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### Instruction: Does eosinophil-derived IFN-gamma induce airway hyperresponsiveness and lung inflammation in the absence of lymphocytes? ### Response:
These results support the important and previously unsuspected contribution of eosinophils to lung inflammation independently of lymphocytes through production of IFN-gamma, the prototypical T(H)1 cytokine.
### Instruction: Does diffusion-tensor imaging implicate prefrontal axonal injury in executive function impairment following very mild traumatic brain injury? ### Response:
Impaired executive function following mTBI is associated with axonal injury involving the DLPFC.
### Instruction: Are blood serum immunoglobulins of patients with multiple myeloma capable of hydrolysing histone H1? ### Response:
We demonstrated the existence of previously unknown histone H1 hydrolyzing IgG abzymes in the serum of multiple myeloma patients. Possible biological role of hisH1-hydrolyzing antibodies in patients with multiple myeloma was discussed.
### Instruction: Does mitral regurgitation reduce systemic coagulation activity in patients with rheumatic heart disease? ### Response:
Plasma D-dimer levels correlated with the embolic risk in mitral valve disease and non-valvular AF. The highest levels were found in patients with MS+AF and non-valvular AF. Severe MR decreased the D-dimer levels in MS and/or AF to control levels.
### Instruction: Does light and moderate alcohol consumption significantly reduce the prevalence of fatty liver in the Japanese male population? ### Response:
The prevalence of FL was significantly and independently decreased by light and moderate alcohol consumption in men of an asymptomatic Japanese population.
### Instruction: Do the long-term effects of modified electrode surfaces and intracochlear corticosteroids on postoperative impedances in cochlear implant patients? ### Response:
Although the differences between control and steroid-treated groups decrease with time, single intraoperative intracochlear steroid deposition was proven to lower postoperative impedances during first 3 to 4 years after implantation probably because of reduction of fibrous tissue growth.
### Instruction: Does hIV Nef protein cause endothelial dysfunction in porcine pulmonary arteries and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells? ### Response:
HIV Nef protein significantly decreases endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in porcine pulmonary arteries. It also reduces eNOS expression and induces oxidative stress in both porcine pulmonary arteries and HPAECs. This study demonstrates a new mechanism of HIV Nef, which causes endothelial dysfunction and may contribute to the human pulmonary artery disease in HIV-infected patients.
### Instruction: Does pharmacological preconditioning using intraportal infusion of L-arginine protect against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury? ### Response:
Pharmacological preconditioning with intraportal L-arginine provided protection against hepatic I/RI in early phases of the reperfusion period. The mechanisms underlying the protective effect may include preservation of the mitochondrial structure and inhibition of caspase-3 activity.
### Instruction: Is occult HBV infection in hemodialysis setting marked by presence of isolated antibodies to HBcAg and HCV? ### Response:
Occult HBV infection is frequent among hemodialysis patients in our geographical area, particularly correlated to the presence of isolated anti-HBcAg and anti-HCV antibodies. Thus, the presence of isolated anti-HBcAg should prompt the clinician to evaluate a possible occult HBV infection especially if anti-HCV antibodies are also detectable; this condition, in fact, seems to strongly predict the detection of HBV DNA.
### Instruction: Is fractional urinary excretion of IgG the most powerful predictor of renoprotection by ACE inhibitors in IgA nephropathy? ### Response:
Renoprotection by ACEi is a multifactorial phenomenon: the best predictor of renoprotection is FEIgG, a marker of disruption of glomerular barrier to proteins; renoprotection depends not only on ability to reduce proteinuria, but probably also on antiinflammatory and antifibrotic activity.
### Instruction: Does bMP-7 counteract TGF-beta1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells? ### Response:
These data suggest that BMP-7 attenuates progressive loss of kidney function and renal fibrosis through counteracting TGF-beta1-mediated EMT.
### Instruction: Does notch2 signaling promote biliary epithelial cell fate specification and tubulogenesis during bile duct development in mice? ### Response:
Notch2 signaling regulates BEC differentiation, the induction of tubulogenesis during IHBD development, and BEC survival.
