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### Instruction:
Does higher bypass temperature correlate with increased white cell activation in the cerebral microcirculation?
### Response:
| Leukocyte activation in cerebral microcirculation is increased with higher temperature and lower flow rate, suggesting that these variables influence the inflammatory response during cardiopulmonary bypass. |
### Instruction:
Is the frequency of peptic ulcer as a cause of upper-GI bleeding exaggerated?
### Response:
| The frequency of peptic ulcer in patients with upper-GI bleeding and the proportion of bleeding ulcers with a non-bleeding visible vessel are less than previously reported. |
### Instruction:
Does cerebral venous flow velocity predict poor outcome in subarachnoid hemorrhage?
### Response:
| Increased ICP values correlate with increased venous flow velocities. In SAH, increased ICP and increased venous flow velocities are associated with poor outcome. Flow velocity of the transversal sinus is a highly sensitive, reliable, and early predictor of outcome in SAH. |
### Instruction:
Is a2 alelle of GpIIIa gene a risk factor for stroke caused by large-vessel disease in males?
### Response:
| A2 allele of the GpIIIa gene is an independent risk factor for LVD stroke in males. |
### Instruction:
Does lower platelet count in healthy centenarians correlate with dispersion of the QT interval?
### Response:
| We hypothesize that a reduced number of platelets and the maintenance of normal QTd may contribute to extreme longevity and protect centenarians from cardiovascular events. |
### Instruction:
Does betaxolol stimulate eNOS production associated with LOX-1 and VEGF in Dahl salt-sensitive rats?
### Response:
| These results suggest that cardioprotective effects of betaxolol may stimulate eNOS production associated with VEGF and LOX-1, and inhibit adhesion molecule and signal transduction in DS rats. |
### Instruction:
Is reduced expression of metastasis suppressor RhoGDI2 associated with decreased survival for patients with bladder cancer?
### Response:
| These results suggest that RhoGDI2 is an independent predictor of prognosis for patients with bladder cancer and provide clinical evidence in support of its involvement in cancer metastasis. |
### Instruction:
Is plasma concentration of urotensin II raised in hypertension?
### Response:
| Plasma urotensin II was raised in hypertensive patients compared to normotensive controls, and was directly related to systolic blood pressure. Our findings raise the possibility that urotensin II may have an aetiological role in hypertension and its complications. |
### Instruction:
Is visceral adiposity an independent predictor of incident hypertension in Japanese Americans?
### Response:
| It is not known whether these results pertain to other ethnic groups. |
### Instruction:
Do functional and morphological skeletal muscle abnormalities correlate with reduced electromyographic activity in chronic heart failure?
### Response:
| Our findings demonstrate an impaired electromyographic activity and muscular function in patients with CHF suggesting a new pathomechanism contributing to functional abnormalities of the skeletal muscle in advanced stages of this disease. |
### Instruction:
Is simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation improved by living kidney donation program?
### Response:
| LKD expanded the kidney donor pool, reduced the waiting time of recipients listed for a totally cadaveric procedure, and increased their chance to get a timely graft. One-year outcome of SPLKTx equaled that of SPKTx. |
### Instruction:
Is local expression of the serum amyloid A and formyl peptide receptor-like 1 genes in synovial tissue associated with matrix metalloproteinase production in patients with inflammatory arthritis?
### Response:
| The up-regulation of the A-SAA and FPRL1 genes in inflamed synovial tissue suggests an important role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory arthritis. A-SAA induces the production of MMPs. Therapeutic targeting of A-SAA, or FPRL1, may modulate pathophysiologic pathways that are associated with matrix degradation in patients with RA and other forms of progressive inflammatory arthritis. |
### Instruction:
Does ascorbic acid increase the severity of spontaneous knee osteoarthritis in a guinea pig model?
### Response:
| Ascorbic acid has been shown to activate latent TGF beta. Prolonged intraarticular exposure to TGF beta has been shown to cause OA-like changes. We found expression of active TGF beta in osteophytes, a prominent feature of the joint histology seen in association with ascorbic acid treatment. Thus, the deleterious effects of prolonged ascorbic acid exposure may be mediated in part by TGF beta. This worsening of OA with ascorbic acid supplementation suggests that ascorbic acid intake should not be supplemented above the currently recommended dietary allowance (90 mg/day for men and 75 mg/day for women). |
### Instruction:
Is subclinical atherosclerosis increased in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria evaluated by intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity?
