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### Instruction: Is oxidative stress associated with weight gain in recipients at 12-months following kidney transplantation? ### Response:
These results may indicate that elevated oxidative stress (TBARS) is associated with weight gain after kidney Tx and that incorporating early clinical prevention strategies known to decrease oxidative stress could be recommended.
### Instruction: Do medicare Benefits Schedule data to monitor influenza immunisation in Australian adults? ### Response:
MBS immunisation item data are readily available and may be useful to monitor trends in adult influenza immunisation, but they are likely to substantially underestimate coverage. Other approaches, such as capture of general practitioner-delivered influenza vaccine doses or a whole-of-life immunisation register, are needed to comprehensively monitor and estimate adult immunisation coverage for influenza and other recommended adult vaccines.
### Instruction: Do microenvironmental effects limit efficacy of thymoquinone treatment in a mouse model of ovarian cancer? ### Response:
Our findings show that pro-tumorigenic microenvironmental effects limited the efficacy of TQ in a syngeneic mouse model of ovarian cancer, and provide caution regarding its potential use in clinical trials in ovarian cancer patients.
### Instruction: Does tadalafil attenuate graft arteriosclerosis of aortic transplant in a rat model? ### Response:
These results showed that tadalafil can attenuate graft arteriosclerosis by cGMP -PKG-I pathway.
### Instruction: Is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy a safe and effective treatment for pancreatic stones coexisting with pancreatic pseudocysts? ### Response:
In our multispecialty tertiary center, initial P-ESWL followed by ERCP was safe in patients with coexisting pancreatic stones and PPCs and effective for stone clearance, main pancreatic duct drainage, and pain relief.
### Instruction: Do geographical miss is associated with vulnerable plaque and increased major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with myocardial infarction? ### Response:
GM is common after PCI and associated with more vulnerable plaque composition/subtype. GM may confer a worse prognosis in patients undergoing PCI for MI. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
### Instruction: Are cortical Lewy bodies and Aβ burden associated with prevalence and timing of dementia in Lewy body diseases? ### Response:
High CLB burden is a key neuropathological substrate of dementia in LBD. Elevated cortical LB pathology and Aβ plaque deposition are both correlated with a faster progression to dementia. The higher CLB load in the temporal and parietal regions, which seems to be a distinguishing feature of DLB, may account for the shorter latency to dementia and could be mediated by the APOE ϵ4 allele.
### Instruction: Does transcriptome-wide analysis support environmental adaptations of two Pinus pinaster populations from contrasting habitats? ### Response:
Both transcriptome platforms have proven to be useful resources, showing complementary and reliable results. The results presented here highlight the different abilities of the two maritime pine populations to sense environmental conditions and reveal one type of regulation that can be ascribed to different genetic and epigenetic backgrounds.
### Instruction: Does three-Dimensional Gait Analysis Following Achilles Tendon Rupture With Nonsurgical Treatment reveal Long-Term Deficiencies in Muscle Strength and Function? ### Response:
Nonsurgically treated patients with Achilles tendon rupture showed signs of both anatomic and functional lengthening of the tendon. Attenuated muscle strength and function were present during walking as long as 2 to 5 years after rupture, as determined by 3-dimensional gait analysis. More extensive future studies involving patients having both surgical and nonsurgical treatment could provide additional valuable information.
### Instruction: Does prenatal cigarette smoke exposure attenuate recovery from hypoxemic challenge in preterm infants? ### Response:
We provide evidence of how prenatal CS exposure and hypoxemic episodes affect the duration and recovery of breathing pauses in preterm infants. These observations could help explain why these infants are at a particularly high risk for sudden infant death syndrome.
### Instruction: Is transcription of G-protein coupled receptors in corporeal smooth muscle regulated by the endogenous neutral endopeptidase inhibitor sialorphin? ### Response:
These experiments suggest that the mechanism by which Vcsa1 modulates erectile function is partly mediated through changes in GPCR expression.
### Instruction: Are age , tumor size , and in-office ultrasonography predictive parameters of malignancy in follicular neoplasms of the thyroid? ### Response:
Age and tumor size are predictive parameters of malignancy in follicular neoplasm of the thyroid. Suspicious ultrasonography findings also have an important predictive role. Total thyroidectomy is reasonable in patients with follicular neoplasm on frozen section if they are young (<45 years old), with large (>4 cm) tumors or if there are suspicious findings on in-office ultrasonography.