### Instruction: Are cardiac repolarization and striatal dopamine transporter function interrelated? ### Response:
This study suggests significant physiological QTc-DAT relation in young healthy adults. QTc interval measurements might carry diagnostically important information in clinical conditions, which have an effect on both striatal DAT binding and cardiac sympathetic function.
### Instruction: Does mild hyponatremia carry a poor prognosis in community subjects? ### Response:
Hyponatremia is an independent predictor of deaths and myocardial infarction in middle-aged and elderly community subjects.
### Instruction: Do elevated serum uric acid concentrations independently predict cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic patients? ### Response:
Higher serum uric acid levels are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic patients, independent of several potential confounders, including renal function measures.
### Instruction: Does depression increase risk of incident myocardial infarction among Veterans Administration patients with rheumatoid arthritis? ### Response:
Depressed RA patients, without a history of cardiovascular disease, are 40% more likely to have a heart attack as compared to those without depression. These data demonstrate a rapid (within 6 years) transition to MI following onset of depression in RA patients. Increased monitoring of depression and heart disease status in this patient population may be warranted which in turn may result in longer duration of life.
### Instruction: Is a comprehensive geriatric assessment more effective than clinical judgment to identify elderly diffuse large cell lymphoma patients who benefit from aggressive therapy? ### Response:
CGA is an efficient method to identify elderly DLCL patients who can benefit from a curative approach with anthracycline-containing immunochemotherapy. Further study is needed to discern why unfit patients seem to have poor outcomes because of poor tolerance but also because of lymphoma refractoriness to intensive therapy.
### Instruction: Are intensive peri-operative use of factor VIII and the Arg593 -- > Cys mutation risk factors for inhibitor development in mild/moderate hemophilia A? ### Response:
The Arg593Cys genotype and intensive peri-operative use of FVIII, especially when administered by continuous infusion, are associated with an increased risk for inhibitor development in mild/moderate hemophilia A.
### Instruction: Does differential stimulation of monocytic cells result in distinct populations of microparticles? ### Response:
We found that the properties of MPs depend on the stimulus that produced them. This supports the concept that monocytic MPs differentially modulate thrombosis, inflammation and immune regulation according to stimulus.
### Instruction: Do dopamine transporters in striatum correlate with deactivation in the default mode network during visuospatial attention? ### Response:
These findings provide evidence that dopamine transporters modulate neural activity in the DMN and anterior cingulate gyrus during visuospatial attention. Our findings suggest that dopamine modulates attention in part by regulating neuronal activity in posterior parietal cortex including precuneus (region involved in alertness) and cingulate gyrus (region deactivated in proportion to emotional interference). These findings suggest that the beneficial effects of stimulant medications (increase dopamine by blocking DAT) in inattention reflect in part their ability to facilitate the deactivation of the DMN.
### Instruction: Does head and neck cooling after cardiac arrest result in lower jugular bulb than esophageal temperature? ### Response:
During the initial phase of therapeutic hypothermia, Tjb seems to be lower than Tes.
### Instruction: Does prolonged TASER use on exhausted humans worsen markers of acidosis? ### Response:
Prolonged CEW application on exhausted humans was not associated with worsening change in pH or troponin. Decreases in pCO2 and potassium and a small increase in lactate were found. Worsening acidosis theories due to CEW use in this population are not supported by these data.
### Instruction: Is insulin granule recruitment and exocytosis dependent on p110gamma in insulinoma and human beta-cells? ### Response:
The G-protein-coupled PI3Kgamma is an important determinant of secretory granule trafficking to the plasma membrane, at least in part through the negative regulation of cortical F-actin. Thus, p110gamma activity plays an important role in maintaining a membrane-docked, readily releasable pool of secretory granules in insulinoma and human beta-cells.
### Instruction: Is elevated plasma apolipoprotein AV in acute coronary syndrome positively correlated with triglyceride and C-reactive protein? ### Response:
The plasma apoAV concentration is increased and positively correlates with TG and CRP in ACS patients.
