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### Instruction:
Is deterioration in cord blood gas status during the second stage of labour more rapid in the second twin than in the first twin?
### Response:
| During normal vaginal delivery, the umbilical cord blood gas status of both the first and the second twins deteriorated with the duration of their corresponding second stages, but the effects are greater in the latter. Furthermore, the duration of the first twins' second stage does not affect the blood gas status of the second twins'. These observations support the postulation of a diminished uteroplacental exchange function after the delivery of the first twin. Close monitoring and expeditious delivery of the second twins are important. |
### Instruction:
Is hemoglobin level an independent predictor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes in women undergoing evaluation for chest pain : results from the National Heart , Lung , and Blood Institute Women 's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation Study?
### Response:
| Our findings extend previous reports, linking lower hemoglobin levels with higher risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes, to women evaluated for suspected ischemia in the absence of acute MI or CHF. |
### Instruction:
Does clopidogrel inhibit platelet-leukocyte interactions and thrombin receptor agonist peptide-induced platelet activation in patients with an acute coronary syndrome?
### Response:
| Clopidogrel attenuates the agonist effects of ADP and TRAP on platelet secretion, aggregation, and formation of platelet-monocyte and platelet-neutrophil conjugates in patients with ACS. These effects may all contribute to the clinical benefits of the drug in these syndromes. |
### Instruction:
Does human apo-lactoferrin enhance angiogenesis mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor A in vivo?
### Response:
| Taken together, the data suggest that apo-hLF exerts a specific proangiogenic effect in VEGF-A-mediated angiogenesis. Clearly, human and bovine apo-LF exert opposite effects on VEGF-A-induced angiogenesis. Differences in molecular features between human and bovine LFs of possible significance for the outcome are discussed. In hypoxia, compensatory collateral circulation is mediated primarily by VEGF-A. We hypothesize that systemically administered apo-hLF may promote collateral blood vessel formation at hypoxic sites in normal tissue, thus counteracting ischemia and infarction. |
### Instruction:
Is bronchodilatory effect of deep inspiration absent in subjects with mild COPD?
### Response:
| The bronchodilatory ability of deep inspiration is lost in mild COPD. We speculate that the absence of deep inspiration-induced bronchodilation contributes to the development and severity of chronic respiratory symptoms in patients with COPD. |
### Instruction:
Does macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha induce hypercalcemia in adult T-cell leukemia?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that MIP-1alpha can induce RANKL on ATL cells in autocrine fashion and that RANKL seems to mediate the hypercalcemic effect of MIP-1alpha in ATL. We propose that MIP-1alpha is the clinical hallmark of hypercalcemia in ATL and could be a potentially useful therapeutic target. |
### Instruction:
Is diabetes associated independently of body composition with BMD and bone volume in older white and black men and women : The Health , Aging , and Body Composition Study?
### Response:
| Fasting insulin, visceral fat, and volumetric spine BMD, assessed by CT, and lean mass, fat mass, and total hip and whole body BMD, assessed by DXA, were higher (p < or = 0.05 for all) for those with diabetes. Hip BMD was higher in white men (0.99 +/- 0.14 versus 0.93 +/- 0.14 g/cm2, p < 0.001), black men (1.06 +/- 0.17 versus 1.00 +/- 0.15 g/cm2, p < 0.001), white women (0.83 +/- 0.13 versus 0.76 +/- 0.13 g/cm2, p < 0.001), and black women (0.90 +/- 0.15 versus 0.85 +/- 0.15 g/cm2, p < 0.001) with diabetes compared with those without diabetes, although the relationship was attenuated by body composition. In multiple regression models, diabetes was an independent predictor of higher hip, whole body, and volumetric spine BMD in all participants (p < or = 0.001), but lower spine volume (p = 0.01) and higher hip BMD for each race-gender group (p < or = 0.01). Type 2 diabetes was associated with a 4-5% higher total hip BMD in all race-gender groups of elderly adults, independent of body composition and fasting insulin levels. |
### Instruction:
Does lifestyle influence on 9-year changes in BMD in young women?
### Response:
| Early decline in BMD at the neck of femur (-3.3%/decade) and the converse gain in BMD at the lumbar spine (+4.3%/decade) and intertrochanter (+1.9%/decade) suggest site-specific changes in BMD in young premenopausal women. No effect of previous calcium supplementation was seen on current BMD or changes in BMD (p > 0.10). Lifestyle predictors of change in BMD were determined using hierarchical regression analysis after forced correction for the covariates baseline BMD and previous calcium supplementation. Physical activity was positively associated with change in BMD at total hip and intertrochanter sites (beta-coefficients, beta = 0.26 and 0.26 respectively; p < 0.05). Calcium intake was negatively associated with change in BMD at the lumbar spine (beta = -0.27, p < 0.05). Parity was negatively associated with change in BMD at all sites (beta = -0.40 to -0.26, p < 0.05). These data show that BMD is already declining at the proximal femur in these healthy young women. Physical activity assists in maintenance of BMD at some sites and thus may contribute to lifelong fracture prevention. There was no positive association between calcium intake and change in BMD. |
### Instruction:
Does osteoclast differentiation by RANKL require NF-kappaB-mediated downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 ( Cdk6 )?