### Instruction: Does dexamethasone increase pigment epithelium-derived factor in perfused human eyes? ### Response:
DEX action in the human TM might include a PEDF-mediating pathway.
### Instruction: Are plasma PCSK9 levels significantly modified by statins and fibrates in humans? ### Response:
These results suggest that in vivo (1) statins directly increase PCSK9 expression while (2) fibrates affect PCSK9 expression indirectly through its modulation of cholesterol levels and (3) that these therapies could be improved by combination with a PCSK9 inhibitor, constituting a novel hypercholesterolemic therapy, since PCSK9 was significantly upregulated by both treatments.
### Instruction: Does recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated human kallikrein gene therapy prevent high-salt diet-induced hypertension without effect on basal blood pressure? ### Response:
Our study indicates that rAAV-mediated human tissue kallikrein gene delivery is a potentially safe method for the long-term treatment of hypertension. More importantly, it could be applied in the salt-sensitive population to prevent the occurrence of hypertension.
### Instruction: Does angiopoietin-1 protect mesenchymal stem cells against serum deprivation and hypoxia-induced apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt pathway? ### Response:
These results demonstrate that Ang1 can protect MSC against serum deprivation and hypoxia-induced apoptosis; Ang1/Tie-2 signaling and its downstream PI3K/Akt messenger pathway are crucial in the processes leading to MSC survival.
### Instruction: Does simvastatin plus nitric oxide synthase inhibition modulate remote organ damage following skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury? ### Response:
Simvastatin protects against remote IRI-induced damage in the lungs and kidneys, suggesting statins may reduce the severity of IRI during major vascular surgery.
### Instruction: Does angiotensinogen genotype predict abnormal renal hemodynamics in young hypertensive patients? ### Response:
The angiotensinogen 235TT variant predicts premature blunting of renal vascular responsiveness among young hypertensive patients. This abnormal response is corrected by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. This first report of age and genotype interaction may have important implications in the profiling and management of essential hypertension.
### Instruction: Do high-sugar diets increase cardiac dysfunction and mortality in hypertension compared to low-carbohydrate or high-starch diets? ### Response:
Diets high in sugar accelerated cardiac systolic dysfunction and mortality in hypertension compared to either a low-carbohydrate/high-fat or high-starch diet.
### Instruction: Does amiodarone protect diabetics and non-diabetics undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting equally? ### Response:
Diabetics and non-diabetics had the same effect of the amiodarone prophylaxis regime. Atrial fibrillation developed equally among diabetics and non-diabetics, but the length of stay was prolonged for diabetics.
### Instruction: Does exposure to concentrated ambient particles affect vascular function in patients with coronary heart disease? ### Response:
Despite achieving marked increases in particulate matter, exposure to CAPs--low in combustion-derived particles--did not affect vasomotor or fibrinolytic function in either middle-aged healthy volunteers or patients with coronary heart disease. These findings contrast with previous exposures to dilute diesel exhaust and highlight the importance of particle composition in determining the vascular effects of particulate matter in humans.
### Instruction: Is stimulation of contractions in human myometrium by serotonin unmasked by smooth muscle relaxants? ### Response:
The ability of serotonin to increase contractions in the uterus appears to depend on the background activity of the tissue and is greatest in quiescent tissue. It is therefore possible that in quiescent, preterm myometrium, aberrant serotonin signaling could contribute to preterm labor. Serotonin may also play a key role in the postpartum prevention of uterine atony and consequent hemorrhage.
### Instruction: Are atypical cortical connectivity and visuospatial cognitive impairments related in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome? ### Response:
Our results suggest that atypical development of connective patterns in the brains of children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome indicate a neuropathology that is related to the visuospatial cognitive impairments that are commonly found in affected individuals.
### Instruction: Are fruit and vegetables similarly categorised by 8-13-year-old children? ### Response:
These categories should be tested to assess their ability to facilitate search of FaV items in a computerised 24 hdr for children in this age group.
### Instruction: Does a simple noninvasive score predict gastroesophageal varices in patients with chronic viral hepatitis? ### Response:
Patients with chronic viral hepatitis and a score <2 need not undergo upper endoscopy, as they are unlikely to have large varices. Because about 50% of our patients had this score, 50% of upper endoscopies may be safely avoided.
