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### Instruction:
Are serum anti-SS-B/La and IgA rheumatoid factor markers of salivary gland disease activity in primary Sjögren 's syndrome?
### Response:
| Measuring serum levels of anti-SS-B/La and IgA-RF would be useful when monitoring salivary responses in therapeutic trials, especially in patients with minimal salivary function. |
### Instruction:
Is left ventricular shape the primary determinant of functional mitral regurgitation in heart failure?
### Response:
| These data indicate that transformation of left ventricular shape (increased chamber sphericity) is the most likely substrate for the development of functional mitral regurgitation. |
### Instruction:
Does marked systemic hypotension depress coronary thrombolysis induced by intracoronary administration of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator?
### Response:
| These results indicate that a moderate increase in coronary inflow pressure increases the rate and extent of coronary thrombolysis compared with values during marked systemic hypotension. |
### Instruction:
Does amiodarone therapy compromise subsequent heart transplantation?
### Response:
| Amiodarone therapy before heart transplantation may contribute to occasional pulmonary complications but does not significantly increase perioperative morbidity or mortality with the regimens used in this retrospective study. |
### Instruction:
Does transient umbilical cord occlusion cause hippocampal damage in the fetal sheep?
### Response:
| An isolated and brief period of umbilical cord occlusion in utero can cause predominantly hippocampal damage without persistent functional changes in cortical activity and with rapid recovery of other potential indicators of fetal asphyxia. |
### Instruction:
Does selective pelvic and periaortic lymphadenectomy increase morbidity in surgical staging of endometrial carcinoma?
### Response:
| Selective pelvic and periaortic lymphadenectomy in patients with endometrial carcinoma does not significantly add to morbidity from hysterectomy, which is related primarily to other factors such as patient weight, age, and race; operating time; and surgeon. |
### Instruction:
Does activation of bovine endothelial thromboxane receptors trigger release of prostacyclin but not EDRF?
### Response:
| In contrast to bradykinin linked receptors on AG4762 endothelial cells, which are coupled to the release of both prostacyclin and EDRF, activation of thromboxane A2 receptors on these cells selectively triggers release of PGI2 but not EDRF. Further, based on the distinct effects of ionomycin and staurosporine, it appears that agonist stimulated PGI2 release from these cells is mediated predominantly by protein kinase C, rather than by rises in intracellular Ca2+. This observation contrasts with previously described mechanisms of PGI2 release from endothelium obtained from other sources. |
### Instruction:
Does myocardial stretch alter twitch characteristics and Ca2+ loading of sarcoplasmic reticulum in rat ventricular muscle?
### Response:
| The data on the intrinsic timing of the twitch characteristics coupled with rapid cooling contracture analysis suggests a fractional calcium release that is approximately 32-35% of the total sarcoplasmic reticular capacity at either long or short muscle lengths. However, the loading capacity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is greater when the muscle operates at a shorter diastolic length. This can be interpreted as meaning that diastolic muscle length differentially influences sarcoplasmic reticular calcium storage and release processes. |
### Instruction:
Do enhanced follicle regulatory protein levels accompany reinitiation of ovulatory function after parturition?
### Response:
| These results suggest that follicle regulatory protein is of little value in predicting either the onset of renewed ovarian activity or the fertile period. |
### Instruction:
Does prophylactic amnioinfusion improve outcome of pregnancy complicated by thick meconium and oligohydramnios?
### Response:
| Amnioinfusion improves the outcome in pregnancies complicated by thick meconium and oligohydramnios. |
### Instruction:
Does acute intrauterine hypoxia increase amniotic fluid prostaglandin F metabolites in the pregnant sheep?
### Response:
| We speculate that the prostaglandin increase in amniotic fluid in response to intrauterine hypoxia could eventually lead to premature labor. Whether the increase in prostaglandins is mediated by changes in cytokines is unknown at the present time. |
### Instruction:
Are human ovarian surface epithelial cells capable of physically restructuring extracellular matrix?
### Response:
| Human ovarian surface epithelial organoids may be useful for the study of normal and abnormal ovarian events such as ovulatory wound repair and cyst formation. |
### Instruction:
Are new strategies needed in diffuse malignant mesothelioma?