### Response:
| Among the cell cycle factors examined, the Cdk6 level was downregulated by RANKL synchronously with the appearance of multinucleated osteoclasts. Inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway by IKK(DN) overexpression, but not that of the JNK pathway by MKK7(DN) overexpression, caused the decreases in both Cdk6 downregulation and osteoclastogenesis by RANKL. RAW cells overexpressing Cdk6 resist RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis; however, cell cycle regulation was not affected by the levels of Cdk6 overexpression, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of Cdk6 on osteoclast differentiation was not exerted through cell cycle regulation. These results indicate that Cdk6 is a critical regulator of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and that its NF-kappaB-mediated downregulation is essential for efficient osteoclast differentiation. |
### Instruction:
Does the chloride channel inhibitor NS3736 [ corrected ] prevent bone resorption in ovariectomized rats without changing bone formation?
### Response:
| In conclusion, we show for the first time that chloride channel inhibitors can be used for prevention of ovariectomy-induced bone loss without impeding bone formation. We speculate that the coupling of bone resorption to bone formation is linked to the acidification of the resorption lacunae, thereby enabling compounds that directly interfere with this process to be able to positive uncouple this process resulting in a net bone gain. |
### Instruction:
Does chronic stent recoil play an important role in restenosis of the right coronary ostium?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that stenosis of the right coronary ostium is a high-risk lesion for stent restenosis. In addition to excessive intimal growth, chronic stent recoil might be an important etiologic factor at this particular location. |
### Instruction:
Does promoting angiogenesis protect severely hypertrophied hearts from ischemic injury?
### Response:
| Treatment of hypertrophied hearts with VEGF resulted in an increase of microvascular density, improved tissue perfusion, and glucose delivery. Promoting angiogenesis proved useful in preserving myocardial function in late hypertrophy and improving postischemic recovery of contractile function. |
### Instruction:
Does apolipoprotein E control the risk and age at onset of Parkinson disease?
### Response:
| The APOE-4 allele increases risk and decreases age at onset of PD, an association that may not be dependent upon cognitive impairment. |
### Instruction:
Is proliferation of ovarian theca-interstitial cells modulated by antioxidants and oxidative stress?
### Response:
| Reactive oxygen species may play a role in the regulation of growth of ovarian mesenchyme. Under pathological conditions, such as those encountered in polycystic ovary syndrome, excessive oxidative stress and depletion of antioxidants may contribute to ovarian mesenchymal hyperplasia. |
### Instruction:
Is cumulative embryo score , not endometrial thickness , best for pregnancy prediction in IVF?
### Response:
| CES alone, and not combined with endometrial thickness, is a statistically significant factor in pregnancy rates that may be clinically useful in decisions regarding number of embryos transferred to ensure a better pregnancy rate. |
### Instruction:
Does methylene blue attenuate lung injury after mesenteric artery clamping/unclamping?
### Response:
| Intratracheal methylene blue mitigates lung reperfusion injury following superior mesenteric artery clamping/unclamping at a similar magnitude as an intravenous regimen. This finding is a novel potential use of methylene blue in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Does exercise acutely increase circulating endothelial progenitor cells and monocyte-/macrophage-derived angiogenic cells?
### Response:
| Our study demonstrates that exercise can acutely increase EPCs and CACs. Given the ability of these cell populations to promote angiogenesis and vascular regeneration, the exercise-induced cell mobilization may serve as a physiologic repair or compensation mechanism. |
### Instruction:
Does systemic BCNU enhance the efficacy of local delivery of a topoisomerase I inhibitor against malignant glioma?
### Response:
| In a 9L gliosarcoma model, systemic delivery of CPT-11 showed no benefit in survival when delivered alone or in combination with systemic BCNU, because CPT-11 is unable to cross the blood-brain barrier in cytotoxic levels. When cytotoxic levels of a topoisomerase I inhibitor are delivered directly to the brain tumor via a biodegradable polymer, however, the systemic delivery of the alkylating agent BCNU significantly enhances the antitumor effects of camptothecin in a 9L gliosarcoma model. |
### Instruction:
Does polycomb group gene mel-18 modulate the self-renewal activity and cell cycle status of hematopoietic stem cells?