### Response:
| A slight elevation of albuminuria is a significant determinant of IMT and PWV independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients with no clinical nephropathy or any vascular diseases. This significant association might point to a link in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy. |
### Instruction:
Does edaravone inhibit acute renal injury and cyst formation in cisplatin-treated rat kidney?
### Response:
| These results indicate that edaravone may have therapeutic potential for inhibiting the acute and chronic injury of the kidney induced by cisplatin. |
### Instruction:
Does leptin receptor expression on T lymphocytes modulate chronic intestinal inflammation in mice?
### Response:
| These results suggest that leptin affects the immune response, partly by acting on the long isoform of its receptor expressed on T lymphocytes. |
### Instruction:
Are direct effects of recombinant human endostatin on tumor cell IL-8 production associated with increased endothelial cell apoptosis in an orthotopic model of human pancreatic cancer?
### Response:
| rhES downregulated IL-8 levels and induced endothelial cell apoptosis in the more aggressive cell line in a xenograft model of pancreatic cancer. Nonetheless, these effects were not sufficient to produce significant inhibition of tumor growth. |
### Instruction:
Does engineered FGF-2 expression induce glandular epithelial hyperplasia in the murine prostatic dorsal lobe?
### Response:
| In conclusion, FGF-2 transgenic mice under the control of rat probasin promoter showed simple epithelial hyperplasia in glands of the prostatic dorsal lobe and glandular enlargement without epithelial growth in the prostatic ventral lobe. |
### Instruction:
Do delayed visual loss after pars plana vitrectomy for retained lens fragments?
### Response:
| Patients undergoing vitrectomy for retained lens fragments often develop delayed visual loss. Long-term surveillance is necessary in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Do beta-blockers prevent subacute recurrences of persistent atrial fibrillation only in patients with hypertension?
### Response:
| Compared with lone AF patients, patients in the setting of hypertension maintain sinus rhythm much better after cardioversion when treated with a beta-blocker. Beta-blockade protects, in particular, against the early subacute recurrences. These findings underscore the importance of a differential approach towards drug prevention of post-cardioversion recurrences depending on the underlying heart disease. |
### Instruction:
Do serotonin and vasoactive intestinal peptide antagonists attenuate rotavirus diarrhoea?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that the neurotransmitters serotonin and VIP are involved in rotavirus diarrhoea; observations that could imply new principles for treatment of this disease with significant global impact. |
### Instruction:
Is sentinel lymph node biopsy performed under local anesthesia feasible?
### Response:
| SLN biopsy can be safely and adequately performed with the patient under LA. It allows early diagnosis of the lymph node status, acquired on an outpatient basis, with minimal discomfort to the patient. The learning curve demonstrated that the LA procedure can quickly be mastered if the surgeon is experienced in performing SLN biopsies. |
### Instruction:
Is nitric oxide synthase expression increased by occlusal force in rat periodontal ligament?
### Response:
| Occlusal force resulted in increased NOS expression. NO may mediate changes in PDL structure in response to occlusal force. |
### Instruction:
Does resection rectopexy for internal rectal intussusception reduce constipation and incomplete evacuation of stool?
### Response:
| Rectopexy with sigmoid resection resulted in improvement in symptoms, including constipation and feeling of incomplete rectal evacuation, and acceptable morbidity. |
### Instruction:
Does tranexamic acid given into the wound reduce postoperative blood loss by half in major orthopaedic surgery?
### Response:
| Tranexamic acid applied in the wound inhibits blood loss by up to a half in major orthopaedic surgery probably because it prevents excessive fibrinolysis. |
### Instruction:
Do [ The change of the erythrocyte chemokine receptor binding activity in the shock stage of burn rats ]?
### Response:
| The ECKR binding activity declined significantly after burn, suggesting erythrocytes may participate in the regulation of chemokines and play some role in the inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Does heme-oxygenase-1 expression correlate with severity of acute cellular rejection in lung transplantation?
