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### Instruction: Is physical performance associated with working memory in older people with mild to severe cognitive impairment? ### Response:
Physical performance is associated with working memory in older people with cognitive impairment. Future studies should investigate whether physical exercise for increased physical performance can improve cognitive functioning. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NTR1482.
### Instruction: Is a cut-off value of 2 cm in tumor size of prognostic value in surgically treated FIGO stage IB cervical cancer? ### Response:
The results support that tumor size is of prognostic impact in FIGO stage IB cervical carcinomas. A further substaging is suggested for tumors up to 4.0 cm maximum dimension using a cut-off value of 2.0 cm as discriminator. Patients with tumors ≤2.0 cm may represent low risk disease.
### Instruction: Is anxiety associated with the risk of dementia or cognitive decline : the Rotterdam Study? ### Response:
Our findings do not offer evidence for an association between anxiety symptoms or anxiety disorders with the risk of dementia or with cognition. This suggests that anxiety is not a risk factor nor a prodrome of dementia in an elderly, community-dwelling population.
### Instruction: Is cXCR4 expression on circulating pan-cytokeratin positive cells associated with survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer? ### Response:
This study suggests that CXCR4 may be a prognostic marker in NSCLC, and provides hypothesis-generating results, which may be important in determining metastatic potential. In future studies, we will prospectively evaluate the prognostic significance of pan-cytokeratin/CXCR4+ cells, and determine the mechanisms involved in the regulation of CXCR4 expression on tumor cells in a larger patient population.
### Instruction: Does tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) prevent lead-induced testicular toxicity? ### Response:
These findings lead to the conclusion that TP significantly lowered the adverse effects of Pb exposure on the kidney as well as Pb-induced oxidative stress.
### Instruction: Does dll1 haploinsufficiency in adult mice lead to a complex phenotype affecting metabolic and immunological processes? ### Response:
In conclusion, slight alterations in one player of Notch signaling alter the entire organism, emphasizing the fine-tuning character of this pathway in a high number of processes.
### Instruction: Does new testing approach in HLA genotyping help overcome barriers in effective clinical practice? ### Response:
Our study confirmed that the new LAMP method for detecting a specific HLA genotype is simple, inexpensive, accurate, and rapid, and may be of help in overcoming barriers in effective clinical practice.
### Instruction: Is the electric field a sufficient physical determinant of the human magnetic sense? ### Response:
The evoked potentials described here, as well as those observed previously in response to magnetic stimuli, were probably triggered by the induced electric field.
### Instruction: Does physical activity attenuate the body mass index-increasing influence of genetic variation in the FTO gene? ### Response:
Our results showed that PA attenuates the effect of the FTO rs1121980 genotype on BMI and WC. This observation has important public health implications because we showed that a genetic susceptibility to obesity induced by FTO variation can be overcome, at least in part, by adopting a physically active lifestyle.
### Instruction: Does lysine ingestion markedly attenuate the glucose response to ingested glucose without a change in insulin response? ### Response:
Lysine ingestion results in a small decrease in serum glucose and an increase in glucagon and insulin concentrations. Lysine ingested with glucose dramatically attenuated the glucose-stimulated glucose response, but there was no change in insulin response. Whether similar effects will be observed with more physiologic doses of lysine remains to be determined.
### Instruction: Is an obesogenic postnatal environment more important than the fetal environment for the development of adult adiposity : a study of female twins? ### Response:
A higher birth weight is associated with a higher proportion of lean to fat mass as adults. However, these analyses suggest that this association is not determined by individual specific factors in utero (eg, fetal nutrition) but through factors in the shared common environment of the twins.
### Instruction: Does a yearlong exercise intervention decrease CRP among obese postmenopausal women? ### Response:
A moderate-intensity exercise intervention reduced CRP for 12 months among women who were obese at baseline. These findings support the role of exercise in modulating inflammatory processes that are related to increased risk of chronic disease among obese women.
### Instruction: Is helicobacter pylori coinfection a confounder , modulating mucosal inflammation in oral submucous fibrosis? ### Response:
The contribution of the H pylori in dental plaque to mucosal inflammation and periodontal disease was significant. Logistic regression analysis showed gastrointestinal disease and poor oral hygiene as being the greatest risk factors for bacterial colonization, irrespective of the subject groups. A positive correlation exists between RUT reactivity and the frequency of mucosal inflammation.
