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### Instruction: Is combined glutathione S transferase M1/T1 null genotypes associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus? ### Response:
The main finding of our study is that the combined, double GSTM1/GSTT1 null genotypes are to be considered among the polymorphic genetic risk factors for type 2 DM.
### Instruction: Is vigorous exercise associated with superior metabolic profiles in polycystic ovary syndrome independent of total exercise expenditure? ### Response:
Women with PCOS who met DHHS guidelines for exercise demonstrated superior metabolic health parameters. Vigorous but not moderate activity is associated with reduced odds of the metabolic syndrome, independent of age, BMI, and total energy expenditure. PCOS patients should be encouraged to meet activity guidelines via vigorous physical activity.
### Instruction: Do glutaminase-containing microvesicles from HIV-1-infected macrophages and immune-activated microglia induce neurotoxicity? ### Response:
These findings support MVs as a potential pathway/mechanism of excessive glutamate generation and neurotoxicity in HAND and therefore MVs may serve as a novel therapeutic target.
### Instruction: Do fasting hyperinsulinaemia and 2-h glycaemia predict coronary heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes? ### Response:
Fasting insulin levels are positively associated with incidence of CHD in T2D. Furthermore, 2hPG appears to be a significant predictor of incident CHD independently of other risk factors, including HbA1c. These findings suggest that strategies targeting the reduction of insulinaemia and post-load glycaemia may be useful for preventing cardiovascular complications.
### Instruction: Is mechanical stress associated with right ventricular response to pulmonary valve replacement in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot? ### Response:
Computational modeling and right ventricular stress may be used as tools to identify right ventricular function response to pulmonary valve replacement. Large-scale clinical studies are needed to validate these preliminary findings.
### Instruction: Do nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Suppress Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice? ### Response:
Multiple clinically relevant NRTIs suppressed laser-induced CNV and downregulated VEGF-A, via P2X7.
### Instruction: Is obesity associated with increased postoperative complications after operative management of tibial shaft fractures? ### Response:
In patients who undergo either ORIF or IMN for tibial shaft fractures, obesity and its related medical comorbidities are associated with significantly increased rates of postoperative medical complications, infection, nonunion, and implant removal compared to non-obese patients.
### Instruction: Does mR Elastography demonstrate Increased Brain Stiffness in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus? ### Response:
This study demonstrates increased brain stiffness in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls; these findings should motivate future studies investigating the use of MR elastography for this condition and the efficacy of shunt therapy.
### Instruction: Are copper surfaces associated with significantly lower concentrations of bacteria on selected surfaces within a pediatric intensive care unit? ### Response:
Copper surfaces warrant serious consideration when contemplating the introduction of no-touch disinfection technologies for reducing burden to limit acquisition of HAIs.
### Instruction: Does increased pretreatment serum IFN-β/α ratio predict non-response to tumour necrosis factor α inhibition in rheumatoid arthritis? ### Response:
Increased pretreatment serum IFN-β/α ratio strongly associated with non-response to TNF inhibition. This study supports further investigation of serum type I IFN in predicting outcome of TNF inhibition in RA.
### Instruction: Is degree of Rectal Distension Seen on Prostate Radiotherapy Planning CT Scan a Negative Prognostic Factor in the Modern Era of Image-Guided Radiotherapy? ### Response:
In this cohort of predominately high-risk localised prostate cancer, rectal distension had no significant impact on PSA relapse. We suggest that regular imaging during radiotherapy negates the risk caused by rectal distension on local treatment failure.
### Instruction: Does boron-deficiency-responsive microRNAs and their targets in Citrus sinensis leave? ### Response:
Our study reveals some novel responses of citrus to B-deficiency, which increase our understanding of the adaptive mechanisms of citrus to B-deficiency at the miRNA (post-transcriptional) level.
### Instruction: Is overexpression of major CDKN3 transcripts associated with poor survival in lung adenocarcinoma? ### Response:
CDKN3 overexpression is prognostic of poor overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma. CDKN3 overexpression in lung adenocarcinoma is not attributed to alternative splicing or mutation but is likely due to increased mitotic activity, arguing against CDKN3 as a tumour suppressor.
### Instruction: Does fGFR4 be a Potential Predictive Biomarker in Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma? ### Response:
FGFR4 is frequently overexpressed in OSCC and OPSCC in the absence of gene amplification, and may serve as a potential predictive marker for FGFR4-directed targeted therapy in OSCC and OPSCC.
