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### Instruction: Is unprovoked proximal venous thrombosis associated with an increased risk of asymptomatic pulmonary embolism? ### Response:
Asymptomatic PE affected more than one third of patients with a first DVT. Unprovoked proximal DVT is the most important risk factor for the occurrence of silent PE.
### Instruction: Does a longer time of exposure to antiretroviral therapy improve selenium levels? ### Response:
Most of the men studied showed selenium deficiency, except for the subjects with a longer exposure to antiretroviral treatment. Thus, an adequate selenium concentration is related to better control of virology and of immunologic function.
### Instruction: Does mesenchymal stem cell application improve tendon healing via anti-apoptotic effect ( Animal study )? ### Response:
The application of MSCs to decrease re-ruptures has a positive effect on tendon strength, probably due to their anti-apoptotic effects. Mesenchymal stem cell application can be used percutaneously and is effective in clinical practice in the late stages of tendon healing.
### Instruction: Is a Polymorphism in the IL-5 Gene Associated with Inhibitor Development in Severe Hemophilia A Patients? ### Response:
The lack of other variants in the IL-5 gene of patients and controls suggests that rs2069812 may be a regulatory SNP and may have a role in B-lymphocyte development, constituting a genetic risk factor in antibody development.
### Instruction: Do changes in aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 expression during neoadjuvant chemotherapy predict outcome in locally advanced breast cancer? ### Response:
ALDH1 expression is a useful predictor of chemoresistance. The up-regulation of ALDH1 after NAC predicts poor survival in locally advanced breast cancer. Although the chemotherapy sequence had no effect on overall prognosis, our results suggest that anthracycline-based chemotherapy may be more effective at targeting ALDH1(+) breast cancer cells.
### Instruction: Is dual oxidase 2 in lung epithelia essential for hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in mice? ### Response:
Here, we present the novel finding that DUOX2-generated ROS induce AEC death, leading to hyperoxia-induced lung injury.
### Instruction: Does global transcriptional analysis reveal surface remodeling of Anaplasma marginale in the tick vector? ### Response:
The ISE6 tick cell culture line is an acceptable model for early infection in tick salivary glands, and reveals disproportionate down regulation of surface protein genes in the tick. Transcriptional profiling in other cell lines may help us simulate additional microenvironments. Understanding vector-specific alteration of gene transcription, especially of surface protein encoding genes, may aid in the development of vaccines or transmission blocking therapies.
### Instruction: Does cleistocalyx nervosum extract ameliorate chemical-induced oxidative stress in early stages of rat hepatocarcinogenesis? ### Response:
CE appeared to exert its chemopreventive effects by modulating antioxidant status during DEN and PB induced early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.
### Instruction: Is the Refit model for end-stage liver disease-Na a better predictor of mortality than the Refit model for end-stage liver disease in patients with cirrhosis and ascites? ### Response:
Refit MELD and Refit MELDNa exhibited good predictability for 3-month mortality in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. However, Refit MELDNa was not found to be a better predictor than Refit MELD, despite the known relationship between hyponatremia and mortality in cirrhotic patients with ascites.
### Instruction: Is metformin-induced thyrotropin suppression associated with cardiac effects? ### Response:
Our results show that the TSH-suppressive effect observed in patients taking metformin is not associated with peripheral markers of thyroid hormone excess, at least at the cardiac level.
### Instruction: Does intravitreal Injection of Normal Saline induce Retinal Degeneration in the C57BL/6J Mouse? ### Response:
NS is toxic to the C57BL/6J mouse retina and should not be used as a vehicle for intraocular injection. PBS is not toxic to the retina and is a preferred vehicle.
### Instruction: Does cyclovirobuxinum D suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in murine macrophages in vitro by blocking JAK-STAT signaling pathway? ### Response:
CVB-D exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages in vitro at least in part by blocking the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The anti-inflammatory actions of CVB-D may contribute to its cardioprotection.
### Instruction: Is the expression of Wnt-inhibitor DKK1 ( Dickkopf 1 ) determined by intercellular crosstalk and hypoxia in human malignant gliomas? ### Response:
In this study, we showed for the first time that the expression of DKK1 was hypoxia dependent in human malignant glioma cell lines. The induction of DKK1 by intracellular crosstalk or hypoxia stimuli sheds light on the intense adaption of glial tumour cells to environmental alterations.