### Response:
| Similar to what occurs in human lung transplantation, HO-1 expression is increased in a rodent lung transplant model of ACR and correlates with the severity of rejection. Altering its expression does not appear to affect the degree of ACR. |
### Instruction:
Is habituation of acoustic startle disrupted by psychotomimetic drugs : differential dependence on dopaminergic and nitric oxide modulatory mechanisms?
### Response:
| The finding that PCP, MK-801 and D-AMP impair habituation in mice is consistent with the idea that these treatments model certain filter deficits seen in schizophrenic patients. Furthermore, the present results suggest that NO is critically involved in these effects on habituation, whereas that of dopamine is less clear. |
### Instruction:
Does basic fibroblast growth factor mediate carotid plaque instability through metalloproteinase-2 and -9 expression?
### Response:
| bFGF seems to exert a key role in carotid plaque instability regulating the activity, production and expression of MMP thus altering the physiologic homeostasis of the carotid plaque. |
### Instruction:
Is the Bacillus secretion stress response an indicator for alpha-amylase production levels?
### Response:
| Our observations show that the secretion stress response can serve as an indicator for alpha-amylase production levels. |
### Instruction:
Is retinal degeneration delayed by tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 in RCS rats and a sodium-iodate-induced model in rabbits?
### Response:
| Intravitreal injection of TFPI-2 rescues SI-induced retinal degeneration in rabbits and naturally occurring retinal degeneration in RCS rats at least partly. These results may suggest that this compound can be utilized in the treatment of retinal degeneration. |
### Instruction:
Are angiotensinogen promoter haplotypes associated with blood pressure in untreated hypertensives?
### Response:
| Our results designate the C-532T and G-6A as the best candidates for functional studies on the AGT gene. Haplotype-based analyses should greatly aid in the dissection of the genetic basis of complex traits, such as BP regulation and hypertension. |
### Instruction:
Does the Proview phosphene tonometer fail to measure ocular pressure accurately in clinical practice?
### Response:
| The Proview instrument and technique were reproducible. However, the Proview tonometer seems not to be reliable as an indicator of IOP. The sensitivity for detecting high IOP was low in this cohort, and the agreement with Goldmann applanation was poor for some individuals. This brings into question the underlying assumption that a force proportional to the IOP generates phosphenes. |
### Instruction:
Does unilateral photorefractive keratectomy for myopic anisometropia improve contrast sensitivity?
### Response:
| The adult central visual system is sensitive to visual deprivation caused by anisometropia. Imbalance between eyes may improve visual performance in the more emmetropic eye. Anisometropia appears to reduce visual performance in the more myopic eye, but this can probably be reversed by refractive correction. |
### Instruction:
Does macrophage migration inhibitory factor deficiency impair atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice?
### Response:
| Deficiency of MIF reduces atherogenesis in LDLr-/- mice. These results provide novel insight into inflammatory pathways operating in atheromata and identify a new potential target for modulating atherogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Is the absolute risk of recurrent myocardial infarction similar amongst both sexes : MONICA Iceland Study 1981-1999?
### Response:
| The absolute risk of MI is closely similar amongst both sexes and has decreased similarly suggesting that the same kind of secondary intervention is effective amongst both sexes in a general population. |
### Instruction:
Do preprocedural inflammatory markers predict restenosis after successful coronary stenting?
### Response:
| Preprocedural inflammatory markers in stable angina subjects undergoing coronary artery stent deployment did not correlate with the development of in-stent restenosis. Differences in pathobiology between stable and unstable coronary syndromes, the widespread use of statins with anti-inflammatory activity in our cohort of patients, along with different mechanisms underlying the early angiographic appearances of restenosis as compared to clinical end points, most likely explain our findings. |
### Instruction:
Does 17 beta-estradiol regulate cytokine release through modulation of CD16 expression in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages?
### Response:
| Estrogen can modulate proinflammatory cytokine release from activated monocytes and/or macrophages, in part through modulation of CD16 expression. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Cardiac protection a clinical evidence ]?
### Response:
| Treatment with sevoflurane before coronary occlusion seem effective in reducing functional myocardial impairment due to ischemia. |
### Instruction:
Does source of tryptone in growth medium affect oxidative stress resistance in Escherichia coli?
