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### Instruction: Does apolipoprotein E genotype modify the risk of behavior problems after infant cardiac surgery? ### Response:
For preschool-aged children with congenital heart defects requiring surgery, parental rating scales showed an increased prevalence of restricted behavior patterns, inattention, and impaired social interactions. The APOE epsilon2 allele was associated with increased behavior problems, impaired social interactions, and restricted behavior patterns.
### Instruction: Is the adipokine zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein ( ZAG ) downregulated with fat mass expansion in obesity? ### Response:
ZAG gene expression in adipose tissue is downregulated with increased adiposity and circulating insulin. ZAG mRNA is positively correlated with adiponectin mRNA, and ZAG enhances adiponectin production by human adipocytes. We suggest that ZAG is linked to obesity and obesity-related insulin resistance.
### Instruction: Does short-term overt hypothyroidism induce sympathovagal imbalance in thyroidectomized differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients? ### Response:
Acute short-term overt hypothyroidism results in sympathovagal imbalance with sympathetic withdrawal, with preservation of the cardiovascular reflexes to (mental) stress.
### Instruction: Is hIV-1 replication differentially regulated by distinct clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis? ### Response:
These results provide a precedent for TB strain-specific effects upon HIV-1 replication and thus for TB strain-specific pathogenesis in the outcome of HIV-1/TB co-infection. MTb strain-specific factors and mechanisms involved in the regulation of HIV-1 during co-infection will be of importance in understanding the basic pathogenesis of HIV-1/TB co-infection.
### Instruction: Does prevalence and correlate of mothers and fathers attending pretest cancer genetic counseling together? ### Response:
One in three fathers attend pretest cancer genetic counseling with mothers undergoing BRCA1/2 testing; those who do have closer parenting relationships and are more informed about BRCA1/2 testing.
### Instruction: Is branch segment occlusion with acute myocardial infarction a risk for left ventricular free wall rupture? ### Response:
The incidence of LVFWR was higher in group B and branch segment occlusion was identified as an independent predictor of LVFWR.
### Instruction: Is subclinical onychomycosis associated with tinea pedis? ### Response:
Dermatophyte fungi may be isolated from normal-appearing toenails. The presence of dermatophytes in this situation is strongly associated with the presence of tinea pedis. Subclinical dermatophyte in the nail plate may serve as a reservoir for ongoing local infection.
### Instruction: Is loss of anterior translation of the distal humeral articular surface associated with decreased elbow flexion? ### Response:
Using a reproducible technique for measuring anterior translation of the distal humerus, there was a correlation between anterior translation of the distal humeral articular surface and elbow flexion after ORIF. Although the weakness of the correlation emphasizes that limitation of elbow flexion after ORIF of a distal humerus fracture is multifactorial, reduced anterior translation of the distal humeral articular surface might be a contributing factor.
### Instruction: Do triangle network motifs predict complexes by complementing high-error interactomes with structural information? ### Response:
Given high-error PPINs with missing information, triangles of mixed datatypes are a promising direction for finding protein complexes. Integrating PPINs with SDDIs improves finding complexes. Structural SDDIs partially explain the high functional similarity of second-level neighbors in PPINs. We estimate that relatively little structural information would be sufficient for finding complexes involving most of the proteins and interactions in a typical PPIN.
### Instruction: Are abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase levels associated with impaired insulin sensitivity in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome? ### Response:
Abnormal serum ALT levels, as surrogate measure of NAFLD, are closely associated with impaired insulin sensitivity in young PCOS women in a manner that is independent from the contribution of age and total adiposity. Early recognition of NAFLD by radiological imaging tests in this group of young patients is warranted.
### Instruction: Does adenosine-A1 receptors activation restore the suppressed cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning in hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts? ### Response:
It may be concluded that the activation of adenosine-A1 receptors using CCPA markedly restored the suppressed cardioprotective and infarct size-limiting effects of IPC in hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts. Thus, the reduced availability of extracellular adenosine and impaired activation of adenosine-A1 receptors may be responsible for abolishing the cardioprotective potential of IPC against I/R-induced myocardial injury in hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts.
### Instruction: Is male gender a risk factor for the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy : a single surgeon experience? ### Response:
Male gender is not an independent risk factor for satisfactory outcome of LC in the experience of a single surgeon.