### Instruction: Are owner-reported coughing and nasal discharge associated with clinical findings , arterial oxygen tension , mucus score and bronchoprovocation in horses with recurrent airway obstruction in a field setting? ### Response:
Owner-reported coughing and nasal discharge are associated with specific clinical and diagnostic findings in RAO-affected horses in field settings. While airway hyperresponsiveness differentiates best between healthy horses and asymptomatic RAO-affected horses, the absence of coughing and nasal discharge does not rule out significant neutrophilic airway inflammation. Owner satisfaction with the clinical status of the horse was uninformative.
### Instruction: Are neuroprotective effects of enriched environment housing after transient global cerebral ischaemia associated with the upregulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 signalling? ### Response:
Ultimately, these findings suggest the possibility that IGF-1 signalling may be one of the underlying mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of EE in optimizing recovery following cerebral ischaemic injury.
### Instruction: Does pI3K and Bcl-2 inhibition prime glioblastoma cells to apoptosis through downregulation of Mcl-1 and Phospho-BAD? ### Response:
Combination therapy with ABT-263 and GDC-0941 has novel therapeutic potential by specifically targeting aberrantly active, deregulated pathways in GBM, overcoming endogenous resistance to apoptosis.
### Instruction: Is harm avoidance associated with progression of parkinsonism in community-dwelling older adults : a prospective cohort study? ### Response:
A higher level of the harm avoidance trait is associated with a more rapid progression of parkinsonism in older adults.
### Instruction: Do mutations in the non-structural protein region contribute to intra-genotypic evolution of enterovirus 71? ### Response:
Unlike VP1 coding sequences long used for phylogenetic study of enteroviruses due to expected host immune escape, our study emphasizes a dominant role of non-synonymous mutations in non-structural protein regions that contribute to (re-)emergent genotypes in continuous stepwise evolution. Dozens of amino acid substitutions, especially in non-structural proteins, were identified via genetic changes driven through intra-genotypic evolution worldwide. These identified substitutions appeared to increase viral fitness in the population, affording valuable insights not only for viral evolution but also for prevention, control, and vaccine against EV71 infection.
### Instruction: Does gastric Helicobacter pylori infection associate with an increased risk of colorectal polyps in African Americans? ### Response:
This study showed that current gastric H. pylori infection is associated with an increased risk of colorectal polyps in African Americans. Patients with H. pylori induced gastritis may benefit from early screening colonoscopy as a preventative measure for colorectal cancer.
### Instruction: Is itching a significant problem and a mediator between disease severity and quality of life for patients with psoriasis : results from a randomized controlled trial? ### Response:
Pruritus appears to be an important mediator of the association between improvements in disease severity and HRQOL in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis.
### Instruction: Does epigenetic silencing of RASSF10 promote tumor growth in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma? ### Response:
RASSF10 was frequently methylated in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and expression of RASSF10 was regulated by promoter region hypermethylation. RASSF10 may serve as a tumor suppressor of esophageal cancer.
### Instruction: Is nuclear factor κB-dependent regulation of angiogenesis , and metastasis in an in vivo model of thyroid cancer associated with secreted interleukin-8? ### Response:
These studies suggest that NF-κB signaling is a key regulator of angiogenesis and growth of primary and metastatic thyroid cancer, and that IL-8 may be an important downstream mediator of NF-κB signaling in advanced thyroid cancer growth and progression.
### Instruction: Does fear extinction require Arc/Arg3.1 expression in the basolateral amygdala? ### Response:
Our findings demonstrate that Arc is required for long-term extinction of conditioned fear and contribute to the understanding of extinction as a therapeutic manner.
### Instruction: Do mKL1/2 and ELK4 co-regulate distinct serum response factor ( SRF ) transcription programs in macrophages? ### Response:
I conclude that SRF utilizes MKL1/2 to fulfill steady state cellular functions, including cytoskeletal organization, and utilizes ELK4 to facilitate acute responses to external infection. Together, these findings indicate that SRF, along with its two cofactors, are important players in both cellular homeostasis and stress responses in macrophages.
