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### Instruction:
Are xPD and XRCC1 genetic polymorphisms prognostic factors in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum chemotherapy?
### Response:
| Genetic polymorphisms in XPD and XRCC1 may be important prognostic factors in platinum-treated patients with advanced NSCLC. |
### Instruction:
Does efficacy and safety of specific immunotherapy to mosquito bite?
### Response:
| S.I.T with an extract of Aedes communis produced after 18 months of treatment a significant improvement of allergic symptoms, a decrease of symptom and drug consumption scores and of allergen specific nasal reactivity. S.I.T in mosquito bite allergy appears to be effective and safe in the treatment of both cutaneous and respiratory symptoms. |
### Instruction:
Does administration of tibolone decrease 24 h heart rate but not blood pressure of post-menopausal women?
### Response:
| In post-menopausal women, administration of tibolone does not influence 24 h blood pressure but reduces heart rate. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Isolation and structure identification of the chemical constituents from pine needles of Pinus massoniana Lamb ]?
### Response:
| Compound I is a new compound, and compounds II, III and IV were isolated from this plant for the first time. |
### Instruction:
Does cyclosporin exposure correlate with 1 year graft function and histological damage in renal transplanted patients?
### Response:
| Higher C(2) levels, within the proposed target range values, seem to be associated with better renal function and structure. |
### Instruction:
Are up for grabs -- authors a dime a dozen : the problem of multiple authors?
### Response:
| The solution to this problem may be found in one of two ways: strict enforcement of standards of authorship by journal editors, i.e., rejection of articles, no matter how good they may appear to be, because they violate these standards, and/or adoption of authorship standards as understood by commercial publishers. |
### Instruction:
Does surfactant administration acutely affect cerebral and systemic hemodynamics and gas exchange in very-low-birth-weight infants?
### Response:
| The increases in mCBFv after surfactant administration were predominantly due to increases in Paco(2) and not changes in MABP. |
### Instruction:
Does supplementation of milk formula with galacto-oligosaccharides improve intestinal micro-flora and fermentation in term infants?
### Response:
| Supplementing infant formula with GOS at a concentration of 0.24 g/dl stimulates the growth of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli in the intestine and stool characteristics are similar to in term infants fed with human milk. |
### Instruction:
Do preterm male infants need more initial respiratory support than female infants?
### Response:
| The exact mechanisms responsible for the gender differences, with a better chance of survival of female infants, remain to be determined. The paper by Elsmén et al. provides an important contribution to this most important area of clinical research. |
### Instruction:
Are levels of the DNA adduct , N7-methyldeoxyguanosine , associated with increased risk of failure of treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia?
### Response:
| The association between pre-treatment levels of DNA damage induced by methylating agents and subsequent treatment failure implicates methylating agent exposure as a causative factor in treatment failure. |
### Instruction:
Does endothelin A receptor blockade alter PSA secretion in prostate cancer cell lines?
### Response:
| Blockade of the ETA receptor does not affect the secretion of PSA in prostate cancer cell lines. |
### Instruction:
Is endoscopic measurement of Barrett 's esophagus length unreliable - a prospective comparative biopsy study?
### Response:
| In the majority of patients, there is only a moderate correlation between the endoscopic and the histological extent of BE. However, we also found a substantial individual variability in endoscopic-histological correlation; therefore studies on the effects of treatment on BE must consider both the endoscopic and histopathological BE lengths. |
### Instruction:
Does novel in-line multielectrode radiofrequency ablation considerably reduce blood loss during liver resection in an animal model?
### Response:
| In-line RFA makes liver resection easier with minimal blood loss and may make cirrhotic liver resection easier with minimal blood loss. This is likely to improve the operative safety of liver resection. |
### Instruction:
Is insulin resistance in nondiabetic patients associated with expansive remodeling in coronary arterial lesions?
### Response:
| Insulin resistance independently predicted expansive remodeling, underscoring the importance of insulin resistance in coronary atheroscrelosis. |
### Instruction:
Does continuous periaortic infusion improve doxycycline efficacy in experimental aortic aneurysms?