### Response:
| The survival was independent of age, sex, and smoking behavior. It was longer in patients with earlier-stage disease, a good performance status, a longer duration of symptoms, an absence of pain, and who were treated with combined surgery and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy using anthracyclines yielded more remissions (9 of 21) than that using nonanthracyclines (0 of 13). The remission rate after primary chemotherapy with anthracyclines (7 of 16) may be higher than in recurrent tumor (2 of 14). In future trials, stratification into primary chemotherapy and chemotherapy of recurrent cancer is suggested. There is a need for multitechnique trials incorporating primary chemotherapy. |
### Instruction:
Does diastolic vibration improve systolic function in cases of incomplete relaxation?
### Response:
| These results suggest that diastolic vibration accelerates the LV relaxation rate and that this increased relaxation improves systolic function through the Frank-Starling mechanism. |
### Instruction:
Does astrocyte activation correlate with cytokine production in central nervous system of Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected mice?
### Response:
| These results indicate that cytokines are being produced within the CNS before any inflammation and that astrocytes may be the source of some of these cytokines. Thus astrocyte activation may be key in the control and development of the CNS inflammatory processes that occur in African sleeping sickness. |
### Instruction:
Is messenger ribonucleic acid for transforming growth factor-alpha , but not for epidermal growth factor , expressed in fetal and neonatal mouse brain?
### Response:
| Transforming growth factor-alpha may play an autocrine or paracrine role in the differentiation or maintenance of murine fetal and neonatal brains. |
### Instruction:
Is clinical depression associated with impaired recovery from stroke?
### Response:
| Clinical depression occurring soon after stroke is associated with impaired recovery when patients are assessed 14 months later. Depression has a negative effect on recovery in functional status and cognitive performance and may produce deterioration in physical capacity in a number of patients. Physicians would be well advised to be alert for depression and intervene early. Effective treatment of depression may enhance stroke rehabilitation. |
### Instruction:
Are serial ECGs less accurate than serial CK-MB results for emergency department diagnosis of myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| Serial changes in ECGs during a three- to four-hour interval were associated with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction but were infrequent and less accurate than serial CK-MB levels obtained for the same interval. |
### Instruction:
Is cerebral vasoconstriction in response to hypocapnia maintained after ischemia/reperfusion injury in newborn pigs?
### Response:
| Hypocapnic cerebral vasoconstriction is maintained after ischemia/reperfusion. Since prostanoid-dependent responses, such as hypercapnic dilation, are lost following cerebral ischemia, these data suggest that hypocapnic constriction is not dependent on an intact prostanoid system and that cerebral vascular responses to CO2 involve multiple mechanisms, depending on whether CO2 is increasing or decreasing from baseline. |
### Instruction:
Do cranial computed tomographic scans have little impact on management of bacterial meningitis?
### Response:
| Although CT scans are frequently abnormal in children with meningitis, CT seldom reveals findings that require specific intervention. |
### Instruction:
Do hydrogen peroxide and reoxygenation cause prostaglandin-mediated contraction of human placental arteries and veins?
### Response:
| Placental arteries and veins show a similar prostaglandin-mediated contraction to hydrogen peroxide and posthypoxic reoxygenation, consistent with a possible involvement of hydrogen peroxide in the response to reoxygenation. |
### Instruction:
Does fructose-1,6-bisphosphate stabilize brain intracellular calcium during hypoxia in rats?
### Response:
| Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate supports adenosine triphosphate production via stimulation of glycolysis and results in the maintenance of normal [Ca2+]i during hypoxia or hypoglycemia. |
### Instruction:
Does ferrous sulfate reduce thyroxine efficacy in patients with hypothyroidism?
### Response:
| Simultaneous ingestion of ferrous sulfate and thyroxine causes a variable reduction in thyroxine efficacy that is clinically significant in some patients. The interaction is probably caused by the binding of iron to thyroxine. |
### Instruction:
Does a controlled trial of antimicrobial prophylaxis for Lyme disease after deer-tick bite?
### Response:
| Even in an area in which Lyme disease is endemic, the risk of infection with B. burgdorferi after a recognized deer-tick bite is so low that prophylactic antimicrobial treatment is not routinely indicated. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Placement in a nursing home automatically lead to increased use of drugs ]?
### Response:
| A stay in a residential home does not necessarily lead to use of larger quantities of drugs (DDDs). However, there are indications that placement may lead to a greater diversity of the drugs used. |
### Instruction:
Does pretreatment with buflomedil enhance ventricular function by reducing the dysfunctional area after transient coronary artery occlusion?
