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### Instruction: Does peroperative transrectal ultrasonography-guided bladder neck dissection ease the learning of robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy? ### Response:
peTRUS during RALP decreased the positive surgical margin rate at the base of the prostate during the initial experience of RALP.
### Instruction: Do several distinct properties of the IgE repertoire determine effector cell degranulation in response to allergen challenge? ### Response:
This study demonstrates how distinct properties of the IgE repertoire, such as total and allergen-specific IgE antibody concentration, IgE affinity, and IgE clonality, affect effector cell degranulation.
### Instruction: Is insulin resistance the major determinant for microalbuminuria in severe hypertriglyceridemia : implication for high-risk stratification? ### Response:
HOMA-IR is the major determinant for microalbuminuria in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia. Impaired glucose metabolism is evident in patients with both severe hypertriglyceridemia and microalbuminuria.
### Instruction: Are fecal calprotectin concentrations higher in exclusively breastfed infants compared to those who are mixed-fed? ### Response:
Introducing complementary food does not increase intestinal inflammation according to this marker. Studies to assess fecal calprotectin levels in breastfeeding and mixed-fed infants born to HIV-infected mothers living in resource-constrained settings, and to evaluate potential protective effects of calprotectin in early infancy, are recommended in the continuing effort to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for increased risk of HIV transmission through mixed-feeding.
### Instruction: Does epinephrine administration at birth prevent long-term changes in dopaminergic parameters caused by Cesarean section birth in the rat? ### Response:
These results suggest that variations in levels of circulating catecholamines in the neonate at the time of birth could contribute to subtle long-term changes in CNS function.
### Instruction: Are central venous to mixed venous blood oxygen and lactate gradients associated with outcome in critically ill patients? ### Response:
A strong association exists between positive DeltaSO(2) and Delta[Lac] and survival in critically ill patients. Whether therapy aimed at increasing DeltaSO(2) and Delta[Lac] results in improved ICU survival remains to be determined.
### Instruction: Does anti-TNF-alpha therapy modulate resistin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? ### Response:
The present study shows that anti-TNF-alpha therapy results in a rapid reduction of serum resistin levels in patients with RA. It also confirms a close association between laboratory markers of inflammation, particularly CRP and resistin levels. These observations support a potential role of resistin in the inflammatory cascade in RA.
### Instruction: Does methotrexate selectively modulate TH1/TH2 balance in active rheumatoid arthritis patients? ### Response:
Our data suggest that, in active RA patients, apoptosis induction by MTX may be primarily due to IL-10 production via modulation of oxidative stress, which may restore the critically important immune balance. These findings may contribute to determining which group of RA patients may better respond to MTX therapy.
### Instruction: Is the differential expression of osteoprotegerin ( OPG ) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand ( RANKL ) in human osteoarthritic subchondral bone osteoblasts an indicator of the metabolic state of these disease cells? ### Response:
OPG and RANKL levels, and consequently the OPG/RANKL ratio, differed according to human OA subchondral bone osteoblast classification; it is decreased in L and increased in H OA. These findings, in addition to those showing that L OA osteoblasts have a reduced subchondral bone mass and induce a higher level of osteoclast differentiation, strongly suggest that the metabolic state of the L OA osteoblasts favours bone resorption.
### Instruction: Does [ Electroacupuncture protect the brain against acute ischemic injury via up-regulation of delta-opioid receptor in rats ]? ### Response:
EA can up-regulate DOR expression and protect the brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
### Instruction: Is disposition of ezetimibe influenced by polymorphisms of the hepatic uptake carrier OATP1B1? ### Response:
Pharmacokinetics of ezetimibe is influenced by OATP1B1 polymorphisms in healthy participants after single dose administration.
### Instruction: Is common variation in the NOS1AP gene associated with reduced glucose-lowering effect and with increased mortality in users of sulfonylurea? ### Response:
In participants with the TG or GG genotype at rs10494366 in the NOS1AP gene, glibenclamide is less effective in reducing glucose levels and mortality rates were higher compared with glibenclamide users with the TT genotype. In tolbutamide and glimepiride users, the TG and GG genotype were associated with a reduced mortality rate.