### Response:
| Continuous periaortic infusion lowers the effective doxycycline dose for experimental AAA limitation. Alternative biologic inhibition strategies might also be amenable to direct intra-aortic or juxta-aortic delivery. Periaortic infusion might improve the clinical outcome of minimally invasive AAA treatment strategies. Clinical relevance Aneurysm remodeling may continue after successful endovascular AAA exclusion. Continued proteolytic activity within the aneurysm wall potentiates late graft migration and failure. The doxycycline infusion system developed in these experiments may serve as a prototype for adjuvant treatment modalities that complement endovascular AAA exclusion. Local delivery of doxycycline or other agents active in AAA disease, either continuously or at selected intervals after graft implantation, may stabilize the wall and aid in maintaining aneurysm exclusion. Alternative delivery methods could include passive diffusion from either the graft material itself or treatment reservoirs incorporated into endografts. Given the recognized limitations of current technologies, adjuvant biologic therapies have the potential to improve long-term patient outcome significantly after endovascular exclusion. |
### Instruction:
Do health-related quality of life and health service use among older adults with osteoarthritis?
### Response:
| These HRQOL variables, especially pain frequency, can be valuable tools for estimating future health care use among older adults with OA. |
### Instruction:
Do obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms correlate with erectile dysfunction?
### Response:
| Obstructive LUTS correlated with, and were predictive of, ED, even after controlling for age and comorbidities. Although age correlated with ED, it did not add to the power of the multiple linear regression model composed of obstructive IPSS and depression. |
### Instruction:
Is rise in serum PSA of 1.5 ng/mL above 24-month nadir after external beam radiotherapy predictive of biochemical failure?
### Response:
| A PSA increase of 1.5 ng/mL or more above the 24-month nadir can be used to predict for ASTRO-defined failure after EBRT and may be used to identify patients at risk early-on. |
### Instruction:
Is staphylococcus aureus cell envelope antigen a new candidate for the induction of IgA nephropathy?
### Response:
| S. aureus cell envelope antigen is a new candidate for the induction of IgA nephropathy. |
### Instruction:
Does curcumin block multiple sites of the TGF-beta signaling cascade in renal cells?
### Response:
| Curcumin blocks TGF-beta's profibrotic actions on renal fibroblasts through down-regulation of TbetaRII, and through partial inhibition of c-jun activity. These in vitro data suggest that curcumin might be an effective antifibrotic drug in the treatment of chronic kidney disease. |
### Instruction:
Do dDR1-deficient mice show localized subepithelial GBM thickening with focal loss of slit diaphragms and proteinuria?
### Response:
| The loss of cell-matrix communication in DDR1-deficient podocytes appears to result in excess synthesis of basement membrane proteins leading to disturbed anchorage of foot processes and disruption of the slit diaphragm. Our data suggest that the interaction between type IV collagen and DDR1 plays an important role in maintaining the structural integrity of the GBM. |
### Instruction:
Is plasmin protective in experimental renal interstitial fibrosis?
### Response:
| Plasminogen, the key proenzyme in the plasminogen-plasmin system, does not protect mice from experimental interstitial fibrosis and may have significant pathogenetic effects. These findings, together with other recently published studies in the biology of renal fibrosis, imply that effects of proteins such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) on renal fibrosis occur independently from the generation of plasmin. |
### Instruction:
Is myD88-dependent toll-like receptor signalling a requirement for fetal islet xenograft rejection in mice?
### Response:
| Islet xenograft rejection was found to persist in MyD88-/- mice. Despite a relatively lower expression of the Th1-associated cytokines IFN-gamma and IL12-p40 within the xenograft area, both the time course and morphological pattern of the rejection were essentially similar to that found in normal animals. Hence, MyD88-dependent TLR signalling does not appear to be a crucial component of acute cellular xenograft rejection. |
### Instruction:
Does hepatocyte survival depend on beta1-integrin-mediated attachment of hepatocytes to hepatic extracellular matrix?
### Response:
| Our findings indicate that embedding of hepatocytes within their normal liver ECM surroundings maintains their survival. When detached from their natural surrounding hepatocytes enter into apoptosis, unless treated with anti-beta1-integrin antibodies or RGD peptides. This knowledge will allow improvement of hepatocyte transplantation efficiency. |
### Instruction:
Does gender influence endothelial-dependent arterial dilatation via arterial size in youth?