### Response:
| The results suggest that buflomedil and agents with similar modes of action may be beneficial in preserving ventricular function after transient ischaemia followed by reperfusion. |
### Instruction:
Does heparin induce alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in cultured fibroblasts and in granulation tissue myofibroblasts?
### Response:
| These results show that heparin and its nonanticoagulant derivatives influence the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in fibroblastic cells both in vitro and in vivo and that this effect is probably related to the selection of a particular cell subpopulation. They suggest a possible role for heparin during the formation and evolution of granulation tissue. |
### Instruction:
Is cardiac expression of 52beta , an alternative transcript of the congenital heart block-associated 52-kd SS-A/Ro autoantigen , maximal during fetal development?
### Response:
| Since expression of the alternative product 52beta is maximal at the time of cardiac ontogeny when maternal antibodies gain access to the fetal circulation, just prior to the clinical detection of bradyarrhythmia, a role for 52beta in the development of CHB is implicated. Although other fetal tissues express 52beta, there may be differences in accessibility of antigen or regenerative capacities. |
### Instruction:
Is concomitant pilocarpine during head and neck irradiation associated with decreased posttreatment xerostomia?
### Response:
| The use of 5 mg oral pilocarpine q.i.d. during radiotherapy for head and neck cancer and 3 months thereafter was associated with significantly less subjective xerostomia than that reported by a similar cohort of patients who had not received pilocarpine. The continued use of pilocarpine does not appear to be necessary to maintain this benefit in most patients. |
### Instruction:
Does cerebellar atrophy decrease the threshold of carbamazepine toxicity in patients with chronic focal epilepsy?
### Response:
| Cerebellar atrophy occurs in a considerable percentage of patients with chronic focal epilepsy and obviously increases the susceptibility for cerebellar AEs of carbamazepine. |
### Instruction:
Is neurocognitive impairment an independent risk factor for death in HIV infection . San Diego HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center Group?
### Response:
| The HIV-infected individuals with NP impairment had a higher risk of dying than those without impairment. This was particularly true for those meeting syndromic diagnostic criteria. |
### Instruction:
Is ambulatory blood pressure superior to clinic blood pressure in predicting treatment-induced regression of left ventricular hypertrophy . SAMPLE Study Group . Study on Ambulatory Monitoring of Blood Pressure and Lisinopril Evaluation?
### Response:
| In hypertensive subjects with LVH, regression of LVH was predicted much more closely by treatment-induced changes in ABP than in the clinic BP. This provides the first longitudinally controlled evidence that ABP may be clinically superior to traditional BP measurements. |
### Instruction:
Do the sbcC and sbcD genes of Escherichia coli encode a nuclease involved in palindrome inviability and genetic recombination?
### Response:
| We have shown that sbcCD encodes a nuclease. The purified protein has double-strand DNA exonuclease and single-strand DNA endonuclease activities. We propose that SbcCD cleaves secondary structures formed at replication forks and that the broken forks can be repaired by homologous recombination. |
### Instruction:
Is peptide YY inhibition of prostaglandin-induced intestinal secretion haloperidol-sensitive in humans?
### Response:
| PYY administered in doses producing slightly supraphysiological plasma levels inhibits PGE2-induced secretion in normal humans. Sigma or dopamine receptors (probably neuronal ones) are involved in this effect. |
### Instruction:
Does entamoeba histolytica stimulate interleukin 8 from human colonic epithelial cells without parasite-enterocyte contact?
### Response:
| E. histolytica can directly stimulate the induction of IL-8 by colonic cells in the absence of cell-cell contact or injury. |
### Instruction:
Does histological correlate to pig gastrointestinal wall layers imaged in vitro with the magnetic resonance endoscope?
### Response:
| In vitro imaging with the magnetic resonance endoscope shows three to five wall layers of the porcine gastrointestinal tract depending on the segment scanned. This degree of gut wall resolution suggests that endoscopic magnetic resonance imaging may have potential for local staging of gastrointestinal tumors. |
### Instruction:
Does use of human milk in the intensive care nursery decrease the incidence of nosocomial sepsis?
### Response:
| HM feeding in the ICN has a protective effect against nosocomial sepsis, which is unrelated to its influence on gastrointestinal (GI) flora. |
### Instruction:
Are elevated amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels during the early second trimester associated with greater risk of subsequent preterm delivery?