### Response:
| Depending on the source of tryptone, bacteria may experience different levels of oxidative stress in tryptone-containing nonselective growth media. Although these levels of oxidative stress are subinhibitory, they may trigger a stress response that makes the bacteria more resistant to a subsequent exposure to a lethal or inhibitory level of oxidative stress. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Enhancement of the bystander effect by tanshinone IIA in HSV-tK/GCV system related to expression of connexin 43 mRNA ]?
### Response:
| For the first time we report that in cervical carcinoma ME180 cell line, Tan possesses a remarkable enhancing role on the bystander effect in the HSV-tK/GCV system. It is associated with up-regulation of Cx43 mRNA expression. |
### Instruction:
Does music alter constitutively expressed opiate and cytokine processes in listeners?
### Response:
| Taken together, it appears that music-listeners exhibit plasma signal molecule changes consistent with the physiological changes associated with the reported actions of music, i.e, lower blood pressure. |
### Instruction:
Are [ HUP98-HOXA9 transgenic mice susceptible to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea stimulation in leukemogenesis ]?
### Response:
| The fusion gene expressed in BM cells of NUP98-HOXA9 transgenic mice. It seems that the expression of the fusion gene is insufficient to trigger leukemogenesis. However, the increased susceptibility to ENU mutagenesis suggests that NUP98-HOXA9 fusion gene might play a potential role in leukemogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Do vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 and receptor-2 initiate a phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase-dependent clonogenic response in acute myeloid leukemia cells?
### Response:
| These data indicate that VEGF interaction with either VEGFR-1 or VEGFR-2 initiates a clonogenic response in AML cells that is PI3-kinase dependent. RTK inhibitors with broad specificity for angiogenic receptors represent novel therapeutics that merit further clinical investigation in AML. |
### Instruction:
Do n-glycans of human amniotic fluid transferrin stimulate progesterone production in human first trimester trophoblast cells in vitro?
### Response:
| The results suggest that amnion-transferrin and especially its N-glycans modulate the endocrine function of trophoblasts in culture by up regulating progesterone secretion. |
### Instruction:
Do signaling pathways weigh in on decisions to make or break skeletal muscle?
### Response:
| Recent cell culture and animal studies have provided insight on the mechanisms by which Akt, myostatin, and NF-kappaB signaling pathways regulate muscle size. Clinical intervention to boost Akt signaling or modulate myostatin and NF-kappaB activities may prove useful in diseases associated with chronic muscle wasting. |
### Instruction:
Is vigorous exercise training associated with prevalence of ventricular arrhythmias in elderly athletes?
### Response:
| These finding indicate that in elderly, otherwise healthy, athletes vigorous training even to competition does not result in a greater incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, although caution should be made for a careful preparticipation evaluation. |
### Instruction:
Does the lateral recumbent head-down position decrease the incidence of epidural venous puncture during catheter insertion in obese parturients?
### Response:
| Adoption of the lateral recumbent head-down position for the performance of lumbar epidural blockade, in labour at term, reduces the incidence of lumbar epidural venous puncture in these obese parturients. |
### Instruction:
Are most critically ill patients perceived to die in comfort during withdrawal of life support : a Canadian multicentre study?
### Response:
| Most patients were perceived by family members to die in comfort during a withdrawal of LS. Perceptions of patient comfort and drug use in the hours before death were not associated with the mode or sequence of withdrawal of LS, or the time to death. |
### Instruction:
Are [ Continuous Svo2 measurements and co-oximetry interchangeable immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass ]?
### Response:
| Our results demonstrate that, in the immediate aftermath of cardiopulmonary bypass, the continuous measurement of SvO(2) and the co-oxymetry determination of mixed blood is not inter-changeable. Other studies will be necessary to confirm these results and enable us to understand the pathophysiological phenomena accounting for the lack of agreement between the two methods. |
### Instruction:
Do contemporary anesthesia ventilators incur a significant `` oxygen cost ''?
### Response:
| Machine-driven mechanical ventilation incurs a significant "oxygen cost." We show that the amount of oxygen consumed by mechanical ventilation with contemporary anesthesia ventilators is influenced by patient-dependent factors and may greatly exceed the amount of oxygen delivered to the patient. |
### Instruction:
Is albumin-coupled methotrexate ( MTX-HSA ) a new anti-arthritic drug which acts synergistically to MTX?