### Instruction: Do baseline cerebral oximetry values depend on non-modifiable patient characteristics? ### Response:
Non-modifiable patient characteristics (ASA physical status, sex, chronic renal failure, body weight and height) influence baseline rSO2.
### Instruction: Is global DNA hypomethylation associated with the development and poor prognosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma? ### Response:
Global hypomethylation was an independent biomarker for the development and poor prognosis of TSCC.
### Instruction: Do postzygotic barriers isolate sympatric species of Cyrtandra ( Gesneriaceae ) in Hawaiian montane forest understories? ### Response:
Results suggest that boundaries between sympatric Cyrtandra species in Hawaii are maintained predominantly through postzygotic barriers. Observations from between-island crosses indicate that postzygotic barriers can arise in allopatry, which may be important in the initial divergence of populations. Future studies of RI in Cyrtandra should include a broader range of species to determine if postzygotic isolating barriers are foremost in the maintenance of species boundaries in this large genus.
### Instruction: Is selection on pollen and pistil traits during pollen competition affected by both sexual conflict and mixed mating in a self-compatible herb? ### Response:
Selection on pollen and pistil traits in C. heterophylla is affected by both sexual conflict and mixed mating, suggesting the importance of jointly considering these factors in plant evolution.
### Instruction: Does identification of structural alert for liver and kidney toxicity using repeated dose toxicity data? ### Response:
It was not possible to assign an unambiguous mode of action for all the SAs, but a mechanistic explanation is provided for some of them. Such achievements may help in the early identification of liver and renal toxicity of substances.
### Instruction: Does cytochrome P450 Oxidoreductase influence CYP2B6 Activity in Cyclophosphamide Bioactivation? ### Response:
This investigation shows for the first time that POR besides CYP2B6 can influence cyclophosphamide metabolism. Our results indicate that not only CYPs are important, but also POR expression and/or activity may influence cyclophosphamide bioactivation, affecting therapeutic efficacy and treatment related toxicity and hence on clinical outcome. Thus, both POR and CYP genotype and expression levels may have to be taken into account when personalizing treatment schedules to achieve optimal therapeutic drug plasma concentrations of cyclophosphamide.
### Instruction: Does targeting glycolysis by 3-bromopyruvate improve tamoxifen cytotoxicity of breast cancer cell lines? ### Response:
3-bromopyruvate could be a valuable compound when added with tamoxifen in breast cancer treatment.
### Instruction: Does lipopolysaccharide enhance Beta2-Glycoprotein I Activation of Nuclear Factor κB in Liver Cancer Cells? ### Response:
LPS enhanced the signal transduction of β2GPI in liver cancer cells leading to activation of NF-κB, which triggered downstream signal transduction and increased the expression of downstream factors. This suggests that LPS enhancement of β2GPI signal transduction may play a role in promoting the development of liver cancer.
### Instruction: Is photodynamic Therapy-Induced Apoptosis of Keloid Fibroblasts Mediated by Radical Oxygen Species In Vitro? ### Response:
Our data indicated that HMME-mediated PDT could inhibit keloid fibroblast proliferation and could also induce apoptosis. This process was associated with the production of ROS.
### Instruction: Is increased Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio Associated with In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Aortic Dissection? ### Response:
In patients with AD, NLR levels were increased compared to patients with AAD and controls and were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. This finding implicates that admission hematological parameters may have clinical importance in evaluating the mortality risk in patients with AD.
### Instruction: Do [ The sequencing analyze of 915 newborn with GJB2 heterozygous mutation in Beijing ]? ### Response:
The probability of hereditary hearing loss is 7.09% in newborn with GJB2 heterozygous mutation in Beijing. It is noteworthy that c. 109G>A, c. 368C>A occupy a high proportion.
### Instruction: Do obese patients have similar short-term outcomes to non-obese in laparoscopic colorectal surgery? ### Response:
Obesity (BMI > 25) does not lead to worse short-term outcomes in laparoscopic colorectal surgery and therefore such patients should not be precluded from laparoscopic surgery.
### Instruction: Is moderate Alcohol Consumption Associated with Reduced All-cause Mortality? ### Response:
Moderate alcohol consumption is not associated with reduced all-cause mortality in older adults. The previously observed association may have been due to residual confounding.