### Instruction: Are hypertension and diabetes mellitus associated with cardiovascular events in the elderly without cardiovascular disease . Results of a 15-year follow-up in a Mediterranean population? ### Response:
In a 15-year follow-up of an elderly Mediterranean population free from CV disease, diabetes mellitus and hypertension were related to CV events. The control of risk factors in the elderly needs to be reinforced to achieve better results in terms of CV prevention.
### Instruction: Is altered gene expression in early atherosclerosis blocked by low level apolipoprotein E? ### Response:
Atherosclerotic lesions in apoE(-/-) mice are detected as early as 4 weeks of age. Expression of low levels of apoE is shown to be both atheroprotective and to suppress these changes in key adhesion and inflammatory molecules observed in early atherosclerotic lesions.
### Instruction: Do hepatotoxin-induced changes in the adult murine liver promote MYC-induced tumorigenesis? ### Response:
Our results suggest a model whereby oncogenes can remain latently activated, but exposure of the adult liver to hepatotoxins that promote hepatocyte proliferation can rapidly uncover their malignant potential.
### Instruction: Does pre-treatment haemoglobin level predict response and survival after TPF induction polychemotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer patients? ### Response:
In patients with advanced squamous cell head and neck cancer, the haemoglobin level prior to induction chemotherapy is significantly related to outcome including response and survival.
### Instruction: Are distinct signature type I interferon responses determined by the infecting virus and the target cell? ### Response:
These data suggest that the infecting virus and the target cell type dictate the extent and signature of inducible type I IFN gene expression. The extent of IFN response to viral infection influences the subsequent biological outcome: a robust IFN response prescribes a level of resistance, whereas a poor IFN response contributes towards a permissive phenotype for infection.
### Instruction: Is suboptimal response to adefovir dipivoxil therapy for chronic hepatitis B in nucleoside-naive patients due to pre-existing drug-resistant mutants? ### Response:
Suboptimal response to ADV might result from a host pharmacological effect or from patient compliance issues rather than from a reduced susceptibility of HBV to ADV.
### Instruction: Is cD5 expression potentially predictive of poor outcome among biomarkers in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma receiving rituximab plus CHOP therapy? ### Response:
CD5 expression was the only significant prognostic factor among the biomarkers examined in this study. Further studies with larger numbers are warranted to confirm the prognostic significance of CD5 expression for patients with DLBCL receiving rituximab-containing chemotherapy.
### Instruction: Does half-molar sodium-lactate solution have a beneficial effect in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting? ### Response:
Half-molar lactate solution is effective for fluid resuscitation in post-CABG patients. Compared to Ringer's Lactate, its use results in a significantly higher cardiac index with less volume being infused, resulting in a very negative post-operative body fluid balance.
### Instruction: Does resting energy expenditure in insulin resistance fall with decompensation of insulin secretion in obese children? ### Response:
Findings in the CIR and DIR groups support the correlation of REE with metabolic changes consistent with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus.
### Instruction: Does tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition protect against endotoxin-induced endothelial glycocalyx perturbation? ### Response:
These data suggest that inflammatory activity, in part mediated by TNFalpha, leads to perturbation of the endothelial glycocalyx in humans. This may contribute to the vascular vulnerability induced by inflammation.
### Instruction: Does application of Evicel to cavernous nerves of the rat influence erectile function in vivo? ### Response:
These data suggest that the hemostatic agent, Evicel, is safe in an experimental rat model of erection physiology, with no detrimental effects on neuroregulatory control of erection.
### Instruction: Does pulsatile pulmonary perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass reduce the pulmonary inflammatory response? ### Response:
Active pulmonary perfusion reduces the inflammatory response and apoptosis in the lungs observed during conventional CPB. This effect is greatest when pulmonary perfusion is performed with pulsatility. The reduction in cytokine expression by pulsatile pulmonary perfusion might be mediated by AP-1 and NF-kappaB.
### Instruction: Does lipopolysaccharide stimulation of human aortic valve interstitial cells activate inflammation and osteogenesis? ### Response:
The LPS stimulation of HAVICs not only induces inflammatory mediators but also induces gene expression of osteogenic factors, similar to that induced by osteogenic media. Bacterial products stimulation, likely by toll-like receptor 4 and the innate immune system, may contribute to the pathogenesis of aortic valve stenosis.