### Instruction: Does altered expression of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase modify response to methotrexate in mice? ### Response:
Underexpression and overexpression of Mthfr/MTHFR increase MTX-induced myelosuppression but have distinct effects on plasma homocysteine and nephrotoxicity. Pharmacogenetic analysis of polymorphisms in folate-dependent enzymes may be useful in optimization of MTX therapy.
### Instruction: Does the HIV Tat protein affect processing of ribosomal RNA precursor? ### Response:
Our data contribute to understanding the function of Tat in the nucleolus, where ribosomal RNA synthesis and cell cycle control take place. The impairment of nucleolar pre-rRNA maturation through the interaction of Tat with fibrillarin-U3snoRNA complex suggests a process by which the virus modulates host response, thus contributing to apoptosis and protein shut-off in HIV-uninfected cells.
### Instruction: Are nondiagnostic thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsies no longer a dilemma? ### Response:
Most patients with a ND-FNAB have benign disease and low-risk patients with a ND-FNAB on repeat FNA warrant a more conservative approach.
### Instruction: Does lentiviral vector-mediated siRNA knockdown of SR-PSOX inhibit foam cell formation in vitro? ### Response:
The above data showed that SRPSOX siRNA delivered by using lentiviral vectors in THP-1 cells was a powerful tool for studying the effect of SR-PSOX, and decreased the expression of the SRPSOX gene by inhibiting macrophage-derived foam cell formation.
### Instruction: Does chronic angiotensin ( 1-7 ) injection accelerate STZ-induced diabetic renal injury? ### Response:
Exogenous Ang (1-7) injection did not ameliorate STZinduced diabetic rat renal injury; on the contrary, it accelerated the progressive diabetic nephropathies.
### Instruction: Do natural jasmonates of different structures suppress the growth of human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y and its mechanisms? ### Response:
Jasmonates suppress the growth of human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y via inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, which lays the groundwork for further investigation into the anticancer activities and its mechanisms of natural jasmonates on human neuroblastomas.
### Instruction: Does donor major histocompatibility complex class I expression determine the outcome of prenatal transplantation? ### Response:
Donor class I MHC antigen expression is essential for stable long-term engraftment and maintenance of donor-specific tolerance. Further studies are needed to better characterize the role of the fetal innate immune system in prenatal allotransplantation.
### Instruction: Does postoperative PTH measurement facilitate day 1 discharge after total thyroidectomy? ### Response:
The use of iPTH accurately predicts hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy and can be used to facilitate safe early discharge for patients.
### Instruction: Do mouse neutrophils lacking lamin B-receptor expression exhibit aberrant development and lack critical functional responses? ### Response:
Our studies of promyelocytes that lack LBR expression have identified roles for LBR in regulating not only the morphologic maturation of the neutrophil nucleus, but also proliferative and functional responses that are critical to innate immunity.
### Instruction: Does genetic variability in progranulin contribute to risk for clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease? ### Response:
Our data support a role for PGRN in patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease (AD). Further, we hypothesize that at least some PGRN missense mutations might lead to loss of functional protein. Whether the underlying pathology in our cases proves to be AD, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, or a combination of the two must await further investigations.
### Instruction: Do perinatal androgens and adult behavior vary with nestling social system in siblicidal boobies? ### Response:
Our results indicate that Nazca boobies experience life-long consequences of androgenic preparation for an early battle to the death.
### Instruction: Is free Brick1 a trimeric precursor in the assembly of a functional wave complex? ### Response:
Together these results establish that the free form of Brk1 is an essential precursor in the assembly of a functional Wave complex.
### Instruction: Is the Brugada type 1 electrocardiographic pattern common among Filipinos? ### Response:
The Brugada ECG pattern is common among Filipinos. There is a need to determine the risk of sudden death among individuals with this marker in the general population.
### Instruction: Is early laparoscopic cholecystectomy the preferred management of acute cholecystitis? ### Response:
Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy resulted in a significantly reduced length of stay, no major complications, and no significant difference in conversion rates when compared with initial antibiotic treatment and interval LC. Despite these advantages, early LC is not the most common treatment for acute cholecystitis in practice.