### Instruction: Does platelet-derived growth factor expression correlate with tumor grade and proliferative activity in human oligodendrogliomas? ### Response:
The results of this study showed that MIB-1 LI is a rapid and cost-effective modality for predicting tumor grade in oligodendrogliomas. Immunohistochemistry for PDGF was found to be useful in differentiating various grades of oligodendroglioma, and therefore, it may be involved in tumor cell proliferation and malignant transformation. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha, although expressed in oligodendroglial neoplasms, was not found to be useful in predicting tumor grade.
### Instruction: Is survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy improved by extending resections to achieve negative margins? ### Response:
Survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy is not improved by extending pancreatic resections to achieve negative margins after initially positive intraoperative frozen sections. Tumor-specific factors beyond the presence of disease at a surgical margin are responsible for the abbreviated survival seen in patients undergoing R1 resections.
### Instruction: Do novel biomarkers early predict the severity of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery in adults? ### Response:
Immediately postoperatively, NGAL and cystatin C correlated with and were independent predictors of duration and severity of AKI and duration of intensive care stay after adult cardiac surgery. The combination of both renal biomarkers did not add predictive value.
### Instruction: Does cardiac vagal stimulation eliminate detrimental tachycardia effects of dobutamine used for inotropic support? ### Response:
Combining SNFP-VS with dobutamine could achieve hemodynamic improvement while avoiding sinus tachycardia in this dog model, suggesting that similar strategy may also be applied in patients.
### Instruction: Does resistance training contribute to improving the metabolic profile after a 6-month weight loss program in overweight and obese postmenopausal women? ### Response:
CR+RT was associated with greater losses in percent FM and trunk FM compared with CR alone. However, CR+RT was not associated with additional improvements in the metabolic profile compared with CR alone.
### Instruction: Does lactoferrin conjugated with 40-kDa branched poly ( ethylene glycol ) have an improved circulating half-life? ### Response:
The 40k-PEG-bLf exhibited improved in vitro bioactivity and stability and enhanced pharmacokinetic properties as compared to those of the unmodified bLF and the 20 k-PEG-bLf conjugate, which was recently developed by PEGylation of bLF with a 20-kDa branched PEG [Nojima Y. et al. Bioconjugate Chem. 19:2253-2259 (2008)].
### Instruction: Do seed implant retention score predicts the risk of prolonged urinary retention after prostate brachytherapy? ### Response:
The SIRS may identify patients who are at high risk for prolonged retention after prostate brachytherapy. A prospective validation study of the SIRS is planned.
### Instruction: Does pulmonary vascular resistance predict early mortality in patients with diffuse fibrotic lung disease and suspected pulmonary hypertension? ### Response:
In severe DLD, early mortality is strongly linked to increased PVR but not to other RHC or non-invasive variables. These findings suggest that the threshold for RHC in severe DLD should be low, enabling prioritisation of aggressive treatment including lung transplantation.
### Instruction: Are kLOTHO gene polymorphisms G-395A and C1818T associated with lipid and glucose metabolism , bone mineral density and systolic blood pressure in Japanese healthy subjects? ### Response:
KLOTHO gene SNPs G-395A and C1818T are associated with lipid metabolism in men, and glucose metabolism, bone mineral density and systolic blood pressure in women.
### Instruction: Is cadmium a novel and independent risk factor for early atherosclerosis mechanisms and in vivo relevance? ### Response:
Our research suggests Cd has promoting effects on early human and murine atherosclerosis, which were partly offset by high Zn concentrations.
### Instruction: Does normal magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted imaging in lacunar infarcts predict a low risk of early deterioration? ### Response:
MR-PWI abnormalities are seen in two thirds of lacunar infarcts, and are associated with stroke rather than TIA. Normal PWI identifies patients at low risk of early clinical deterioration.
### Instruction: Does calcitonin gene-related peptide modulate interleukin-13 in circulating cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen-positive T cells in patients with atopic dermatitis? ### Response:
Our results suggest an immunomodulatory role of CGRP towards a Th2 pattern in CLA+ T cells, which may contribute to exacerbating clinical symptoms in patients with AD.
### Instruction: Is ketoacidosis at diabetes onset still frequent in children and adolescents : a multicenter analysis of 14,664 patients from 106 institutions? ### Response:
Ketoacidosis occurring at diabetes onset continues to be a difficult problem. Our data show no significant change in the frequency and magnitude of DKA over the last 13 years.