### Instruction: Does a common variant in the adiponutrin gene influence liver enzyme values? ### Response:
The highly significant associations of this transversion polymorphism within the adiponutrin gene with increased ALT and AST concentrations support a role for adiponutrin as a susceptibility gene for hepatic dysfunction.
### Instruction: Is dietary fibre intake inversely associated with carotid intima-media thickness : a cross-sectional assessment in the PREDIMED study? ### Response:
Our results suggest that high fibre intake is inversely associated with carotid atherosclerosis.
### Instruction: Does lactobacillus fermentum BCS87 express mucus- and mucin-binding proteins on the cell surface? ### Response:
Adhesion of Lact. fermentum BCS87 appeared to be mediated by two surface-associated proteins. 32-Mmubp is a component of ABC transporter system that also functions as an adhesin.
### Instruction: Does early low protein diet aggravate unbalance between antioxidant enzymes leading to islet dysfunction? ### Response:
Modification in antioxidant activity by maternal low protein diet could predispose to pancreatic islet dysfunction later in life and provide new insights to define a molecular mechanism responsible for intrauterine programming of endocrine pancreas.
### Instruction: Is disagreement in preference for residential care between family caregivers and elders greater among cognitively impaired elders group than cognitively intact elders group? ### Response:
Cognitively intact elders were more likely to indicate preference for residential care than cognitively impaired elders. Elders, both cognitively intact and impaired, were less likely than their caregivers to indicate preference for residential care. Disagreement in preference for residential care between the elders and their caregivers was larger for the cognitively impaired group than the cognitively intact group.
### Instruction: Are hER1-4 protein concentrations in normal breast tissue from breast cancer patients expressed by the same profile as in the malignant tissue? ### Response:
We suggest that these findings indicate that breast cancer is a systemic disease where the HER1-4 system in autologous reference tissue is continuously activated, thus favoring the subsequent development of cancer.
### Instruction: Is interstitial cystitis an etiology of chronic pelvic pain in young women? ### Response:
The results of this study suggest that interstitial cystitis is an etiology of CPP in young women. Evaluation of the bladder as an origin of pelvic pain is warranted in young women with CPP and urinary frequency or dyspareunia.
### Instruction: Does p16 improve interobserver agreement in diagnosis of anal intraepithelial neoplasia? ### Response:
Interobserver agreement for diagnosis of AIN was fair when based solely on H&E preparation. p16 alone improved interobserver agreement and demonstrated superior agreement when compared with H&E, Ki-67, and H&E/p16/Ki-67 combined.
### Instruction: Is chromosome 9p21 polymorphism associated with myocardial infarction but not with clinical outcome in Han Chinese? ### Response:
This study demonstrates an association of rs1333049 polymorphism locus on chromosome 9p21 with risk for MI, but not with post-MI prognosis in Han Chinese.
### Instruction: Do intravenous immunoglobulin and salicylate differentially modulate pathogenic processes leading to vascular damage in a model of Kawasaki disease? ### Response:
Therapeutic concentrations of IVIG and salicylate differentially modulate the expression of TNFalpha and its downstream effects. Further dissection of the biologic effects of aspirin in acute KD is necessary for the rational design of therapy.
### Instruction: Is variation at the ANP32A gene associated with risk of hip osteoarthritis in women? ### Response:
Our results provide evidence suggesting that ANP32A is involved in the pathogenesis of OA of the hip.
### Instruction: Is fibroblast growth factor 2 an intrinsic chondroprotective agent that suppresses ADAMTS-5 and delays cartilage degradation in murine osteoarthritis? ### Response:
These data identify FGF-2 as a novel endogenous chondroprotective agent in articular cartilage.
### Instruction: Does interaction of serotonin-related genes affect short-term antidepressant response in major depressive disorder? ### Response:
These results support the hypothesis that GNB3, HTR2A, and SLC6A4 may play a role in the outcome of short-term antidepressant treatment for MDD in an interactive manner. Future research with independent replication using large sample sizes is needed to confirm the functions of the candidate genes identified in this study as being involved in short-term antidepressant treatment response.