### Instruction: Are higher plasma myeloperoxidase levels associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events in HIV-infected adults? ### Response:
In contrast to the general population, higher MPO levels were not predictive of CV events in this study, underscoring the fact that pathways operative in HIV arteriopathy may be distinct from traditional CV disease pathogenesis.
### Instruction: Is the antithrombotic effect of dextran-40 in man due to enhanced fibrinolysis in vivo? ### Response:
These data are consistent with a rise in plasmin due to dextran blockade of tPA uptake in vivo, leading to enhanced fibrinolysis, cleavage of vWF and of the platelet protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) thrombin receptor. This suggests that dextran exerts a combined therapeutic effect, enhancing endogenous fibrinolysis, whilst also reducing platelet adhesion to vWF and platelet activation by thrombin. The proven antithrombotic efficacy of low-dose dextran in carotid surgery may be applicable to wider therapeutic use.
### Instruction: Does persistent N2 disease after induction therapy jeopardize early and medium term outcomes of pneumonectomy? ### Response:
Our results suggest that pneumonectomy is justified in patients with persistent N2 disease after induction chemotherapy.
### Instruction: Are objective hot flashes negatively related to verbal memory performance in midlife women? ### Response:
Highly symptomatic women underreport the number of objective hot flashes that they experience by 43%. Verbal memory performance relates significantly to the objective number of hot flashes women experience but not to the number of hot flashes that they report. These findings suggest that physiological factors related to hot flashes, rather than psychological factors, predict poorer verbal memory function.
### Instruction: Are serum phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fatty acids and estimated desaturase activities related to overweight and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents? ### Response:
These findings support those observed in adults, that factors, such as type of dietary fat, physical activity, and obesity, may influence fatty acid metabolism and are important in the development of adverse CVD risk factors as early as adolescence.
### Instruction: Is baseline serum cholesterol selectively associated with motor speed and not rates of cognitive decline : the Women 's Health and Aging Study II? ### Response:
Higher baseline serum lipid levels predicted better performance over time on a measure of motor speed, but not memory or psychomotor or executive functioning in this population of elderly women. This association suggests that peripheral cholesterol levels, measured in late-life, may not be a good predictor of subsequent cognitive decline. Future research examining peripheral cholesterol over the life span and its relationship with cognition is needed.
### Instruction: Does constitutive CXCL12 expression induce anoikis in colorectal carcinoma cells? ### Response:
These data significantly expand the current paradigm of chemokine signaling in carcinogenesis by showing that endogenous CXCL12, in marked contrast to exogenous ligand, inhibits tumor metastasis through increased anoikis. Altered ERK1/2 signaling provides a mechanism for the dichotomy between the physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling in the intestinal epithelium.
### Instruction: Do formin 1-isoform IV deficient cells exhibit defects in cell spreading and focal adhesion formation? ### Response:
It was determined that Fmn1-IV, as an actin nucleator, contributes to protrusion of the cell's leading edge and focal adhesion formation, thus contributing to cell motility.
### Instruction: Does voxel-based morphometry reveal extra-nigral atrophy patterns associated with dopamine refractory cognitive and motor impairment in parkinsonism? ### Response:
Cortical and striatal atrophy were associated with dopamine non-responsive motor signs and cognitive impairment and provide a morphologic correlate for progression of PD. Cerebellar atrophy was found in older PD patients.
### Instruction: Does [ Over-expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha increase angiogenesis of LNCaP cells in vivo ]? ### Response:
The over-expression of HIF-1alpha can up-regulate VEGF and iNOS involved in angiogenesis in vivo and contribute to the invasive potency of LNCaP cells. HIF-1alpha may have no influence on Ang-2 either in vitro or in vivo, while the expression of Ang-2 is regulated by other factors in vivo.
### Instruction: Does the T cell factor/beta-catenin antagonist PKF115-584 inhibit proliferation of adrenocortical carcinoma cells? ### Response:
Inhibitors of the Tcf/beta-catenin complex may prove useful in the treatment of adrenocortical tumors in which multiple genetic alterations have accumulated.
### Instruction: Does detection of hyaluronic acid receptor in human vocal fold by immunohistochemistry? ### Response:
immunohistochemistry, used to assess the distribution of hyaluronic acid receptors in the central portion of the vocal fold, proved it to be present in the vocal fold epithelium and it prevailed in its middle third.