### Instruction: Do leishmania aethiopica field isolates bearing an endosymbiontic dsRNA virus induce pro-inflammatory cytokine response? ### Response:
In this study, we report the presence of an immunogenic dsRNA virus in L. aethiopica human isolates. This is the first observation of LRV in Africa, and together with the unique description of LRV2 in Turkmenistan, it confirmed that LRV was present before the divergence of the L. (Leishmania) and (Viannia) subgenera. The potential implication of LRV-Lae on disease severity due to L. aethiopica infections is discussed.
### Instruction: Does cromolyn ameliorate acute and chronic injury in a rat lung transplant model? ### Response:
These findings provide impetus for further studies aimed at elucidating the effects of cromolyn and the role of mast cells in pulmonary allotransplantation.
### Instruction: Is the phenotypic predisposition of the parent in F1 hybrid correlated with transcriptome preference of the positive general combining ability parent? ### Response:
The results revealed that the transcriptome profiles and DEGs in the F1s were highly related to phenotype bias to the positive GCA-effect parent. The transcriptome bias toward high GCA parents in F1 hybrids attributed to H3K36me3 modification both on global modification level and specific signaling pathways. Our results indicated the transcriptome profile and epigenetic modification level bias to high GCA parents could be the molecular basis of GCA.
### Instruction: Does after adjusting for bias in meta-analysis seasonal influenza vaccine remain effective in community-dwelling elderly? ### Response:
This case study showed that after addressing potential biases influenza vaccine was still estimated effective in preventing hospitalization from influenza and/or pneumonia and all-cause mortality. Increasing the number of assessors and incorporating empirical evidence might improve the new bias-adjustment method.
### Instruction: Do neuropsychological function before and after subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation in patients with treatment-resistant depression? ### Response:
Patients with TRD show slowed processing speed but otherwise largely preserved neuropsychological functioning. DBS of the SCCwm does not result in worsening of any aspect of neuropsychological function and may improve certain domains. Future research is warranted to better understand the effects of TRD and DBS on neuropsychological function.
### Instruction: Does toll-like receptor 4 signaling contribute to Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy? ### Response:
The toll-like receptor TLR4 and MyD88 signaling pathway could be a new potential therapeutic target in paclitaxel-induced painful neuropathy.
### Instruction: Does vSL # 3 probiotic treatment decrease bacterial translocation in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis? ### Response:
VSL#3 decreases bacterial translocation, the pro-inflammatory state and ileal oxidative damage and increases ileal occludin expression in rats with experimental cirrhosis.
### Instruction: Does addition of aprepitant improve protection against cisplatin-induced emesis when a conventional anti-emetic regimen fails? ### Response:
In patients with lung cancer receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy, the addition of aprepitant to a 5-HT3 antagonist, dexamethasone, and metoclopramide improves protection against CINV when the conventional anti-emetic regimen fails.
### Instruction: Does the secretome of endothelial progenitor cells promote brain endothelial cell activity through PI3-kinase and MAP-kinase? ### Response:
The present study demonstrates that EPC-derived paracrine factors substantially promote the angiogenic response of brain microvascular endothelial cells. In addition, our findings identified the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways to play a central role in mediating these effects.
### Instruction: Does autocrine VEGF/VEGFR1 signaling in a subpopulation of cells associate with aggressive osteosarcoma? ### Response:
Aggressive osteosarcoma phenotypes are mediated by autocrine VEGF/VEGFR1 signaling and improved stratification measures and novel anti-angiogenic strategies may benefit this specific tumor type.
### Instruction: Is increased urine semaphorin-3A associated with renal damage in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease : a nested case-control study? ### Response:
USEMA is independently associated with CKD in both diabetic and non diabetic hypertensive patients. Further studies may help clarify the mechanisms underlying this association and possibly the pathogenic changes leading to the development of CKD.