### Instruction: Does fusobacterium nucleatum enter normal human oral fibroblasts in vitro? ### Response:
F. nucleatum was capable of entering GFs and PLFs in a manner that is dependent on the cell type and the bacterial strain.
### Instruction: Do measures in the first year of therapy predict the response to interferon beta in MS? ### Response:
In RRMS patients treated with IFNbeta, the combination of measures of disease activity and the presence of new active lesions on MRI may have a prognostic value for identifying patients with disease activity in the second and third year of therapy.
### Instruction: Do hB-EGF-induced VEGF production and eNOS activation depend on both PI3 kinase and MAP kinase in HaCaT cells? ### Response:
These results demonstrate that HB-EGF-induced eNOS activation depends on p42/p44 MAPK, PI3K/Akt pathways and endogenous VEGF in HaCaT cells.
### Instruction: Do splenic stromal niches support hematopoiesis of dendritic-like cells from precursors in bone marrow and spleen? ### Response:
The outcome has been development of a coculture system that supports hematopoiesis of immature myeloid dendritic-like cells in vitro. Although production of monocytes can occur in the presence of stroma-conditioned medium alone, production of DC is dependent on stromal cell interaction. Results presented here raise questions about the role of spleen as a site for DC hematopoiesis from endogenous precursors.
### Instruction: Is gng12 a novel negative regulator of LPS-induced inflammation in the microglial cell line BV-2? ### Response:
Modulating Gng12 mRNA levels using RNAi revealed a novel role for the factor in the negative regulation of the overall inflammatory response as based on effects on nitrite and TNFalpha levels. These data suggest that Gng12 is a negative regulator of the LPS response and may be an important factor in the overall inflammatory signaling cascade.
### Instruction: Does sustained release of erythropoietin using biodegradable gelatin hydrogel microspheres persistently improve lower leg ischemia? ### Response:
The present drug delivery system is suggested to have potential as a novel noninvasive therapy for ischemic peripheral artery disease.
### Instruction: Does an imbalance between apoptosis and proliferation contribute to follicular persistence in polycystic ovaries in rats? ### Response:
These results show that the combination of weak proliferation indices and low apoptosis observed in follicular cysts, could explain the cause of the slow growth of cystic follicles and the maintenance of a static condition without degeneration, which leads to their persistence. These alterations may be due to structural and functional modifications that take place in these cells and could be related to hormonal changes in animals with this condition.
### Instruction: Is early activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 associated with blood-brain barrier disruption after photothrombotic cerebral ischemia in rats? ### Response:
The early activation of MMP-9 was correlated with the increase in the permeability of the BBB. Our findings suggest that MMP-9 is the key factor involved in BBB disruption and subsequent brain injury after photothrombotic cerebral ischemia in rats.
### Instruction: Does pretreatment with calcitonin gene-related peptide attenuate hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats? ### Response:
CGRP ameliorated liver I/R injury due to reactive oxygen species and apoptosis.
### Instruction: Does serine protease inhibitor aprotinin ameliorate renal injury in a rat model of ischemia-perfusion injury? ### Response:
Our results suggest that administration of aprotinin attenuates renal I/R injury. This observation has potential application for kidney preservation for transplantation, for aortic surgery, and for renal artery interventions by protecting cells from free radical damage.
### Instruction: Is diffusion tensor imaging of the posterior cingulate a useful biomarker of mild cognitive impairment? ### Response:
DTI of the posterior cingulate region discriminates MCI from cognitively normal individuals with accuracy and has the potential to be used as a biomarker of MCI, in particular aMCI.
### Instruction: Do osteoblasts play key roles in the mechanisms of action of strontium ranelate? ### Response:
Our results demonstrate that osteoblasts play a key role in the mechanism of action of the anti-fracture agent, strontium ranelate by mediating both its anabolic and anti-resorptive actions, at least in part, via activation of CaSR.
### Instruction: Do adenomatous human parathyroid cells exhibit impaired sensitivity to L-amino acids? ### Response:
Impaired L-amino acid sensing by calcium-sensing receptors in adenomatous parathyroid cells contributes to the loss of feedback control of PTH secretion in primary hyperparathyroidism. The CaR's amino acid binding site may be exploited as a target in the medical treatment of primary and perhaps other forms of hyperparathyroidism.
