor predict response to chemotherapy in esophageal cancer? ### Response:
TF expression levels in pretreatment biopsy samples are useful for predicting response to NACT in advanced esophageal cancer. Further studies of mechanisms underlying the relationship between TF expression and chemosensitivity are needed.
### Instruction: Are the Randomized Olmesartan and Diabetes Microalbuminuria Prevention ( ROADMAP ) observational follow-up study : benefits of RAS blockade with olmesartan treatment sustained after study discontinuation? ### Response:
Development of microalbuminuria is a valid marker for future CV events. RAS blockade with Olmesartan might cause sustained reduction (legacy effect) of micro- and macrovascular events.
### Instruction: Is nuclear localization of a1A-adrenergic receptors required for signaling in cardiac myocytes : an “ inside-out ” a1-AR signaling pathway? ### Response:
Together, our data identify a novel, “inside-out” nuclear a1A-subtype/PKCd/cTnI-signaling pathway that regulates contractile function in adult cardiac myocytes. Importantly, these data help resolve the discrepancy between nuclear localization of a1-ARs and a1-AR-mediated physiologic function.
### Instruction: Does activation of mTOR contribute to foam cell formation in the radial arteries of patients with end-stage renal disease? ### Response:
Inflammation contributed to foam cell formation in the radial arteries of ESRD patients via the dysregulation of the LDLr pathway, which could be modulated by the activation of the mTOR pathway.
### Instruction: Are nitric oxide , IL-6 and IL-13 increased in the exhaled breath condensates of children with allergic rhinitis? ### Response:
Despite local application, the intranasal allergen challenge increased IL-13/EBC concentration in the AR children. As EBC reflects the status of lower airway segments, our observation may support the 'united airways' hypothesis, suggesting a functional link between the upper and lower airways.
### Instruction: Are human placenta-derived neurospheres susceptible to transformation after extensive in vitro expansion? ### Response:
We have developed a cancer stem cell model starting from normal human stem cells derived from amniotic and chorionic placenta membranes. These cells are able to differentiate into neural cell lineages and to undergo spontaneous transformations and acquire an NB-like phenotype.
### Instruction: Are hDGF and ADAM9 novel molecular staging biomarkers , prognostic biomarkers and predictive biomarkers for adjuvant chemotherapy in surgically resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer? ### Response:
These results clearly demonstrate that ADAM9 high expression is correlated positively and significantly with HDGF high expression, which provides essential evidence for the novel HDGF-ADAM9 pathway, through which HDGF promotes invasion and metastasis of NSCLC cells; HDGF and ADAM9 are novel molecular staging biomarkers, prognostic biomarkers, which might become useful predictive biomarkers for the selection of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy treatment in surgically resected stage I NSCLC.
### Instruction: Do brain reserve and cognitive reserve protect against cognitive decline over 4.5 years in MS? ### Response:
We provide longitudinal support for theories of brain reserve and cognitive reserve in MS. Larger MLBG protects against decline in cognitive efficiency, and greater intellectual enrichment protects against decline in cognitive efficiency and memory. Consideration of these protective factors should improve prediction of future cognitive decline in patients with MS.
### Instruction: Is perilipin-5 regulated by statins and controls triglyceride contents in the hepatocyte? ### Response:
PLIN5 is a physiological regulator of triglyceride metabolism in the liver, and likely contributes to the pleiotropic effects of statins.
### Instruction: Are sTI patients effective recruiters of undiagnosed cases of HIV : results of a social contact recruitment study in Malawi? ### Response:
Social contact recruitment by newly diagnosed STI patients efficiently led to new HIV diagnoses. Research to replicate findings and guide implementation is needed.
### Instruction: Does endocardial focal activation originating from Purkinje fibers play a role in the maintenance of long duration ventricular fibrillation? ### Response:
Repetitive endocardial focal activations in the LV endocardium may be associated with activation of subendocardial PFs. This mechanism may play an important role in the maintenance of LDVF.
### Instruction: Does molecular profiling of contact dermatitis skin identify allergen-dependent differences in immune response? ### Response:
Our study offers new insights into the pathogenesis of ACD, expanding the understanding of T-cell activation and associated cytokines in allergen-reactive tissues. It is the first study that defines the common transcriptome of clinically relevant sensitizers in human skin and identifies unique pathways preferentially activated by different allergens, suggesting that ACD cannot be considered a single entity.
### Instruction: Does implementing goal-directed protocols reduce length of stay after cardiac surgery? ### Response:
A milestone-driven pathway supported by team rounding was associated with decreased lengths of CVICU and hospital stay. However, tracking patient trajectories by milestones suggests a more complex relationship than anticipated and presents new opportunities for SREBP implementation and research.
### Instruction: Does mesenteric lymph diversion abrogate 5-lipoxygenase activation in the kidney following trauma and hemorrhagic shock? ### Response:
5-LO and FLAP colocalize in the interstitium of the renal medulla following T/HS. MLD attenuates this phenomenon, which coincides with pathologic changes seen in tubules during kidney injury and biochemical evidence of AKI. These data suggest that gut-derived leukotriene substrate predisposes the kidney and the lung to subsequent injury.