### Instruction: Do dietary flavanols modulate the transcription of genes associated with cardiovascular pathology without changes in their DNA methylation state? ### Response:
Our study revealed that an 8 week daily supplementation with 200 mg MOF modulates the expression of genes associated with cardiovascular disease pathways without major changes of their DNA methylation state. However, strong inter-individual variation in leukocyte DNA methylation may obscure the subtle epigenetic response to dietary flavanols. Despite the lack of significant changes in DNA methylation, the modulation of gene expression appears to contribute to the observed vascular health effect of MOF in humans.
### Instruction: Are high expression levels of the B cell chemoattractant CXCL13 in rheumatoid synovium a marker of severe disease? ### Response:
Synovial CXCL13 appears to be a marker of a more severe pattern of RA disease, characterized by increased lymphocyte activation and bone remodelling beyond the level of conventional markers of inflammation.
### Instruction: Does obesity independently influence gonadal function in very long-term adult male survivors of childhood cancer? ### Response:
Obesity is associated with gonadal dysfunction in male CCS, independent of the irreversible effect of previous cancer treatment. Randomized controlled trials are required to evaluate whether weight normalization could improve gonadal function, especially in obese survivors with potential other mechanisms than lifestyle causing their obesity.
### Instruction: Does ginsenoside Rg1 protect mouse liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury through anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis properties? ### Response:
Pretreatment of mice with Rg1 reduced hepatocellular apoptosis and inhibited inflammatory response, which was in part through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Rg1 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of IR-induced liver injury.
### Instruction: Is congenital cytomegalovirus associated with severe forms of cerebral palsy and female sex in a retrospective population-based study? ### Response:
cCMV is an important potentially preventable cause of CP and is associated with severe disability and female sex in cases reported to the ACPR. Future studies utilising prospective sample collection for cCMV testing are needed to confirm these findings.
### Instruction: Is aP-2α required after lens vesicle formation to maintain lens integrity? ### Response:
Our findings demonstrate that AP-2α continues to be required after lens vesicle separation to maintain a normal lens epithelial cell phenotype and overall lens integrity and to ensure correct fiber cell differentiation.
### Instruction: Does high-intensity intermittent cycling increase purine loss compared with workload-matched continuous moderate intensity cycling? ### Response:
Exercise-induced plasma Hx accumulation and urinary purine excretion are greater following HIIE and indirectly represents a net loss of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the muscle. The subsequent restorative processes required for intramuscular de novo replacement of ATP may contribute to a negative energy balance and in part, account for the potential accelerated fat loss observed with HIIE when compared with CON training programs.
### Instruction: Does cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis predict worse caregiver 's health-related quality of life? ### Response:
MS patients' caregivers' HRQoL is significantly influenced by information processing speed impairment of MS patients.
### Instruction: Does berberine ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats? ### Response:
Berberine treatment ameliorates RIF in a UUO rat model by inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and TGF-β1/pSmad3 signalling.
### Instruction: Does resveratrol reduce morphine tolerance by inhibiting microglial activation via AMPK signalling? ### Response:
Resveratrol directly suppresses morphine-induced microglial activation through activating AMPK, resulting in significant attenuation of morphine antinociceptive tolerance.
### Instruction: Does hepatic HMOX1 expression positively correlate with Bach-1 and miR-122 in patients with HCV mono and HIV/HCV coinfection? ### Response:
HMOX1 and miR-122 play an important role in the pathogenesis of CHC in HCV mono-and HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Reduced expression of HMOX1 in patients with HIV/HCV co-infection may indicate a worse prognosis in this group. Our results do not support the importance of Bach-1 in repression of HMOX1 in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
### Instruction: Do dual echo vessel-encoded ASL for simultaneous BOLD and CBF reactivity assessment in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease? ### Response:
Dual echo VE-ASL can provide simultaneous cerebral blood flow and qualitative BOLD contrast consistent with lateralizing disease severity in patients with asymmetric steno-occlusive disease. The methodological strengths and limitations of composite BOLD and VE-ASL measurements in the clinic are discussed.
### Instruction: Is a sheathless retrograde approach via the popliteal artery useful and safe for treating chronic total occlusions in the superficial femoral artery? ### Response:
Based on this retrospective analysis, the use of a microcatheter for SFA CTO retrograde access appears to be superior to 4-F or 6-F sheaths in terms of shorter time to hemostasis and fewer complications.