### Response:
| Loss or knockdown of mel-18 leads to the expression of Hoxb4, an increase in the proportion of HSCs in G0 phase, and the subsequent promotion of HSC self-renewal. These findings will enable us to develop new approaches for controlling HSC activity for hematopoietic transplantations based on ex vivo expansion of HSCs. |
### Instruction:
Do osteoblast-like cells from estrogen receptor alpha knockout mice have deficient responses to mechanical strain?
### Response:
| These data indicate ERalpha's obligatory involvement in a number of early responses to mechanical strain in osteoblast-like cells, including those that result in proliferation. They support the hypothesis that reduction in ERalpha expression or activity after estrogen withdrawal results in a less osteogenic response to loading. This could be important in the etiology of postmenopausal osteoporosis. |
### Instruction:
Does prolonged nitric oxide inhalation fail to regress hypoxic vascular remodeling in rat lung?
### Response:
| Continuous NO inhalation showed no effect on regression of pulmonary vascular remodeling in chronic hypoxic PH after returning to room air. |
### Instruction:
Is preoperative shift from glibenclamide to insulin cardioprotective in diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery?
### Response:
| This prospective randomized study shows a cardioprotective effect of preoperative administration of isoflurane during CABG. Such an effect is prevented by glibenclamide, but can be restored in diabetic patients by preoperative shift from glibenclamide to insulin. |
### Instruction:
Does venous blood flow through vein grafts before harvesting minimize endothelial cell desquamation immediately after implantation?
### Response:
| Venous blood flow through dissected vein grafts effectively helps preserve PGI2 production. |
### Instruction:
Do reduced blood flow and preserved vasoreactivity characterize oxygen hypometabolism due to incomplete infarction in occlusive carotid artery diseases?
### Response:
| Our results strongly suggest that a reduced CBF and a normal CVR characterize oxygen hypometabolism probably due to ischemia-related neuronal loss-namely, incomplete infarction. Such an ischemic lesion is not hemodynamically compromised and is at very low risk for a subsequent ischemic stroke even if the patient is medically treated. |
### Instruction:
Does videodermatoscopy enhance diagnostic capability in some forms of hair loss?
### Response:
| The results indicate that videodermatoscopy represents a very useful tool in the evaluation of hair loss, both for differential diagnosis (especially in early, transitional and mild forms) and for prognostic evaluation. It allows rapid, detailed, and non-invasive observation of the scalp skin and hair, and it provides high-resolution quality imaging. |
### Instruction:
Does ionic self-complementarity induce amyloid-like fibril formation in an isolated domain of a plant copper metallochaperone protein?
### Response:
| A number of proteins related with copper homeostasis have a high tendency to form fibrils. The determinants for fibril formation, as well as the possible physiological role are not fully understood. Here we show that the plant exclusive C-domain of the copper metallochaperone CCH has conformational plasticity and forms fibrils at defined experimental conditions. The putative influence of these properties with plant copper delivery will be addressed in the future. |
### Instruction:
Does encapsulation of mepivacaine prolong the analgesia provided by sciatic nerve blockade in mice?
### Response:
| MVC(LUV) provided a LA effect comparable to that of BVC. We propose MVC(LUV) drug delivery as a potentially new therapeutic option for the treatment of acute pain since the formulation enhances the duration of sensory blockade at lower concentrations than those of plain MVC. |
### Instruction:
Does short-term immunosuppression reduce fibrotic cellular infiltration around barium-M-alginate microbeads injected intraportally?
### Response:
| Combination of highly purified alginate with short-term immunosuppression reduces fibrotic overgrowth around microbeads injected intraportally. |
### Instruction:
Is apoptosis caused by prolonged organ preservation and blocked by apoptosis inhibitor in experimental rat pancreatic grafts?
### Response:
| Prolonged preservation of pancreata in cold UW solution induces a dramatic increase in apoptotic cell death among the pancreatic grafts following Tx. This observation may well be an important mechanism of graft damage. A caspase inhibitor might be useful to inhibit apoptosis induction in pancreatic grafts. |
### Instruction:
Is muscle dysfunction during exercise of a single skeletal muscle in rats with congestive heart failure associated with reduced muscle blood supply?
### Response:
| The cause of contractile dysfunction in a single exercising skeletal muscle in rats with CHF cannot be explained simply by reduced blood supply. In addition, absence of changes in high-energy phosphates and metabolites indicate that the oxidative metabolism of SOL is intact in rats with CHF. |
### Instruction:
Is the generic 15D instrument valid and feasible for measuring health related quality of life in Parkinson 's disease?
### Response:
| 15D is a valid, feasible, and sensitive tool to assess quality of life in PD. PD has a major impact on HRQoL, which is related to disease progression. Mobility, eating, speech, and sexual functions are most affected. The ADL measure of the UPDRS and the 15D provide an easily assessable view of HRQoL in PD. |
### Instruction:
Does the Drosophila F box protein archipelago regulate dMyc protein levels in vivo?