### Instruction: Do polyunsaturated fatty acids trigger apoptosis of colon cancer cells through a mitochondrial pathway? ### Response:
PUFAs induced apoptosis of colon cancer cells through a mitochondrial dependent pathway.
### Instruction: Is melatonin more effective than ascorbic acid and β-carotene in improvement of gastric mucosal damage induced by intensive stress? ### Response:
Melatonin is more effective than ascorbic acid and β-carotene in improvement of gastric damage induced by intensive stress. We suggest that as well as the direct antioxidant and free radical scavenging potency of melatonin, its indirect effect via the brain-gut axis might account for its greater beneficial action against stress-induced gastric damage.
### Instruction: Are signs of immune activation and local inflammation present in the bronchial tissue of patients with untreated early rheumatoid arthritis? ### Response:
Signs of immune cell accumulation and activation are present both in the bronchial tissue and in BAL of untreated patients with early RA without concomitant lung disease, strengthening the role of the lung compartment as an important player in ACPA-positive RA.
### Instruction: Is cannabis use disorder associated with greater illness severity in tobacco smoking patients with bipolar disorder? ### Response:
Despite the multivariate approach, differences between the two samples may lead to spurious findings related to hidden confounders. Substance use and mood episode information was collected retrospectively, and potential birth cohort effects could not be controlled for.
### Instruction: Is anxiety associated with increased risk of dementia in older Swedish twins? ### Response:
Anxiety symptoms were associated with increased risk of dementia. Genetic factors common to dementia and anxiety partially mediated this association.
### Instruction: Are excessive reactive oxygen species therapeutic targets for intervertebral disc degeneration? ### Response:
A positive feedback loop was formed between excessive ROS and TNF-alpha in AF cells. Thus, oxidative stress contributes to the progression of IVD degeneration and NAC can be a therapeutic option for IVD degeneration.
### Instruction: Is overexpression of the long non-coding RNA PVT1 correlated with leukemic cell proliferation in acute promyelocytic leukemia? ### Response:
Our findings reveal that the lncRNA PVT1 may play an important role in the proliferation of APL cells and may be useful for future therapeutic management.
### Instruction: Does angiogenesis and proliferation of bile duct enhance ischemic tolerance in rats with cirrhosis? ### Response:
The results suggest that a liver with cirrhosis has a better ischemic tolerance than a normal liver. Angiogenesis and proliferation of bile duct enhances ischemic tolerance in rats with cirrhosis. More research on the pathogenesis of IBDLs is needed for developing more specific preventive or therapeutic strategies.
### Instruction: Does sevoflurane postconditioning improve long-term learning and memory of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia brain damage rats via the PI3K/Akt-mPTP pathway? ### Response:
Sevoflurane postconditioning exerts a neuroprotective effect against HIBD in neonatal rats via PI3K/Akt/eNOS and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathways, and blockage of mPTP opening may be involved in attenuation of histomorphological injury.
### Instruction: Does bariatric surgery acutely change the expression of inflammatory and lipogenic genes in obese adipose tissue? ### Response:
Bariatric surgery acutely changes the expression of inflammatory and lipogenic genes in adipose tissue. This information should be considered cautiously when designing studies to assess adipose tissue gene expression in morbidly obese patients. The same timing of sampling is mandatory.
### Instruction: Do unmet needs mediate the relationship between symptoms and quality of life in breast cancer survivors? ### Response:
Results suggest that breast cancer survivors continue to endure many symptoms independent of the survivorship period. The unmet needs mediate the relationship between symptom burden and survivors' QoL.
### Instruction: Is epidural analgesia superior to local infiltration analgesia in children with cerebral palsy undergoing unilateral hip reconstruction? ### Response:
Epidural analgesia is superior to local infiltration analgesia for early postoperative pain management in children with cerebral palsy who undergo unilateral hip reconstruction.