### Instruction: Does expression of p-AKT characterize adenoid cystic carcinomas of head and neck with a higher risk for tumor relapses? ### Response:
Adenoid cystic carcinomas positive for p-AKT show a higher relapse risk. However, other parameters of glucose metabolism investigated here or proliferation (Ki67) were not predictive in this entity. Our findings demonstrate a possible background for therapeutic approaches targeting the inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway.
### Instruction: Is human rights of persons with mental illness in Indonesia : more than legislation needed? ### Response:
More than legislation is needed to protect the human rights of persons with mental illness. Improving the human rights situation for persons with mental illness in Indonesia will require action by governments at national, provincial and district levels, substantial increases in the level of investment in mental health services, coordinated action by mental health professionals and consumer and career organisations, and a central role for the National Human Rights Commission in protecting the rights of persons with mental illness.
### Instruction: Is a disintegrin and metalloprotease 12 ( ADAM12 ) a prognostic factor in resected pathological stage I lung adenocarcinoma? ### Response:
ADAM12-L mRNA expression is an independent prognostic factor in resected p-stage I lung adenocarcinoma, and is significantly correlated with tumor differentiation stage and postoperative cancer recurrence.
### Instruction: Are protein Z Plasma Levels Elevated in Patients with Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy? ### Response:
In our study, protein Z levels are not implicated in the pathogenesis of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (N-AION).
### Instruction: Does negative fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging identify acute ischemic stroke at 3 hours or less? ### Response:
"mismatch" between positive DWI and negative FLAIR allows the identification of patients that are highly likely to be within the 3-hour time window. Within the first 6 hours of stroke, the sensitivity of FLAIR sequences for acute ischemic lesions increases with time from symptom onset elapsing, approximating 100% after 3 to 6 hours.
### Instruction: Do myeloid derived suppressor cells inhibit natural killer cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma via the NKp30 receptor? ### Response:
Our study suggests a new role for MDSCs in patients with HCC in disarming the innate immune system and further contributing to the immune suppressor network in these patients. These findings have important implications when designing immunotherapy protocols.
### Instruction: Are plasma oxidized lipoprotein ( a ) and its immune complexes present in newborns and children? ### Response:
The fact that ox-Lp(a) and Lp(a)-IC are present in newborns and children suggests that oxidized lipoproteins play an initiating role in atherosclerotic process.
### Instruction: Is increased serum HMGB1 related to the severity of coronary artery stenosis? ### Response:
Serum HMGB1 level was markedly increased with the severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients with SAP and USAP, especially in SAP patients, which suggested that increased serum HMGB1 may involve in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic CAD.
### Instruction: Is tNFalpha promoter polymorphism a risk factor for susceptibility in hepatocellular carcinoma in Korean population? ### Response:
Our data imply that TNFalpha G-238A and C-857T, not C-863A, polymorphisms may confer different susceptibilities to the development of HCC with TNFalpha -238A and -857T alleles playing as risk factors.
### Instruction: Does dietary supplement with a combination of Rhodiola crenulata and Ginkgo biloba enhance the endurance performance in healthy volunteers? ### Response:
The combined herbal supplement of Rhodiola and Gingko could improve the endurance performance by increasing oxygen consumption and protecting against fatigue.
### Instruction: Are [ Parathyroid glands differentiated from lymph node by activated-carbon particles ]? ### Response:
Lymph node of VI group can be stained black by activated carbon particles, and parathyroid gland cannot be stained black. Maybe, parathyroid gland can be preserved by removing the black stain lymph node and retaining the non-black stained tissue.
### Instruction: Is the response to bronchodilators in adults predictive of bronchial-hyperreactivity? ### Response:
In adults with suspected asthma who have normal spirometry, the response to BD cannot be used to predict BHR.
### Instruction: Is synovial fluid level of aggrecan ARGS fragments a more sensitive marker of joint disease than glycosaminoglycan or aggrecan levels : a cross-sectional study? ### Response:
Levels of aggrecan ARGS fragments in human synovial fluid are increased in human arthritis, OA and after knee injury, likely reflecting an enhanced cleavage at the 392Glu-393Ala bond in the IGD by aggrecanase. An assay that specifically quantified these fragments better distinguished samples from joints with pathology than assays monitoring aggrecan or glycosaminoglycan concentrations. The newly developed ARGS fragment assay can be used to monitor aggrecanase activity in human joint disease and experimental models.