### Response:
| Our data indicate that archipelago is an important inhibitor of dMyc in developing tissues. Because archipelago can also regulate Cyclin E levels and Notch activity, these results indicate how a single F box protein can be responsible for the degradation of key components of multiple pathways that control growth and cell cycle progression. |
### Instruction:
Is alexithymia no risk factor for exacerbation in spasmodic torticollis patients?
### Response:
| High alexithymia did not lead to increased abnormal head movements to stressors, but may result in a subtle increase in tonic level of sympathetic activity. |
### Instruction:
Is soluble fibrin the main mediator of Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to platelets?
### Response:
| Soluble fibrin but not fibrinogen is the main mediator of platelet-S aureus association. In addition, platelet activation and the release of alpha-granule contents, particularly thrombospondin-1, is a requirement for platelet-S aureus association. |
### Instruction:
Does n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide on admission have prognostic value across the whole spectrum of acute coronary syndromes?
### Response:
| The measurement of NT-proBNP on admission improves the early risk stratification of patients with ACS, suggesting the need for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. |
### Instruction:
Is pER-1 type beta-lactamase production in Acinetobacter baumannii related to cell adhesion?
### Response:
| This study indicates the existence of a relation between PER-1 gene and cell adhesion in Acinetobacter strains. |
### Instruction:
Does the application of an external wrist extension force reduce electromyographic activity of wrist extensor muscles during gripping?
### Response:
| This study shows that an external extension force reduces EMG activity of the wrist extensor muscles during gripping in healthy volunteers. As the extension force increased, a greater reduction in muscle activity was noted. |
### Instruction:
Are neuropeptide Y and Y2-receptor involved in development of diabetic retinopathy and retinal neovascularization?
### Response:
| NPY and Y2-receptor play important roles in diabetic retinopathy and retinal neovascularization and are thus potential new targets for drug molecules for treatment of retinopathy. |
### Instruction:
Does human organic anion transporter 1 mediate cellular uptake of cysteine-S conjugates of inorganic mercury?
### Response:
| These data represent ostensibly the most direct line of evidence implicating a specific membrane protein (i.e., hOAT1) in the transport of a biologically relevant molecular species of Hg(2+) in a mammalian cell. Moreover, these data indicate that the organic anion transporter(s) likely play a prominent role in the basolateral transport of mercuric ions by proximal tubular cells and in the nephropathy induced by Hg(2+). |
### Instruction:
Does aldosterone enhance renal calcium reabsorption by two types of channels?
### Response:
| Aldosterone increases Ca(2+) transport by the distal luminal membranes through L- and T-type Ca(2+) channels, and this action requires tyrosine kinase activity. |
### Instruction:
Does superoxide enhance tubuloglomerular feedback by constricting the afferent arteriole?
### Response:
| We concluded that it is O(2) (-) rather than H(2)O(2) that enhances TGF response, both directly by constricting the Af-Art and indirectly by scavenging NO in the MD. |
### Instruction:
Does platelet-derived growth factor improve cardiac function in a rodent myocardial infarction model?
### Response:
| These studies demonstrate that PDGF pretreatment improves cardiac function following acute coronary occlusion. Strategies based on the cardioprotective actions of PDGF may provide a significant advance in the treatment of myocardial infarction. |
### Instruction:
Is simvastatin-induced myocardial protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury mediated by activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels?
### Response:
| Simvastatin significantly reduced myocardial infarct size. The protective effect was completely abrogated by glyburide, strongly suggesting that this protective effect is mediated via activation of the ATP-sensitive K channels. |
### Instruction:
Does intratracheal poly ( ADP ) ribose synthetase inhibition ameliorate lung ischemia reperfusion injury?
### Response:
| Intratracheal INO-1001 protects against experimental LIRI. The reduction in secreted chemokine protein at 4 hours of reperfusion appears to be mediated at the pretranscriptional level through attenuated NFkappaB and AP-1 activation. This route may optimize future donor organ management and improve lung recipient outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Does reinvestigation of trihydroxycholestanoic acidemia reveal a peroxisome biogenesis disorder?
### Response:
| The absence of clear peroxisomal abnormalities in the patient's fibroblasts, including a normal peroxisomal localization of catalase, implies that even when all peroxisomal functions in fibroblasts are normal, a peroxisome biogenesis disorder cannot be fully excluded, and further studies may be needed. In addition, the authors' findings imply that there is no longer evidence for the existence of trihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA oxidase deficiency as a distinct disease entity. |
### Instruction:
Do measured weights in PEI adults reveal higher than expected obesity rates?
### Response:
| Self-reported height and weight data appear to result in significant underestimation of the problem of obesity. Given the serious health consequences associated with this condition, it is critical that measured heights and weights be collected in future population-based surveys to ensure that public health interventions are based on accurate prevalence data. |
### Instruction:
Does complete elimination of reflux symptoms guarantee normalization of intraesophageal and intragastric pH in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD )?