### Instruction: Do prevalence of pseudobulbar affect symptoms and clinical correlates in nursing home residents? ### Response:
Pseudobulbar affect symptoms were present in 17.5% of nursing home residents with neurological conditions, and 9.0% of residents overall. Increasing awareness and improving diagnostic accuracy of PBA may help optimize treatment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
### Instruction: Do mycobacterium tuberculosis secretory proteins downregulate T cell activation by interfering with proximal and downstream T cell signalling events? ### Response:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate effect of Ag85A and ESAT-6 on TCR- and TCR/CD28- induced upstream and downstream signalling events of T-cell activation in TB patients. This study showed the effect of secretory antigens of M. tuberculosis in the modulation of T cell signalling pathways. This inflection is accomplished by altering the proximal and distal events of signalling cascade which could be involved in T-cell dysfunctioning during the progression of the disease.
### Instruction: Does biochar-amended potting medium reduce the susceptibility of rice to root-knot nematode infections? ### Response:
These results suggest that biochar amendments protect rice plants challenged by nematodes. This priming effect partially depends on the ET signaling pathway and enhanced H2O2 accumulation.
### Instruction: Does p53 Activity dominate That of p73 upon Mdm4 Loss in Development and Tumorigenesis? ### Response:
Genetic characterization of the Mdm4 and p73 interaction during development and tumorigenesis suggests new insight into the role of p53 family members, which may influence treatment options for patients.
### Instruction: Do lymphocyte depletion and subset alteration correlate to renal function in chronic kidney disease patients? ### Response:
Lymphocyte depletion and subset alteration occurred during the progress of CKD. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of immune system in CKD and to expand our knowledge about the effect of uremia on the structure and function of immune system.
### Instruction: Does locomotor Adaptability Task promote Intense and Task-Appropriate Output From the Paretic Leg During Walking? ### Response:
These findings support the assertion that the nonparetic long-step task may be effective for use in poststroke locomotor rehabilitation to engage the paretic leg and promote recovery of walking.
### Instruction: Are anticipatory and consummatory effects of ( hedonic ) chocolate intake associated with increased circulating levels of the orexigenic peptide ghrelin and endocannabinoids in obese adults? ### Response:
When motivation to eat is generated by exposure to, and consumption of, chocolate a peripheral activation of specific endogenous rewarding chemical signals, including ghrelin, AEA, and 2-AG, is observed in obese subjects. Although preliminary, these findings predict the effectiveness of ghrelin and endocannabinoid antagonists in the treatment of obesity.
### Instruction: Is social interaction associated with changes in infants ' motor activity? ### Response:
These results are in line with those reported by previous studies and confirm the relevance of using motor activity to delineate the early forms of interactive episodes in infants.
### Instruction: Does gANODERMA LUCIDUM improve PHYSICAL FITNESS IN WOMEN WITH FIBROMYALGIA? ### Response:
Ganoderma lucidum may improve physical fitness in women with fibromyalgia, whereas, Ceratonia siliqua seemed to be ineffective at increasing physical fitness. These results may indicate that Ganoderma lucidum might be a useful dietary supplement to enhance physical performance of the patients suffering from fibromyalgia.
### Instruction: Is expression of epigenetic modifiers significantly altered by exposure to secondhand smoke? ### Response:
Quantification of the expression of genes encoding DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b and Dnmt3l), methyl binding domain proteins (Mecp2, Mbd2 and Mbd3) and histone deacetylases (Hdac1 and Hdac2) by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed modest but not statistically significant differences in the relative transcription of these key epigenetic regulators between SHS-exposed mice and age-matched controls. The non-significant changes in the expression of main epigenetic modifiers in SHS-exposed mice imply that SHS may predominantly induce genotoxic effects, particularly at non-tumorigenic doses, whereas epigenetic effects may only be secondary and manifest en route to tumor formation.
### Instruction: Does a novel N-acetyl-glucosamine lectin of Lonchocarpus araripensis attenuate acute cellular inflammation in mice? ### Response:
The novel N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-binding lectin isolated from L. araripensis seeds presents anti-inflammatory effect involving the lectin domain and the inhibition of 5-HT, BK, PGE2, NO, TNF-α and leukocyte rolling and adhesion.
### Instruction: Is mortality in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma increased : systematic analysis of 546 cases with long follow-up? ### Response:
Despite the improvement of treatments over the last three decades, the mortality of patients with NFAs in our series remains high. Apart from age, factors related with the management/outcome of the tumor are not independent predictors, and pituitary hormone deficits managed with the currently-used substitution protocols do not adversely affect mortality.