### Instruction: Does follicle curetting at the time of oocyte retrieval increase the oocyte yield? ### Response:
This study demonstrated that follicle curetting significantly increased oocyte yield. While it did not increase live birth rates, this increase in oocyte yield should lead to increased numbers of embryos for selection at transfer and increased embryos for cryopreservation.
### Instruction: Does aggregated LDL in contact with macrophages induce local increases in free cholesterol levels that regulate local actin polymerization? ### Response:
We describe a novel process that occurs during agLDL-macrophage interactions in which local release of free cholesterol causes local actin polymerization, promoting a pathological positive feedback loop for increased catabolism of agLDL and eventual foam cell formation.
### Instruction: Do hFE mutations modulate the effect of iron on serum hepcidin-25 in chronic hemodialysis patients? ### Response:
Serum hepcidin-25 is increased in hemodialysis patients, regulated by iron stores and inflammation, and relatively reduced in subjects carrying frequent HFE mutations. Hepcidin-25 may contribute to the pathogenesis of anemia by decreasing iron availability.
### Instruction: Are polymorphisms in cell death pathway genes associated with altered sperm apoptosis and poor semen quality? ### Response:
This study showed for the first time that functional variants of FAS and CASP8 might contribute to the dysfunctional apoptotic mechanism in germ cells, which could result in poor semen quality of ejaculated sperm.
### Instruction: Does developmental changes in spatial distribution of in vivo fluorescence and epidermal UV absorbance over Quercus petraea leave? ### Response:
The spatial pattern of epidermal UV-screen over the area of oak leaves is related to leaf anatomy during development. In vivo spectroscopy and fluorescence imaging of the leaf surface showed the distribution of pigments within the leaf and hence can provide a tool to monitor optically the leaf development in nature.
### Instruction: Do low-abundance HIV drug-resistant viral variants in treatment-experienced persons correlate with historical antiretroviral use? ### Response:
Low-abundance HIV drug-resistant mutations in antiretroviral-experienced subjects at time of virologic failure can increase a subject's overall burden of resistance, yet commonly go unrecognized by conventional genotyping. The majority of unrecognized resistant mutations correlate with historical antiretroviral use. Ultra-deep sequencing can provide important historical resistance information for clinicians when planning subsequent antiretroviral regimens for highly treatment-experienced patients, particularly when their prior treatment histories and longitudinal genotypes are not available.
### Instruction: Do therapeutic efficacy of voriconazole against a fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans isolate in a vaginal model? ### Response:
Voriconazole could emerge as a new alternative for treatment of vaginal candidosis.
### Instruction: Does blockade of advanced glycation end product formation attenuate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats? ### Response:
These findings suggest AGE formation may participate in the process of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and blockade of AGE formation by AG treatment attenuates BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats, which is implicated in inhibition of HSP47 expression and TGFbeta/Smads signaling.
### Instruction: Does transcriptional profiling in response to terminal drought stress reveal differential responses along the wheat genome? ### Response:
Bread and durum wheat genotypes were characterized by a different physiological reaction to water stress and by a substantially different molecular response. The genome organization accounted for differences in the expression level of hundreds of genes located on the D genome or controlled by regulators located on the D genome. When a genomic stress (deletion of a chromosomal region) was combined with low water availability, a molecular response based on the activation of transposons and retrotransposons was observed.
### Instruction: Does brain classification reveal the right cerebellum as the best biomarker of dyslexia? ### Response:
These results provide evidence for the existence of various subtypes of dyslexia characterized by different brain phenotypes. In addition, behavioural analyses suggest that these brain phenotypes relate to different deficits of automatization of language-based processes such as grapheme/phoneme correspondence and/or rapid access to lexicon entries.