### Instruction: Do identification of neonatal near miss by systematic screening for metabolic acidosis at birth? ### Response:
Systematic screening for neonatal metabolic acidosis caused a 2.5-fold increase of case identifications eligible for perinatal audit and opened perspectives towards rationalised improvement of perinatal care, in addition to the information obtained from cases of perinatal mortality. Next to indicators of perinatal mortality, perinatal audit programs should include neonatal metabolic acidosis as an extra parameter for quality assessment of perinatal care.
### Instruction: Is low caregiver health literacy associated with higher pediatric emergency department use and nonurgent visits? ### Response:
Over half of caregivers presenting with their children to the ED have low health literacy. Low caregiver health literacy is an independent predictor of higher ED use and use of the ED for nonurgent conditions. In children without a chronic illness, low health literate caregivers had more than 3 times greater odds of presenting for a nonurgent condition than those with adequate health literacy.
### Instruction: Does inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition reverse pulmonary arterial dysfunction in lung transplantation? ### Response:
Our data suggest that lung transplantation causes upregulation of iNOS expression, and pulmonary vascular dysfunction. iNOS inhibition reverses the post-transplantational pulmonary vascular dysfunction.
### Instruction: Do iFNL3 polymorphisms predict response to therapy in chronic hepatitis C genotype 2/3 infection? ### Response:
This adequately powered study in patients with HCV genotypes 2 or 3 infection clearly demonstrates that IFNL3 genotypes are the strongest baseline predictor of SVR, in keeping with the known association for genotype 1 infection. IFNL3 genotyping can aid in therapeutic decision making for these patients.
### Instruction: Does gSH protect against oxidative stress and toxicity in VL-17A cells exposed to high glucose? ### Response:
Thus, changes in GSH levels with exogenous agents such as NAC, UDCA, BSO or DEM modulate hyperglycemia-mediated injury in a cell model of VL-17A liver cells.
### Instruction: Is down-regulation of sirtuin 3 associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma after resection? ### Response:
Down-regulation of intratumoral and peritumoral Sirt3 were both associated with poor outcome in HCC, moreover, intratumoral Sirt3 was a favorable prognostic predictor in early stage patients.
### Instruction: Does a melanoma cell state distinction influence sensitivity to MAPK pathway inhibitors? ### Response:
Although most BRAF(V600)-mutant melanomas are sensitive to RAF and/or MEK inhibitors, a subset fails to respond to such treatment. This study characterizes a transcriptional cell state distinction linked to MITF and NF-κB that may modulate intrinsic sensitivity of melanomas to MAPK pathway inhibitors.
### Instruction: Is application of a Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia ( SARA ) in Friedreich 's ataxia patients according to posturography limited? ### Response:
The SARA, in FRDA patients, correlates with stance with visual control but not without visual control which emphasizes sensory ataxia. This suggests that application of the SARA in Friedreich's ataxia patients according to posturography is possible but presumably limited and FARS, although being a more time consuming scale, may have advantages over SARA in FRDA patients.
### Instruction: Does continuous theta-burst stimulation over primary somatosensory cortex modulate short-latency afferent inhibition? ### Response:
These findings indicate that SAI amplitude is influenced by cTBS over SI but not M1, suggesting an important role for SI in the modulation of this circuit. These data provide further evidence that cTBS over SI versus M1 has opposite effects on corticospinal excitability.
### Instruction: Does reduced hepatic arterial perfusion impair the recovery from focal hepatic venous outflow obstruction in liver-resected rats? ### Response:
Reduction of HAP through inhibition of nitric oxide production worsened the recovery from FHVOO. Drugs increasing HAP need to be evaluated to reverse the hyperperfusion-induced impairment of the spontaneous course after FHVOO.
### Instruction: Does enriched environment prevent cognitive and motor deficits associated with postnatal MK-801 treatment? ### Response:
Our results suggest that exposure to an EE would be strongly beneficial in correcting deficits, notably cognitive, associated with MK-801. Given that the postnatal MK-801 treatment represents an animal model of schizophrenia, we propose timely environmental interventions might be an effective strategy in the protection against schizophrenia.