### Instruction: Does combination of Photodynamic Therapy and Specific Immunotherapy Efficiently eradicate Established Tumors? ### Response:
We show that immunotherapy can be efficiently combined with PDT to eradicate established tumors, based on strong local tumor ablation and the induction of a robust systemic immune response. These results suggest combination of active immunotherapy with tumor ablation by PDT as a feasible novel treatment strategy for advanced cancer.
### Instruction: Does age affect the clinical and radiological outcomes after open-wedge high tibial osteotomy? ### Response:
OWHTO using the rigid long plate was an effective procedure independent of patient's age. The results showed that age did not influence the clinical and radiological outcomes after OWHTO.
### Instruction: Do patient-reported allergies cause inferior outcomes after total knee arthroplasty? ### Response:
Patients with at least one self-reported allergy have worse post-operative outcomes in terms of the WOMAC and KSS-Knee scores after TKA than patients without allergies. These poor outcomes do not seem to be related to depression. Therefore, more research is needed to explain them. Reported allergies could be considered a prognostic factor and used when counselling TKA patients.
### Instruction: Do electronic cigarettes induce DNA strand breaks and cell death independently of nicotine in cell lines? ### Response:
E-cigarette vapor, both with and without nicotine, is cytotoxic to epithelial cell lines and is a DNA strand break-inducing agent. Further assessment of the potential carcinogenic effects of e-cigarette vapor is urgently needed.
### Instruction: Does long non-coding MIAT mediate high glucose-induced renal tubular epithelial injury? ### Response:
In summary, our data suggested that MIAT/Nrf2 served as an important signaling pathway for high glucose induced renal tubular epithelial injury.
### Instruction: Do flowers of the early-branching papilionoid legume Petaladenium urceoliferum display unique morphological and ontogenetic features? ### Response:
The floral ontogeny confirms the close affinity of P. urceoliferum with the florally heterogeneous, early-diverging papilionoid Amburaneae clade. The results strengthen the theory of a distinct experimental phase among early-branching papilionoid legumes during which a wider range of floral morphologies arose. Polysymmetry, monosymmetry, variable organ numbers, and a wide range of ontogenetic patterns laid the foundation for a successful canalization toward the more restricted but well-adapted dorsiventral papilionoid flag blossom.
### Instruction: Is the arterial tumor enhancement pattern on contrast-enhanced computed tomography associated with primary cancer death after radiofrequency ablation for small hepatocellular carcinoma? ### Response:
Arterial heterogeneous tumor enhancement on CECT is associated with critical recurrence and cancer death after RFA for small HCC.
### Instruction: Is informed consent instead of assent appropriate in children from the age of twelve : Policy implications of new findings on children 's competence to consent to clinical research? ### Response:
Although assessment of children's competence has a normative character, ethics, law and clinical practice can benefit from research data. The findings may help to do justice to the capacities children possess and challenges they may face when deciding about treatment and research options. We discuss advantages and drawbacks of standardized competence assessment in children on a case-by-case basis compared to application of a fixed age limit, and conclude that a selective implementation of case-by-case competence assessment in specific populations is preferable. We recommend the implementation of age limits based on empirical evidence. Furthermore, we elaborate on a suitable model for informed consent involving children and parents that would do justice to developmental aspects of children and the specific characteristics of the parent-child dyad. Previous research outcomes showed that children's medical decision-making capacities could be operationalized into a standardized assessment instrument. Recommendations for policies include a dual consent procedure, including both child as well as parents, for children from the age of 12 until they reach majority. For children between 10 and 12 years of age, and in case of children older than 12 years in special research populations of mentally compromised patients, we suggest a case-by-case assessment of children's competence to consent. Since such a dual consent procedure is fundamentally different from a procedure of parental permission and child assent, and would imply a considerable shift regarding some current legislations, practical implications are elaborated.
### Instruction: Is vacuum-assisted biopsy a viable alternative to surgical biopsy in the investigation of breast lesions of uncertain malignant potential? ### Response:
The increase in VAB use over time suggests that the procedure is well tolerated. The results demonstrate a VAB sensitivity of 92% for carcinoma diagnosis. In 96% of cases (150 of 156), VAB results were conclusive enough to avoid a subsequent SBx. This data suggests that VAB may be a preferable alternative to surgical biopsy for many B3 lesions.