### Instruction: Does t cell infiltrate predict long-term survival following resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases? ### Response:
CRCLM T cell number is an independent correlate of long-term survival following liver resection. We conclude that CRCLM TIL analysis represents a potentially powerful prognostic tool which will require further validation prior to broad application.
### Instruction: Does the change in B-type natriuretic peptide levels over time predict significant rejection in cardiac transplant recipients? ### Response:
There is a strong, graded relationship between the within-individual increase in NT-proBNP and the odds of significant rejection independent of hemodynamic parameters. These results suggest that the change in NT-proBNP rather than absolute BNP levels may offer a non-invasive approach to detect rejection.
### Instruction: Is overweight associated with improved cancer-specific survival in patients with organ-confined renal cell carcinoma? ### Response:
We were able to identify overweight as an independent prognostic marker of improved tumor-specific survival in patients with organ-confined RCC. Basic research is required to resolve the dilemma of why, if a higher BMI predisposes to RCC, it concurrently prolongs survival after patients have undergone (partial) nephrectomy.
### Instruction: Do gold nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity in the alveolar type-II cell lines A549 and NCIH441? ### Response:
Our data suggest that the presence of contaminants, such as sodium citrate, on the surface of gold nanoparticles might play a pivotal role in inducing cytotoxicity in vitro, but does not influence the uptake of the particles in human ATII-like cell lines.
### Instruction: Does losartan counteract the hyper-reactivity to angiotensin II and ROCK1 over-activation in aortas isolated from streptozotocin-injected diabetic rats? ### Response:
Aortas isolated from STZ-rats present hyper-contracture to AT-II mainly dependent on the up-regulation of ROCK1 expression/activity. In vivo losartan treatment partially corrects AT-II hyper-contracture, limiting the increase in ROCK1 expression/activity. These data offer a new molecular mechanism supporting the rationale for using losartan in the prevention of diabetic vascular complications.
### Instruction: Does in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveal region specific metabolic responses to SIV infection in the macaque brain? ### Response:
These data best support the hypothesis that different brain regions have variable intrinsic vulnerabilities to neuronal injury caused by the AIDS virus.
### Instruction: Does hydrogen sulfide inhibit MPP ( + ) -induced apoptosis in PC12 cells? ### Response:
H2S significantly protected PC12 cells against cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by MPP(+), which was associated with the inhibition by H(2)S of MPP(+)-induced dissipation of MMP and overproduction of ROS. These findings can significantly advance therapeutic approaches to the neurodegenerative diseases which are associated with oxidative stress, such as Parkinson's disease.
### Instruction: Are hepatitis C virus core , NS3 , NS4B and NS5A the major immunogenic proteins in humoral immunity in chronic HCV infection? ### Response:
The data shows significant variation in the specificity in humoral immunity in chronic HCV patients.
### Instruction: Does high fat feeding induce hepatic fatty acid elongation in mice? ### Response:
High-fat feeding induces hepatic fatty acid synthesis in mice, by chain elongation and subsequent desaturation rather than de novo synthesis, while VLDL-TG output remains unaffected. Suppression of lipogenic fluxes by fish oil prevents from high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice.
### Instruction: Does the spectrum of structural abnormalities on CT scan from patients with CF with severe advanced lung disease? ### Response:
A CT scoring system was developed to characterise the structural abnormalities in patients with SALD. A wide spectrum was observed in SALD, ranging from predominantly air trapping to predominantly infection/inflammation-related changes. This spectrum may have clinical implications for patients with SALD.
### Instruction: Do women with safety concerns report fewer gender-specific preventive healthcare services? ### Response:
In this large population-based sample, women with recent self-reported safety concerns report receiving fewer recommended gender-specific preventive services.
### Instruction: Is klassevirus 1 , a previously undescribed member of the family Picornaviridae , globally widespread? ### Response:
Klassevirus 1 is a previously undescribed picornavirus that is globally widespread and present on at least three continents. Further investigations to determine whether klassevirus 1 is a human pathogen are needed.
### Instruction: Are mitogen-activated protein kinases and NFkappaB involved in SP-A-enhanced responses of macrophages to mycobacteria? ### Response:
These results demonstrate that BCG and SP-A-BCG ingestion by macrophages is accompanied by activation of signaling pathways involving the MAP kinase pathway and NFkappaB.
