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### Instruction: Do human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells combined with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation synthesize insulin? ### Response:
This report describes safe and effective treatment of insulinopenic diabetics using insulin-producing h-AD-MSC plus CBM without xenogeneic materials.
### Instruction: Does the effect of graphical and numerical presentation of hypothetical prenatal diagnosis result on risk perception? ### Response:
The Paling Perspective Scale resulted in a higher level of perceived risk compared with the other formats. This effect must be taken into account when choosing a graphical or numerical format for risk communication.
### Instruction: Does simvastatin alleviate diabetes-induced VEGF-mediated nephropathy via the modulation of Ras signaling pathway? ### Response:
Ras protein activation is a key mediator of VEGF-induced diabetic nephropathy. By inhibiting Ras activation, simvastatin modulates the high glucose-induced VEGF-mediated signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.
### Instruction: Does trait anxiety determine depressive symptoms and fatigue in women with an abnormality in the breast? ### Response:
Trait anxiety plays a role in experiencing depressive symptoms and fatigue over time.
### Instruction: Is anti-Mullerian hormone increased in follicular fluid from unstimulated ovaries in women with polycystic ovary syndrome? ### Response:
Highly elevated AMH in follicular fluid from PCOS patients in contrast to age-matched normal controls suggests that increased circulating concentrations of AMH are partly due to the increased production of AMH by individual follicles and not simply attributable to the increased number of small antral follicles. This suggests an intrinsic abnormality in the ovarian follicles themselves in PCOS, which could contribute to disordered folliculogenesis.
### Instruction: Is combined expression of the non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases FAK and Src in primary colorectal cancer associated with tumor recurrence and metastasis formation? ### Response:
These findings show that high levels of FAK and Src combined were predictive for recurrence of colorectal cancer. In addition, expression of FAK, Src and paxillin in colorectal cancer were maintained in corresponding distant metastases.
### Instruction: Is bcl-2 expression associated with survival in metastatic cutaneous melanoma : a historical cohort study? ### Response:
The immunohistochemical expression of bcl-2 in metastasis alone is not a prognostic marker for CM.
### Instruction: Does [ Problem/case-based learning compared to lecture for acquiring knowledge of air embolism in continuing medical education ]? ### Response:
No between-group differences in participants' knowledge outcomes were detected; improvements were minimal. The study design allowed the knowledge acquired to be evaluated objectively.
### Instruction: Does p50 gating deficit in Alzheimer dementia correlate to frontal neuropsychological function? ### Response:
The results support an early inhibitory deficit interfering with executive functions and working memory in AD independent from physiological aging. P50 gating might be applicable as a marker for inhibition deficits and thereby be important for prognosis estimation.
### Instruction: Does the mycobacterial DNA-binding protein 1 ( MDP1 ) from Mycobacterium bovis BCG influence various growth characteristics? ### Response:
The MDP1 protein has a major impact on various growth characteristics of M. bovis BCG. It plays an important role in virulence-related traits such as aggregate formation and intracellular multiplication. Its impact on the protein expression in a low-oxygen atmosphere indicates a role in the adaptation to the hypoxic conditions present in the granuloma.
### Instruction: Does fluid shear stress regulate the expression of TGF-beta1 and its signaling molecules in mouse embryo mesenchymal progenitor cells? ### Response:
Fluid shear stress significantly suppresses TGF-beta1 functions through down-regulation of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta R, positive signaling molecules Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, and up-regulation of negative signaling molecule Smad7 in a mouse embryo mesenchymal progenitor cell line C3H10T1/2. This study suggests that the negative regulation of the TGF-beta1 system may be involved in shear-induced endothelial cell differentiation in C3H10T1/2.
### Instruction: Is efavirenz replacement by immediate full-dose nevirapine safe in HIV-1-infected patients in Cambodia? ### Response:
Our results indicate that an FDN switch from efavirenz does not appear to result in more AEs than when nevirapine is initiated with escalating doses. These data are particularly relevant in resource-limited settings.
### Instruction: Does phase-contrast OCT imaging of transverse flow in the mouse retina and choroid? ### Response:
Phase-contrast OCT enables three-dimensional visualization of retinal and choroidal vasculature in vivo.
### Instruction: Are peanut-specific B and T cell responses correlated in peanut-allergic but not in non-allergic individuals? ### Response:
Our results support the view that B cell responses to allergens but not those to non-allergenic proteins are correlated with specific T cell responses and therefore specific immunotherapy targeting of such T cells would inhibit allergen-specific B cells.