### Instruction: Are sophorolipids and their derivatives lethal against human pancreatic cancer cells? ### Response:
These results suggest that sophorolipids and select derivatives may be effective in treating human pancreatic cancer. Furthermore select derivatives may use different mechanisms toward this end. The ability to chemoenzymatically modify sophorolipids can provide effective lead compounds toward the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
### Instruction: Are homeobox genes Hoxd3 and Hoxd8 differentially expressed in fetal mouse excisional wounds? ### Response:
These data suggest that Hoxd3 is constitutively expressed in the skin of mid-gestational mice. However, Hoxd8 expression is increased in the mid-gestational wounds compared with normal control groups and late gestational wounds, suggesting that it may play a role in scarless wound repair.
### Instruction: Does type 2 diabetes impair implant osseointegration capacity in rats? ### Response:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus impaired osseointegration capacity disproportionally between the cortical bone and bone marrow areas. The reduction of the bone quantity in the cortical area and the bone-implant contact in both the cortical and marrow areas was remarkable.
### Instruction: Is emodin a novel alkaline nuclease inhibitor that suppresses herpes simplex virus type 1 yields in cell cultures? ### Response:
Our findings suggest that emodin is a potent anti-HSV agent that inhibits the yields of HSV-1 via the suppression of a novel target, UL12.
### Instruction: Do low concentrations of tetrodotoxin interact with tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channels? ### Response:
The findings are consistent with an interpretation that TTX relieves a tonic block of the TTXR VGSC by lanthanum. We conclude that TTX binds to the TTXR VGSC at low concentrations, without blocking it. This appears to be the first demonstration of a clear distinction between binding affinity and blocking potency of a channel-blocking agent.
### Instruction: Do vitamin D and glucocorticoids differentially modulate chemokine expression in human airway smooth muscle cells? ### Response:
These findings suggest that vitamin D uniquely modulates human ASM expression of chemokines and may exert some beneficial effects in the treatment of steroid-resistant patients with asthma.
### Instruction: Is survival status of veterans with lung cancer poorer than that among civilians due to age and sex differences : a study of Chinese veterans in Taiwan? ### Response:
Veterans, who mainly came from China, had a poorer prognosis than civilians when suffering from lung cancer in Taiwan, due to age and gender, rather than standing.
### Instruction: Do antiviral resistance mutations potentiate hepatitis B virus immune evasion through disruption of its surface antigen a determinant? ### Response:
Mutations associated with resistance to nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy, singly or in combination with each other or antibody escape-associated mutations, alter HBsAg immunoreactivity through concomitant amino acid substitutions at codons within and downstream of the a determinant. The findings have implications for understanding the native structure of HBsAg, optimizing treatment of chronic hepatitis B and evaluating the success of immunization programmes.
### Instruction: Does transcription factor foxq1 control mucin gene expression and granule content in mouse stomach surface mucous cells? ### Response:
Taken together, these observations imply that promotion of gastric MUC5AC synthesis is a primary, cell-autonomous function of FOXQ1. This study is the first to implicate a transcription factor in terminal differentiation of foveolar cells and begins to define the requirements to assemble highly specialized organelles and cells in the gastric mucosa.
### Instruction: Does growth hormone ( GH ) treatment restore endothelial function in children with GH deficiency? ### Response:
These results indicate that endothelial function is impaired in children with GHD. GH therapy does not restore the impairment.
### Instruction: Is dose escalation of gemcitabine possible with concurrent chest three-dimensional rather than two-dimensional radiotherapy : a phase I trial in patients with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer? ### Response:
We could not escalate the dose of gemcitabine with concurrent radiotherapy when using 2D planning because of severe acute esophagitis. However, we could escalate the dose of gemcitabine to 190 mg/m(2)/wk when using 3D planning. The Phase II dose is 150 mg/m(2)/wk. Three-dimensional CRT permitted the use of higher doses of gemcitabine.
### Instruction: Do impulsive suicide attempts predict post-treatment relapse in alcohol-dependent patients? ### Response:
This study is the first to document the relationship between pre-treatment impulsive suicide attempts and higher likelihood of post-treatment relapse in alcohol-dependent patents. Clinicians should routinely conduct an assessment for previous suicide attempts in patients with alcohol use disorders, and when impulsive suicidality is reported, they should recognize the increased risk for relapse and formulate their patients' treatment plans accordingly with the goals of reducing both alcoholic relapse and suicide rates.