### Instruction: Do morphogenesis signaling components influence cell cycle regulation by cyclin dependent kinase? ### Response:
The dynamic balance between Cks1- and Swe1-dependent regulation of Cdc28 and, thereby, the timing of mitosis during yeast dimorphism is regulated in part by Ras2/cAMP-mediated PKA signaling, a key pathway controlling filamentous growth.
### Instruction: Do calyx and dimorphic neurons of mouse Scarpa 's ganglion express histamine H3 receptors? ### Response:
The present results are consistent with calyx and dimorphic, but not bouton, afferent vestibular neurons expressing H3 receptors. This study provides a molecular substrate for the effects of histamine-related antivertigo drugs acting on (or binding to) H3 receptors, and suggest a potential target for the treatment of vestibular disorders of peripheral origin.
### Instruction: Do primary pneumonic plague contracted from a mountain lion carcass? ### Response:
The biologist likely acquired pneumonic plague through inhalation of aerosols generated during postmortem examination of an infected mountain lion. Enhanced awareness of zoonotic diseases and appropriate use of personal protective equipment are needed for biologists and others who handle wildlife.
### Instruction: Do three residues at the interface of factor XI ( FXI ) monomers augment covalent dimerization of FXI? ### Response:
The data suggest that Leu284, Ile290 and Tyr329 in the interface of FXI monomers are essential for forming non-covalently bonded dimers that facilitate formation of a disulfide-bonded stable FXI dimer.
### Instruction: Does induction of CCL13 expression in synovial fibroblasts highlight a significant role of oncostatin M in rheumatoid arthritis? ### Response:
In contrast to other prominent cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of RA, OSM can strongly up-regulate the expression of CCL13, a chemokine recently identified in the synovial fluid of patients with RA. Despite potent OSM-induced signal transduction in all types of fibroblasts analyzed, only synovial fibroblasts secreted CCL13, which might be indicative of tissue-specific imprinting of different fibroblasts during development.
### Instruction: Do monocytes and neutrophils expressing myeloperoxidase occur in fibrous caps and thrombi in unstable coronary plaques? ### Response:
Unstable fibrous caps are more likely to contain MPO-positive cells, neutrophils, and iron-containing macrophages than fibrous caps of stable fibroatheromas. MPO-positive cells in thrombi adjacent to disrupted plaques are associated with occlusive thrombi and are more numerous in diabetic patients.
### Instruction: Do par3 and dynein associate to regulate local microtubule dynamics and centrosome orientation during migration? ### Response:
Par3 associates with dynein and contributes to the local regulation of MT dynamics at cell-cell contacts and proper positioning of the centrosome at the cell center. We propose that Par3 acts as a cortical factor that tethers MTs through its association with LIC2 dynein.
### Instruction: Are the personality domains and styles of the five-factor model related to incident depression in Medicare recipients aged 65 to 100? ### Response:
The present findings highlight the importance of examining combinations of personality traits or personality styles when identifying those who are most at-risk for geriatric depression. Since other personality domains may modify the risk related to high Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness, the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of depression could be greatly improved by assessing older patients not only on all five domains of personality but in terms of their combinations.
### Instruction: Does variability in depressive symptoms predict cognitive decline in age-related macular degeneration? ### Response:
These data suggest a useful approach to conceptualizing and measuring depressive symptoms in older persons. Variability in self-reported mood may be an early sign of dementia and may offer new insights into the neurobiological mechanisms linking depression and cognition
### Instruction: Do individual differences in personality predict how people look at faces? ### Response:
This finding is discussed in relation to previous behavioral research relating personality to selective attention for trait-congruent emotional information, neuroimaging studies relating differences in personality to amygdala reactivity to socially relevant stimuli, and genetic studies suggesting linkages between the serotonin transporter gene and neuroticism. We conclude that personality may be related to interpersonal interaction by shaping aspects of social cognition as basic as eye contact. In this way, eye gaze represents a possible behavioral link in a complex relationship between genes, brain function, and personality.
### Instruction: Do natural triterpenic diols promote apoptosis in astrocytoma cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial depolarization and JNK activation? ### Response:
Overall, we provide a significant insight into the anticarcinogenic action of erythrodiol and uvaol that may have a potential in prevention and treatment of brain tumors and other cancers.