### Instruction: Is long-term survival after cardiac surgery predicted by estimated glomerular filtration rate? ### Response:
Patients having moderate to severe acute kidney injury after CABG surgery had worse 5-year survival compared with patients who had normal or near-normal renal function.
### Instruction: Do prospero-related homeobox 1 and liver receptor homolog 1 coordinately regulate long-term proliferation of murine fetal hepatoblasts? ### Response:
These results suggested that Prox1 and Lrh1 coordinately regulate development of hepatic stem/progenitor cells and that Prox1 induces fetal hepatocytic proliferation through the suppression of the promoter activity of p16(ink4a).
### Instruction: Does systems analysis of quantitative shRNA-library screens identify regulators of cell adhesion? ### Response:
Our results suggest that the power of genome-wide quantitative shRNA screens can be significantly increased when analyzed using a systems biology-based approach to identify functional gene networks.
### Instruction: Are flexible regression models useful tools to calculate and assess threshold values in the context of minimum provider volumes? ### Response:
Each of the proposed methods has benefits and drawbacks. The choice of the most appropriate approach depends on the specific problem and the available data.
### Instruction: Do total serum homocysteine levels identify cognitive dysfunction in multimorbid elderly patients? ### Response:
Elevated serum Hcys levels with normal plasma folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were observed in multimorbid elderly patients. The plasma Hcys level did not appear to be an important biological risk factor for cognitive dysfunction in multimorbid geriatric patients.
### Instruction: Do curcumin and resveratrol inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated cytokine expression in adipocytes? ### Response:
Curcumin and resveratrol are able to inhibit TNFalpha-activated NF-kappaB signaling in adipocytes and as a result significantly reduce cytokine expression. These data suggest that curcumin and resveratrol may provide a novel and safe approach to reduce or inhibit the chronic inflammatory properties of adipose tissue.
### Instruction: Is perinucleolar compartment prevalence a phenotypic pancancer marker of malignancy? ### Response:
Together, these observations helped to verify that PNC prevalence selectively represents malignancy in a broad spectrum of solid tissue tumors, demonstrating its potential to be developed as a pancancer prognostic marker of malignancy.
### Instruction: Are smooth muscle cells , dendritic cells and mast cells sources of TNFalpha and nitric oxide in human carotid artery atherosclerosis? ### Response:
Dendritic cells and mast cells can participate to the generation of TNFalpha and NO in the normal arterial wall and in atheromata, but myointimal cells are candidates as major sources of these molecules.
### Instruction: Does mDM2SNP309 associate with elevated MDM2 protein expression or breast cancer risk? ### Response:
Our data clearly show neither association between SNP309 and cancer risk, nor the responsibility of G allele for increased MDM2 or decreased of p53 protein levels in human primary breast tumors.
### Instruction: Is urinary dysfunction after rectal cancer treatment mainly caused by surgery? ### Response:
UD is a significant clinical problem after rectal cancer treatment and is not related to PRT, but rather to surgical nerve damage.
### Instruction: Is pPARgamma involved in mesalazine-mediated induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell growth in colon cancer cells? ### Response:
This study clearly demonstrates that mesalazine-mediated pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative actions are regulated via PPARgamma-dependent and -independent pathways in colonocytes.
### Instruction: Does antidepressant treatment normalize hypoactivity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during emotional interference processing in major depression? ### Response:
These results suggest that antidepressant treatment increases DLPFC under-activity during cognitive tasks that include emotional interference.
### Instruction: Do 5-Azacytidine-treated human mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells derived from umbilical cord , cord blood and bone marrow generate cardiomyocytes in vitro at high frequencies? ### Response:
Although MSCs may be useful for such clinical applications as bone or cartilage repair, the results presented here indicate that such cells do not generate cardiomyocytes frequently enough for cardiac repair. Their efficacy in heart repair is likely to be due to paracrine mechanisms.
### Instruction: Do cooling strategies improve intermittent sprint performance in the heat of athletes with tetraplegia? ### Response:
Athletes with tetraplegia should use a precooling or during-exercise cooling strategy specific to the characteristics of their sport when exercising in hot conditions.
### Instruction: Are concerted potent humoral immune responses to autoantigens associated with tumor destruction and favorable clinical outcomes without autoimmunity? ### Response:
This study shows the range of biologically significant antigens resulting from a whole-cell vaccine. Targets include autoantigens that are components of cell cycle regulation. Potent antibody responses against multiple autoantigens are associated with effective tumor destruction without clinical autoimmunity.