### Instruction: Does tetrahydrocurcumin inhibit HT1080 cell migration and invasion via downregulation of MMPs and uPA? ### Response:
Our findings revealed that THC reduced HT1080 cell invasion and migration. The inhibition of cancer cell invasion is associated with the downregulation of ECM degradation enzymes and the inhibition of cell adhesion to ECM proteins.
### Instruction: Does the reversal of amphetamine-induced locomotor activation by a selective neurotensin-1 receptor agonist exhibit tolerance? ### Response:
The results do not support the development of tolerance for the acute antipsychotic-like effect of NT1 agonists and thus lend support to the contention that NT1 agonists are viable candidates as putative novel antipsychotic drugs.
### Instruction: Does acute tryptophan depletion dose dependently impair object memory in serotonin transporter knockout rats? ### Response:
These results indicate a greater sensitivity to ATD in SERT(-/-) and SERT(+/-) rats, which may be related to stronger central depletion effects in these rats.
### Instruction: Are postoperative medical complications the main cause of early death after emergency surgery for colonic cancer? ### Response:
Emergency surgery for colonic cancer is still associated with an increased risk of death. There is a need for a system providing increased safety in the perioperative period.
### Instruction: Is functional restoration of HCV-specific CD8 T cells by PD-1 blockade defined by PD-1 expression and compartmentalization? ### Response:
HCV-specific CD8 T-cell dysfunction and responsiveness to PD-1/PD-L blockade are defined by their PD-1 expression and compartmentalization. These findings provide new and clinically relevant insight to differential antigen-specific CD8 T-cell exhaustion and their functional restoration.
### Instruction: Does a green tea component suppress posttranslational expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in colorectal cancer? ### Response:
The ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway contributes significantly to down-regulation of bFGF expression by EGCG. Catechin compounds have fewer adverse effects than chemotherapeutic agents and hence can be used as proof-of-concept in cancer therapeutics to suppress growth and metastasis by targeting proteins such as bFGF.
### Instruction: Are neither multiple tumors nor portal hypertension surgical contraindications for hepatocellular carcinoma? ### Response:
Resection can provide survival benefits even for patients with multiple tumors in a background of Child-Pugh class A cirrhosis, as well as in those with PHT.
### Instruction: Is better life expectancy in women with BRCA2 compared with BRCA1 mutations attributable to lower frequency and later onset of ovarian cancer? ### Response:
Interventions to reduce ovarian cancer incidence are likely to have a greater effect on life expectancy in BRCA1 compared with BRCA2 carriers.
### Instruction: Does ultrasound-guided supraclavicular vs infraclavicular brachial plexus block in children? ### Response:
(i) Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular and infraclavicular brachial plexus blocks are effective in children. (ii) There has been no pneumothorax in 40 US-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks performed by anaesthesiologists already trained in US-guided regional anaesthesia using an IP technique in children > or =5 years old. (iii) In this study, the supraclavicular approach of the brachial plexus was faster to perform than the infraclavicular one.
### Instruction: Does a histopathologic study of arthropod bite reactions in 20 patients highlight relevant adnexal involvement? ### Response:
A practical histopathologic algorithm of arthropod bite recognition is proposed. The involvement of the sweat glands in the pattern of arthropod bite reaction is suggested as a new reliable diagnostic clue.
### Instruction: Do amyloid-beta deposits lead to retinal degeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease? ### Response:
Amyloid-beta deposits accumulate with age in the retina of a transgenic mouse model of AD. The amyloid-beta loads are accompanied by increased immunoreactivity for MCP-1, F4/80, and TUNEL-positive profiles in the RGC layer. The results suggest that amyloid-beta causes neurodegeneration in the retina of the doubly mutant transgenic mouse model of AD.
### Instruction: Does high-mobility group box 1 restore cardiac function after myocardial infarction in transgenic mice? ### Response:
We report the first in vivo evidence that HMGB1 enhances angiogenesis, restores cardiac function, and improves survival after MI. These results may provide a novel therapeutic approach for left ventricular dysfunction after MI.