### Instruction: Is nitric-oxide-mediated cell death triggered by chitosan in Fusarium eumartii spores? ### Response:
All these data highlight NO valuable properties as a quantitative and qualitative biomarker of cytotoxic action of chitosan in conidial cells. In addition, these findings place the chitosan assayed here as a fungicide with a high potential of application in sustainable horticultural practices.
### Instruction: Do surgery residency curriculum examination scores predict future American Board of Surgery in-training examination performance? ### Response:
Within a mature PBC, early performance in a PGY1 and PGY2 PCE is predictive of performance in the respective ABSITE. This information can be used for formative assessment and early remediation of residents who are predicted to be at risk for poor performance in the ABSITE.
### Instruction: Does eHD3-dependent endosome pathway regulate cardiac membrane excitability and physiology? ### Response:
These data provide new insight into the critical role of endosome-based pathways in membrane protein targeting and cardiac physiology. EHD3 is a critical component of protein trafficking in heart and is essential for the proper membrane targeting of select cellular proteins that maintain excitability.
### Instruction: Does inhibition of autophagy enhance the cytotoxic effect of PA-MSHA in breast cancer? ### Response:
These findings demonstrated inhibiting autophagy together with PA-MSHA might be a promising therapeutic strategy in treating hormone receptor negative breast cancer cells.
### Instruction: Do noradrenergic terminals regulate L-DOPA-derived dopamine extracellular levels in a region-dependent manner in Parkinsonian rats? ### Response:
Noradrenalin neurons are indirectly involved in the mechanism of action of L-DOPA in part through the heterologous reuptake of DA in extrastriatal regions.
### Instruction: Does a MAP3k1 SNP predict survival of gastric cancer in a Chinese population? ### Response:
In conclusion, we demonstrate that MAP3K1 rs889312 is closely correlated with outcome among diffuse-type gastric cancer. This raises the possibility for rs889312 polymorphisms to be used as an independent indicator for predicting the prognosis of diffuse-type gastric cancer within the Chinese population.
### Instruction: Is sARS-CoV envelope protein palmitoylation or nucleocapid association required for promoting virus-like particle production? ### Response:
The independence of the SARS-CoV E enhancement effect on VLP production from its viral packaging capacity suggests a distinct SARS-CoV E role in virus assembly.
### Instruction: Does characteristic epithelium with low-grade atypia appear on the surface of gastric cancer after successful Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy? ### Response:
Epithelium with low-grade atypia on gastric cancer tissue, which may develop from gastric cancer cells, is frequently present after successful eradication therapy. This phenomenon could influence the practice of endoscopic diagnosis of gastric cancers.
### Instruction: Are delayed latencies of auditory evoked potential P300 associated with the severity of Parkinson 's disease in older patients? ### Response:
There was an association between PD severity and P300 prolonged latencies among subjects 65 years old or older.
### Instruction: Is the YXXΦ motif within the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ( SARS-CoV ) 3a protein crucial for its intracellular transport? ### Response:
The data suggest that the YXXΦ motif of the SARS-CoV 3a protein is necessary for Golgi to plasma membrane transport, in the absence of which the protein is targeted to lysosomal degradation compartment via lipid droplets.
### Instruction: Do mRI biomarkers identify the differential response of glioblastoma multiforme to anti-angiogenic therapy? ### Response:
MRI parameters following therapy vary based on class of AATx. Validation of clinically relevant MRI parameters for individual AATx agents is necessary before incorporation into routine practice.
### Instruction: Does chemerin suppress murine allergic asthma by inhibiting CCL2 production and subsequent airway recruitment of inflammatory dendritic cells? ### Response:
Our study demonstrates that chemerin plays a protective role in allergic asthma by suppressing airway recruitment of inflammatory CD11c(+) CD11b(+) DCs through the inhibition of CCL2 secretion by active lung epithelial cells.
### Instruction: Is mesoderm required for coordinated cell movements within zebrafish neural plate in vivo? ### Response:
We show that the movements of cells in the zebrafish neural plate are highly coordinated during the convergence and internalization movements of neurulation. Our results demonstrate that the underlying mesoderm is required for these coordinated cell movements in the zebrafish neural plate in vivo.