### Instruction: Is immunoreactive endomorphin 2 generated extracellularly in rat isolated L4,5 dorsal root ganglia by DPP-IV? ### Response:
In rat isolated dorsal root ganglia the combination of presumed biosynthetic precursor of endomorphin 2 (E2), Tyr-Pro with the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor Ile-Pro-Ile generated 1.60+/-0.37 pg/mg Wet Tissue Weight_30 min E2-IR in the bathing fluid (n=4) with an 8-fold increase upon depolarization whereas the tissue content was low (0.50+/-0.08 pg/mg_WTW). Substance P, as determined by ELISA in the pilot experiments, was found almost exclusively within the tissues. It is concluded that E2-IR was generated extracellularly by a membrane-bound DPP-IV, which was switched to "synthase" mode by the hydrolase inhibitor Ile-Pro-Ile. DPP-IV was depolarization-sensitive in "synthase" functional mode.
### Instruction: Is postprandial walking better for lowering the glycemic effect of dinner than pre-dinner exercise in type 2 diabetic individuals? ### Response:
Postprandial walking may be more effective at lowering the glycemic impact of the evening meal in individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with pre-meal or no exercise and may be an effective means to blunt postprandial glycemic excursions.
### Instruction: Is smaller amygdala associated with anxiety in patients with panic disorder? ### Response:
These findings suggested that the smaller volume of the amygdala may be associated with anxiety in panic disorder. Of note, the smaller subregion in the amygdala estimated on VBM could correspond to the corticomedial nuclear group including the central nucleus, which may play a crucial role in panic attack.
### Instruction: Do hPV16 tumor associated macrophages suppress antitumor T cell responses? ### Response:
M2-like macrophages infiltrate HPV16-associated tumors causing suppression of antitumor T-cell response, thus facilitating tumor growth. Depletion or phenotype alteration of this population should be considered in immunotherapy strategies.
### Instruction: Does femoral bone mineral density reflect histologically determined cortical bone volume in hemodialysis patients? ### Response:
The usefulness of l-BMD for predicting bone volume is limited most probably because of interference by soft tissue calcifications. In contrast, f-BMD shows significant association with cortical porosity.
### Instruction: Does bilateral L1 and L2 dorsal root ganglion block for discogenic low-back pain? ### Response:
We conclude that blocks of this nociceptive pathway in humans using bilateral DRG blocks has no therapeutic value.
### Instruction: Is daily physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mainly associated with dynamic hyperinflation? ### Response:
Daily physical activity of patients with COPD is mainly associated with dynamic hyperinflation, regardless of severity classification.
### Instruction: Is the diagnostic value of provocative clinical tests in ulnar neuropathy at the elbow marginal? ### Response:
The diagnostic value of provocative clinical tests in UNE is poor.
### Instruction: Do thyroid hormones affect recovery from depression during antidepressant treatment? ### Response:
Our study suggests that thyroid hormones may have an impact on severity and efficacy of antidepressant treatment. However, our result should be considered with caution and merely as a suggestion due to some methodological limitations. Hence further studies are required to better ascertain the role of thyroid hormones in depression after menopause.
### Instruction: Does emergency ambulance transport induce stress in patients with acute coronary syndrome? ### Response:
Emergency ambulance transportation induces a rise in plasma catecholamine levels and therefore stress in patients with acute coronary syndrome, but does not result in cardiac shock as lactate levels and haemodynamic parameters remain normal.
### Instruction: Does neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin ( NGAL ) reflect iron status in haemodialysis patients? ### Response:
The findings demonstrated that HD patients have altered NGAL values probably because this protein is involved in the maintenance of iron equilibrium. Finally, NGAL might be proposed as a new tool in the assessment of iron deficiency and in the management of iron therapy for HD patients.
### Instruction: Does hypoxia interfere with connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) gene expression in human proximal tubular cell lines? ### Response:
We provide evidence that hypoxia inhibits CTGF synthesis in human proximal tubular epithelial cells, involving HIF-1alpha. Under hypoxic conditions, induction of CTGF by TGF-beta was repressed. The reduced synthesis of the profibrotic factor CTGF may contribute to a potential protective effect of hypoxic preconditioning in acute renal injury.