### Instruction: Does the culture site of the gallbladder affect recovery of bacteria in symptomatic cholelithiasis? ### Response:
The neck of the gallbladder hosts the biggest bacterial load in comparison with the body and the fundus. This difference might be attributed to the presence of Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses, which is the main histological characteristic of the region.
### Instruction: Does laparoscopic cholecystectomy for biliary dyskinesia in children provide durable symptom relief? ### Response:
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is effective in providing both short-term and long-term improvement of symptoms in children with biliary dyskinesia.
### Instruction: Does surfactant protein D inhibit TNF-alpha production by macrophages and dendritic cells in mice? ### Response:
TNF-alpha can contribute to enhanced SP-D production in the lung indirectly through inducing IL-13. SP-D, on the other hand, can antagonize the proinflammatory effects of TNF-alpha on macrophages and dendritic cells, at least partly, by inhibiting production of this cytokine.
### Instruction: Is age-related renal disease in female Dahl salt-sensitive rats attenuated with 17 beta-estradiol supplementation by modulating nitric oxide synthase expression? ### Response:
These data suggest that ovarian E2 loss with aging may contribute to the development of age-related renal disease through downregulation of iNOS and eNOS protein abundance and increased renal inflammation in this animal model. Furthermore, E2 supplementation may be protective in the aging kidney by attenuating these changes.
### Instruction: Do saliva indices track hypohydration during 48h of fluid restriction or combined fluid and energy restriction? ### Response:
Sosm, and to a lesser extent UFR, track hydration status during a 48h period of RF or RF+RE and after subsequent exercise and rehydration.
### Instruction: Does [ Hepatitis B surface antigen terminate codon bias selection ]? ### Response:
HBsAg termination codon bias exists and may be related to RNA structure and the conservation of protein function in the evolutionary progress.
### Instruction: Do autogenous osteochondral grafting for treatment of stifle osteochondrosis in dogs? ### Response:
Osteochondral autografting deserves consideration and further evaluation as a primary treatment option for stifle OC in dogs.
### Instruction: Does directed evolution generate a novel oncolytic virus for the treatment of colon cancer? ### Response:
Using the "Directed Evolution" methodology, we have generated ColoAd1, a novel chimeric oncolytic virus. In vitro, this virus demonstrated a >2 log increase in both potency and selectivity when compared to ONYX-015 on colon cancer cells. These results were further supported by in vivo and ex vivo studies. Furthermore, these results have validated this methodology as a new general approach for deriving clinically-relevant, highly potent anti-cancer virotherapies.
### Instruction: Do unilateral versus bilateral stage I neuromodulator lead placement for the treatment of refractory voiding dysfunction? ### Response:
Bilateral stage I neuromodulation trial provides a significantly higher rate of improvement in refractory voiding symptoms to allow for the progress to stage II implantation.
### Instruction: Do [ Guinea pig as often object to otoneurological experimental examinations ]? ### Response:
The processed nomograms of the brainstem auditory evoked potentials, oscillating stimulation of vestibular organs and methodology of ultrastructural research in guinea-pigs' spiral organs are expected to facilitate using them in experimental research.
### Instruction: Do the efficacy of retrobulbar block anesthesia only in pars plana vitrectomy and transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy? ### Response:
Vitreoretinal surgery, particularly 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy, can be safely and efficiently performed under retrobulbar block anesthesia only. Retrobulbar block anesthesia only could become a more acceptable anesthesia for vitreoretinal surgery for selected patients.
### Instruction: Does motion-frozen myocardial perfusion SPECT improve detection of coronary artery disease in obese patients? ### Response:
MF processing of MPS improves CAD detection in obese patients.
### Instruction: Does a schizophrenia-linked mutation in PIP5K2A fail to activate neuronal M channels? ### Response:
Our results suggest that the schizophrenia-linked mutation of the kinase results in reduced KCNQ channel function and thereby might explain the loss of dopaminergic control in schizophrenic patients. Moreover, the addictive potential of dopaminergic drugs often observed in schizophrenic patients might be explained by this mechanism. At least, the insufficiency of (N251S)-PIP5K2A to stimulate neuronal M channels may contribute to the clinical phenotype of schizophrenia.