### Instruction: Is anticholinergic burden associated with recurrent and injurious falls in older individuals? ### Response:
The association between recurrent and injurious falls and the use of any medications listed in the ACB scale was mediated through gait and balance impairment but not by muscular weakness, providing a novel insight into the potential mechanistic link between ACB and falls. Future studies should determine whether TUG and FR measurements could help inform risk to benefit decisions where ACB medications are being considered.
### Instruction: Does a Radiation-Induced Hippocampal Vascular Injury Surrogate Marker predict Late Neurocognitive Dysfunction? ### Response:
The early hippocampal vascular dose response could be a predictor of late neurocognitive dysfunction. A personalized hippocampus sparing strategy may be considered in the future.
### Instruction: Does prolonged use of human insulin increase breast cancer risk in Taiwanese women with type 2 diabetes? ### Response:
This study discloses a significantly higher risk of breast cancer associated with prolonged use of human insulin. The increased risk of breast cancer associated with human insulin use may be modified by medications such as metformin, statin and ACEI/ARB.
### Instruction: Do patients with ClearCode34-identified molecular subtypes of clear cell renal cell carcinoma represent unique populations with distinct comorbidities? ### Response:
ClearCode34, after considering distinct patterns of comorbidities in each molecular subtype, remains a strong prognostic tool in patients with ccRCC. Obesity and diabetes mellitus emerged as factors that may influence ccRCC phenotypes and further studies investigating the effect of these metabolic conditions functionally onto tumor biology are warranted. Additionally, use of angiotensin system inhibitors could be studied in the context of ccRCC molecular classification in future studies to better understand its effect on ccRCC outcomes.
### Instruction: Is [ Nucleolin expression correlated with carcinogenesis and progression of cervical squamous cell carcinoma ]? ### Response:
Overexpression of nucleolin plays an important role during carcinogenesis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and is positively correlated with tumor progression of CIN and cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
### Instruction: Do impaired post-tetanic potentiation of muscle twitch in myasthenia gravis? ### Response:
Post-tetanic potentiation of muscle twitch is significantly diminished in MG, suggesting impaired excitation-contraction coupling.
### Instruction: Does a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and calcium channel blocker SCR-1693 improve Aβ25-35-impaired mouse cognitive function? ### Response:
All these findings indicated that SCR-1693, as a double-target-direction agent, is a considerable candidate for AD therapy.
### Instruction: Is rANK/OPG ratio of expression in primary clear-cell renal cell carcinoma associated with bone metastasis and prognosis in patients treated with anti-VEGFR-TKIs? ### Response:
RANK/OPG ratio of expression in primary ccRCC is associated with BM and prognosis in patients treated with anti-VEGFR-TKIs. Prospective validation is warranted.
### Instruction: Does a Her2-let-7-β2-AR circuit affect prognosis in patients with Her2-positive breast cancer? ### Response:
The mutual and reciprocal interaction between Her2, β2-AR, and let-7f may maintain a high level of β2-AR in breast cancer cells. Our data suggest that β2-AR may be a new useful biomarker for predicting prognosis in Her2-positive breast cancer and may also be a promising selective therapeutic target for the aggressive subtype of breast cancer.
### Instruction: Does mutant GDF15 present a poor prognostic outcome for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma? ### Response:
Patients with missense GDF15 mutations have significantly poorer outcomes than those with wild-type GDF15, missense GDF15 mutations could be used as an independent increased risk factor of poor prognosis in OSCC patients.
### Instruction: Does thiosulfate mediate Cytoprotective Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide Against Neuronal Ischemia? ### Response:
The protective effects of H2S are mediated by thiosulfate that is transported across cell membrane by NaS-2 and exerts antiapoptotic effects via persulfidation of caspase-3. Given the established safety track record, thiosulfate may be therapeutic against ischemic brain injury.
### Instruction: Is zFX a Strong Predictor of Poor Prognosis in Renal Cell Carcinoma? ### Response:
Our findings show that ZFX could be considered as a predictor for prognosis of RCC patients.
### Instruction: Does oligo-based High-resolution aCGH Analysis enhance Routine Cytogenetic Diagnostics in Haematological Malignancies? ### Response:
oaCGH analysis is a valuable asset in routine cytogenetics of haematological malignancies.
### Instruction: Does systematic Tracking of Disrupted Modules identify Altered Pathways Associated with Congenital Heart Defects in Down Syndrome? ### Response:
We successfully identified 4 altered pathways and we predicted that these pathways would be good indicators for CHD in DS.