### Response:
| AF IL-6 at 15-20 weeks can identify patients at risk for PTD at < or = 34 weeks, suggesting that a portion of PTD cases have inciting events that take place during the early second trimester. |
### Instruction:
Does ketoconazole retain activity in advanced prostate cancer patients with progression despite flutamide withdrawal?
### Response:
| Failure to respond to antiandrogen withdrawal does not identify patients with truly hormone refractory disease. Ketoconazole retains significant activity in this setting and is extremely well tolerated. |
### Instruction:
Are outcome of liver disease and response to interferon treatment influenced by hepatitis B virus core gene variability in children with chronic type B hepatitis?
### Response:
| Core gene variability does not seem to be involved either in the outcome of infection or in the response to IFN treatment in children with HBV chronic hepatitis. Considering that most of the HBV carriers in our area acquire the infection in childhood, our data suggest that core gene heterogeneity is not a major cause of progression to chronicity. |
### Instruction:
Do management of external penetrating injuries into the hypopharyngeal-cervical esophageal funnel?
### Response:
| Overall, the consequences of an external penetrating injury become more serious in the descending levels of the funnel formed by the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus. Injuries located in the upper portion of the hypopharynx can be routinely managed without surgical intervention. Neck exploration and adequate drainage of the deep neck spaces are, however, mandatory for all penetrating injuries into the cervical esophagus and most injuries into the lower portion of the hypopharynx. |
### Instruction:
Is diagnostic phase antibody response to the human papillomavirus type 16 E2 protein associated with successful treatment of genital HPV lesions with systemic interferon alpha-2b?
### Response:
| Evaluation of the E2 antibody responses may help to identify women with genital HPV lesions who respond to systemic interferon alpha-2b treatment. |
### Instruction:
Does neoadjuvant androgen withdrawal therapy decrease local recurrence rates following tumor excision in the Shionogi tumor model?
### Response:
| Neoadjuvant androgen withdrawal decreases local recurrence and positive margin rates by 50% after tumor excision in the Shionogi tumor model. Although this model cannot address the issue of effect of neoadjuvant therapy on subclinical metastases, extrapolation of these results to the clinical disease suggests that neoadjuvant therapy may help to decrease not only the positive margin rates but also the subsequent risk of local recurrence following radical prostatectomy. |
### Instruction:
Is low synthesis rate of type I procollagen normalized during active back rehabilitation?
### Response:
| Active back rehabilitation based on vigorous exercise increases. Type I collagen synthesis in patients with chronic low back pain; this may provide a means of objectively verifying the effects of such rehabilitation. |
### Instruction:
Is increased restenosis in diabetes mellitus after coronary interventions due to exaggerated intimal hyperplasia . A serial intravascular ultrasound study?
### Response:
| Serial IVUS analysis showed that the main reason for increased restenosis in diabetes mellitus was exaggerated intimal hyperplasia in both stented and nonstented lesions. |
### Instruction:
Do plasma adenosine levels increase in patients with chronic heart failure?
### Response:
| We conclude that adenosine levels in the systemic blood increase in patients in ischemic and nonischemic chronic heart failure. Because adenosine counteracts catecholamine-, renin-angiotensin-, and cytokine-induced cellular injury, increased adenosine levels may be endogenous compensatory mechanisms for heart failure. |
### Instruction:
Does pentoxifylline attenuate LPS-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness but not the increase in exhaled nitric oxide?
### Response:
| PTX attenuates both the decrease in airway patency and the increase in bronchial responsiveness induced by LPS inhalation, without any significant change in exhaled NO, which is increased by LPS inhalation. |
### Instruction:
Are feather mites potentially an important source of allergens for pigeon and budgerigar keepers?
### Response:
| Strongly-positive AlaSTAT scores to pigeon feather mite were associated with allergic symptoms of late onset in pigeon breeders. We conclude that feather mites are a major source of clinically-relevant allergens for pigeon breeders. |
### Instruction:
Does use of thrombin inhibitors ex vivo allow critical care clinical chemistry and hematology testing on common specimens?
### Response:
| Specimens of blood anticoagulated with either 75 microM PPACK or 245 microM Argatroban can be used for either critical care chemistry or hematology testing. |
### Instruction:
Does gut endotoxin restriction prevent catabolic changes in glutamine metabolism after surgery in the bile duct-ligated rat?