### Response:
| Fifty percent of patients with GERD without BE continue to exhibit pathologic GERD and low intragastric pH despite PPI therapy that achieves complete reflux symptom control. |
### Instruction:
Is hIV-1 Nef preferentially recognized by CD8 T cells in primary HIV-1 infection despite a relatively high degree of genetic diversity?
### Response:
| These data show that despite relatively high sequence variability, viral regions within the clade B consensus sequence of Nef are preferentially recognized during primary HIV-1 infection. Later diversification of responses to other proteins during prolonged antigen exposure provides evidence of the initial preferential immunogenicity of Nef epitopes compared to similarly conserved regions within other viral proteins. |
### Instruction:
Does combined antiretroviral therapy reduce hyperimmunoglobulinemia in HIV-1 infected children?
### Response:
| Our data show that in HIV-1 infected children combined antiretroviral therapy leads to reduction of hyperimmunoglobulinemia which parallels restoration of CD4 T-lymphocyte percentage and viral load decrease, which it turn probably reflects improved B-lymphocyte functions. |
### Instruction:
Is percent carcinoma in prostatectomy specimen associated with risk of recurrence after radical prostatectomy in patients with pathologically organ confined prostate cancer?
### Response:
| Tumor size measured as the percent of cancer is an independent predictor of cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy in patients with pathologically organ confined prostate cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is post-hyperventilation hypoxaemia due to alteration of ventilation and perfusion matching?
### Response:
| Relative hypoventilation may partly explain post-hyperventilation hypoxaemia, but by excluding bronchoconstriction and periodic breathing, we have demonstrated that most of the hypoxaemia must have been due to alteration of pulmonary blood flow distribution causing a fall in V/Q ratio. |
### Instruction:
Does methylprednisolone reduce airway microvascular permeability but not airway resistance induced by N-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine in the rabbit?
### Response:
| These results show that methylprednisolone can significantly reduce N-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine-induced MVP without affecting airway resistance. |
### Instruction:
Do peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts prevent myocardial dysfunction and inflammation in endotoxemic rats?
### Response:
| These observations suggest that the beneficial effects of MEG and FeTPPS on endotoxin-induced myocardial contractile dysfunction could be related to the unique effects of these compounds on cardiovascular inflammation processes. |
### Instruction:
Is release of soluble CD40L from platelets regulated by glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and actin polymerization?
### Response:
| The GP IIb/IIIa antagonists inhibit release of sCD40L from activated platelets. Release of sCD40L from platelets is regulated, at least in part, by GP IIb/IIIa, actin polymerization, and an MMP inhibitor-sensitive pathway. In addition to their well-characterized inhibition of platelet aggregation, GP IIb/IIIa antagonists may obviate the proinflammatory and prothrombotic effects of sCD40L. |
### Instruction:
Does the prolongation of triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori allow reaching therapeutic outcome of sequential scheme : a prospective , randomised study?
### Response:
| Seven-day triple therapy achieves disappointing eradication rates in dyspeptics and smokers. Prolonging triple therapy to 10 days does not significantly improve the eradication rate. The novel 10-day sequential regimen is more effective and equally tolerated than the 10-day triple therapy. |
### Instruction:
Is transcriptional downregulation of tight junction protein ZO-1 in active coeliac disease reversed after a gluten-free diet?
### Response:
| In active coeliac disease, ZO-1 protein expression is downregulated at the transcriptional level in association with F-actin redistribution. These changes are completely reversed after a gluten-free diet and could contribute to the increased intestinal paracellular permeability observed in this disorder. |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin-6 protect LNCaP cells from apoptosis induced by androgen deprivation through the Stat3 pathway?
### Response:
| These results indicate that IL-6 protects androgen sensitive LNCaP cells from apoptosis induced by androgen deprivation, and Stat3 activation play an important role in IL-6-mediated anti-apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. |
### Instruction:
Is progression of multiple sclerosis associated with exon 1 CTLA-4 gene polymorphism?
### Response:
| The results of our study indicate that CTLA-4 (A49G) exon 1 polymorphism is associated with MS progression. |
### Instruction:
Does endotoxin induce an exaggerated interleukin-10 response in peritoneal macrophages of children compared with adults?
### Response:
| LPS-induced macrophage production of both IL-10 and TNF-alpha was increased in children. The anti-proinflammatory cytokine ratio (IL-10 to TNF-alpha) was strikingly higher in pediatric versus adult PMs. These data suggest that the age-related balance of anti- and proinflammatory cytokines in resident macrophages is different in children compared with adults. |
### Instruction:
Does laparoscopy assist surgical decision making in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis?