### Instruction: Does iloprost and vitamin C attenuate acute myocardial injury induced by suprarenal aortic ischemia-reperfusion in rabbits? ### Response:
This study clearly showed that myocardial injury and edema occurred after ischemia-reperfusion of abdominal aorta and that groups administered with iloprost and iloprost+vitamin C showed an attenuation of ischemia-reperfusion injury in distant organs (Tab. 3, Fig. 4, Ref. 30).
### Instruction: Does pain intensity attenuate movement control of the lumbar spine in low back pain? ### Response:
Our results indicate changes in movement control in people suffering from LBP. Whether decreased recurrence and determinism of lumbar movement patterns are intensifiers of LBP intensity or a consequence thereof should be addressed in a future prospective study.
### Instruction: Does sildenafil treatment attenuate ventricular remodeling in an experimental model of aortic regurgitation? ### Response:
Sildenafil slightly inhibits LV remodeling and improves fractional shortening in rats with AR when treatment is initiated early.
### Instruction: Does 4-Hydroxyisoleucine ameliorate an insulin resistant-like state in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulating TACE/TIMP3 expression? ### Response:
4-HIL improved an obesity-associated IR-like state in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by targeting TACE/TIMP3 and the insulin signaling pathway.
### Instruction: Is a Western dietary pattern associated with higher blood pressure in Iranian adolescents? ### Response:
The findings suggest that a Western dietary pattern is associated with higher BP in Iranian adolescents. However, additional large-scale prospective studies with adequate methodological quality are required to confirm these findings.
### Instruction: Are e-cadherin regulators differentially expressed in the epithelium and stroma of keratocystic odontogenic tumors? ### Response:
The high immunoexpression of Snail and nuclear Slug in keratocystic odontogenic tumors suggests these proteins as transcription factors without necessarily participating in 'cadherin switching'. However, the knowledge of their induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in odontogenic tumors is still limited.
### Instruction: Does the Density of Interstitial Cells of Cajal be Diminished in Choledochal Cysts? ### Response:
The scarcity of ICC in the extrahepatic biliary tract may be responsible for the etiopathogenesis of the CC.
### Instruction: Is nerve Growth Factor Expression Associated with Perineural Invasion in Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma? ### Response:
Intratumoral nerve growth factor expression is not associated with perineural invasion or recurrence-free and overall survival in patients with resected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
### Instruction: Do novel HSP90 inhibitors effectively target functions of thyroid cancer stem cell preventing migration and invasion? ### Response:
KU711 and WGA-TA are novel HSP90 inhibitors targeting CSC function and inhibiting cell migration/invasion in differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers, warranting further translational evaluation in vivo.
### Instruction: Is late follicular progesterone to estradiol ratio influenced by protocols or gonadotropins used? ### Response:
Endometrial receptivity is determined by the complex interactions of E2 and P.
### Instruction: Does airway factor XIII associate with type 2 inflammation and airway obstruction in asthmatic patients? ### Response:
FXIII expression was upregulated in the airways of asthmatic patients after allergen exposure. Expression in the sputum of asthmatic patients correlated with the type 2 immune response and airflow limitation. Excessive activity of FXIII could contribute to the pathophysiology of airway obstruction in asthmatic patients.
### Instruction: Does [ Nicotinic acid increase cellular transport of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with hypoalphalipoproteinemia ]? ### Response:
Nicotinic acid therapy increases SR-BI-dependent HDL cholesterol transport in cultured cells, establishing a new cellular mechanism by which this lipid-lowering drug appears to modulate HDL metabolism in patients with hypoalphalipoproteinemia.
### Instruction: Does mother 's Self-Efficacy mediate the Relationship Between Household Food Insecurity and Maternal Infant Feeding Styles? ### Response:
Our findings suggest that performing interventions in order to enhance mother's self-efficacy in food insecure households can lead to improve positive maternal feeding behaviors.
### Instruction: Does high Expression of FGFR4 enhance Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma? ### Response:
Our data suggested that FGFR4 might induce NPC progression and act as a potential therapeutic target in NPC.
### Instruction: Is the Expression of CD9 and PIK3CD Associated with Prognosis of Follicular Lymphoma? ### Response:
Both CD9 and PIK3CD are prognostic markers of FL. The negative correlation between CD9 and PIK3CD expression suggests that there may be crosstalks of the 2 proteins in FL.