### Instruction: Is increased frequency and compromised function of T regulatory cells in systemic sclerosis ( SSc ) related to a diminished CD69 and TGFbeta expression? ### Response:
These results indicate that soluble factors in SSc plasma inhibit Treg function specifically that is associated with altered Treg CD69 and TGFbeta expression. These data suggest that a defective Treg function may underlie the immune dysfunction in systemic sclerosis.
### Instruction: Does dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity predict responsiveness to cognitive-behavioral therapy in schizophrenia? ### Response:
DLPFC activity and its connectivity with the cerebellum predict responsiveness to CBT for psychosis in schizophrenia. These effects may be mediated by PFC-cerebellum contributions to executive processing.
### Instruction: Is childhood sexual abuse associated with reduced gray matter volume in visual cortex of young women? ### Response:
Early visual experience exerts a strong influence on the developing mammalian visual cortex. Present findings indicate that exposure to CSA may also affect the development of this region and are apparent even in a population of subjects who are sufficiently healthy to matriculate.
### Instruction: Does ventral striatal activation during reward anticipation correlate with impulsivity in alcoholics? ### Response:
This study suggests that reduced ventral striatal recruitment during anticipation of conventional rewards in alcoholics may be related to their increased impulsivity and indicate possibilities for enhanced treatment approaches in alcohol dependence.
### Instruction: Do antigen-presenting cells represent targets for R5 HIV-1 infection in the first trimester pregnancy uterine mucosa? ### Response:
The presence of HIV-1 target cells in the decidua in vitro and the low rate of in utero mother-to-child transmission during the first trimester of pregnancy suggest that a natural control occurs in vivo limiting cell-to-cell infection of the placenta and consequently infection of the fetus.
### Instruction: Does duffy antigen expression on reticulocytes alter following blood loss in an autologous donation model? ### Response:
Baseline expression of Fy antigen on mature red blood cells and reticulocytes is quite variable between individuals, but appears not to be greatly affected by mild to moderate reticulocytosis following blood loss in an autologous blood donation model.
### Instruction: Does silibinin prevent amyloid beta peptide-induced memory impairment and oxidative stress in mice? ### Response:
Silibinin prevents memory impairment and oxidative damage induced by Abeta(25-35) and may be a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.
### Instruction: Do magnetic resonance investigations in Brugada syndrome reveal unexpectedly high rate of structural abnormalities? ### Response:
CMRI detects a high prevalence of mild structural changes of the RV, and suggests further pathophysiological complexity in BrS. Prospective studies to assess the long-term evolution of such abnormalities are warranted.
### Instruction: Does serotonin enhance platelet procoagulant properties and their activation induced during platelet tissue factor uptake? ### Response:
Serotonin enhances the interaction of platelets with TF-MVs, increases platelet activation, and potentiates their overall procoagulant activity. The present results could have significant implications in thrombus formation and in the thrombogenic profile of pathological situations with increased cardiovascular risk.
### Instruction: Is cytoglobin upregulated by tumour hypoxia and silenced by promoter hypermethylation in head and neck cancer? ### Response:
We conclude that the CYGB gene is regulated by both promoter methylation and tumour hypoxia in HNSCC and that increased expression of this gene correlates with clincopathological measures of a tumour's biological aggression.
### Instruction: Do longitudinal changes of serum COMP and urinary CTX-II predict X-ray defined knee osteoarthritis severity and stiffness in women? ### Response:
Multiple, biennial measures of COMP or CTX-II taken over a 10-year period were predictive of subsequent OAK and knee stiffness.
### Instruction: Does pluronic L-81 ameliorate diabetic symptoms in db/db mice through transcriptional regulation of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein? ### Response:
L-81 represents a promising candidate in the development of a selective insulin-mimetic molecule and an anti-diabetic agent.
### Instruction: Is serum REG4 level a predictive biomarker for the response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer? ### Response:
These data demonstrated in vitro and in vivo that REG4 protein overexpression was associated with an unfavorable response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy. REG4 can clinically be used as a predictive biomarker.