### Instruction: Does treatment of pregnant rats with oleoyl-estrone slow down pup fat deposition after weaning? ### Response:
The OE influences on pup growth can be partially buffered by maternal lipid mobilization during the second half of pregnancy. This maternal metabolic "imprinting" may condition the eventual accumulation of adipose tissue after weaning, and its effects can affect the regulation of body weight up to adulthood.
### Instruction: Does pharmacological inhibitor of fatty acid synthase suppress growth and invasiveness of renal cancer cells? ### Response:
Pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid synthase could be an effective strategy for treating renal cell carcinoma.
### Instruction: Is proteasome activation by hepatitis C core protein reversed by ethanol-induced oxidative stress? ### Response:
HCV core protein interacts with PA28, mitochondrial, and endoplasmic reticulum proteins to cause low levels of oxidant stress and proteasome activation, which is dampened during ethanol metabolism when oxidant generation is higher.
### Instruction: Does oncogenic KRAS induce progenitor cell expansion and malignant transformation in zebrafish exocrine pancreas? ### Response:
These results provide a unique view of the tumor-initiating effects of oncogenic KRAS in a living vertebrate organism, and suggest that zebrafish models of pancreatic cancer may prove useful in advancing our understanding of the human disease.
### Instruction: Does the fatty acid receptor GPR40 play a role in insulin secretion in vivo after high-fat feeding? ### Response:
GPR40 plays a role not only in fatty acid modulation of insulin secretion, but also in GSIS after high-fat feeding. These observations raise doubts on the validity of a therapeutic approach based on GPR40 antagonism for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
### Instruction: Does methodology for characterizing proficiency in interpreting sputum smear microscopy result in the diagnosis of tuberculosis? ### Response:
Double-blind sputum smear microscopy readings using a panel containing 75 slides (36 negative, 4 inconclusive, and 35 positive) proved to be appropriate for characterizing proficiency in sputum smear microscopy for the diagnosis of tuberculosis when such proficiency is intended to reproduce laboratory routine.
### Instruction: Is serum carbonic anhydrase 9 level associated with postoperative recurrence of conventional renal cell cancer? ### Response:
Our data suggest that serum carbonic anhydrase 9 is increased as the tumor progression occurs. A high carbonic anhydrase 9 level is associated with postoperative recurrence.
### Instruction: Is local body composition associated with gender differences of bone development at the forearm in puberty? ### Response:
Modeling and bone strength were primarily predicted by MA. Markers of remodeling were positively correlated with FA in pubertal females, but not in prepubertal individuals and pubertal males. Therefore, gender and puberty modify the relationship between FA and bone development.
### Instruction: Does intestinal lipid absorption increase cold ischemia of the small bowel in rats? ### Response:
Intestinal lipid administration before cold storage clearly decreases histologic damage of the small bowel and might increase the tolerance for cold ischemia. Lipids or their metabolites stored in enterocytes may act as an antiinflammatory. Intestinal lipid administration in organ donors might be useful to increase cold ischemic tolerance of the small bowel.
### Instruction: Does dihydrotestosterone inhibit murine hair growth via the androgen receptor? ### Response:
Androgens inhibit hair growth in mice, and this inhibition might be caused by androgen-androgen receptor signals.
### Instruction: Does axin2 expression identify progenitor cells in the murine prostate? ### Response:
Axin2 expressing cells that co-express Sca-1 are present in all prostate lobes suggesting that progenitor cells reside within the Wnt active population. An understanding of the basic biology of signaling pathways mediating growth in the prostate may lead to rational therapies to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.
### Instruction: Is antiretroviral therapy associated with an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype among HIV-1-infected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study? ### Response:
Use of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected men was associated with an "atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype."
### Instruction: Does mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 ( MK2 ) modulate key biological pathways associated with OA disease pathology? ### Response:
Our data reveal that MK2 is active in OA human articular cartilage and in isolated primary human chondrocytes and that MK2 mediates the release of PGE2, MMP3 and MMP13. These findings suggest a role for MK2 in contributing to OA algesia and OA joint structural deterioration by mediating the downstream effects of p38 activation on PGE2 release and the expression and release of catabolic proteases.
### Instruction: Does up-regulation of CD40 with juxtacrine activity in human nonsmall lung cancer cells correlate with poor prognosis? ### Response:
The current results suggested that CD40 expression in tumors is associated with a poor prognosis and that the juxtacrine interaction of CD40-CD154 among cancer cells facilitates the development of malignant potential in nonsmall cell lung cancer.