### Response:
| The data show that the effectiveness of MTX-HSA in CIA is superior to MTX and that both drugs act synergistically. In addition, albumin appears to be taken up by peripheral blood cells, suggesting that they might be one of the potential target cells of this novel anti-arthritic treatment approach. |
### Instruction:
Is multiple organ dysfunction during resuscitation postinjury multiple organ failure?
### Response:
| Multiple organ dysfunction during resuscitation is a reversible response to severe injury and often resolves during the resuscitation period. |
### Instruction:
Does excessive carotid in-stent neointimal formation predict late cardiovascular events?
### Response:
| Excessive in-stent neointimal formation after CAS indicates an increased risk for late MACE, potentially reflecting a state of exaggerated vascular reactivity in response to injury. Inflammation, which is associated both with neointimal hyperplasia and MACE, seems a common characteristic of different vascular pathologies. |
### Instruction:
Is nephrotoxicity of platinum complexes related to basolateral organic cation transport?
### Response:
| Toxic effects of platinum complexes on renal epithelia depend on the platinum complex used and the site of application. We conclude that cell polarity and basolateral transport mechanisms are essential in nephrotoxicity of platinum drugs. |
### Instruction:
Is lower leg growth suppression caused by inhaled glucocorticoids accompanied by reduced thickness of the cutis or subcutis?
### Response:
| Short-term lower leg growth suppression induced by inhaled glucocorticoids is not confounded by variations in thickness of cutis or subcutis. The present observations further establishes knemometry as a reliable tool for assessment of the risk of growth suppression of inhaled glucocorticoids in children with asthma. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Evaluation of physiological properties of ankle brace based on a review of the literature ]?
### Response:
| This review of the literature allows to specify the mechanisms involved by brace use in ankle stability. Some studies allow to compare the principal devices used to stabilize the ankle (taping, semi rigid braces) but, no physiological study was able to discriminate between different orthosis models. |
### Instruction:
Does hydralazine treatment alter body composition in the rabbit model of obesity?
### Response:
| Use of hydralazine to control blood pressure alters body composition. Direct or indirect effects of hydralazine may impact physiological systems under study. Alterations in adipose tissue may be of particular concern because of its endocrine function. |
### Instruction:
Does long-term endurance training prevent the age-related decrease in left ventricular relaxation properties?
### Response:
| Our data provide evidence that long-term training does not reduce the age-related decline in LV relaxation properties in humans. This finding implies that other mechanisms, such as increased LV filling pressures due to expanded blood volume, are probably responsible for the higher contribution of early diastolic filling to LV filling in master athletes compared with their sedentary counterparts. However this hypothesis needs to be confirmed. |
### Instruction:
Is glycogen debranching enzyme associated with rat skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum?
### Response:
| These results confirm that similar to glycogen phosphorylase, glycogen debranching enzyme is associated with the skeletal muscle SR and is dissociated under exercise conditions. |
### Instruction:
Does matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor reduce apoptosis induction of bone marrow cells in MDS-RA?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that MMPIs inhibits the apoptosis induction of MDS bone marrow cells via the inhibition of TNF-alpha and probably sFasL secretion, and that MMPIs can be used to control the abnormal induction of apoptosis in MDS. |
### Instruction:
Is the XMAP215-family protein DdCP224 required for cortical interactions of microtubules?
### Response:
| Our data show that XMAP215-like proteins are required for the interaction of microtubule plus ends with the cell cortex in interphase cells and strongly suggest that this function is mediated by dynein. |
### Instruction:
Is in humans , the seasonal variation in poly-unsaturated fatty acids related to the seasonal variation in violent suicide and serotonergic markers of violent suicide?
### Response:
| Our results show that there is a true seasonality in long-chain PUFAs, such as AA, EPA and DHA. The results suggest that the seasonality in PUFAs may be related to the incidence of violent suicide and the expression of the serotonin transporter complex. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Dendritomas play an important role in the activation of anti-tumor immune responses ]?
### Response:
| The strategy of dendritomas effectively activates the anti-tumor MHC-I and MHC-II reactions and promoted the proliferation of T cells. |
### Instruction:
Does pravastatin have an additional depressor effect in patients undergoing long-term treatment with antihypertensive drugs?