### Instruction: Is increased expression of hyaluronic acid binding protein 1 correlated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer? ### Response:
HABP1 might be an independent predictive factor for breast cancer prognosis and up-regulation of HABP1 might play an important role in the metastasis of breast cancer.
### Instruction: Do ethnicity and OPRM variant independently predict pain perception and patient-controlled analgesia usage for post-operative pain? ### Response:
Our results suggest that ethnicity and OPRM 118A>G genotype are independent and significant contributors to variation in pain perception and postoperative morphine use in patients undergoing cesarean delivery.
### Instruction: Does the Ets dominant repressor En/Erm enhance intestinal epithelial tumorigenesis in ApcMin mice? ### Response:
Our findings provide in vivo evidence for a tumor-restricting function of endogenous Ets factors in the intestinal epithelium.
### Instruction: Is collagen fleece-bound fibrin sealant associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events or major bleeding after its use for haemostasis in surgery : a prospective multicentre surveillance study? ### Response:
Collagen fleece-bound fibrin sealant does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of TEEs, major bleeding or immunological events in patients undergoing surgery.
### Instruction: Is fibronectin a TH1-specific molecule in human subjects? ### Response:
Because fibronectin also plays a major role in the attachment and opsonization of numerous intracellular pathogens, we propose that it might be a critical molecule produced by T(H)1 cells involved in pathogen eradication.
### Instruction: Does nitric oxide inhibit IFN regulatory factor 1 and nuclear factor-kappaB pathways in rhinovirus-infected epithelial cells? ### Response:
Nitric oxide blocks rhinovirus-mediated activation and nuclear translocation of both NF-kappaB and IRF-1. NO also directly inhibits the binding of each of these transcription factors to their respective recognition sites in the CXCL10 promoter. In addition, the ability of HRV-16 to induce epithelial expression of IRF-1 is dependent, at least in part, on viral activation of NF-kappaB.
### Instruction: Are lung mast cells a source of secreted phospholipases A2? ### Response:
sPLA(2) activity is increased in the airways of asthmatic patients. HLMCs express multiple sPLA(2)s and release 1 or more of them when activated by anti-IgE. The sPLA(2)s released by mast cells contribute to LTC(4) production by acting in an autocrine fashion. Mast cells can be a source of sPLA(2)s in the airways of asthmatic patients.
### Instruction: Does habitat adaptation rather than genetic distance correlate with female preference in fire salamanders ( Salamandra salamandra )? ### Response:
A comparative analysis of our data showed that habitat adaptation rather than neutral genetic distance correlates with female preference in these salamanders, and that habitat-dependent female preference of a specific pond-reproducing population may have been lost during adaptation to the novel environmental conditions of ponds.
### Instruction: Are personality problems considerably associated with somatic morbidity and health care utilisation? ### Response:
In this population based study, personality problems in young adults based on DSM-IV personality disorder criteria were associated with increased occurrence of somatic morbidity and primary health care utilisation. The relevance for GP to take personality problems into account during consultations is underlined and a method for doing so is suggested.
### Instruction: Do formal definitions of measurement bias and explanation bias clarify measurement and conceptual perspectives on response shift? ### Response:
It is important to distinguish between measurement and conceptual perspectives as they involve different ideas about response shift. Definitions from both perspectives help to resolve conceptual and methodological confusion around response shift and to further its research.
### Instruction: Does desflurane selectively suppress long-latency cortical neuronal response to flash in the rat? ### Response:
The results indicate that visual cortex neurons remain responsive to flash stimulation under desflurane anesthesia, but the long-latency component of their response is attenuated in a concentration-dependent manner. Suppression of the long-latency response may be related to a loss of corticocortical feedback and loss of consciousness.
### Instruction: Is later toilet training associated with urge incontinence in children? ### Response:
For children who display signs of toilet-training readiness, training should be initiated prior to 32 months of age to reduce the risk for urge incontinence.
### Instruction: Is boule present in fish and bisexually expressed in adult and embryonic germ cells of medaka? ### Response:
The identification of fish boule and dazl genes provides direct evidence for the early gene duplication during vertebrate evolution. Our finding that Obol exhibits bisexual expression in both embryonic and adult germ cells considerably extends the diversity of boule expression patterns and offers a new insight into the evolutions of DAZ family members, expression patterns and functions in animal fertility.