### Instruction: Does protocol for management of imported pediatric malaria decrease time to medication administration? ### Response:
After broad-based implementation of a malaria treatment protocol in a pediatric hospital, children received more thorough investigations, were more likely to receive therapy before leaving the ED and had a shorter delay before receiving appropriate antimalarial therapy.
### Instruction: Does concordance of family and staff member report about end of life in assisted living and nursing homes? ### Response:
Family and staff perspectives about end-of-life experiences may differ substantially; efforts can be made to improve family-staff communication and interaction for joint decision making.
### Instruction: Are clinical Neonatal Seizures Independently Associated with Outcome in Infants at Risk for Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury? ### Response:
Clinical neonatal seizures in the setting of birth asphyxia are associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcome, independent of the severity of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether differences in seizure treatment can improve outcome.
### Instruction: Is plasma angiopoietin-like protein 3 ( ANGPTL3 ) concentration associated with uremic dyslipidemia? ### Response:
The reduced ANGPTL3 level in hemodialysis patients was consistently associated with the major components of uremic dyslipidemia. ANGPTL3 may be a novel factor contributing to uremic dyslipidemia.
### Instruction: Does site of positive surgical margins influence biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy? ### Response:
About half of the men with PSMs in the RP surgical specimen in our prospective series did not develop BCR. The risk of BCR was dependent on the site and not the number of PSMs. Adjuvant therapy should be considered in cases with anterior and basilar PSMs due to the very high risk of BCR.
### Instruction: Does the aggressiveness of urinary tract urothelial carcinoma increase with the severity of chronic kidney disease? ### Response:
The aggressiveness of UT-UC increased with the severity of CKD, and this might have important clinical consequences.
### Instruction: Do removable dentures with implant support in strategic positions followed for up to 8 years? ### Response:
The placement of a few implants allows for maintaining a compromised residual dentition for support of RPDs. The combination of root and implant support facilitates treatment planning and enhances designing the removable denture. It also proves to be a practical rescue method. Technical problems with the anchorage system were frequent, particularly in the first year after delivery of the dentures.
### Instruction: Is elevated plasma calcifediol associated with aggressive periodontitis? ### Response:
Plasma calcifediol levels might be associated with periodontal inflammation.
### Instruction: Do advanced glycation end products inhibit the expression of collagens type I and III by human gingival fibroblasts? ### Response:
AGEs may suppress the cell viability of HGFs and downregulate the expression of types I and III collagen by the cells. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the molecular mechanisms of AGEs in the regulation of cell function and collagen metabolism in patients with diabetes and periodontitis.
### Instruction: Does multiplanar reconstruction of three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography improve the presurgical assessment of mitral prolapse? ### Response:
Interpretation of 3D transthoracic echocardiographic images with MPR improved the accuracy of the description of the MVP compared with 2D interpretation. This added value of 3D MPR was most important in extensive and/or commissural prolapse.
### Instruction: Do flavonoids from Inula britannica L. inhibit injury-induced neointimal formation by suppressing oxidative-stress generation? ### Response:
Our results suggest that TFE inhibit the neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury, at least partly, by suppressing oxidative-stress generation.
### Instruction: Does ghrelin hyporesponsiveness contribute to age-related hyperinflammation in septic shock? ### Response:
These findings suggest that the reduced central (brain) responsiveness to ghrelin due to the decreased GH, plays a major role in producing the hyperinflammatory state, resulting in severe organ injuries and high mortality after endotoxemia in aged animals. Ghrelin and GH can be developed as a novel therapy for sepsis in the geriatric population.
### Instruction: Does it 's all about recognition ! Qualitative study of the value of interpersonal continuity in general practice? ### Response:
It was not valuable to have a continuous relationship unless the GP recognized the patient. The social psychological concept of recognition had two different meanings and the GP had to do both, respect and remember the patient, in order to create and sustain the trustful relationship. The added value of interpersonal continuity had to be combined with recognition.
### Instruction: Are rodent-specific alternative exons more frequent in rapidly evolving genes and in paralogs? ### Response:
Thus we demonstrated that recently gained exons tend to occur in fast-evolving genes, and their inclusion rate tends to be lower than that of older exons. This agrees with the theory that gain of alternative exons is one of the major mechanisms of gene evolution.