### Instruction: Does maraviroc concentrate in the cervicovaginal fluid and vaginal tissue of HIV-negative women? ### Response:
Higher maraviroc exposure in the female genital tract provides a pharmacologic basis for further evaluation of chemokine receptor 5 antagonists in HIV infection prophylaxis. This is the first study to report antiretroviral VT concentrations, CVF protein binding, and CVF terminal elimination.
### Instruction: Does [ Arsenic trioxide inhibit cell growth in imatinib-resistant bcr-abl mutant cell lines in vitro ]? ### Response:
As2O3 remarkably inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis of IM-resistant bcr-abl mutant cell lines in vitro, suggesting that it might be a potential therapeutic agent for IM-resistant CML patients.
### Instruction: Does resorcinol peel as a possible self-treatment of painful nodules in hidradenitis suppurativa? ### Response:
Topical treatment with 15% resorcinol reduced pain from painful nodules in all patients with HS. Further trials are warranted to confirm these results.
### Instruction: Is increased quantity of tumor-infiltrating FOXP3-positive regulatory T cells an independent predictor for improved clinical outcome in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma? ### Response:
Increased quantity of tumor-infiltrating Tregs predicted improved clinical outcome in NKTCL patients.
### Instruction: Is pre-operative Evaluation of Eustachian Tube Function Using a Modified Pressure Equilibration Test Predictive of Good Postoperative Hearing and Middle Ear Aeration in Type 1 Tympanoplasty Patients? ### Response:
ET function measured with a modified pressure equilibration test using an inflation-deflation manometric method is a good indicator of an aerated middle ear and is predictive of improved postoperative hearing.
### Instruction: Does tularemia induce different biochemical responses in BALB/c mice and common voles? ### Response:
As differences in lipid metabolism and the total antioxidant capacity of highly susceptible rodent species were demonstrated, the role of triglycerides, cholesterol and antioxidants in tularemic sepsis should be further investigated.
### Instruction: Is optical coherence tomography less sensitive than visual evoked potentials in optic neuritis? ### Response:
Visual evoked potentials (VEP) remains the preferred test for detecting clinical and subclinical optic neuritis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures were unrelated to disability and demographic features predicting a worse prognosis in multiple sclerosis. OCT may provide complementary information to VEP in select cases, and remains a valuable research tool for studying optic nerve disease in populations.
### Instruction: Do annotated receipts capture household food purchases from a broad range of sources? ### Response:
Receipt data provided important quantitative information about HFPB from a wide range of sources and food categories. Two weeks may be adequate to reliably characterize HFPB using annotated receipts.
### Instruction: Is conservation of the glucan phosphatase laforin linked to rates of molecular evolution and the glucan metabolism of the organism? ### Response:
Our results alter the existing view of glucan phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and strongly suggest that glucan phosphorylation is a multi-Kingdom regulatory mechanism, encompassing at least some invertebrates. These results establish boundaries concerning which organisms contain laforin. Laforin is conserved in all vertebrates, it has been lost in the vast majority of lower organisms, and yet it is an ancient gene that is conserved in a subset of protists and invertebrates that have undergone slower rates of molecular evolution and/or metabolize a carbohydrate similar to LBs. Thus, the laforin gene holds a unique place in evolutionary biology and has yielded insights into glucan metabolism and the molecular etiology of Lafora disease.
### Instruction: Does co-morbidity index predict for mortality after stereotactic body radiotherapy for medically inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer? ### Response:
The number and seriousness of co-morbidities predict overall survival in medically inoperable early-stage NSCLC treated with SBRT. Because the determination of medical operability is frequently based on both objective measures and subjective clinical judgment, it is recommended that co-morbidity be formally indexed in all studies examining the outcomes of SBRT.
### Instruction: Are serum VEGF levels in acute ischaemic strokes correlated with long-term prognosis? ### Response:
Serum VEGF levels are correlated with long-term prognoses in acute ischaemic stroke patients.
### Instruction: Does echocardiographic tissue deformation imaging quantify abnormal regional right ventricular function in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy? ### Response:
DTI and two-dimensional strain-derived parameters are superior to conventional echocardiographic parameters in identifying ARVD/C. This novel technique may have additional value in the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected ARVD/C.
### Instruction: Does impact of electronic health record-based alert on influenza vaccination for children with asthma? ### Response:
Clinical alerts were associated with only modest improvements in influenza vaccination rates.