### Instruction: Does overexpression of a mutant form of TGFBI/BIGH3 induce retinal degeneration in transgenic mice? ### Response:
Cellular degeneration in the retina of transgenic animals suggest that perturbation of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) family regulation may affect photoreceptor survival and may induce possible accelerated aging in several tissues. No corneal phenotype could be observed, probably due to the lack of transgene expression in this tissue.
### Instruction: Is intermittent Pringle manoeuvre associated with adverse long-term prognosis after resection for colorectal liver metastases? ### Response:
IPM is not associated with an adverse long-term prognosis in patients undergoing liver resection for CRLM.
### Instruction: Are posterior urethral valves often associated with cryptorchidism and inguinal hernias? ### Response:
The incidence of cryptorchidism and inguinal hernias requiring surgery is high in patients with posterior urethral valves. Patients with cryptorchidism appear to have a more severe form of posterior urethral valves than those with normal testes.
### Instruction: Is tamoxifen effective in the treatment of Leishmania amazonensis infections in mice? ### Response:
Treatment of BALB/c mice infected with L. amazonensis for 15 days with tamoxifen resulted in significant decrease in lesion size and parasite burden. BALB/c mice infected with L. amazonensis represents a model of extreme susceptibility, and the striking and sustained reduction in the number of parasites in treated animals supports the proposal of further testing of this drug in other models of leishmaniasis.
### Instruction: Is thrombosis confined to the portal vein a contraindication for living donor liver transplantation? ### Response:
A thrombosis confined to the portal vein per se should not be considered a contraindication for LDLT.
### Instruction: Do children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure demonstrate deficits on multiple measures of concept formation? ### Response:
Deficits in concept formation and conceptual set shifting were observed in alcohol-exposed children with or without the diagnosis of FAS and in the absence of mental retardation. These deficits likely impact problem solving skills and adaptive functioning and have implications for therapeutic interventions in this population.
### Instruction: Are escherichia coli colonizing the neurogenic bladder similar to widespread clones causing disease in patients with normal bladder function? ### Response:
Children with neurogenic bladder most commonly carried commensal clones. Uropathogenic clones were associated with prolonged carriage, however, carriage was not associated with symptomatic disease or deterioration of the upper urinary tract.
### Instruction: Does pTEN loss predict for response to RAD001 ( Everolimus ) in a glioblastoma orthotopic xenograft test panel? ### Response:
These data suggest that loss of PTEN function is insufficient to adequately predict responsiveness to mTOR inhibitors in glioblastoma multiforme.
### Instruction: Is dNA-dependent protein kinase a therapeutic target and an indicator of poor prognosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia? ### Response:
These data validate the concept of targeting DNA-PKcs in poor risk CLL, and demonstrate a mechanistic rationale for use of a DNA-PK inhibitor. The novel observation that DNA-PKcs is overexpressed in del(17p) and del(11q) cases indicates that DNA-PK may contribute to disease progression in CLL.
### Instruction: Is childhood caries still in force : a 15-year follow-up? ### Response:
Dental caries continues to constitute an increasing challenge in dental health care: any caries at 3, 5, 7, or 10 years of age was a predictor of poor dental health at 15 years of age.
### Instruction: Does [ Longbixiao capsule reduce expressions of TGF-beta1 and Smoothelin in human prostatic stromal cells cultured in vitro ]? ### Response:
LBX reduces the mRNA expressions of TGF-beta1 and Smoothelin in human prostatic stromal cells and can be used in the treatment of BPH.
### Instruction: Does intestinal colonization of IL-2 deficient mice with non-colitogenic B. vulgatus prevent DC maturation and T-cell polarization? ### Response:
From this data we conclude that the B. vulgatus triggered IL-6 secretion by LP DC in absence of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 or TNF-alpha induces a semi-mature LP DC phenotype, which might prevent T-cell activation and thereby the induction of colitis in IL-2(-/-)-mice. The data provide new evidence that IL-6 might act as an immune regulatory cytokine in the mucosa by targeting intestinal DC.