### Instruction: Do oncogenic and angiogenic growth factors accumulate during routine storage of apheresis platelet concentrates? ### Response:
Significant amounts of growth factors are present in apheresis platelets due to the isolation procedures, and these concentrations increase over storage, which may be partially removed by washing. In addition, apheresis platelet transfusion could affect cancer treatment by binding monoclonal antibodies directed against growth factors of tumor origin.
### Instruction: Does intratumoral coadministration of hyaluronidase enzyme and oncolytic adenoviruses enhance virus potency in metastatic tumor models? ### Response:
Antitumor activity and overall survival of mice bearing highly aggressive tumors are significantly improved by codelivery of oncolytic adenoviruses and hyaluronidase when compared with either of the monotherapy-treated groups, and it may prove to be a potent and novel approach to treating patients with cancer.
### Instruction: Does tumor vascular maturation and improved drug delivery induced by methylselenocysteine lead to therapeutic synergy with anticancer drugs? ### Response:
These results show, for the first time, the antiangiogenic effects of MSC results in tumor growth inhibition, vascular maturation in vivo, and enhanced anticancer drug delivery that are associated with the observed therapeutic synergy in vivo.
### Instruction: Does electroporation-mediated transfer of plasmid DNA encoding IL-10 attenuate orthotopic tracheal allograft stenosis in rats? ### Response:
IL-10 gene transfer by intramuscular injection using electroporation attenuated tracheal allograft stenosis associated with mild epithelial injury.
### Instruction: Is maternal factor V Leiden mutation associated with HELLP syndrome in Caucasian women? ### Response:
Our study confirms that women heterozygous for factor V Leiden have an increased risk of developing HELLP syndrome, while the most frequent mutations of the prothrombin and MTHFR gene do not play a major role in the pathogenesis of HELLP syndrome.
### Instruction: Is silica gel as effective as acyclovir cream in patients with recurrent herpes labialis : results of a randomized , open-label trial? ### Response:
Silica gel was as effective in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis as acyclovir and equally well tolerated and tended to take effect more quickly. Therefore, silica gel could prove a useful alternative to topical acyclovir.
### Instruction: Does extracorporeal lung membrane provide better lung protection than conventional treatment for severe postpneumonectomy noncardiogenic acute respiratory distress syndrome? ### Response:
The pumpless extracorporeal lung membrane and near-static ventilation achieved a significantly better outcome than conventional treatment in this pig model of severe postpneumonectomy acute respiratory distress syndrome, probably because the injured lungs were not forced to work and this "rest" gave them more time to heal.
### Instruction: Does low-dose dobutamine cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with myocardial strain analysis predict myocardial recoverability after coronary artery bypass grafting? ### Response:
Dobutamine-stressed tissue-tagged magnetic resonance imaging with strain analysis is feasible to quantitatively predict myocardial recoverability after coronary artery bypass grafting. Further study is required to determine the optimal strain parameter for predicting myocardial recoverability after surgical revascularization.
### Instruction: Does ghrelin treatment suppress neutrophil-dominant inflammation in airways of patients with chronic respiratory infection? ### Response:
Ghrelin administration suppressed airway inflammation by decreasing neutrophil accumulation in lungs and increased body weight. These findings may contribute to the development of supportive therapies for patients with refractory chronic respiratory infection.
### Instruction: Is peak expiratory flow variability adjusted by forced expiratory volume in one second a good index for airway responsiveness in asthmatics? ### Response:
Min%Max PEF adjusted by %FEV(1) showed a good correlation with airway responsiveness measured by the inhalation challenge test, and may be useful as a convenient alternative index of AHR in asthmatic patients.
### Instruction: Is social factors and television use during meals and snacks associated with higher BMI among pre-school children? ### Response:
Health professionals should target parents of children at risk of overweight/obesity with focused strategies to help children change the types of foods consumed during television viewing and to reduce the time spent watching television, particularly during meal times, which may change children's dietary intake and eating patterns.
### Instruction: Are progenitor cells responsible for formation of human prostate epithelium primary cultures? ### Response:
CD133 separated human primary epithelial cell cultures displayed differences in morphology, viability and apoptosis occurrence. Immunomagnetic sorting can be recommended in each in vitro experiments with primary cell cultures in order to provide more objective results.
### Instruction: Do interleukin-10 promoter polymorphisms influence susceptibility to ulcerative colitis in a gender-specific manner? ### Response:
A gender effect is observed, with women of AG/AA IL10 genotypes and AC/AT haplotypes having a higher risk of developing UC at a younger age. This finding could be related to the previously documented lower IL10 production associated with the -1082A allele and to the IL10 down-regulating effect of estrogens.