### Response:
| The data suggest that the smaller the artery is, the more it will dilate. Further EDAD investigations are needed to predict arteriosclerosis, taking into account of the gender difference in vessel size. |
### Instruction:
Is fenofibrate effective in treating hypertriglyceridemia associated with HIV lipodystrophy?
### Response:
| Fenofibrate is an effective, well-tolerated treatment for hypertriglyceridemia associated with HLS. |
### Instruction:
Is tau protein in the cerebrospinal fluid a marker of brain injury after aortic surgery?
### Response:
| These preliminary results suggest that cerebrospinal fluid tau levels reflect brain injury. Because tau levels may separate the patients with temporary neurologic dysfunction, they may serve as a useful marker of brain injury. |
### Instruction:
Does oxygen pressure measurement during grip exercise reveal exercise intolerance after radial harvest?
### Response:
| More than 10% of patients after harvest of radial arteries had mild symptoms implying exercise-intolerance, which accorded with abnormal tissue oxygenation during grip exercise. Work habits of patients should be considered in radial harvest decisions, especially if preoperative Doppler echography indicates lower flow reserves for the ulnar artery. |
### Instruction:
Is high-dose exogenous iron following cecal ligation and puncture increases mortality rate in mice and associated with an increase in gut epithelial and splenic apoptosis?
### Response:
| High-dose iron supplementation with iron dextran after the onset of sepsis significantly increases mortality rate in this animal model. Iron-induced mortality may be mediated by an increase in gut epithelial and splenic apoptosis, whereas severity of bacteremia does not appear to play a causative role. |
### Instruction:
Does smoking cessation rapidly increase circulating progenitor cells in peripheral blood in chronic smokers?
### Response:
| The number of circulating PCs/EPCs was reduced in chronic smokers. Smoking cessation led to a rapid restoration of PC/EPC levels. The recovery of EPC levels was greater in light smokers than in heavy smokers. The decreased number of circulating EPCs would make smokers susceptible to cardiovascular disease, and even short-time cessation of smoking may be an effective means to reduce cardiovascular risk. |
### Instruction:
Does matrix metalloproteinase-9 genotype influence large artery stiffness through effects on aortic gene and protein expression?
### Response:
| Because the T allele was associated with greater MMP-9 mRNA and protein levels, the greater large artery stiffness in T-allele carriers may be secondary to excessive degradation of the arterial elastic matrix. The consequent higher pulse pressure may increase susceptibility to myocardial ischemia. |
### Instruction:
Do neurologic signs predict periventricular white matter lesions on MRI?
### Response:
| Simple neurologic tests can predict the presence or absence of PVWD on MRI. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Urotensin II induce hypertrophy of in vitro cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes ]?
### Response:
| UII may induce hypertrophy of neonatal rat cardiac myocytes cultured in vitro. |
### Instruction:
Is a calibrated paper clip a reliable measure of two-point discrimination?
### Response:
| Using a clinically relevant threshold of 2 mm, the authors found that a properly calibrated set of paper clips performed as well as the Disk-Criminator. |
### Instruction:
Does microtubule self-organisation by reaction-diffusion processes cause collective transport and organisation of cellular particles?
### Response:
| This process constitutes a novel physical chemical mechanism by which chemical energy is converted into collective transport of colloidal particles along a given direction. Self-organisation of this type provides a new mechanism by which intra cellular particles such as chromosomes and vesicles can be displaced and simultaneously organised by microtubules. It is plausible that processes of this type occur in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Does stereological analysis of the human testis after vasectomy indicate impairment of spermatogenic efficiency with increasing obstructive interval?
### Response:
| Vasal obstruction results in significant reductions in germ cells in the later stages of spermatogenesis and increases in testicular fibrosis, both worsening with an increasing obstructive interval. Testicular damage after vasectomy might impact upon the prospects for reversal. |
### Instruction:
Does a common interleukin-6 gene promoter polymorphism influence the clinical characteristics of women with polycystic ovary syndrome?
### Response:
| A common polymorphism of the IL6 promoter, although not associated with the presence of PCOS, is associated with the clinical characteristics of women affected by this condition. |
### Instruction:
Is topical ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone otic suspension superior to ofloxacin otic solution in the treatment of granulation tissue in children with acute otitis media with otorrhea through tympanostomy tubes?