### Instruction: Does growth hormone receptor antagonist treatment reduce exercise performance in young males? ### Response:
GH might be an important determinant of exercise capacity during prolonged exercise, but GHR antagonist did not alter fat metabolism during exercise.
### Instruction: Does infection with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease in IL-10-deficient mice? ### Response:
The presence of HV-68 in IL-10-/- mice exacerbates the developing clinical disease in this animal model of colitis.
### Instruction: Do multiple cardiac proteasome subtypes differ in their susceptibility to proteasome inhibitors? ### Response:
These data show that different inhibitors have differential inhibitory effects on the various cardiac proteasome subtypes. Different cardiac subtypes are inhibited by the same dose of proteasome inhibitor to a different extent.
### Instruction: Does alteration of neuropeptides in the lung tissue correlate brain death-induced neurogenic edema? ### Response:
NPY was released from the lung tissue of brain-dead pigs, and its concentration was related to the extent of pulmonary edema. NPY may be one of several crucial mediators of neurogenic pulmonary edema, raising the possibility of treatment with NPY-antagonists to increase the number of available lung donors.
### Instruction: Does bioluminescence imaging in mouse models quantify beta cell mass in the pancreas and after islet transplantation? ### Response:
Bioluminescence in the MIP-Luc-VU mouse model is proportional to beta cell mass in the setting of increased and decreased beta cell mass and after transplantation.
### Instruction: Is resistance exercise plus to aerobic activities associated with better lipids ' profile among healthy individuals : the ATTICA study? ### Response:
These data suggest that combining aerobic and resistance-type activities may confer a better effect on lipoprotein profile in healthy individuals than aerobic activities alone.
### Instruction: Does antibacterial therapy improve the effectiveness of prostate cancer detection using prostate-specific antigen in patients with asymptomatic prostatitis? ### Response:
Using the changes in PSA-related parameters after antibacterial therapy DeltaPSA, DeltaPSAD, and Deltaf/t PSA improve the PC detection rate and decrease unnecessary prostate biopsies in patients with asymptomatic prostatitis.
### Instruction: Does cilostazol protect endothelial cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis through ERK1/2- and P38 MAPK-dependent pathways? ### Response:
Cilostazol protects HUVECs against LPS-induced apoptosis by suppressing mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signaling. Activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs, and subsequent stimulation of CREB phosphorylation and Bcl-2 expression, may be responsible for the cellular signaling mechanism of cilostazol-mediated protection.
### Instruction: Does protein Never in Mitosis Gene A Interacting-1 regulate calpain activity and the degradation of cyclooxygenase-2 in endothelial cells? ### Response:
PIN1 reduced calpain activity and slowed the degradation of COX-2 in MAEC, an effect recapitulated by an inhibitor of calpain. Given the sensitivity of COX-2 and iNOS to calpain, PIN1 may normally limit induction of these and other calpain substrates by maintaining calpain activity in endothelial cells.
### Instruction: Do immune regulatory neural stem/precursor cells protect from central nervous system autoimmunity by restraining dendritic cell function? ### Response:
The study described herein, identifies the first member of the TGF beta/BMP family of stem cell regulators as a novel tolerogenic factor released by NPCs. Full exploitation of this pathway as an efficient tool for vaccination therapy in autoimmune inflammatory conditions is underway.
### Instruction: Does topical N-acetylcysteine reduce interleukin-1-alpha in tear fluid after laser subepithelial keratectomy? ### Response:
NAC seems to have an additive effect to steroids in suppressing IL-1alpha levels in tear fluid and may be clinically advantageous in modulating corneal wound healing during the early postoperative period after LASEK.
### Instruction: Does metabolic extract of Fusarium oxysporum induce histopathologic alterations and apoptosis in the skin of Wistar rats? ### Response:
The extract induced histopathologic alterations in the skin, probably as a result of the presence of active toxic metabolites.
### Instruction: Is time point important for effects of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for type 1 diabetes in mice? ### Response:
These results indicated that syn-BMT should be performed, when diabetes is neither too new-onset nor too late-stage. Tregs represent one mechanism for syn-BMT-induced restoration of immune tolerance in STZ-diabetic mice.
### Instruction: Does tactile thermal oral stimulation increase the cortical representation of swallowing? ### Response:
In the present study functional cortical changes elicited by oral sensory stimulation could be demonstrated. We suggest that these results reflect short-term cortical plasticity of sensory swallowing areas. These findings facilitate our understanding of the role of cortical reorganization in dysphagia treatment and recovery.