### Response:
| Disturbances in postoperative GLN metabolism in BDL rats can be prevented by gut endotoxin restriction. Gut-derived endotoxemia after surgery in obstructive jaundice dictates GLN metabolism. |
### Instruction:
Does passivation of metallic stents after arterial gene transfer of phVEGF165 inhibit thrombus formation and intimal thickening?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that arterial gene transfer of naked plasmid DNA encoding for an endothelial cell mitogen may successfully passivate endovascular stents by accelerating stent endothelialization, thereby reducing in-stent thrombus and obstruction due to intimal thickening. |
### Instruction:
Are cervical specimens collected in liquid buffer suitable for both cytologic screening and ancillary human papillomavirus testing?
### Response:
| A cervical carcinoma screening technique which uses a single sample for cytopathology and HPV testing to triage equivocal diagnoses may be promising if it proves to be cost-effective. |
### Instruction:
Does transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy cause hematogenous dissemination of prostate cells as determined by RT-PCR?
### Response:
| We conclude that a positive RT-PCR PSA signal may result from release of prostate cells into the peripheral circulation after a TRUS biopsy and TURP. TURP causes greater dissemination than TRUS. Based on these preliminary data, we recommend that future molecular staging studies should be based on blood specimens drawn before performance of TRUS biopsy. This may be an important mechanism of prostate cancer dissemination meriting further investigations. |
### Instruction:
Does expression of CTLA4-Ig by biolistically transfected mouse islets promote islet allograft survival?
### Response:
| Transfection of allogeneic mouse islets with human CTLA4-Ig results in prolonged allograft survival. Although on histology mononuclear cells are present in the area of the transfected graft, they do not appear to infiltrate or destroy the islet graft. |
### Instruction:
Are alpha-2,3-Sialyltransferase type 3N and alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase type VII related to sialyl Lewis ( x ) synthesis and patient survival from lung carcinoma?
### Response:
| In lung carcinoma, ST3N and Fuc-TVII may both be related to sLe(x) synthesis, and Fuc-TVII is a more important indicator of poor prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Are evidence that `` myofibroblast-like '' cells the cellular source of capsular collagen in hepatocellular carcinoma?
### Response:
| Our findings demonstrate that activated hepatic stellate cells (i) are responsible for increased peritumour collagen production in non-encapsulated HCC and colorectal metastasis, and (ii) may be implicated in tumour capsule formation in HCC and metastasis stroma development. Thus, stellate cells may influence the local hepatic invasion by these tumours. |
### Instruction:
Does preoperative glutamine loading prevent endotoxemia in cardiac surgery?
### Response:
| Glutamine did not prevent endotoxemia during or after cardiac surgery. An increased level of TNF was common and observed also in some patients without endotoxemia. Endotoxemia did not modify regional or whole-body metabolic patterns or hemodynamics. |
### Instruction:
Are stromal fibroblasts associated with collagen IV in scar tissues of alkali-burned and lacerated corneas?
### Response:
| The enhanced expression of collagen IV by the fibroblastic cells in the stroma of injured corneas is consistent with the notion that they may contribute to the formation of basal lamina-like structures in injured corneas. |
### Instruction:
Is a mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAP-kinase ) cascade stimulated by platelet activating factor ( PAF ) in corneal epithelium?
### Response:
| The evidence presented here, that a MAPK cascade is rapidly activated by PAF in the corneal epithelium, suggests that this signal transduction mechanism can be involved in the increased expression of collagenase and other protease genes, as well as in the activation of phospholipase A2, events that occur in the corneal epithelium after PAF stimuli. |
### Instruction:
Is response to prejunctional adenosine receptors dependent on stimulus frequency?
### Response:
| These results provide evidence that adenosine agonists inhibit 3H-NE release in the iris/ciliary body via prejunctional adenosine A1 receptors linked to Gi/o-protein. However, the expression of this response was dependent on the frequency of neuronal stimulation. Hence, prejunctional adenosine A1 receptors may act to selectively limit high-frequency neurotransmission. |
### Instruction:
Does prevalence and correlate of cannabis use and dependence in young New Zealanders?