### Response:
| It can be concluded that the depressor effect of pravastatin may have an additional benefit in the treatment of hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia without any adverse effect on insulin sensitivity. |
### Instruction:
Are serum levels of a Th1 chemoattractant IP-10 and Th2 chemoattractants , TARC and MDC , elevated in patients with systemic sclerosis?
### Response:
| These results suggest that both Th2 chemoattractants, TARC and MDC, and a Th1 chemoattractant IP-10 play a role in the development of SSc. |
### Instruction:
Are in professional road cyclists , low pedaling cadences less efficient?
### Response:
| In professional road cyclists riding at high PO, GE/economy improves at increasing pedaling cadences. |
### Instruction:
Do effect of gender and defensive opponent on the biomechanics of sidestep cutting?
### Response:
| A simulated defense player causes increased lower limb movements and forces, and should be a useful addition to laboratory protocols for sidestepping. Gender differences in the joint kinematics suggest that increased knee valgus may contribute to ACL injury risk in women, and that the hip and ankle may play an important role in controlling knee valgus during sidestepping. Consideration of the entire lower extremity contributes to an understanding of injury mechanisms and may lead to better training programs for injury prevention. |
### Instruction:
Does knee biomechanics of the support leg in soccer kick from three angles of approach?
### Response:
| Soccer kicks using a high angle of approach increase the medial and posterior GRF, which is indicative of an altered stance during the kick, resulting in an altered balance. Such kicks are accompanied by significant alterations in knee joint kinematics and an increased BF activation around ground contact. Soccer kicks from an angled approach may induce significant loads to knee joint structures of the support leg. |
### Instruction:
Is retailer participation in cigarette company incentive programs related to increased levels of cigarette advertising and cheaper cigarette prices in stores?
### Response:
| Stores that participate in cigarette company incentive programs feature more prominent placement of cigarettes and advertising, and may have cheaper cigarette prices. |
### Instruction:
Does autobiographical memory predict cognitive but not somatic change in sleep apnea patients vulnerable for affective disorder?
### Response:
| Generalizability to other patient populations awaits further research. Reliability of the vulnerability assessment prior to the OSAS onset was not established. |
### Instruction:
Are calcium and Vitamin D increase mRNA levels for the growth control hIK1 channel in human epidermal keratinocytes but functional channels observed?
### Response:
| Human keratinocyte differentiation is stimulated by calcium mobilization and influx, and differentiation stimuli coordinately upregulate mRNA levels of the calcium-activated hIK1 channel. This upregulation is paradoxical in that functional hIK1 channels are not observed in cultured keratinocytes. It appears, therefore, that hIK1 does not contribute to the functional electrophysiology of primary human keratinocytes, nor intact human skin. Further, the results indicate caution is required when interpreting experiments utilizing pharmacological hIK1 modulators in human keratinocytes. |
### Instruction:
Does ursodeoxycholic acid decrease viscosity and sedimentable fractions of gallbladder bile in patients with cholesterol gallstones?
### Response:
| UDCA treatment reduces total and vesicular cholesterol, the formation of cholesterol crystals, viscosity, and the total amount of sedimentable fractions in gallbladder bile. These observations might explain, at least partially, why UDCA treatment attenuates the occurrence of biliary pain and complications in gallstone patients. |
### Instruction:
Are class I and II HLA genes associated with susceptibility and age at onset in Finnish families with type 1 diabetes?
### Response:
| Estimates of genetic relative risk obtained from the case-pseudo control design are negatively biased and the prospective LTS model is an appropriate choice, when there are non-susceptible subjects in the population with variable age at onset. Based on the analysis of T1DM, we conclude that there are gene(s) in the HLA region that are associated with susceptibility and/or age at onset of T1DM, and this should be taken into account in future studies. |
### Instruction:
Is hyperghrelinemia a common feature of Prader-Willi syndrome and pituitary stalk interruption : a pathophysiological hypothesis?