### Response:
| CIP/DEX was superior to OFL in the treatment of granulation tissue in children with AOMT. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of leukemia inhibitory factor and its receptor altered in the decidua and chorionic villi of human anembryonic pregnancy?
### Response:
| This study concluded that at early human post-implantation stage, LIF is produced from both decidua and chorionic villi and may exert its major action on trophoblasts. A baseline expression of LIF and LIF-Rbeta is probably needed for early pregnancy, but AP cannot be accounted for by the defective expression of either LIF or LIF-Rbeta in most circumstances. |
### Instruction:
Is cSF levels of neurofilament a valuable predictor of long-term outcome after cardiac arrest?
### Response:
| Levels of CSF NFL give a reliable measure of the brain damage following cardiac arrest and the levels are highly predictive of poor outcome. This observation urges the development of sensitive serum assays of this marker to be used in the clinical setting. |
### Instruction:
Does intravenous insulin decrease protein breakdown in infants on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation?
### Response:
| In this pilot study, the anabolic hormone insulin markedly reduced protein breakdown in critically ill infants on ECMO. Because elevated protein breakdown correlates with mortality and morbidity, the administration of intravenous insulin may ultimately have broad applicability to the metabolic management of critically ill infants. |
### Instruction:
Does surfactant improve survival rate in preterm infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
### Response:
| Surfactant, as currently used, is associated with a lower survival rate in preterm infants with CDH. The use of surfactant replacement in premature infants with CDH can be recommended only within the context of a randomized clinical trial. |
### Instruction:
Does plasma neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity influence left ventricular mass in pheochromocytoma?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that mitogenic effect of neuropeptide Y may play a role in pathogenesis of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with pheochromocytoma. |
### Instruction:
Does tissue factor binding of activated factor VII trigger smooth muscle cell proliferation via extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation?
### Response:
| These data indicate a specific effect by which binding of FVIIa to TF on the surface of SMCs induces proliferation via a coagulation-independent mechanism and possibly indicate a new link between coagulation, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Does effects of high platelet concentration in collecting and freezing dry platelets concentrate?
### Response:
| Dry PCs should be rapidly frozen after collection to avoid a fall in pH and platelet activation. 5% DMSO performed better than TS to cryopreserve dry PCs. |
### Instruction:
Does cYP3A5 genotype have a dose-dependent effect on ABT-773 plasma levels?
### Response:
| These results suggest that CYP3A5 genotype may be an important determinant of in vivo drug disposition and that this effect may be dose-dependent. |
### Instruction:
Is mAP1B required for Netrin 1 signaling in neuronal migration and axonal guidance?
### Response:
| These data indicate that MAP1B phosphorylation is controlled by Netrin 1 and that the lack of MAP1B impairs Netrin 1-mediated chemoattraction in vitro and in vivo. Thus, MAP1B may be a downstream effector in the Netrin 1-signaling pathway. |
### Instruction:
Do c. elegans PAR proteins function by mobilizing and stabilizing asymmetrically localized protein complexes?
### Response:
| These results identify two cellular mechanisms by which the PAR proteins polarize the C. elegans zygote, and they suggest mechanisms by which PAR proteins may polarize cells in diverse animal systems. |
### Instruction:
Is the Caenorhabditis elegans centrosomal protein SPD-2 required for both pericentriolar material recruitment and centriole duplication?
### Response:
| Taken together, our results suggest that SPD-2 may link PCM recruitment and centriole duplication in C. elegans. SPD-2 shares homology with a human centrosome protein, suggesting that this key component of the C. elegans centrosome is evolutionarily conserved. |
### Instruction:
Is vEGF expression downregulated in nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
### Response:
| Nitrofen downregulates the production of VEGF during gestation and attenuates the peak seen at the onset of the canalicular stage, despite preservation of type-II pneumocytes. This effect was most pronounced in peripheral lung tissue. The authors speculate that altered VEGF expression may have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of nitrofen-induced CDH. |
### Instruction:
Does intubation alone mandate trauma surgeon presence on patient arrival to the emergency department?