### Instruction: Do adipose-derived stem cells stimulate reendothelialization in stented rat abdominal aorta? ### Response:
These results suggest that ASC produce several cytokines that stimulate reendothelialization and inhibit neointimal formation in stent-deployed vessels, and that AM could mediate these effects.
### Instruction: Is caspase-3 expression in metastatic lymph nodes of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma prognostic of survival? ### Response:
Caspase-3 expression in metastatic LNs may be a potential independent predictor of poorer overall survival in patients with resected ESCC and LN metastasis. Protein expression in metastatic tumors may be a biomarker prognostic of survival.
### Instruction: Are elevated levels of pro-inflammatory oxylipins in older subjects normalized by flaxseed consumption? ### Response:
These data suggest a potential role for oxylipins in the aging process and how nutritional interventions like flaxseed can beneficially disrupt these biological changes associated with inflammation and aging.
### Instruction: Does use of statin during hospitalization improve the outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage? ### Response:
In-hospital statin use in ICH patients is associated with better functional outcome and lower mortality at 3 months and 1 year.
### Instruction: Do human blastocysts exhibit unique microrna profiles in relation to maternal age and chromosome constitution? ### Response:
MiRNAs play an important role in aging as well as chromosome constitution and have downstream effects that regulate proteins which can compromise embryonic development.
### Instruction: Is the relation between hostility and concurrent levels of inflammation sex , age , and measure dependent? ### Response:
Hostility, particularly cynical hostility, may be detrimental to (younger) women. The TNF-α, Il-6, CRP triad appears vulnerable to psychological and behavioral factors, and may be one mechanism by which cynical hostility (CMHo) contributes to increased cardiovascular risk in women. Prospective research is needed to verify this.
### Instruction: Is a decline in inflammation associated with less depressive symptoms after a dietary intervention in metabolic syndrome patients : a longitudinal study? ### Response:
The decrease in depressive manifestations after a weight loss intervention was related with adiposity, CRP and leptin in subjects with MetS.
### Instruction: Is low serum allopregnanolone associated with symptoms of depression in late pregnancy? ### Response:
High allopregnanolone serum concentrations may protect against depressed mood during pregnancy.
### Instruction: Does chronic intermittent hypoxia cause endothelial dysfunction in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity? ### Response:
CIH caused endothelial dysfunction in mice fed an obesogenic diet. Inflammation and oxidative stress were increased in CIH and an obesogenic diet exacerbated these effects.
### Instruction: Is cXCR4 highly expressed at the tumor front but not in the center of prostate cancers? ### Response:
CXCR4 seems overexpressed at the tumor front of prostate tumors, where it potentially promotes cell migration toward the SDF-1 centrifugal attracting gradient, as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition. High CXCR4 and low SDF-1 levels at tumor front were both associated with adverse histological features.
### Instruction: Do adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from ventral hernia repair patients demonstrate decreased vasculogenesis? ### Response:
ASCs derived from VHR patients appear to express fewer vasculogenic markers and form fewer tubules in Matrigel than ASCs from abdominoplasty patients, suggesting decreased vasculogenic activity.
### Instruction: Are blood cadmium levels associated with a decline in lung function in males? ### Response:
A higher blood cadmium level, within the normal range, was associated with COPD in males, including those who had never smoked. However, there was no significant association between blood cadmium levels and COPD in females.
### Instruction: Does genetics of lymphocytes influence the emergence of second cancer in chronic lymphocytic leukemia? ### Response:
We suggest that the genetic background of CLL, particularly the presence of several genetic alterations, influences the emergence of second cancer in patients affected by CLL.
### Instruction: Does targeting aurora kinase A inhibit hypoxia-mediated neuroblastoma cell tumorigenesis? ### Response:
Hypoxia positively regulates AURKA expression. Hypoxia-induced stimulation of colony formation and migration is, in part, mediated by AURKA. These findings establish that AURKA is a critical regulator of hypoxia-mediated tumor progression in neuroblastoma.
### Instruction: Does wNT5A induce release of exosomes containing pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive factors from malignant melanoma cells? ### Response:
These data indicate that WNT5A has a broader function on tumor progression and metastatic spread than previously known; by inducing exosome-release of immunomodulatory and pro-angiogenic factors that enhance the immunosuppressive and angiogenic capacity of the tumors thus rendering them more aggressive and more prone to metastasize.