### Instruction: Does a novel mutation confirm MFRP as the gene causing the syndrome of nanophthalmos-renititis pigmentosa-foveoschisis-optic disk drusen? ### Response:
We confirmed that the syndrome of posterior microphthalmos, retinitis pigmentosa, foveoschisis, and optic disk drusen constitutes a distinct autosomal recessive entity. The novel frameshift mutation identified in the family described here validates MFRP as the gene responsible for this particular disease, which characteristically involves structures located at the posterior segment of the eye.
### Instruction: Is lPS-induced MCP-1 and IL-6 production reversed by oestrogen in human periodontal ligament cells? ### Response:
LPS stimulates PDL cell IL-6 and MCP-1 production but has no effect on the normal physiological properties of PDL cells. LPS-induced IL-6 and MCP-1 is not reversed by oestrogen suggesting that oestrogen exerts no anti-inflammatory effect via this mechanism.
### Instruction: Does removal of all radioactive sentinel nodes in breast cancer improve the detection of positive sentinel nodes? ### Response:
Lymphoscintigraphy does not accurately predict the number of SLNs identified intraoperatively, this number being underestimated. Surgeons should remove all radioactive SLNs to improve the detection of positive SLNs.
### Instruction: Does gait analysis correlate with clinical and MR imaging parameters in patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis? ### Response:
According to the results of this study MRI findings failed to show a major clinical relevance when evaluating the walking distance in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and, therefore, should be treated with some caution as a predictor of walking distance. In determining the disease pattern of spinal stenosis functional back capacity and BMI might play a more active role than previously thought.
### Instruction: Does mononuclear cell-derived interleukin-1 beta confer chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells by upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2? ### Response:
Mononuclear cells protect pancreatic cancer cells from drug-induced apoptosis in vitro by interleukin-1beta-mediated expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and production of prostaglandins. This study highlights the importance of tumor-host interactions in pancreatic cancers and may provide the basis for novel therapeutic approaches to sensitize pancreatic cancers to chemotherapeutic agents.
### Instruction: Does a polyamine analog bismethylspermine ameliorate severe pancreatitis induced by intraductal infusion of taurodeoxycholate? ### Response:
Taurodeoxycholate-induced acute pancreatitis was associated with activation of polyamine catabolism in the pancreas. The polyamine analog Me(2)Spm ameliorated the injury in the early stage, but it did not ameliorate the late progression of the pancreatic necrosis at 72 h. Thus, besides proteolytic enzyme activation and the cascades of inflammation, polyamine catabolism may be an important pathogenetic mediator of the early stages of acute pancreatitis.
### Instruction: Do both tissue-type plasminogen activator and urokinase prevent intraabdominal abscess formation after surgical treatment of peritonitis in the rat? ### Response:
Both rtPA and urokinase effectively and safely reduce abscess formation in a rat model for treatment of secondary peritonitis. Fibrinolytic therapy should be further developed for clinical application.
### Instruction: Does biliary drainage attenuate postischemic reperfusion injury in the cholestatic rat liver? ### Response:
The cholestatic rat is more susceptible to postischemic liver injury and these injurious effects were significantly attenuated by biliary decompression.
### Instruction: Does platelet-rich plasma have no effect on increasing free fat graft survival in the nude mouse? ### Response:
PRP did not enhance free fat graft survival in the nude mouse.
### Instruction: Does power quality affect teacher wellbeing and student behavior in three Minnesota Schools? ### Response:
Dirty electricity in schools may be adversely affecting wellbeing of teachers and behavior of their students, especially younger students in middle and elementary school. Power line filters improve power quality and may also protect those who are sensitive to this energy. Work on electric and magnetic field metrics with and without Stetzer filters urgently needs to be carried out to determine just what characteristics of the dirty electricity may be interacting with the people.
### Instruction: Are brain white matter hyperintensities associated with carotid intraplaque hemorrhage? ### Response:
Carotid artery disease and leukoaraiosis were associated with features that indicated plaque instability, namely IPH, whereas the degree of stenosis had no effect.
### Instruction: Does clopidogrel pretreatment abolish increase of PAI-1 after coronary stent implantation? ### Response:
Clopidogrel pretreatment completely abolishes the increase of PAI-1 active antigen after coronary stent implantation. This suggests that peri-procedural platelet activation might play a major role for the increase of PAI-1 after PCI thus increasing the risk of acute and subacute thrombus formation based on a reduced endogenous fibrinolytic system.