### Response:
| Intubated patients with central stab wounds represent a high-risk group and should mandate trauma surgeon presence on patient arrival. Excluding stab wounds, field or ED intubation alone rarely requires emergent surgical decision-making. Therefore, field or ED intubation alone should not mandate trauma surgeon presence on patient arrival. |
### Instruction:
Does dNA-methylation analysis identify the E-cadherin gene as a potential marker of disease progression in patients with monoclonal gammopathies?
### Response:
| Methylation of certain genes can be detected frequently in patients with monoclonal gammopathies. The current data suggest that methylation of ECAD is a marker of disease progression in patients with MM and PCL. |
### Instruction:
Does albuterol help resistance exercise attenuate unloading-induced knee extensor losses?
### Response:
| Albuterol augmented the effects of REX to increase CTW and ETW. Research identifying possible mechanisms responsible for such changes, as well as the safety of REX-albuterol administration in other models, is warranted. |
### Instruction:
Does imidapril improve L-NAME-exacerbated nephrosclerosis with TGF-beta 1 inhibition in spontaneously hypertensive rats?
### Response:
| These data suggest that imidapril prevents glomerular and arteriolar damages and renal functions, through inhibiting both TGF-beta 1 production and apoptosis induction. |
### Instruction:
Are lower erythropoietin and iron supplementation required in hemodialysis patients with hepatitis C virus infection?
### Response:
| Anti-HCV(+) HD patients had higher serum EPO levels and required less EPO and iron replacement as compared to anti-HCV(-) patients. Because of the changes in iron metabolism, iron treatment should be carefully administered in HD patients with HCV. |
### Instruction:
Is bovine glue ( BioGlue ) catabolized by enzymatic reaction in the vascular dog model?
### Response:
| Good permeability (57%) was observed in this new sutureless anastomotic technique in the canine model. In contrast to previous reported studies we noticed a clear enzymatic breakdown of the glue before total disappearance. It is not yet known to what extend use of the bovine glue was responsible for this phenomenon. |
### Instruction:
Do papillary muscles attach directly to the solid heart wall?
### Response:
| This new picture of the geometry of the attachment of the PMs to the heart wall may have important implications for the understanding of their function, including the nature of the transmission of the forces between the PMs and the heart wall. |
### Instruction:
Is tissue Doppler imaging superior to strain rate imaging and postsystolic shortening on the prediction of reverse remodeling in both ischemic and nonischemic heart failure after cardiac resynchronization therapy?
### Response:
| Ts-SD is the most powerful predictor of LV reverse remodeling and was consistently useful for ischemic and nonischemic heart failure. However, PSS is useful only for nonischemic pathogenesis, whereas the role of SRI parameters was not supported by the present study. |
### Instruction:
Is pulse pressure more susceptible to the white coat effect than is systolic blood pressure : observations from real-life ambulatory blood pressure monitoring?
### Response:
| Although pulse pressure is related to the mechanical properties of large arteries, it is also influenced by the white coat effect, a neurogenic process. Furthermore, in hypertensive but not in normotensive subjects, the white coat effect on pulse pressure is significantly more pronounced than on SBP. |
### Instruction:
Do macular burn after transpupillary thermotherapy for occult choroidal neovascularization?
### Response:
| Prolonged choroidal filling may be a risk factor for macular burn and choroidal occlusion after transpupillary thermotherapy. In such cases, we suggest that transpupillary thermotherapy should be considered with caution and, when applied, that its intensity should be reduced. |
### Instruction:
Is screening flexible sigmoidoscopy using an upper endoscope better tolerated by women?
### Response:
| Screening FS in women using an upper endoscope is a feasible approach to colorectal cancer screening. Patients screened with an upper endoscope reported less pain and discomfort compared to standard sigmoidoscope while overall satisfaction did not differ. The trend toward increased polyp detection in patients undergoing FS with an upper endoscope may be related to a more thorough examination due to less patient discomfort and/or an increased depth of insertion of the upper endoscope. Thinner, more flexible endoscopes should be considered when performing screening FS in women. |
### Instruction:
Is hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system regulation in recently detoxified alcoholics altered by one week of treatment with acamprosate?
### Response:
| We conclude that 1 week of acamprosate treatment does not attenuate the HPA dysregulation ob-served during early abstinence. |
### Instruction:
Is perihematomal edema in primary intracerebral hemorrhage plasma derived?