### Response:
| Prevalence rates of cannabis use in young New Zealanders were found to be higher than previously reported. A history of unemployment or of violent behaviour was associated with more frequent cannabis use at age 21. Males were more likely than females to use cannabis frequently and to meet DSM-III-R criteria for dependence at age 21. It is suggested that drug education campaigns should specifically target young males. |
### Instruction:
Is phosphatidic acid formation by phospholipase D required for transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex?
### Response:
| We suggest that the earliest site of regulation of membrane transport by PLD is within the intermediate compartment between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. |
### Instruction:
Does a peptide from the submandibular glands modulate inflammatory responses?
### Response:
| SGP-T has several biological activities that collectively help explain the ability of the CST-SMG axis to regulate inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Do power output for wheelchair driving on a treadmill compared with arm crank ergometry?
### Response:
| It is suggested that the lower level of power output for wheelchair driving is fully explained by the lower mechanical efficiency. Any improvement in power output available for ambulation must be based on wheelchair ergonomics. |
### Instruction:
Does timing of first recurrence of syncope predict syncopal frequency after a positive tilt table test result?
### Response:
| The time to the first recurrent spell predicts the frequency of syncopal spells after a positive tilt table test result, and the instantaneous risk of syncope is constant. |
### Instruction:
Does immersion in antibiotic solution prevent bacterial adhesion onto biodegradable prostatic stents?
### Response:
| Immersion in a suitable antibiotic solution may significantly reduce and even prevent bacterial adhesion onto biodegradable prostatic stents. Preventing bacterial adhesion may reduce the risk of UTI during the use of these devices. |
### Instruction:
Do preventing symblepharon formation with a gelatin sponge in the eye of a patient with an alkali burn?
### Response:
| Application of a gelatin sponge proved to be a simple and effective way of preventing symblepharon formation after an alkali burn. |
### Instruction:
Do complications of retained nuclear fragments in the anterior chamber after phacoemulsification with posterior chamber lens implant?
### Response:
| Retained nuclear fragments in the anterior chamber can cause corneal edema and reduced vision that may be reversed by removing the fragments. |
### Instruction:
Are severe allergic reactions to foods predicted by increases of CD4+CD45RO+ T cells and loss of L-selectin expression?
### Response:
| The combined assessment of CD4+CD45RO+ and CD4+L-selectin+ expression on T cells was more sensitive for the prediction of the clinical outcome of the food challenge (p < 0.01) than measurement of cytokines or immunoglobulins in cell culture supernatants. These data indicate that a shift in lymphocyte functions may predict the development of severe allergic reactions in food-sensitized children with atopic dermatitis. |
### Instruction:
Does rush immunotherapy result in allergen-specific alterations in lymphocyte function and interferon-gamma production in CD4+ T cells?
### Response:
| We show that rush immunotherapy is immunologically specific in eliciting changes in T- and B-cell responses to the desensitization antigen. The specificity and potential benefit of immunotherapy may be linked to the increase in interferon-gamma production by allergen-activated CD4+ T lymphocytes. |
### Instruction:
Is intervertebral disc reconstitution after chemonucleolysis with chymopapain dependent on dosage?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that an effective reduction in disc width compatible with later reconstitution of the nucleus pulposus can be achieved experimentally with an appropriate dose of chymopapain. These data clearly indicate that an optimal dose of chymopapain for chemonucleolysis in humans needs to be established. |
### Instruction:
Is symptom awareness affected by the subjects ' expectations during insulin-induced hypoglycemia?
### Response:
| The results support the hypothesis that the subjects' expectations influence their perceived symptoms. |
### Instruction:
Is moderate-to-severe diabetic retinopathy more prevalent in Mexico City than in San Antonio , Texas?
### Response:
| Overall prevalence of DR is similar in both cities. However, moderate-to-severe DR is significantly higher in Mexico City. |
### Instruction:
Does electrophysiology and density of retinal neurons in mice with a mutation that include the Pax2 locus?
### Response:
| These experiments show that the eyes of Krd mice have reduced ERGs and reduced cellular density. There is a loss of cells in all layers of the retina, but the inner layers are affected more severely. Consistent with this, the b-wave is reduced more than the a-wave. The normal functional dependency of the ERG on stimulus intensity and the normal response kinetics suggest the cellular losses are not associated with changes in cellular function. |
### Instruction:
Is urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor a novel prognostic factor in breast cancer?
### Response:
| This study has shown that not only cancer cells but also stromal cells have an important roles in breast cancer invasion and metastasis, and that u-PAR expression in cancer cells and stromal cells might be a novel prognostic factor in breast cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is endometrial integrin expression independent of estrogen or progestin treatment in vitro?