### Instruction: Are peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis differentially sensitive to apoptosis induced by anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha therapy? ### Response:
In vitro induction of lymphocyte apoptosis by anti-TNF-alpha was observed in a subgroup of RA patients. Based on these data, it would be of interest to further study the interindividual variations of sensitivity to apoptosis induced by TNF alpha inhibitors in relation to treatment efficacy or resistance observed in RA patients.
### Instruction: Are stem cell factor and its receptor , c-kit , important for hepatocyte proliferation in wild-type and tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 knockout mice after 70 % hepatectomy? ### Response:
These data suggest that TNF-alpha-induced hepatocyte proliferation depends, at least in part, on SCF and that SCF and its receptor, c-kit, are important for the liver's regenerative processes.
### Instruction: Is diurnal rhythmicity in glucose uptake mediated by temporal periodicity in the expression of the sodium-glucose cotransporter ( SGLT1 )? ### Response:
Our results definitively link diurnal changes in intestinal glucose uptake capacity to changes in both SGLT1 mRNA and protein. These findings suggest that modulation of transporter expression would enhance intestinal function and provide an impetus to elucidate the mechanisms that underlie diurnal rhythmicity in transcription. Modulation of intestinal function would benefit the management of malnutrition as well as diabetes and obesity.
### Instruction: Are unique spatial and cellular expression patterns of Hoxa5 , Hoxb4 , and Hoxb6 proteins in normal developing murine lung modified in pulmonary hypoplasia? ### Response:
Unique spatial and cellular expression of Hoxa5, Hoxb4, and Hoxb6 participates in branching morphogenesis and terminal sac formation. Altered Hox protein temporal and cellular balance of expression either contributes to pulmonary hypoplasia or functions as a compensatory mechanism attempting to correct abnormal lung development and maturation in this condition.
### Instruction: Is the pituitary-adrenal axis activated more in non-survivors than in survivors of cardiac arrest , irrespective of therapeutic hypothermia? ### Response:
In comatose patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest, the pituitary-adrenal axis is activated particularly in those dying in the ICU, irrespective of therapeutic hypothermia. Hence, activation of the axis may be a marker of fatal cerebral damage. There is no firm evidence for relative adrenal insufficiency associated with death and a transiently blunted cortisol response to ACTH in non-survivors may be attributed to higher baseline values.
### Instruction: Is symmetric dimethylarginine an independent predictor of intradialytic hypotension? ### Response:
Increased pre-HD SDMA plasma concentrations and greater SDMA reductions during HD independently predict IDH after adjusting for demographic and clinical variables, pre-HD SBP, and other methylated forms of L-arginine.
### Instruction: Are lOXL1 genetic polymorphisms associated with exfoliation glaucoma in the Japanese population? ### Response:
Although the functional effects of the LOXL1 SNP appear to be qualitative rather than quantitative, the amino acid substitution (R141L) caused by SNP rs1048661 is not a simple decisive factor for XFG due to the inverted allele frequency between Japanese XFG and Caucasian XFG patients. Further genetic and functional studies are essential for clarifying XFG pathogenesis.
### Instruction: Is mast cell activation characterized by upregulation of a functional anaphylatoxin C5a receptor? ### Response:
Collectively, our results suggest that Ag-dependent as well as -independent activation induces an inflammatory MC phenotype which is distinguished by neoexpression of a functional C5aR as a novel effector mechanism in MC-mediated pathogenesis.
### Instruction: Does the CD44+/CD24- phenotype is enriched in basal-like breast tumors? ### Response:
We demonstrate an association between basal-like and particularly BRCA1 hereditary breast cancer and the presence of CD44+/CD24- cells. Not all basal-like tumors and very few HER2+ tumors, however, contain CD44+/CD24- cells, emphasizing that a putative tumorigenic ability may not be confined to cells of this phenotype and that other breast cancer stem cell markers remain to be identified.
### Instruction: Does high-dose insulin therapy attenuate systemic inflammatory response in coronary artery bypass grafting patients? ### Response:
High-dose insulin therapy blunts the early postoperative surge in inflammatory response to CPB as reflected by decreased levels of IL6, IL8, and TNFalpha.