### Response:
| Acute perihematomal oligemia occurs in acute ICH but is not associated with MRI markers of ischemia and is unrelated to edema formation. Increased rates of water diffusion in the perihematomal region independently predict edema volume, suggesting the latter is plasma derived. |
### Instruction:
Does simultaneous stimulation of GABA and beta adrenergic receptors stabilize isotypes of activated adenylyl cyclase heterocomplex?
### Response:
| Simultaneous signals arriving at a particular synapse converge on molecular detectors of coincidence and trigger specific biochemical events. We hypothesize that this phenomenon comes from the complex molecular architectures involved, including scaffolding proteins that make reciprocal interactions between associated molecules possible. The biochemistry of simultaneous signaling is addressed as a key to synaptic function. |
### Instruction:
Does nF-kappaB p50 facilitate neutrophil accumulation during LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation?
### Response:
| p50 makes essential contributions to neutrophil accumulation elicited by LPS in the lungs. This p50-dependent pathway for neutrophil accumulation can be overcome by bacterial products other than LPS and does not require IL-6. |
### Instruction:
Does a new scoring system for the chances of identifying a BRCA1/2 mutation outperform existing models including BRCAPRO?
### Response:
| The scoring system is useful in identifying mutations particularly in BRCA2. The algorithm may need modifying to include pathological data when calculating whether to screen for BRCA1 mutations. It is considerably less time-consuming for clinicians than using computer models and if implemented routinely in clinical practice will aid in selecting families most suitable for DNA sampling for diagnostic testing. |
### Instruction:
Do real-time monitoring of keratin 5 expression during burn re-epithelialization?
### Response:
| EGFP expression correlated with K5 expression during wound healing and therefore serves as a good marker of re-epithelialization. This transgenic model allows noninvasive, real-time assessment of in vivo K5 expression and will be useful in the study of wound healing. |
### Instruction:
Does in vivo electroporation enhance plasmid-based gene transfer of basic fibroblast growth factor for the treatment of ischemic limb?
### Response:
| These data suggest that in vivo electroporation enhances bFGF gene transfer for the treatment of ischemic limb muscles. |
### Instruction:
Do macrophages play a role in the early phase of corneal allograft rejection in rats?
### Response:
| To prevent or delay graft rejection, it is necessary to administer clodronate liposomes in the early phase after corneal transplantation. These results suggest a role for macrophages in the afferent phase of corneal graft rejection. |
### Instruction:
Does muscle glycogen depletion alter oxygen uptake kinetics during heavy exercise?
### Response:
| The results indicate that the VO2 response to heavy constant-load exercise can be altered by depletion of glycogen in the Type II muscle fibers, lending support to the theory that muscle fiber recruitment influences both the VO2 primary and slow component amplitudes during heavy intensity exercise. |
### Instruction:
Does slow-twitch fiber glycogen depletion elevate moderate-exercise fast-twitch fiber activity and O2 uptake?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that previous glycogen depletion of ST fibers enhances FT fiber recruitment, elevates O2 cost, and causes a slow component of VO2 during dynamic exercise with no blood lactate accumulation or muscular acidosis. These findings suggest that FT fiber recruitment elevates energy requirement of dynamic exercise in humans and support an important role of active FT fibers in producing the slow component of VO2 |
### Instruction:
Do morphologic characteristics of central pulmonary thromboemboli predict haemodynamic response in massive pulmonary embolism?
### Response:
| Haemodynamic stabilization is achieved faster in patients with mobile central thromboemboli detected by transesophageal echocardiography during MPE. |
### Instruction:
Are matrix metalloproteinase activities altered in the heart and plasma during endotoxemia?
### Response:
| Endotoxemia induced rapid changes in MMP activity in both the myocardium and plasma. An increase in circulating MMP-9 activity may contribute to endotoxemic cardiovascular dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Is computerized physician order entry of diagnostic tests in an intensive care unit associated with improved timeliness of service?
### Response:
| Introduction of computerized physician order entry for ordering "stat" tests in an intensive care unit is associated with improved timeliness of these tests. |
### Instruction:
Do transcutaneous bilirubin measurements and serum total bilirubin levels in indigenous African infants?