### Response:
| We conclude that hyperghrelinemia in PWS and PSI is not related to GH secretion. We hypothesize that a major site of ghrelin action is at the hypothalamic level and that a 'ghrelin resistance' syndrome may be present in these patients, primarily due to a hypothalamic defect. Combined alterations such as impaired serotonin receptor regulation associated with abnormal ghrelin responsiveness are probably responsible for obesity in PWS. |
### Instruction:
Does cCR5 promoter polymorphism influence the interferon response of patients with chronic hepatitis C in Japan?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that CCR5 59029 is a host genetic factor that is associated with responses to IFN therapy among Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C. |
### Instruction:
Do detectable levels of interleukin-18 in uterine luminal secretions at oocyte retrieval predict failure of the embryo transfer?
### Response:
| This non-invasive and simple method predicted inadequate uterine receptivity, independent of embryo quality. |
### Instruction:
Does intravenous RNA interference gene therapy targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor prolong survival in intracranial brain cancer?
### Response:
| Weekly i.v. nonviral RNAi gene therapy directed against the human EGFR is a new therapeutic approach to silencing oncogenic genes in solid cancers. This is enabled with a nonviral gene transfer technology that delivers liposome-encapsulated plasmid DNA across cellular barriers with receptor-specific targeting ligands. |
### Instruction:
Are changes in gene expression induced by phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides ( including G3139 ) in PC3 prostate carcinoma cells recapitulated at least in part by treatment with interferon-beta and -gamma?
### Response:
| Oligonucleotide microarray experiments demonstrated that G3139 could induce elements of the IFN cascade in PC3 cells in vitro. In addition, the cellular phenotype obtained after treatment with exogenous IFN could, at least in part, recapitulate that obtained after G3139 treatment. Nevertheless, the oligonucleotide microarray experiments we performed also demonstrated that there are extremely large qualitative and quantitative differences between the two treatments. |
### Instruction:
Does endotoxin have an indirect vasodilatory effect on isolated human skeletal muscle arterioles?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that endotoxin has no direct vasodilatory effect on human skeletal muscle arterioles, but it is the release of an endothelial factor from the upstream conduit vessels that produces the loss of tone in the microvasculature. Further research is ongoing to characterize the factors involved (nuclear factor-kappaB, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleuklin 6) for possible clinical intervention (antioxidants, cyclosporine, and nitric oxdide synthase inhibitors). |
### Instruction:
Are age and homocysteine plasma levels risk factors for thrombotic complications after ovarian stimulation?
### Response:
| Age > or = 39 years and mild hyperhomocysteinaemia are strongly associated with the occurrence of thrombotic events during IVF. |
### Instruction:
Does the VSFASSQQ motif confer calcium sensitivity to the intracellular apyrase LALP70?
### Response:
| The VSFASSQQ motif not only influences the substrate specificity of LALP70, but it confers calcium sensitivity to LALP70 during the UDP cleavage. Whether this is due to direct binding of calcium to this motif or to a conformational change of the enzyme, remains to be elucidated. |
### Instruction:
Does zinc supplementation for four months affect plasma copper concentration in infants?
### Response:
| Zinc supplementation of 10 mg/d for 4 mo in this study did not affect copper status, as assessed by plasma copper concentration and hematological parameters, diagnostics of copper deficiency. |
### Instruction:
Does synovial expression of osteopontin correlate with angiogenesis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
### Response:
| Synovial expression of OPN correlates with parameters of angiogenesis in JIA. These data support, in human disease, the possible role of OPN in the vascularization of inflamed synovial tissue, as previously shown in OPN-deficient animal models of arthritis. |
### Instruction:
Is hepatitis E virus responsible for decompensation of chronic liver disease in an endemic region?
### Response:
| HEV infection is a frequent cause of decompensation in patients with liver cirrhosis in HEV-endemic regions. |
### Instruction:
Do radiation-blocking glasses allow vision during ophthalmic plaque radiation therapy?
### Response:
| Leaded radiation safety glasses improved patients' quality of life without sacrificing radiation safety. |
### Instruction:
Does anti-macrophage migration inhibitory factor reduce transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression in experimental IgA nephropathy?
### Response:
| Our finding shows that anti-MIF treatment can ameliorate kidney injury and reduce glomerular TGF-beta 1 expression in an experimental model of IgAN. |
### Instruction:
Are calcium ions abnormally distributed in the skin of haemodialysis patients with uraemic pruritus?