### Instruction: Does preconditioning with high mobility group box 1 protein protect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury? ### Response:
The present study suggested that preconditioning with HMGB1 could induce HMGB1 tolerance and protect against myocardial I/R injury.
### Instruction: Does nox4 mediate the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 via p38 MAPK pathway in cultured human endothelial cells? ### Response:
The NADPH oxidase inhibitors DPI and S 17834 as well as Nox4 silencing decreased PAI-1 synthesis in human cultured endothelial cells demonstrating the involvement of the constitutively active Nox4-containing NADPH oxidase in ROS-mediated PAI-1 transcription via p38 MAPK pathways. NADPH oxidase targeting with inhibitors such as S17834 could be an interesting strategy to decrease both oxidative stress and PAI-1 synthesis.
### Instruction: Do subgenual cingulate and visual cortex responses to sad faces predict clinical outcome during antidepressant treatment for depression? ### Response:
The sample size was modest and patients were taking a variety of antidepressants.
### Instruction: Does notch signaling enhance osteogenic differentiation while inhibiting adipogenesis in primary human bone marrow stromal cells? ### Response:
In summary, our data suggest that induction of Notch signaling enhances the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs while inhibiting the adipogenic fate.
### Instruction: Are the oncologic results of laparoscopic radical cystectomy ( yet ) equivalent to open cystectomy? ### Response:
When stage distribution (organ-confined versus nonorgan-confined) and survival rates of laparoscopic and open RCX are cross-checked against surrogate markers (LN+, margin+, distant failure, local recurrence rate, etc.), it becomes easily obvious that the laparoscopic RCX and open cohorts are not identical. To explain the observed discrepancy, there must be a strong selection bias. Data on overall, disease-specific and recurrence-free survival on laparoscopic RCX are still immature compared with the standard of care that must remain in open RCX. To prove the noninferiority of laparoscopic compared with open surgery regarding outcome, multicenter prospective trials are urgently needed. Until then laparoscopic RCX must be considered experimental surgery.
### Instruction: Does selective pharmacological blockade of the TRPV1 receptor suppress sensory reflexes of the rodent bladder? ### Response:
The TRPV1 antagonists JNJ17203212 and JYL1421 increased the threshold for activation of the micturition reflex in the anesthetized rat volume induced micturition reflex model. This effect appeared to be mediated by capsaicin sensitive afferents. JNJ17203212 also inhibited detrusor overactivity induced by intravesical capsaicin and intravesical citric acid. These data extend our understanding of the role of TRPV1 in sensory modulation of the micturition reflex under nonirritant and inflammatory conditions.
### Instruction: Does dNA microarray expression profiling of bladder cancer allow identification of noninvasive diagnostic markers? ### Response:
Bladder cancer analysis by DNA microarrays provides new putative mRNA markers for bladder cancer diagnosis and/or prognosis that can be extrapolated to bladder fluids.
### Instruction: Is index of central obesity better than waist circumference in defining metabolic syndrome? ### Response:
ICO appears better than WC in defining metabolic syndrome in terms of better sensitivity and potential to be used with single cutoff for both genders.
### Instruction: Does nMD inhibition fail to identify tumour suppressor genes in microsatellite stable gastric cancer cell lines? ### Response:
Although UPF1 was substantially repressed, thus resulting in the inhibition of the NMD system, we did not find genes inactivated by nonsense mutations. Our results show that the GINI strategy leads to a high number of false positives.
### Instruction: Is bronchioloalveolar carcinoma ( lepidic growth ) component a more useful prognostic factor than lymph node metastasis? ### Response:
In comparison with other immunohistochemical and histopathologic factors, BAC/LG component is independently and reliably prognostic for small adenocarcinoma of the lung, and, in particular, for the major histologic subtype (adenocarcinoma mixed subtype with BAC/LG), BAC/LG component is more reliably prognostic than lymph node metastasis.
### Instruction: Is mYC a metastasis gene for non-small-cell lung cancer? ### Response:
Potential markers for detection of metastasis were identified and validated for diagnosis of human biopsies. These markers may represent targets for future therapeutic intervention as they include genes such as Gata4 that are exclusively expressed during lung development.