### Response:
| From these results, we can conclude that TcB measurements are a useful and reliable index for estimating STB levels in pigmented neonates, including those with hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus. In the absence of reliable STB measurements, the relatively simple and noninvasive TcB measurements can be an important adjunct in directing phototherapy and exchange transfusions, thereby preventing bilirubin-induced morbidity and mortality in low-technology clinical environments. |
### Instruction:
Is plasma vascular endothelial growth factor level elevated in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease?
### Response:
| Unlike established coronary risk factors, the plasma VEGF level may be associated with only severe coronary ischemia such as multiple coronary vessel disease. |
### Instruction:
Do [ SNC19/ST14 gene transfection and expression influence the biological behavior of colorectal cancer cells ]?
### Response:
| SNC19/ST14 gene was successfully expressed into the RKO cell line, and could influence on the cell cytoskeletal protein (F-actin) organization and on cell adherence ability to ECM, but could not make the cell cycle, apoptosis and proliferation ability change significantly. |
### Instruction:
Is testosterone enanthate therapy effective and independent of SRD5A2 and AR gene polymorphisms in boys with micropenis?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that administration of 25 mg TE is effective for micropenis in prepubertal boys with no SRD5A2 or AR mutation, with variable but significant PL increments, and that the penile responsiveness to TE therapy is independent of the V89L and the CAG repeat length polymorphisms. |
### Instruction:
Is anterior cingulate activation in high trait anxious subjects related to altered error processing during decision making?
### Response:
| These results support the idea that HTA subjects devote more processing resources to decision making than do NTA subjects during times in which there is little chance of incorrect responding (i.e., the low-error-rate condition). The extent to which this altered activation within the anterior cingulate contributes to anxiety-proneness remains to be determined. |
### Instruction:
Do pre-procedural plasma levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 predict late coronary angiographic restenosis after elective stenting?
### Response:
| Coronary stenting is associated with transient increases in both CRP and IL-6 levels. However, pre-procedural CRP and IL-6 levels do not predict late coronary angiographic restenosis. |
### Instruction:
Do the methods for handling missing data in clinical trials influence sample size requirements?
### Response:
| These results can help investigators plan clinical trials to select the primary outcome and a priori specify the way missing data will be handled. |
### Instruction:
Does gene transfer of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor improve the function of lung allografts?
### Response:
| Recipient intramuscular Ad.sTNF-RI-Ig gene transfer improves allograft function in a well-established model of acute rejection. Maximum benefit was observed when transfection occurred 24 hours before transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Is statin therapy associated with improved patency of autogenous infrainguinal bypass grafts?
### Response:
| Statin therapy is associated with improved graft patency after infrainguinal bypass grafting with saphenous vein. |
### Instruction:
Is plasma sex hormone-binding globulin rather than corticosteroid-binding globulin a marker of insulin resistance in obese adult males?
### Response:
| We conclude that plasma SHBG is another surrogate marker for insulin resistance in obese males but not in obese females. It also appears that plasma CBG is not a useful marker of insulin resistance in patients with the metabolic syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Does ketamine decrease postoperative pain after remifentanil-based anaesthesia for tonsillectomy in adults?
### Response:
| Small-dose of ketamine does not seem to be a useful adjunct to remifentanil-based anaesthesia during short, painful surgical procedures. |
### Instruction:
Does mycophenolate mofetil prevent transplant arteriosclerosis by direct inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation?
### Response:
| MMF treatment might have preventive potential in transplant patients with chronic vasculopathy through inhibition of VSMC proliferation. |
### Instruction:
Is obesity an important determinant of baseline serum C-reactive protein concentration in monozygotic twins , independent of genetic influences?
### Response:
| CRP was strongly related to total and central abdominal obesity, blood pressure, and lipid levels, independent of genetic influences. These relationships are likely to contribute significantly to prospective associations between CRP and type 2 diabetes and coronary events. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of mTOR signaling with rapamycin regress established cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload?
### Response:
| Rapamycin may be a therapeutic tool to regress established cardiac hypertrophy and improve cardiac function. |
### Instruction:
Is mitral annular calcification associated with osteoporosis in women?