### Instruction: Does triiodo-L-thyronine rapidly stimulate alveolar fluid clearance in normal and hyperoxia-injured lungs? ### Response:
Airspace T(3) rapidly stimulates AFC by direct effects on the alveolar epithelium in rat lungs with and without lung injury.
### Instruction: Does valproic acid induce Notch1 signaling in small cell lung cancer cells? ### Response:
The HDAC inhibitor VPA activates Notch1 signaling in SCLC cells. VPA induces changes in cell morphology and suppresses neuroendocrine tumor markers, indicating a change in phenotype. Additionally, VPA profoundly inhibits SCLC cell growth. These results suggest that VPA has potential as a novel therapeutic agent for SCLC.
### Instruction: Does ischemic preconditioning of skeletal muscle mitigate remote injury and mortality? ### Response:
We have developed a murine model of IPC that demonstrates local and remote protection against I/R injury, and exhibits significant mortality reduction. This model demonstrates the powerful effect of IPC on local and remote tissues and will facilitate further study of potential mechanisms and therapies.
### Instruction: Is ammonium-acetate sensed by gustatory and olfactory neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans? ### Response:
These findings clarify the behavioral response of C. elegans to NH(4)Ac. The results should have an impact on the design and interpretation of chemosensory experiments studying detection and adaptation to soluble compounds in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
### Instruction: Does rapamycin monotherapy in patients with type 1 diabetes modify CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells? ### Response:
These findings demonstrate that rapamycin directly affects human nTreg function in vivo, which consists of refitting their suppressive activity, whereas it does not directly change effector T-cell function.
### Instruction: Does the RR genotype of codon 72 of p53 gene reduce the development of intestinal metaplasia? ### Response:
According to our results RR genotype decreases the incidence of IM. The genetic background is reflected in the expression of p53 protein. Chip method-based deoxyribonucleic acid sequence data need careful confirmation.
### Instruction: Do factors for accessing a medical home vary among CSHCN from different levels of socioeconomic status? ### Response:
Factors affecting access to a medical home differed among socioeconomic groups. Future research should explore the CSHCN population by income groups to better serve this population.
### Instruction: Does 24-Hour colonic manometry in pediatric slow transit constipation show significant reductions in antegrade propagation? ### Response:
Prolonged pancolonic manometry in children with STC showed significant impairment in antegrade propagating motor activity and failure to respond to normal physiological stimuli. Despite this, HAPS occurred with normal frequency. These findings suggest significant clinical differences between STC in children and adults.
### Instruction: Are hypokalemia and hypothermia associated with 30-day mortality in patients with acute paraquat poisoning? ### Response:
The identified risk factors may allow better identification of those at greater mortality risk. Future development of a tailored clinical scoring system incorporating the identified risk factors for acute PQ poisoning may be of great help.
### Instruction: Does partial adherence to antihypertensive therapy fail to achieve full cardiovascular benefits in hypertensive rats? ### Response:
The results demonstrate that partial adherence to therapy reduces arterial pressure, but may not prevent target organ damage. If replicated in humans, these results may have important clinical implications in hypertensive patients.
### Instruction: Does percutaneous coronary intervention for acute MI prevent in-hospital development of cardiogenic shock compared to fibrinolysis? ### Response:
Angioplasty does not prevent the in-hospital development of cardiogenic shock complicating acute MI compared to fibrinolysis. Cardiogenic shock is still the leading cause of death in patients hospitalised for acute MI. There was no difference in mortality, with regards to treatment strategy in patients developing cardiogenic shock after the initial treatment.
### Instruction: Are demographic , clinical , and pain characteristics associated with average pain severity groups in a sample of oncology outpatients? ### Response:
An average pain CP of >4 could be used to screen oncology outpatients with clinically significant pain. Clinicians must consider a number of demographic, clinical, and pain characteristics as part of their pain assessment procedures. The effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions aimed at barriers and patients self-efficacy for pain management need to be tested.
### Instruction: Does neostigmine but not sugammadex impair upper airway dilator muscle activity and breathing? ### Response:
In contrast to neostigmine, which significantly impairs upper airway dilator muscle activity when given after recovery from neuromuscular block, a reversal dose of sugammadex given under the same conditions does not affect genioglossus muscle activity and normal breathing. Human studies will be required to evaluate the clinical relevance of our findings.