### Instruction: Does upstream high-dose tirofiban reduce myocardial infarct size in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention : a magnetic resonance imaging pilot study? ### Response:
Despite the improvement of initial TIMI flow grade, the upstream use of high-dose tirofiban did not reduce myocardial infarct size measured by CE-MRI.
### Instruction: Do the use of theraputic plasma exchange ( TPE ) in the setting of refractory burn shock? ### Response:
This is the largest study to date examining TPE as an adjunct in burn resuscitation and suggests that TPE may be effective as a salvage intervention for refractory burn shock. Physiologic parameters clearly improved after the use of TPE without any detected adverse consequences. Also, admission lactate may be a useful indicator to determine who will fail standard burn resuscitation and require TPE.
### Instruction: Does low-dose vasopressin infusion result in increased mortality and cardiac dysfunction following ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice? ### Response:
Arginine vasopressin infusion significantly depressed the myocardial function in an ischemia/reperfusion model and increased mortality in comparison with both saline and dobutamine treated animals. The use of vasopressin may be contraindicated in non-vasodilatory shock states associated with significant cardiac injury.
### Instruction: Are p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions two important indices for prognosis in gastric carcinoma? ### Response:
The p53 expression may play an important role in controlling angiogenesis by regulating VEGF expression and VEGF expression is associated closely with disease recurrence. In addition, both p53 and VEGF expression might be useful in indicating the prognosis in patients with gastric carcinoma.
### Instruction: Are hypoalbuminaemia and impaired renal function associated with increased anticholinergic drug prescribing? ### Response:
Polypharmacy, hypoalbuminaemia and low eGFR are independently associated with the ARS. Patients with a higher ARS are also prescribed higher doses of anticholinergic medications than those with lower ARS.
### Instruction: Does compression regulate mitotic spindle length by a mechanochemical switch at the poles? ### Response:
We propose that spindle length is controlled by a mechanochemical switch at the poles that regulates the depolymerization rate of kinetochore fibers in response to compression and discuss models for how this switch is controlled. Poleward force appears to be exerted along kinetochore fibers by some mechanism other than kinesin-5 activity, and we speculate that it may arise from polymerization pressure from growing plus ends of interpolar microtubules whose minus ends are anchored in the fiber. These insights provide a framework for conceptualizing mechanical integration within the spindle.
### Instruction: Are fitness and abdominal obesity independently associated with cardiovascular risk? ### Response:
Higher fitness and lower waist circumference are each independently associated to a similar extent with a lower CVD risk. Simultaneous evaluation of both fitness and abdominal obesity status in clinical practice is important.
### Instruction: Do pancreatic cancer patients who smoke and drink are diagnosed at younger ages? ### Response:
Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were associated with younger age at pancreatic cancer presentation and have a combined effect on diagnosis age. Past cigarette smoking is less influential. Smoking cessation programs could help prevent pancreatic cancer.
### Instruction: Is growth-differentiation factor-15 an independent marker of cardiovascular dysfunction and disease in the elderly : results from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors ( PIVUS ) Study? ### Response:
GDF-15 carries information on CV dysfunction and disease that is not captured by traditional CV risk factors in elderly individuals.
### Instruction: Do the biceps tendon as a measure of rotational deformity in residual brachial plexus birth palsy? ### Response:
The biceps angle is a measure of rotational deformity in patients with residual brachial plexus birth palsy, and correlates better with external rotation than either the glenoid version or the PHHA. The biceps angle may be a useful measure of rotational glenohumeral deformity before and after surgery.
### Instruction: Does addition of clonidine or dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine prolong caudal analgesia in children? ### Response:
Addition of dexmedetomidine or clonidine to caudal bupivacaine significantly promoted analgesia in children undergoing lower abdominal surgeries with no significant advantage of dexmedetomidine over clonidine and without an increase in incidence of side-effects.
### Instruction: Do keratometric alterations following the 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy versus the conventional pars plana vitrectomy? ### Response:
Both 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless and conventional pars plana vitrectomy are effective surgical modalities for selected diseases of the posterior segment. Surgical procedures are critical for the visual rehabilitation of the patients. The post-operative corneal astigmatism of the vitrectomised eyes can be accurately determined at least two months post-operatively.