### Instruction: Does ischemic preconditioning attenuate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting activation of IKKbeta and inflammatory response? ### Response:
The evidence suggests that IKKbeta may play a role in renal I/R injury and give rise to the generation of NGAL. It appears that IPC may attenuate renal injury and the expression of NGAL following acute I/R injury. IKKbeta may offer a clinically accessible target for preventing renal injury following I/R.
### Instruction: Is complete soft tissue sarcoma resection a viable treatment option for select elderly patients? ### Response:
Properly selected elderly patients can safely undergo extensive STS resections. Until more effective therapies become available, surgery in the elderly is indicated and remains the best means for STS control.
### Instruction: Does triptolide promote generation of FoxP3+ T regulatory cells in rats? ### Response:
These data suggest that TPT may promote the differentiation of CD4+ cells to FoxP3+ Tregs. This would be at least one of the pathways responsible for the immunosuppressive activity of TPT.
### Instruction: Is hepaticoduodenostomy an alternative to Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for biliary reconstruction in live donor liver transplantation? ### Response:
This preliminary case series suggests that that HD is a feasible alternative to HJ biliary anastomosis when a duct-to-duct anastomosis cannot be performed. HD offers the possible advantage of simple postoperative access to the biliary system by endoscopy and avoids complications caused by HJ bowel anastomosis.
### Instruction: Does cyclosporine withdrawal improve long-term graft survival in renal transplantation? ### Response:
This study illustrates superior long-term renal transplant survival and preservation of renal function with a protocol using cyclosporine withdrawal. If long-term renal transplant outcomes are to improve, we should reconsider guidelines recommending universal maintenance use of cyclosporine.
### Instruction: Is fulvestrant treatment associated with cholesterol plasma level reduction in hormone-receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer patients? ### Response:
We observed a lipid lowering effect of fulvestrant possibly related to an influence on lipid metabolism by a mechanism in which a role could be played by progesterone receptor.
### Instruction: Are brain lesions most often reversible in acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura? ### Response:
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is the most common brain imaging abnormality in severe manifestations of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Large infarctions and hemorrhage are infrequent. Consequently, abnormal brain neuroimaging does not seem to impact patient outcome, and full neurologic recovery is possible even in comatose patients with extensive brain abnormalities on MRI.
### Instruction: Does increased production of soluble CTLA-4 in patients with spondylarthropathies correlate with disease activity? ### Response:
SpA patients exhibit high levels of circulating sCTLA-4 that may result from an alternative splicing of CTLA-4 transcripts. This may influence immune activation and regulation in SpA.
### Instruction: Does integration of Bayesian molecular clock methods and fossil-based soft bounds reveal early Cenozoic origin of African lacertid lizards? ### Response:
This study represents the first attempt to estimate evolutionary ages of a specific group of reptiles exhibiting uncertain phylogenetic relationships, molecular rate variation and a poor fossil record. Our results emphasize the sensitivity of molecular divergence dates to fossil calibrations, and support the use of combined molecular data sets and multiple, well-spaced dates from the fossil record as minimum node constraints. The bioinformatics program used here, TreeTime, is publicly available, and we recommend its use for molecular dating of taxa faced with similar challenges.
### Instruction: Does gNAS haploinsufficiency lead to subcutaneous tumor formation with collagen and elastin deposition and calcification? ### Response:
These findings provide in vivo evidence that G(s)alpha pathways inhibit fibroblast and endothelial proliferation and matrix deposition.
### Instruction: Is cytoplasm-to-nucleus shuttling of thyroid hormone receptor-beta1 ( Trbeta1 ) directed from a plasma membrane integrin receptor by thyroid hormone? ### Response:
TR-GFP translocation in the presence of T(4) requires activation of extracellular-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). Inhibition of T(4)-binding to alphavbeta3 with anti-alphavbeta3 or Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide blocks T(4)-stimulated GFP-TR nuclear translocation, as do the hormone-binding inhibitor tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) and the ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059. TR1 is an ERK1/2 substrate.