### Instruction: Does common sequence variation in the VEGFA gene predict risk of diabetic retinopathy? ### Response:
Sequence variation in the VEGFA gene is associated with risk of developing blinding DR in T1DM and T2DM. Identifying specific genetic markers will allow for refined screening algorithms and earlier intervention in patients at highest risk.
### Instruction: Does prior exercise lower blood pressure during simulated night-work with different meal schedules? ### Response:
These data indicate that prior exercise lowers BP throughout a subsequent 8-h night-shift in healthy individuals within the normotensive range. Therefore, regular low-intensity exercise might moderate the well-known association between shift-work participation and raised BP.
### Instruction: Do cpG oligonucleotides activate the immune response in burned mice? ### Response:
The reduction of class II antigen expression and synthesis of cytokines (interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1) by splenic macrophages after burn injury was partially reversed by oligodeoxynucleotide treatment. Therefore, immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides may be a potential treatment for post-burn immunosuppression.
### Instruction: Does minimally invasive aortic valve replacement reduce atelectasis in cardiac intensive care? ### Response:
Patients who had mini AVR had a significantly lower incidence of LLLA in the cardiac ICU than patients who had AVR through a full sternotomy.
### Instruction: Are there age-related changes in neural connectivity during the encoding of positive , but not negative , information? ### Response:
These findings suggest that older adults' "positivity effect" may arise from age-related changes in the interactions between affect-processing regions and the hippocampus during the encoding of positive information.
### Instruction: Does resistance exercise training improve heart function and physical fitness in stable patients with heart failure? ### Response:
A short-term structured isotonic ST program appears to improve selected measures of resting LV function and fitness in patients with mild congestive heart failure. Additional studies utilizing larger numbers of subjects, including women, are needed.
### Instruction: Does slower infusion of metoclopramide decrease the rate of akathisia? ### Response:
Slower infusion of metoclopramide reduces the incidence of akathisia.
### Instruction: Does shortening of cardiopulmonary resuscitation time before the defibrillation worsen the outcome in out-of-hospital VF patients? ### Response:
In patients with out-of-hospital-witnessed VF, sufficient CPR before the first defibrillation is considered to improve the neurologic outcome in comparison to the performance of immediate defibrillation.
### Instruction: Does duration of treadmill exercise testing combined with QRS score predict adverse cardiac outcome at long-term follow-up? ### Response:
This study shows that a new index termed the M score, which incorporates QRS score and exercise duration, predicts mortality and occurrence of myocardial infarction at long-term follow-up of high-risk individuals, independently of TET-induced ST-segment changes.
### Instruction: Does resistance training reduce the blood pressure response of older men during submaximum aerobic exercise? ### Response:
Sixteen weeks of RT significantly reduces the blood pressure response and improves the cardiovascular function of older men during submaximum aerobic exercise. Therefore, RT not only increases muscular strength and hypertrophy but also provides significant cardiovascular benefits for older individuals.
### Instruction: Is expression of heat shock protein 60 kDa upregulated in cervical cancer? ### Response:
These results suggest that HSP60 may be involved in the development of cervical cancer and have profound biological and prognostic significance.
### Instruction: Does choline supplementation reduce oxidative stress in mouse model of allergic airway disease? ### Response:
Choline administration reduces oxidative stress possibly by modulating the redox status of the cell and inhibits inflammatory response in a mouse model.
### Instruction: Does apolipoprotein E-dependent accumulation of Alzheimer disease-related lesions begin in middle age? ### Response:
The brain changes associated with AD may already begin developing early in middle age, especially among APOE epsilon 4 carriers.
### Instruction: Do anterior cingulate cortical volumes and treatment remission of geriatric depression? ### Response:
Structural abnormalities of the dorsal and rostral anterior cingulate may perpetuate late-life depression.