### Response:
| MAC is associated with osteoporosis. Bone mineral density measurement (T-scores) and age were highly predictive of MAC in women. |
### Instruction:
Is human hibernating myocardium jeopardized by apoptotic and autophagic cell death?
### Response:
| In HHM, ubiquitin-related autophagic cell death and apoptosis cause a loss of myocytes. This plays an important role in progressive tissue damage and causes a reduction of the extent of functional recovery of HHM. |
### Instruction:
Does chronic overexposure to cadmium fume associated with IgA mesangial glomerulonephritis?
### Response:
| IgA mesangial glomerulonephritis is a disease of unknown aetiology which has been associated with other diseases. Chronic overexposure to cadmium may contribute to the development of this nephrophathy. |
### Instruction:
Does multisystem organ failure predict mortality of ICU patients with acute respiratory failure secondary to AIDS-related PCP?
### Response:
| The modified MSOF score and the serum LDH level are the best predictors of mortality of patients admitted to ICU with ARF secondary to AIDS-related PCP. The performance of the MSOF score was enhanced when the LDH level was added. The AIDS score, APACHE II, and the acute lung injury score were not found to be useful in this group of critically ill patients. |
### Instruction:
Does spontaneous cerebral hypothermia diminish focal infarction in rat brain?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that in the present model of transient focal ischemia, spontaneous cooling of the brain during ischemia diminishes the extent of focal infarction, relative to that observed when cerebral hypothermia is prevented or delayed for 40 minutes. |
### Instruction:
Do antioxidants attenuate microvascular changes in the early phase of experimental pneumococcal meningitis in rats?
### Response:
| These data show that pneumococcal cell wall components containing teichoic acid produce changes in regional cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, and brain water content and that oxygen radicals contribute to these pathophysiological alterations in the early phase of experimental pneumococcal meningitis. |
### Instruction:
Does selective brain cooling during and after prolonged global ischemia reduce cortical damage in rats?
### Response:
| This study shows that selective brain cooling increases survival from prolonged global ischemia and reduces neuronal injury in the cerebral cortex as well as the striatum and hippocampus. |
### Instruction:
Does metabolic vasodilatation with glucose-insulin-potassium change the heterogeneous distribution of coronary blood flow in the dog?
### Response:
| GIK transiently increases myocardial O2 uptake following a raised cardiac output, caused by a hyperosmolarity induced rise in cardiac contractility rather than by haemodilution. Although myocardial O2 supply is distributed heterogeneously, the fractional rise with GIK is almost equal among regions. At constant lactate extraction, increased venous PO2 and decreased O2 extraction do not indicate overperfusion in some regions at the cost of underperfusion in others, are probably caused by a small, direct vasodilating effect of hyperosmolarity, and argue against diffusional O2 shunting. As for global O2 supply to demand, the increase in regional O2 supply is probably well adapted to regionally increased demand during GIK, so that the heterogeneous distribution of O2 supply can be explained by regional differences in demand and not by regionally exhausted vasodilatation or O2 shunting. |
### Instruction:
Is echocardiographic `` smoke '' produced by an interaction of erythrocytes and plasma proteins modulated by shear forces?
### Response:
| Echogenic smoke appears to be due primarily to the interaction of red blood cells and plasma proteins at low flow and low shear rate conditions. |
### Instruction:
Is control of sympathetic nerve activity by vagal mechanoreflexes blunted in heart failure?
### Response:
| We conclude that dogs with low-output heart failure exhibit marked attenuation of cardiopulmonary mechanoreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity. This attenuated response is mediated via cardiac vagal afferent fibers and is due to either abnormalities in cardiopulmonary baroreceptors or abnormalities in the central nervous system. |
### Instruction:
Is platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta induced during tumor development and upregulated during tumor progression in endothelial cells in human gliomas?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that the malignant phenotype in human glial tumors is associated with an upregulation of the PDGFR-beta on endothelial cells of vessels which vascularize the tumor. These findings may contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate vessel growth and differentiation in normal and pathologic states. |
### Instruction:
Does exogenous nitric oxide inhibit in vivo platelet adhesion following balloon angioplasty?
### Response:
| Exogenous nitric oxide, through the activation of platelet soluble guanylate cyclase, inhibits platelet adhesion in vivo following balloon angioplasty. |
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