### Instruction: Is tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases II ( TIMP-2 ) an osteoanabolic factor in vitro and in vivo? ### Response:
We conclude that one component responsible for the healing effect of CSDs of POBC supernatants derived from prenatal donors is TIMP-2.
### Instruction: Does endothelial alpha-1-antitrypsin attenuate cigarette smoke induced apoptosis in vitro? ### Response:
Our results suggest that AAT is taken up by endothelial cells via two mechanisms and that intracellular AAT may have a protective role in CS-induced endothelial apoptosis. This may open new insights into the field of endothelial serpins as agents capable of protecting the vasculature from environment-derived noxious substances.
### Instruction: Do comparative clinical results after implant placement in the posterior maxilla with and without sinus augmentation? ### Response:
The outcomes for implants with augmentation were similar to those without augmentation.
### Instruction: Do nicotine and amphetamine acutely cross-potentiate their behavioral and neurochemical responses in female Holtzman rats? ### Response:
Overall, the present data demonstrate that acute interactions of nicotine and other psychomotor stimulants produce potentiative effects and that these transient interactions may play a role in the frequent co-use and abuse of nicotine and other stimulants.
### Instruction: Is endothelial permeability increased by the supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with HLA Class II antibody? ### Response:
Both TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, generated from PBMNCs by anti-HLA-DR plasma in a corresponding antigen-antibody-dependent manner, led to an increase in endothelial permeability. The activation of monocytes by the HLA-DR antibodies and the resultant inflammatory mediators could contribute to the pathogenesis of rash, urticaria, angioedema, and pulmonary edema after transfusion.
### Instruction: Does intra-amygdaloid infusion of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract ( EGb761 ) facilitate fear-potentiated startle in rats? ### Response:
These results suggested that a single dose of EGb761 also has memory-enhancing effects in young animals. In addition, BLA is the central locus for EGb761 facilitation effect on FPS.
### Instruction: Is volume overhydration related to endothelial dysfunction in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients? ### Response:
There was independent correlation between index of volume status and FMD, and higher nECW was related to worse endothelial function. The results of this study may help us understand the underlying mechanism of volume overhydration leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients.
### Instruction: Is treatment with granulocyte colony stimulating factor associated with improvement in endothelial function? ### Response:
Treatment with G-CSF improves endothelial function in vivo, possibly by shifting the balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
### Instruction: Does group B streptococcal beta-hemolysin/cytolysin directly impair cardiomyocyte viability and function? ### Response:
Our data show a rapid loss of cardiomyocyte viability and function induced by GBS beta h/c, and these deleterious effects are inhibited by DPPC, a normal constituent of human pulmonary surfactant.. These findings have clinical implications for the cardiac dysfunction observed in neonatal GBS infections.
### Instruction: Does proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer cells reveal dynamic processes of protein secretion and shedding of extra-cellular domains? ### Response:
Protein profiles of the cell lines had substantial similarity to the profiles of human ovarian cancer cells from ascites fluid and included protein markers known to be associated with ovarian cancer. Proteomic analysis indicated extensive shedding from extra-cellular domains of proteins expressed on the cell surface, and remarkably high secretion rates for some proteins (nanograms per million cells per hour). Cell surface and secreted proteins identified by in-depth proteomic profiling of ovarian cancer cells may provide new targets for diagnosis and therapy.
### Instruction: Do divergent pathways in COS-7 cells mediate defective internalization and intracellular routing of truncated G-CSFR forms in SCN/AML? ### Response:
Our data suggest that distinct domains within the G-CSFR mediate separate processes for receptor internalization and degradation. Our findings using standard binding assays differ from recently published data utilizing flow cytometry.
### Instruction: Is retinal nerve fiber layer atrophy associated with physical and cognitive disability in multiple sclerosis? ### Response:
In summary, both OCT and HRT are able to detect thinning of the RNFL, but OCT seems to be the most sensitive technique to identify changes associated with MS evolution.
### Instruction: Does pharmacological and genetic inhibition of NADPH oxidase reduce brain damage in different models of perinatal brain injury in newborn mice? ### Response:
NADPH oxidase is upregulated after hypoxia-ischemia and activated microglia cells are a possible source of Nox2-derived ROS. In contrast to findings in adult brain, NADPH oxidase does not significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of perinatal brain injury. Results obtained in adult animals cannot be transferred to newborns and inhibition of NADPH oxidase should not be used in attempts to attenuate injury.