### Instruction: Does coordination of opposing sex-specific and core muscle groups regulate male tail posture during Caenorhabditis elegans male mating behavior? ### Response:
Our results demonstrated that coordination of opposing sex-specific and core muscle groups, through the activity of multiple neurotransmitters, is required for regulation of male tail posture during mating. We have provided a simple model for regulation of male tail posture that provides a foundation for studies of how genes, molecular pathways, and neural circuits contribute to sensory regulation of this motor behavior.
### Instruction: Does bilobalide modulate serotonin-controlled behaviors in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans? ### Response:
These results suggest that bilobalide may modulate specific 5-HT receptor subtypes, which involves interplay with dopamine transmission. Additional studies for the function of bilobalide in neurotransmitter systems could aid in our understanding of its neuroprotective properties.
### Instruction: Does atrial natriuretic peptide suppress endothelin gene expression and proliferation in cardiac fibroblasts through a GATA4-dependent mechanism? ### Response:
Collectively, these findings suggest that locally produced ET-1 serves as an autocrine stimulator of fibroblast proliferation, that ANP produced in neighbouring myocytes serves as a paracrine inhibitor of this proliferation, and that the latter effect operates through a reduction in GATA4 phosphorylation and coincident reduction in GATA4-dependent transcriptional activity.
### Instruction: Is low catalase activity in blood associated with the diabetes caused by alloxan? ### Response:
These results indicate that low catalase activity in the blood is associated with the diabetes mellitus caused by alloxan administration.
### Instruction: Do physico-chemical characteristics of lipoplexes influence cell uptake mechanisms and transfection efficacy? ### Response:
These findings suggest that, in addition to endocytosis, lipoplexes may enter cell via a temperature-independent mechanism, which could be mediated by lipid mixing. Such characteristics might arise from the specific lipoplex ultrastructure and should be taken into consideration when developing lipoplexes designed for in vivo or ex vivo nucleic acid transfer.
### Instruction: Do human intestinal epithelial cells promote the differentiation of tolerogenic dendritic cells? ### Response:
A population of tolerogenic CD103+ DCs was identified in the human gut that probably differentiate in response to IEC-derived factors and drive T(reg) cell development.
### Instruction: Does porphyromonas gingivalis decrease osteoblast proliferation through IL-6-RANKL/OPG and MMP-9/TIMPs pathways? ### Response:
Overall, the results suggest that direct contact of P gingivalis with osteoblasts induces bone resorption through an inflammatory pathway that involves IL-6, RANKL/OPG, and MMP-9/TIMPs.
### Instruction: Does qualitative analysis of high-resolution CT scan in severe asthma? ### Response:
HRCT scan abnormalities are common in patients with severe asthma. Nonradiologic assessments fail to reliably predict important bronchial wall changes; therefore, CT scan acquisition may be required in all patients with severe asthma.
### Instruction: Does static magnetic field attenuate mortality rate of mice by increasing the production of IL-1 receptor antagonist? ### Response:
Exposure to an SMF increases the plasma levels of IL-1ra. This effect may inhibit the reduction in PLT in plasma, resulting in prevention in LPS induced DIC.
### Instruction: Does bDNF activate mTOR to regulate GluR1 expression required for memory formation? ### Response:
IN CONCLUSION, OUR FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THAT: 1) mTOR-mediated mRNA translation is required for memory consolidation during at least two restricted time windows; 2) this kinase acts downstream BDNF in the hippocampus and; 3) it controls the increase of synaptic GluR1 necessary for memory consolidation.
### Instruction: Does inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins promote therapeutic revascularization? ### Response:
We demonstrated that a direct inhibition of PHDs, and more particularly PHD3, promoted therapeutic revascularization. Furthermore, we showed that activation of the HIF-1 signaling pathway is required to promote this revascularization.
### Instruction: Is the palmar fat pad a reliable intraoperative landmark during carpal tunnel release? ### Response:
The palmar fat pad is a reliable anatomic landmark during carpal tunnel release. When dividing the TCL from proximal to distal, visualization of the proximal aspect of the fat pad indicates that the distal edge of the TCL is within approximately 2 mm and indicates that distal dissection beyond this extent is unnecessary.