### Response:
| Laparoscopy performed in the ICU can provide information regarding intestinal viability which can guide further surgical management. It is feasible and tolerated well even in critically ill neonates less than 1,000 g. |
### Instruction:
Is hyperglycemia associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis?
### Response:
| Hyperglycemia is common in infants with NEC admitted to the ICU and is associated with an increase in late mortality and longer intensive care stay. Aggressive glycemic control may improve outcome in this group of infants. |
### Instruction:
Is the phosphatidylserine receptor from Hydra a nuclear protein with potential Fe ( II ) dependent oxygenase activity?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that Hydra PSR is a nuclear 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase. This is in contrast with the proposed function of Hydra PSR as a cell surface receptor involved in the recognition of apoptotic cells displaying phosphatidylserine on their surface. The conservation of the protein from Hydra to human infers that our results also apply to PSR from higher animals. |
### Instruction:
Does acetaldehyde induce histamine release from human airway mast cells to cause bronchoconstriction?
### Response:
| The present results strongly suggest that acetaldehyde stimulates human airway mast cells to release histamine, which may be involved in bronchial smooth muscle contraction following alcohol consumption. |
### Instruction:
Does estrogen affect the differentiation and function of splenic monocyte-derived dendritic cells from normal rats?
### Response:
| These results suggest that estrogen can affect the differentiation and function of DCs, which leads T cells switching to Th2 secretion. This may account partly for the protective effect of estrogen on EAE. |
### Instruction:
Do talc and silver nitrate induce systemic inflammatory effects during the acute phase of experimental pleurodesis in rabbits?
### Response:
| In the acute phase of pleural injection, TL induced a transient increase in blood WBC count and percentage of neutrophils, while SN induced increases in blood LDH and IL-8 levels. Both TL and SN induced significant increases in blood VEGF levels. SN induced an earlier and more intense acute pleural inflammation than TL. Pleural liquid VEGF levels were higher after SN injection and increased, as did pleural liquid production. These findings suggest that the intrapleural injection of TL and SN produce a systemic inflammatory response that may have a role in the pathogenesis of fever and ARDS, which occur with pleurodesis. |
### Instruction:
Does surgical injury induce the mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells?
### Response:
| EPCs were mobilized by surgical injury, which may have implications for residual and metastatic tumor growth during the perioperative period. |
### Instruction:
Does short-term enteral glutamine enhance protein accretion in burned children : a stable isotope study?
### Response:
| Rapid protein accretion does not occur with short-term enteral glutamine supplementation. Several days of glutamine supplementation may be required to restore plasma glutamine levels and stimulate protein synthesis. |
### Instruction:
Is gestational carrier an optimal method for pregnancy in patients with vaginal agenesis ( Rokitansky syndrome )?
### Response:
| Gestational carrier is shown to be an effective treatment for patients with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Does endothelial overexpression of Fas ligand decrease atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice?
### Response:
| Overexpression of endothelial FasL is antiinflammatory and inhibits atherosclerosis under hypercholesterolemic conditions. |
### Instruction:
Is leukocyte-derived interleukin 10 required for protection against atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice?
### Response:
| IL-10 expressed by leukocytes prevents exaggerated advanced atherosclerosis development and plays a critical role in modulation of cellular and collagen plaque composition, at least in part, through a modulation of the systemic immune response. |
### Instruction:
Is incidence of obesity-associated cardiovascular disease related to inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins : a population-based cohort study?
### Response:
| The cardiovascular risk varies widely between obese or overweight men with high and low ISPs. Relationships with ISPs contribute to, but cannot fully explain, the increased cardiovascular risk in obese men. |
### Instruction:
Does hyperactive Wnt signaling change the developmental potential of embryonic lung endoderm?
### Response:
| Our results show that hyperactive Wnt signaling in lung progenitors expressing a lung-specific gene can induce a dramatic switch in lineage commitment and the generation of intestinal cell types. We discuss the relevance of our findings to the poorly understood pathological condition of intestinal metaplasia in humans. |
### Instruction:
Is red blood cell damage after trauma-hemorrhage modulated by gender?
### Response:
| These data show that high levels of estrogen in female rats are protective against shock-induced RBC damage and suggest that this effect is associated with a decrease in lipid peroxidation. |
### Instruction:
Does administration of aerosolized terbutaline and budesonide reduce chlorine gas-induced acute lung injury?
### Response:
| Treatment of acute chlorine gas lung injury with aerosolized terbutaline followed by aerosolized budesonide improved lung function. Combined treatment was more effective than treatment with either drug alone. |
### Instruction:
Do subphysiologic apolipoprotein E ( ApoE ) plasma levels inhibit neointimal formation after arterial injury in ApoE-deficient mice?
### Response:
| Similar to its effects on atherosclerosis progression, in a mouse model of restenosis, a subphysiological level of apoE was associated with beneficial effects on lesion size/composition. |
### Instruction:
Is evolution of somatic mutations in mammary tumors in transgenic mice influenced by the inherited genotype?