### Response:
| The cellular distribution of integrin expression was similar to that described in vivo. In contrast, a steroid regulated expression could not be detected in vitro. Rather, a derepression by a factor not included in our model could be responsible for the cyclic appearance of some integrins. In endometriosis, no fundamental difference of integrin expression was detected. |
### Instruction:
Does insulin-like growth factor-II participate in the biphasic effect of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on ovarian cancer cell growth?
### Response:
| These data suggest that tryptorelin exerts a bimodal growth effect on ovarian cancer cells by a mechanism involving the autocrine production of IGF-II. The effect of tryptorelin on IGF-II gene transcription in these ovarian cancer cells appears to mirror the desensitizing effects of prolonged GnRH exposure on pituitary gonadotropin production. |
### Instruction:
Does expression of mucin-like carcinoma-associated antigen in the cyst fluid differentiate mucinous from nonmucinous pancreatic cysts?
### Response:
| These data suggest that MCA determination in the cyst fluid is a promising new tumor marker for the preoperative diagnosis of mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. |
### Instruction:
Does beta 2-adrenergic dilation of resistance coronary vessels involve KATP channels and nitric oxide in conscious dogs?
### Response:
| beta 2-Adrenergic dilation of resistance coronary vessels involves both the opening of KATP channels and NO formation. L-NAME antagonized lemakalim responses consistent with a link between the opening of KATP channels and NO formation in canine resistance coronary vessels. |
### Instruction:
Is impaired glucose tolerance normalized by treatment with the thiazolidinedione troglitazone?
### Response:
| The glycemic response after a glucose load is statistically and clinically significantly improved for patients with IGT treated with troglitazone. |
### Instruction:
Is intraoral ultrasonography useful to evaluate tumor thickness in tongue carcinoma?
### Response:
| Our results demonstrated that intraoral ultrasonography is an excellent method to delineate tumor extent and measure tumor thickness in tongue carcinomas. |
### Instruction:
Is node-positive duodenal carcinoma curable?
### Response:
| Adenocarcinoma of the duodenum gives rise to nonspecific gastrointestinal tract symptoms, and diagnosis is often delayed. Despite this delay, the Whipple procedure may still be curative for patients with positive lymph nodes, a fact poorly appreciated in the surgical literature. The role of segmental resection for distal duodenal tumors is unclear. |
### Instruction:
Does compensation for spectacle lenses involve changes in proteoglycan synthesis in both the sclera and choroid?
### Response:
| Changes in scleral glycosaminoglycan synthesis accompany lens-induced changes in the length of the eye. Furthermore, changes in the thickness of the choroid are also associated with changes in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans. These results are consistent with the regulation of the growth of the eye being bidirectional, and with the retina being able to sense the sign of defocus. |
### Instruction:
Is spinal and cutaneous schwannomatosis a variant form of type 2 neurofibromatosis : a clinical and molecular study?
### Response:
| Variant forms of neurofibromatosis have presented a dilemma in classification and determination of recurrence risks in families. Previous reports have suggested that schwannomatosis is a sporadic non-hereditary condition. Patients with multiple schwannomas are likely to have a variant form of NF2 and up to a 50% risk of passing on a gene predisposing to multiple schwannoma. |
### Instruction:
Do adenoviral vectors given intravenously to immunocompromised mice yield stable transduction of the colonic epithelium?
### Response:
| Long-term transduction of colonic epithelial cells is observed after administration of adenoviral vectors by an intravenous route in selectively immunocompromised mice. |
### Instruction:
Are cardiodepressive mediators released after ischemia from an isolated heart : role of coronary endothelial cells?
### Response:
| Cardiodepressive mediators are released after ischemia during reperfusion from an isolated heart and induce a reversible negative inotropic effect in a sequentially perfused heart. It is unlikely that these agents are derived from the coronary endothelium. |
### Instruction:
Does loss of high-affinity thrombin receptors during platelet concentrate storage impair the reactivity of platelets to thrombin?
### Response:
| The loss of the GPIb alpha-located high-affinity thrombin-binding site may impair the ability of platelets to become activated by thrombin as storage time increases. |
### Instruction:
Does the platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist WEB 2170 prevent neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in rats?