### Instruction: Is lMO2 a novel predictive marker for a better prognosis in pancreatic cancer? ### Response:
LMO2 is a promising marker for predicting a better prognosis in pancreatic cancer.
### Instruction: Does acute stress increase sex differences in risk seeking in the balloon analogue risk task? ### Response:
Acute stress amplifies sex differences in risk seeking; making women more risk avoidant and men more risk seeking. Evolutionary principles may explain these stress-induced sex differences in risk taking behavior.
### Instruction: Is more lateral and anterior prefrontal coil location associated with better repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation antidepressant response? ### Response:
These results suggest that within the general anatomical area targeted by the 5-cm rule, placing the TMS coil more laterally and anteriorly is associated with improved response rates in TMS depression studies. Controlled studies testing this anatomical hypothesis are needed.
### Instruction: Does small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 [ corrected ] mediate the resistance of prosthesis-loosening fibroblast-like synoviocytes against Fas-induced apoptosis? ### Response:
These data suggest that SUMO-1 is involved in the activation of both RA FLS and prosthesis-loosening FLS by preventing these cells from undergoing apoptosis. Modification of nuclear proteins by SUMO-1 contributes to the antiapoptotic effects of SUMO-1 in prosthesis-loosening FLS, providing evidence for the specific activation of sumoylation during their differentiation. Therefore, SUMO-1 may be an interesting target for novel strategies to prevent aseptic prosthesis loosening.
### Instruction: Is risk of tuberculosis higher with anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody therapy than with soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor therapy : The three-year prospective French Research Axed on Tolerance of Biotherapies registry? ### Response:
The risk of TB is higher for patients receiving anti-TNF mAb therapy than for those receiving soluble TNF receptor therapy. The increased risk with early anti-TNF treatment and the absence of correct chemoprophylactic treatment favor the reactivation of latent TB.
### Instruction: Are adipocytokines associated with radiographic joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis? ### Response:
Concentrations of adipocytokines are increased in patients with RA and may modulate radiographic joint damage. Visfatin is associated with increased, and leptin with reduced, levels of radiographic joint damage.
### Instruction: Is the CGGGG insertion/deletion polymorphism of the IRF5 promoter a strong risk factor for primary Sjögren 's syndrome? ### Response:
Our findings indicate an association of the CGGGG insertion/deletion polymorphism of the IRF5 promoter with primary SS. Patients carrying the 4R CGGGG IRF5 allele had a high level of mRNA for IRF5 in PBMCs and salivary gland epithelial cells, mainly after in vitro viral infection. Patients with high levels of mRNA for IRF5 also had high levels of mRNA for type I IFN-induced genes in PBMCs.
### Instruction: Is the neuroprotective effects of oxaloacetate in closed head injury in rats mediated by its blood glutamate scavenging activity : evidence from the use of maleate? ### Response:
The results of this study demonstrate that the primary mechanism by which oxaloacetate provides neuroprotective activity after CHI is related to its blood glutamate scavenging activity. Management of blood glutamate concentration may have important implications in the treatment of acute brain conditions, including CHI and stroke.
### Instruction: Do young adult injection drug users in the United States continue to practice HIV risk behaviors? ### Response:
More than two decades after injection and sexual practices were identified as risk factors for HIV infection, these behaviors remain common among young IDUs. While racial/ethnic disparities persist, methamphetamine may be replacing cocaine as the drug most associated with HIV seropositivity. HIV prevention interventions targeting young IDUs and address both sexual and injection practices are needed.
### Instruction: Does self-reported pad use per day reflect patient quality of life after pubovaginal sling surgery? ### Response:
Self-reported PPD after PVS reflects patient perception of urinary-specific QOL.
### Instruction: Are the novel RASSF6 and RASSF10 candidate tumour suppressor genes frequently epigenetically inactivated in childhood leukaemias? ### Response:
This study shows the hypermethylation profile of RASSF genes in leukaemias is distinct from that of solid tumours and represents the first report of inactivation of RASSF6 or RASSF10 in cancer. These data show epigenetic inactivation of the candidate TSGs RASSF6 and RASSF10 is an extremely frequent event in the pathogenesis of childhood leukaemia. This study also warrants further investigation of the newly identified RASSF member RASSF10 and its potential role in leukaemia.
### Instruction: Is pancreatitis frequent among patients with side-branch intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia diagnosed by EUS? ### Response:
Single-center, retrospective study.