### Response:
| Tumorigenic properties of cells undergoing functionally significant secondary mutations in H-Ras or the MMTV-Neu transgene allow selection of those cells in MMTV-Wnt1 and MMTV-Neu transgenic mice, respectively. Alternative sources of oncogenic potential, such as a second transgenic oncogene or deficiency of a tumor suppressor gene, can obviate the selective power of those secondary mutations. These observations are consistent with the notion that somatic evolution of mouse mammary tumors is influenced by the specific nature of the inherited cancer-promoting genotype. |
### Instruction:
Is polo-like kinase 1 overexpressed in prostate cancer and linked to higher tumor grades?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate a high rate of PLK1-positivity in prostate cancer which suggests involvement of PLK1 in tumorigenesis and progression in this tumor entity. Therefore, targeted strategies focussing on PLK1 inhibition might represent a promising new chemotherapeutic approach in prostate cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is prostein expression highly restricted to normal and malignant prostate tissues?
### Response:
| Prostein is exquisitely specific for prostate tissues, indicating a potential clinical utility of 10E3-G4-D3 as a diagnostic biomarker, and support the use of prostein as a novel target for development of prostein-specific antibody and T-cell based therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does gHB ameliorate naloxone-induced conditioned place aversion and physical aspects of morphine withdrawal in mice?
### Response:
| Our results support the idea that GHB ameliorates both aspects of morphine withdrawal, physical as well as motivational signs. |
### Instruction:
Is frequent intentional weight loss associated with lower natural killer cell cytotoxicity in postmenopausal women : possible long-term immune effects?
### Response:
| This study provides evidence that frequent intentional weight loss may have long-term effects on immune function. |
### Instruction:
Is myocardial blood supply through a direct left ventricle-coronary artery shunt aided by augmented coronary capacitance?
### Response:
| In healthy pigs a left ventricle-coronary artery shunt decreased net forward coronary flow to 53% +/- 18% of native flow. Augmentation of coronary artery compliance did not improve shunt performance. |
### Instruction:
Is single nucleotide polymorphism in the low-density lipoprotein receptor associated with a threefold risk of stroke . A case-control and prospective study?
### Response:
| This is the first prospective study to suggest an association between a polymorphism in the LDL receptor and stroke. Because this association is independent of lipid levels, our results point toward a hitherto unknown function of this receptor in the brain. |
### Instruction:
Do undetectable preoperative levels of serum CA 19-9 correlate with improved survival for patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that patients who present with undetectable preoperative CA19-9 levels and potentially resectable pancreatic cancer, regardless of advanced stage, should be considered candidates for aggressive therapy. |
### Instruction:
Do evolving treatment in a decade of pediatric burn care?
### Response:
| Over a 10-year period, the program achieved a significant reduction in resource utilization while increasing the number of patients treated and maintaining a low incidence of infection. This was due in large part to a shift to ABC and the use of PS. |
### Instruction:
Is insular cortical ischemia independently associated with acute stress hyperglycemia?
### Response:
| Despite the small sample size, insular cortical ischemia appeared to be associated with the production of poststroke hyperglycemia. This relationship is independent of pre-existing glycemic status and infarct volume. Neuroendocrine dysregulation after insular ischemia may be 1 aspect of a more generalized acute stress response. Future studies of poststroke hyperglycemia should account for the effect of insular cortical ischemia. |
### Instruction:
Do diagnostic impact of transcranial color-coded real-time sonography with echo contrast agents for hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid endarterectomy?
### Response:
| Findings of a 1.5-fold increase in the MCA MFV can accurately identify those patients with high risk of developing post-CEA hyperperfusion syndrome. TCCS with echo contrast agents is available for the evaluation of hyperperfusion after CEA. |
### Instruction:
Is the expression of thrombospondin-1 in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia decreased in prostate cancer?
### Response:
| TSP is expressed in BPH, down-regulated in PIN and absent in prostate cancer tissue. This may indicate that TSP is important in prostate cancer progression. Further studies are needed to understand the significance of these findings for the malignant transformation of the prostate gland. |
### Instruction:
Does neonatal ureteral obstruction alter expression of renal sodium transporters and aquaporin water channels?
### Response:
| Major sodium transporters and aquaporins in the obstructed kidney are down-regulated in response to neonatally induced PUUO, which indicates that these transporters may play a crucial role for the persistent reduction in renal handling of sodium and water in response to PUUO. |
### Instruction:
Does ouabain induce endocytosis of plasmalemmal Na/K-ATPase in LLC-PK1 cells by a clathrin-dependent mechanism?