### Instruction: Does cTLA-4Ig-induced T cell anergy promote Wnt-10b production and bone formation in a mouse model? ### Response:
Inhibition of CD28 costimulation by CTLA-4Ig promotes T cell Wnt-10b production and bone formation and may represent a novel anabolic strategy for increasing bone mass in osteoporotic conditions.
### Instruction: Does biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch improve insulin sensitivity and secretion through caloric restriction? ### Response:
Caloric restriction is the major mechanism underlying the early improvement of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function after BPD-DS in type 2 diabetes.
### Instruction: Does prevalence and correlate of personality disorder in the Jamaican population? ### Response:
This is the only population study of personality disorder recorded in the English-speaking Caribbean. This suggests a high risk of behavioural dysfunction in the Jamaican population, having significant implications in light of the country's high rate of crime and violence. The findings highlight the need to develop effective and targeted prevention and intervention measures.
### Instruction: Does brief mindfulness meditation training alter psychological and neuroendocrine responses to social evaluative stress? ### Response:
The present study provides an initial indication that brief mindfulness meditation training buffers self-reported psychological stress reactivity, but also increases cortisol reactivity to social evaluative stress. This pattern may indicate that initially brief mindfulness meditation training fosters greater active coping efforts, resulting in reduced psychological stress appraisals and greater cortisol reactivity during social evaluative stressors.
### Instruction: Is burnout associated with elevated prolactin levels in men but not in women? ### Response:
This study indicates that prolactin levels are higher in men with burnout than men without burnout but not affected in women with burnout. Why no association was seen in women needs to be further explored.
### Instruction: Is cD10 useful to identify gastrointestinal contamination in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration ( EUS-FNA ) cytology from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma? ### Response:
As a loss of CD10 is a consistent feature of PDA, this marker can be useful, together with CEA, to aid the cytopathologist to identify neoplastic cells in a background rich in GI contaminant cells.
### Instruction: Do on-Q pump for pain control after orbital implant surgery? ### Response:
The On-Q pain pump is widely available, low cost, and requires minimal patient manipulation for the use in orbital implant surgery. The device was safe and appeared to minimize postoperative pain in the authors' case series.
### Instruction: Does non-muscle myosin II regulate neuronal actin dynamics by interacting with guanine nucleotide exchange factors? ### Response:
Our results suggest that NM II maintains proper morphology of neuronal growth cones and the distal axon by regulating actin dynamics through the GEF-Rho GTPase signaling pathway.
### Instruction: Does talin-1 correlate with reduced invasion and migration in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells? ### Response:
High levels of Talin-1 expression are correlated with reduced invasion and migration as well as decreased malignancy in human liver cancer cell lines; the suppression of Talin-1 promotes invasion and migration. In addition, Talin-2 may be correlated with invasion and migration in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
### Instruction: Does distension of the ischemic region predict increased ventricular fibrillation inducibility following coronary occlusion in swine? ### Response:
Regional ischemic expansion predicts increased ventricular fibrillation inducibility following coronary occlusion. These results highlight the potential influence of mechanical factors, acting not only on the triggers but also on the substrate, in the genesis of malignant ventricular arrhythmias during acute ischemia.
### Instruction: Do high fluoride and low pH level have been detected in popular flavoured beverages in Malaysia? ### Response:
Due to the wide variation of the fluoride content and pH level of the drinks tested in this study, it is recommended that steps should be taken to control the fluoride concentration and pH level in beverages if dental fluorosis and erosion are to be prevented.
### Instruction: Does a new IOL with labeled accurate dioptric powers reduce the postoperative refractive error? ### Response:
Our data indicate that accurate dioptric labeling of IOLs may improve the postoperative refraction outcome.
### Instruction: Do self-report symptoms differ between younger and older dizzy patients? ### Response:
The clinician should be aware of differences in self-report dizziness symptoms in older patients. Older patients who do not have vertigo may be told that their symptoms are normal for their age, when, in fact, they may have an undiagnosed vestibular system impairment.