### Instruction: Does treating hypertension in hemodialysis improve symptoms seemingly unrelated to volume excess? ### Response:
Reducing BP through the use of a strategy that includes volume control and medication improves symptoms seemingly unrelated to volume excess. In long-term hemodialysis patients, treating hypertension using home BP measurements may improve well-being.
### Instruction: Does micro-RNA analysis of renal biopsies in human lupus nephritis demonstrate up-regulated miR-422a driving reduction of kallikrein-related peptidase 4? ### Response:
KLK4, a serine esterase with putative renoprotective properties, is down-regulated by miR-422a in LN kidney suggesting that, in addition to immune activation, local factors may be implicated in the disease.
### Instruction: Is the Porphyromonas gingivalis O antigen required for inhibition of apoptosis in gingival epithelial cells following bacterial infection? ### Response:
The O-antigen region of P. gingivalis LPS is required to increase gingival epithelial cell viability upon infection by bacteria and this increase is attributable to a reduction in apoptosis. Moreover, although bacterial internalization is required, the effects observed are not due to alterations in P. gingivalis adherence, invasion or intracellular survival. Interestingly, inhibition of apoptosis correlates with increased TLR4 expression, suggesting a role for TLR4 in this process.
### Instruction: Is stress-induced cortisol associated with generation of non-negative interpretations during cognitive reappraisal? ### Response:
Although baseline cortisol and sex may have impacted the results, the results suggest that stress-induced cortisol is associated with difficulty in non-negative interpretation generation during the cognitive reappraisal process.
### Instruction: Are the importance of the belief that `` light '' cigarettes smoother in misperceptions of the harmfulness of `` light '' cigarettes in the Republic of Korea : a nationally representative cohort study? ### Response:
The strong association between the belief that "light" cigarettes are smoother on the throat and chest and the belief that "light" cigarettes are less harmful, which is consistent with previous research, provides further evidence of the need to not only ban "light" descriptors, but also prohibit cigarette design and packaging features that contribute to the perception of smoothness.
### Instruction: Are drug Transporter Genetic Variants Associated with TDF-Related Renal Dysfunction in Patients with HIV-1 Infection : A Pharmacogenetic Study? ### Response:
SNPs of the drug transporters for TDF are not associated with clinically important renal outcomes in patients who initiated TDF-containing ART.
### Instruction: Do meniscus Injuries Alter the Kinematics of Knees With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency? ### Response:
The results of this study demonstrate that a combined ACL/meniscus injury could alter the kinematics of ACL-injured knees in a different way compared with knees with isolated ACL tears, depending on the pattern of the meniscus tear. Considering the varying effect of meniscus injuries on knee joint kinematics, future studies might focus on specific treatment of patients with combined ACL and meniscus injuries to protect the joint from abnormal kinematics and subsequent postoperative cartilage degeneration.
### Instruction: Is aspirin-induced gastrointestinal damage associated with an inhibition of epithelial cell autophagy? ### Response:
Our data highlight the importance of autophagy in the gastric mucosa as a protective mechanism when the epithelium is injured. In the stomach, aspirin induces mucosal damage and reduces autophagy, thus, eliminating a protective mechanism that epithelial cells could use to escape death. We hypothesize that the combination of aspirin with drugs that activate autophagy could protect against gastric damage.
### Instruction: Does iterative sub-network component analysis enable reconstruction of large scale genetic networks? ### Response:
Our framework enables reconstruction of large gene expression data networks, without reducing their size or pruning potentially important components, and at the same time rendering the results more biological plausible. Our ISNCA method is not only suitable for prediction of key regulators in cancer studies, but it can be applied to any high-throughput gene expression data.
### Instruction: Are deletions and de novo mutations of SOX11 associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder with features of Coffin-Siris syndrome? ### Response:
We thus propose that SOX11 deletion or mutation can present with a Coffin-Siris phenotype.
### Instruction: Does high infiltration of mast cells positive to tryptase predict worse outcome following resection of colorectal liver metastases? ### Response:
High peritumoral MC infiltration predicts poor prognosis in patients who underwent hepatectomy for CRLM. The number of MCs in metastatic lesions is important for predicting the prognosis of CRLM patients and as an indication of therapy.