### Instruction: Is pRNP 1368 polymorphism associated with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the Korean population? ### Response:
A significant difference of genotype and allele frequencies at PRNP 1368 was found between the normal Korean population and various European populations. In contrast to the results in the British and German populations, our study does not show a significant difference in genotype (P = 0.2763) and allele (P = 0.3750) frequencies of PRNP 1368 between sporadic CJD and normal controls.
### Instruction: Is m129V polymorphism in the prion protein gene associated with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in a Han Chinese population? ### Response:
The present study provides evidence that the M129V polymorphism in the PRNP gene is not associated with MTLE in a Han Chinese population.
### Instruction: Is airway hyperresponsiveness dissociated from airway wall structural remodeling? ### Response:
Mast cell localization to the ASM bundle, but not structural remodeling of the airway wall, is associated with AHR in asthma.
### Instruction: Does addition of dextran sulfate to blood cardioplegia attenuate reperfusion injury in a porcine model of cardiopulmonary bypass? ### Response:
Addition of DXS to the BCP solution ameliorates post-CPB injury and to a certain extent improves cardiopulmonary function. Endothelial protection in addition to myocyte protection may improve post-CPB outcome and recovery.
### Instruction: Is performance at symptom-limited stair-climbing test associated with increased cardiopulmonary complications , mortality , and costs after major lung resection? ### Response:
Performance at a maximal stair-climbing test was reliably associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality. We recommend the use of this simple and economic test in all lung resection candidates. Patients who perform poorly at the stair-climbing test should undergo a formal cardiopulmonary exercise test with measurement of oxygen consumption to optimize their perioperative management.
### Instruction: Are mannose-binding lectin polymorphisms associated with rheumatoid arthritis -- confirmation in two large cohorts? ### Response:
MBL genotype groups are not associated with RA disease susceptibility or severity in this large study including a confirmation cohort. Compared with previous smaller studies these results add to more definite conclusions.
### Instruction: Is cADM1 a strong neuroblastoma candidate gene that maps within a 3.72 Mb critical region of loss on 11q23? ### Response:
Our study puts CADM1 forward as a strong candidate neuroblastoma suppressor gene. Further functional studies are warranted to elucidate the role of CADM1 in neuroblastoma development and to investigate the possibility of CADM1 haploinsufficiency in neuroblastoma.
### Instruction: Does [ Buried penis decrease nitric oxide synthase of the corpus cavernosum ]? ### Response:
Buried penis decreases the NOS activity of the corpus cavernosum in a positively time-related manner, but with no significant influence on its appearance and weight.
### Instruction: Does [ Subchronic exposure to acrylamide affect reproduction and testis endocrine function of rats ]? ### Response:
Subchronic exposure to acrylamide could affect the normal development of sperm, cause changes of the activity of some enzymes in the testis and significantly influence hindlimb motor coordination. Acrylamide directly damages Leydig cells and affects the endocrine function of the testis.
### Instruction: Does [ Phyllanthus urinaria extract promote N-cadherin expression in nitrogen mustard-disrupted testicular tissues in vivo ]? ### Response:
The PU extract can effectively promote the N-cadherin expression in the testis tissues disrupted by HN2.
### Instruction: Do men suffer vertebral fractures with similar spinal T-scores to women? ### Response:
We conclude that although men with vertebral fractures have greater vertebral dimensions and BMD than women, the lumbar T-scores are similar. Therefore, it seems reasonable to adopt the same T-score values for the diagnosis of osteoporosis in men and women.
### Instruction: Is the alpha1A-adrenoceptor gene required for the alpha1L-adrenoceptor-mediated response in isolated preparations of the mouse prostate? ### Response:
alpha1L-Adrenoceptor-mediated responses in mouse prostate are abolished in alpha1A -/- mice, demonstrating that the alpha1A-adrenoceptor gene is essential to the manifestation of the prostatic alpha1L-adrenoceptor phenotype. This implies that alpha1L-adrenoceptors are indeed a functional phenotype of alpha1A-adrenoceptor.
### Instruction: Are interactions between CB ( 1 ) receptors and TRPV1 channels mediated by 12-HPETE cytotoxic to mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons? ### Response:
Activation of CB(1) receptors in rat mesencephalic neurons was associated with biosynthesis of 12(S)-HPETE, which in turn stimulated TRPV1 activity, leading to increased [Ca(2+)](i), mitochondrial damage and neuronal death.