### Instruction: Does the hostile neck increase the risk of carotid endarterectomy? ### Response:
Hostile necks led to more complex CEA procedures but without substantial consequences in early and late morbidity and mortality. Most patients with hostile neck can undergo CEA at low risk, with the benefit of effective long-lasting stroke prevention similar to standard patients. In our opinion, the more frequent but temporary cranial nerve dysfunctions that occur are not sufficient to consider hostile neck patients noneligible for CEA.
### Instruction: Does glycyrretinic acid block cardiac sodium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes? ### Response:
GA blocked cardiac sodium currents, particularly late I(Na.) Our findings might help to understand the traditional use of licorice in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, because reduction of sodium currents (particularly late I(Na)) would be expected to provide protection from Na(+)-induced Ca(2+) overload and cell damage.
### Instruction: Is depressed affect associated with poorer cardiovascular recovery in young women following a mental stressor? ### Response:
Greater depressed mood was associated with greater HR reactivity and poorer DBP recovery. This is the first study to directly investigate associations between depressed mood and CV recovery following mental stress.
### Instruction: Is reverse rate dependency an intrinsic property of canine cardiac preparations? ### Response:
RRD of APD modulation is shared, although with differences in magnitude, by interventions of very different nature. RRD can be interpreted as a consequence of the relationship between I(m) and APD and, as such, is expected in all species having positive APD-CL relationship. This implies that the development of agents prolonging APD with direct rate dependency, or even completely devoid of RRD, may be difficult to achieve.
### Instruction: Do older men with higher self-rated socioeconomic status have shorter telomeres? ### Response:
men with higher self-rated socioeconomic status have shorter telomeres, possibly mediated through psychosocial rather than lifestyle factors or the presence of chronic disease. There may be cultural ethnic and age-related differences in social determinants of health.
### Instruction: Does polysomnographic and health-related quality of life correlate of restless legs syndrome in the Sleep Heart Health Study? ### Response:
These novel PSG data from a nonclinical, community-based sample of individuals with RLS document sleep disturbance in the home even in individuals with intermittent symptoms.
### Instruction: Is minimally invasive colon resection for malignant colonic conditions associated with a transient early increase in plasma sVEGFR1 and a decrease in sVEGFR2 levels after surgery? ### Response:
sVEGFR2 values decreased and sVEGFR1 levels increased early after MICR; sVEGFR2 changes dominate due to their much larger magnitude. The net result is less plasma VEGF bound by soluble receptors and more plasma VEGF available to bind to ECs early after surgery.
### Instruction: Do an update on long-term outcome of curative hepatic resection for hepatocholangiocarcinoma? ### Response:
Hepatocholangiocarcinoma entails poor long-term outcome after potentially curative hepatectomy. Other modalities of treatment should be explored in order to prolong survival of patients with this disease.
### Instruction: Is [ Restless legs syndrome highly underdiagnosed in a neurologic-psychiatric outpatient clinic ]? ### Response:
A low awareness of RLS exists in Chile, even among specialized physicians.
### Instruction: Do human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C infections induce distinct immunologic imprints in peripheral mononuclear cells? ### Response:
An aberrant type-I IFN response seen exclusively in HIV-infected individuals could be responsible for the poor therapeutic response experienced by HIV/HCV coinfected individuals receiving interferon-alpha-based current standard of care.
### Instruction: Does setting of care modify risk of nursing home placement for older adults with dementia? ### Response:
The findings suggest that differences in care provided in HCBS and AL may influence subsequent NH placement for older adults with dementia.
### Instruction: Does iron-limited condition modulate biofilm formation and interaction with human epithelial cells of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli ( EAEC )? ### Response:
Low iron availability may modulate biofilm formation and adhesive properties of EAEC strains to HEp-2 cells.
### Instruction: Does population-based prostate-specific antigen testing in the UK lead to a stage migration of prostate cancer? ### Response:
Population-based PSA testing resulted in a significant downward stage and grade migration, and most such cancers were of low stage and grade, which could lead to risks of over-treatment for some men.
### Instruction: Does specific immunotherapy to birch allergen enhance suppression of Th2 cells by CD4 ( + ) CD25 ( + ) regulatory T cells during pollen season? ### Response:
These results suggest that the Th2-suppressive capacity of allergen-stimulated CD25(pos) Treg in vitro is not improved by SIT in spite of increased IL-10 production from T cells.