### Response:
| These data demonstrate that ouabain stimulates a clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway that translocates the Na/K-ATPase to intracellular compartments, thus suggesting a potential role of endocytosis in ouabain-induced signal transduction as well as proximal tubule sodium handling. |
### Instruction:
Is disease-specific quality of life associated with anxiety and depression in patients with acne?
### Response:
| (1) Irrespective of the degree of severity, patients with acne are at increased risk for anxiety and depression compared to the normal population. (2) Acne negatively affects quality of life, and the greater the impairment of quality of life due to acne, the greater the level of anxiety and depression. (3) A greater impairment of dermatologic quality of life seems to put the patient at an increased risk for anxiety disorder. |
### Instruction:
Does gene transfer of parvalbumin improve diastolic dysfunction in senescent myocytes?
### Response:
| Parvalbumin expression corrects impaired relaxation in aging myocytes. Given that abnormalities of myocyte relaxation underlie diastolic dysfunction in a large proportion of elderly patients with heart failure, gene transfer of parvalbumin may thus be a novel approach to target diastolic dysfunction in senescent myocardium. |
### Instruction:
Is aerobic fitness associated with cardiomyocyte contractile capacity and endothelial function in exercise training and detraining?
### Response:
| Cardiovascular adaptation to regular exercise is highly dynamic. On detraining, most of the exercise-gained aerobic fitness acquired over 2 to 3 months is lost within 2 to 4 weeks. The close association between cardiomyocyte dimensions, contractile capacity, arterial relaxation, and aerobic fitness suggests cellular mechanisms underlying these changes. |
### Instruction:
Does vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein regulate proliferation and growth inhibition by nitric oxide in vascular smooth muscle cells?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that VASP phosphorylation at serine157 is required for the growth-stimulatory effect of VASP in SMCs, whereas VASP phosphorylation at serine239 is involved in the growth inhibitory effects of NO on SMCs. |
### Instruction:
Does bacillus thuringiensis serovar shandongiensis strain 89-T-34-22 produce multiple cytotoxic proteins with similar molecular masses against human cancer cells?
### Response:
| Existence of at least two novel cytotoxic proteins was suggested and N-terminal sequences of the newly identified proteins were determined to be QSTTDVIREY and X (Y or I) (P or I) NLANELA (X indicates uncertain amino acids). Molecular masses of the two proteins were approx. 27-28 kDa. |
### Instruction:
Does prenatal alcohol exposure cause long-term serotonin neuron deficit in mice?
### Response:
| Upon prenatal alcohol exposure, an increased concentration of active caspase-3 and a decreased number of 5-HT-immunostaining neurons in the brainstem were observed at E18. The decreased number of 5-HT neurons persisted to the young adult stage of postnatal day 45. This suggests that ethanol has a long-lasting effect on 5-HT deficit. A fetal alcohol exposure-rendered lasting deficit of 5-HT and other transmitter systems may underlie the neuropsychiatric deficits in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. |
### Instruction:
Does risk-sensitive foraging theory elucidate risky choices made by heroin addicts?
### Response:
| These data suggest that risky choices of heroin-dependent individuals can be understood and predicted with the application of RSF theory. This research suggests that an evolutionarily old behavioral process may contribute to the risky behavior of the drug-dependent. |
### Instruction:
Does pulmonary injury follow systemic inflammatory reaction in infrarenal aortic surgery?
### Response:
| The present study shows that a) during aortic surgery, the genes for interleukin-6 and for the components of the local renin-angiotensin system (angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and angiotensin type 1 receptor subtype) are activated early in the ischemic muscle, and activation persists during reperfusion; b) interleukin-6 plasma concentration increases only in patients with tissue ischemia (aortic abdominal aneurysm), whereas no changes are detectable in patients with abdominal surgery; and finally c) the occurrence of systemic inflammatory reaction with increased interleukin-6 plasma concentrations is followed by impaired pulmonary function. |
### Instruction:
Is lung heme oxygenase-1 elevated in acute respiratory distress syndrome?
### Response:
| Heme oxygenase protein is elevated in the lungs of patients with ARDS and may contribute to the changes in iron mobilization, signaling, and regulation seen in this condition. |
### Instruction:
Are renal , but not systemic , hemodynamic effects of dopamine influenced by the severity of congestive heart failure?
### Response:
| The dose of dopamine producing an optimal improvement of systemic and renal hemodynamics in congestive heart failure is higher than usually reported. A greater clinical severity of congestive heart failure impairs the renal effects of dopamine, probably through a selective loss in renal vasodilating capacity. |
### Instruction:
Do patients with carcinoid syndrome exhibit symptoms of aggressive impulse dysregulation?
### Response:
| Impulse control disorders are prevalent in patients with carcinoid syndrome. The serotonin production by the tumor possibly decreases the tryptophan pool in the cerebrospinal fluid, which is the essential substrate for the production of brain serotonin as a pivotal neurotransmitter. |
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