### Response:
| In chronic haemodialysis patients with pruritus, the calcium ion concentration in the deepest layer of the epidermis was increased, which indicated a disrupted calcium ion gradient in the skin. These findings point to a role for increased skin calcium ion concentrations in the development and/or maintenance of uraemic pruritus. However, more extensive studies in larger patient cohorts will be necessary to confirm this hypothesis. |
### Instruction:
Does arterial flow induce changes in venous endothelium which are modified by calcium channel blockers?
### Response:
| Important changes in the venous endothelium are induced by arterial flow. Ion channel blocking drugs have the potential to modulate these responses. |
### Instruction:
Does immunoglobulin improve a model of acute motor axonal neuropathy by preventing axonal degeneration?
### Response:
| The therapeutic efficacy of IVIg in an AMAN model was confirmed. IVIg may not affect the production or catabolism of anti-GM1 IgG, but it may prevent axonal degeneration of motor nerves. |
### Instruction:
Does celecoxib induce apoptosis in cervical cancer cells independent of cyclooxygenase using NF-kappaB as a possible target?
### Response:
| These data show that caspase-8 and -9 are involved in the apoptotic effect of celecoxib in cervical cancer cells. This requires the FADD-dependent pathway in a cell type-specific manner. In addition, NF-kappaB may play a key role in celecoxib-induced apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Do patients with bladder outlet obstruction who refuse treatment show no clinical and urodynamic change after long-term follow-up?
### Response:
| Patients with mild BOO may remain clinically and urodynamically stable for a long time. |
### Instruction:
Does the glycopeptide vancomycin enhance toll-like receptor 2 ( TLR2 ) activation by Streptococcus pneumoniae?
### Response:
| beta-Lactam antibiotics induce surface changes and release of cell wall structures from bacteria that are proinflammatory via TLR2, but the glycopeptide vancomycin does not. |
### Instruction:
Does the decrease in plasma ghrelin concentrations following bariatric surgery depend on the functional integrity of the fundus?
### Response:
| Fasting circulating ghrelin concentrations in patients undergoing diverse bariatric operations depend on the degree of dysfunctionality of the fundus. |
### Instruction:
Does hysteroscopic metroplasty improve gestational outcome in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that hysteroscopic septum incision can improve pregnancy outcome in patients with RSA associated with septate uterus. |
### Instruction:
Are effects of protein deprivation on growth and small intestine morphology improved by glutamine or glutamate in gastrostomy-fed rat pups?
### Response:
| These results suggest that neither Gln nor Glu supplementation can substitute effectively for whole protein in the developing rat small intestine for the outcomes that were evaluated. |
### Instruction:
Are autoantibodies against granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and interleukin-3 rare in patients with Felty 's syndrome?
### Response:
| Antibodies to GM-CSF and IL3 are rare in patients with FS and RA and in healthy subjects. In individual patients with FS, the presence of neutralising anti-IL3 antibodies may contribute to the development of cytopenia. |
### Instruction:
Does simvastatin reduce MMP-3 level in interleukin 1beta stimulated human chondrocyte culture?
### Response:
| Our data show that simvastatin, by blocking HMGCoA-reductase and interfering in the prenylation processes, is able to inhibit MMP-3 production from cultured human chondrocytes that have been either unstimulated or stimulated with IL1beta, thus suggesting a possible additional mechanism for statins in counteracting chronic joint disease related cartilage damage. |
### Instruction:
Is low-dose-rate brachytherapy superior to high-dose-rate brachytherapy for bladder cancer?
### Response:
| Local control of HDR brachytherapy for bladder cancer was disappointing and late toxicity unexpectedly high. The increase in late toxicity suggested a short repair half-time of 0.5-1 h for late-responding normal bladder tissue, which would not support HDR brachytherapy in the treatment of bladder cancer. The analysis demonstrated that the calculation of equivalent HDR schedules on the basis of the LDR schedules used in clinical practice might be hazardous. |
### Instruction:
Does [ p33 ( ING1b ) enhance chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma cell U2OS to etoposide ]?
### Response:
| These observations suggest that p33(ING1b) up-regulates p53 protein, and cooperate with p53 in stimulating expression of p21(WAF1) and Bax gene, thus to enhance etoposide-induced apoptosis via p53-dependent pathways. |
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