### Response:
| The data support the role of PAF in the final common pathway of neonatal NEC. |
### Instruction:
Does vitamin A concentration in the liver decrease with age in patients with cystic fibrosis?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that the risk of vitamin a deficiency in cystic fibrosis increases with age. The data do not support the view that patients are at risk for hypervitaminosis by long-term supplementation with vitamin A. No correlation was found between the severity of liver disease and the vitamin A content in the liver. |
### Instruction:
Are phobic symptoms , particularly the fear of blood and injury , associated with poor glycemic control in type I diabetic adults?
### Response:
| Phobic symptoms are frequent in patients with type I diabetes. The intensity of phobic symptoms and anxiety-depression negatively influences metabolic control. Increased fear of blood and injury may lead some patients to perform few home blood glucose measurements and may result in poorer glycemic control. This suggests that, by decreasing the fear of blood, injury, and injection, metabolic control may be improved. |
### Instruction:
Is cumulative incidence of childhood-onset IDDM unaffected by pertussis immunization?
### Response:
| The comparison of the cumulative incidence of IDDM, up to the age of 12 years, in birth cohorts with high and low exposure to pertussis vaccine does not support the hypothesis that pertussis could induce autoimmunity to the beta-cell that may lead to IDDM. |
### Instruction:
Does hypertonic saline resuscitation decrease susceptibility to sepsis after hemorrhagic shock?
### Response:
| HTS resuscitation leads to increased survival after hemorrhage and CLP. Marked improvements were observed in lung and liver injury compared with isotonic resuscitation. The better containment of the infection observed with HTS resuscitation corresponds to a marked decreased in bacteremia. HTS resuscitation stands as an alternative resuscitation regimen with immunomodulatory potential. |
### Instruction:
Does vitamin E protect human skeletal muscle from damage during surgical ischemia-reperfusion?
### Response:
| Vitamin E is effective in reducing the oxidative muscle damage occurring after a period of I-R. |
### Instruction:
Does continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration attenuate polymorphonuclear leukocyte phagocytosis in porcine intra-abdominal sepsis?
### Response:
| Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration attenuates the upregulation of PMN phagocytosis of Candida; this effect disappears after CAVH is discontinued. Hemofiltration does not affect many other manifestations of sepsis, which implies that these manifestations may not be related to PMN phagocytosis capacity. |
### Instruction:
Does a complex enhancer of the chicken beta A3/A1-crystallin gene depend on an AP-1-CRE element for activity?
### Response:
| An enhancer of the chicken beta A3/A1-crystallin gene between -287 and -254 bp functions in both lens and nonlens cells and binds multiple nuclear proteins. Temporal and spatial regulation of beta A3/A1 expression in the lens may be regulated by the enhancer. |
### Instruction:
Do igG and IgE antibodies in subjects allergic to penicillins recognize different parts of the penicillin molecule?
### Response:
| Subjects who develop simultaneously IgE and IgG antibodies to penicillins show different specificities. This proves that different populations of antibodies recognize different epitopes. |
### Instruction:
Does overexpression of thioredoxin confer resistance to cisplatin in transfected human ovarian and colon cancer cell lines?
### Response:
| These results suggest that TRX may be necessary but insufficient to induce resistance against cDDP as well as other chemotherapeutic drugs. |
### Instruction:
Does low persistence predict relapse in alcohol dependence following treatment?
### Response:
| Personality features associated with onset of alcohol dependence do not appear to be the same as those associated with relapse in a sample of alcohol dependent men that excludes severe antisocial personality disorder. It is speculated that what might be considered low motivation when applied to alcohol dependent patients who relapse following treatment, may in part reflect low persistence, a personality trait. |
### Instruction:
Do soluble receptors neutralizing TNF-alpha and IL-1 block stress-triggered murine abortion?
### Response:
| Both IL-1 and TNF-alpha play a role in the pathogenesis of stress-triggered abortions, and may induce a compensatory physiological increase in suppressive activity in normal pregnancy counteracting pro-inflammatory cytokines. |
### Instruction:
Does rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm cause priming of phagocytic oxidative burst?
### Response:
| Rupture of an AAA resulted in priming of the phagocyte oxidant capacity before operative repair compared with elective AAA. Phagocyte activation is a critical component of the systemic inflammatory response that may contribute to the high incidence of systemic organ dysfunction and death in this patient group. |
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