### Instruction: Does treatment of AG129 mice with antisense morpholino oligomers increase survival time following challenge with dengue 2 virus? ### Response:
The data indicate that PPMO had considerable antiviral efficacy against DENV-2 in the AG129 mouse model and that PPMO treatment early in the course of an infection was critical to extending the survival times of DENV-2-infected mice in the AG129 model system.
### Instruction: Is total thyroidectomy safer with identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve? ### Response:
RLN injury was prevented and permanent complications were decreased by identifying the whole course and branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during total thyroidectomy.
### Instruction: Is epilepsy in autism associated with intellectual disability and gender : evidence from a meta-analysis? ### Response:
The results of this meta-analysis indicate that risk for epilepsy in autism is a function of ID severity and distinguishes autism associated with epilepsy as a subgroup of autism by its male-female ratio.
### Instruction: Does the functional connectivity of different EEG bands move towards small-world network organization during sleep? ### Response:
The results of this study seem to confirm our initial hypothesis that during sleep there exists a clear trend for the functional connectivity of the EEG to move forward to an organization more similar to that of a small-world network, at least for the frequency bands lower than 15Hz.
### Instruction: Does leukodepletion of autologous whole blood have no impact on perioperative infection rate and length of hospital stay? ### Response:
This trial provides strong evidence, from clinically relevant outcome data, that leukoreduction of AWB does not improve postoperative patient outcome and that the release of BRMs from disintegrating blood cells during storage cannot explain the immunomodulatory effect of blood transfusion.
### Instruction: Do discrete Toll-like receptor agonists have differential effects on alloimmunization to transfused red blood cells? ### Response:
These data demonstrate that the regulation of RBC alloimmunization by inflammatory stimuli is complex, including enhancement by a viral-like stimulus and suppression by a bacterial-type stimulus. The mechanism(s) are unlikely to involve variation in the costimulatory molecules studied, because only subtle differences on APCs were observed after treatment with poly(I:C) and LPS.
### Instruction: Is basal DNA repair machinery subject to positive selection in ionizing-radiation-resistant bacteria? ### Response:
Our results provide the first in silico prediction of positively selected genes with potential roles in the molecular basis of resistance to gamma-radiation and tolerance of desiccation in IRRB. Identification of these genes provides a basis for future experimental work aimed at understanding the metabolic networks in which they participate.
### Instruction: Do a compare between myocardial topical negative pressure levels of -25 mmHg and -50 mmHg in a porcine model? ### Response:
Topical negative pressure of -25 mmHg and -50 mmHg both induced a significant increase in microvascular blood flow in normal and in ischemic myocardium. The increase in microvascular blood flow was larger when using -25 mmHg on normal myocardium, and was larger when using -50 mmHg on ischemic myocardium; however these differences were not statistically significant.
### Instruction: Do cannabinoids reduce granuloma-associated angiogenesis in rats by controlling transcription and expression of mast cell protease-5? ### Response:
Modulation of mast cell function by cannabinoids reduced granuloma formation and associated angiogenesis. Therefore cannabinoid-related drugs may be useful in the management of granulomatous diseases accompanied by angiogenesis.
### Instruction: Does [ Parental smoking and passive smoke exposure in childhood promote the COPD exacerbation rate ]? ### Response:
Maternal cigarette smoke exposure in childhood aggravates the COPD disease and predisposes the patient for a higher disease severity.
### Instruction: Is femoral nerve blockade administered preclinically for pain relief in severe knee trauma more feasible and effective than intravenous metamizole : a randomized controlled trial? ### Response:
Patients with painful knee trauma benefited from femoral nerve blockade administered before hospitalization. The treatment can be administered safely in the preclinical setting and provides effective analgesia.
### Instruction: Is survival of ovarian cancer patients overexpressing the tumour antigen p53 diminished in case of MHC class I down-regulation? ### Response:
As the prognosis of patients with p53-overexpressing ovarian cancer is affected by the MHC class I status of tumour cells and ovarian cancer patients can generate immune responses to the p53 tumour antigen, the further development of immunotherapy should evaluate strategies to improve MHC class I expression by tumour cells to facilitate antigen presentation in an attempt to increase clinical responses.
### Instruction: Is pSA velocity associated with gleason score in radical prostatectomy specimen : marker for prostate cancer aggressiveness? ### Response:
Our results have further validated PSAV as a marker for prostate cancer aggressiveness. The preoperative PSAV was a significant independent predictor of the Gleason score and non-organ-confined disease in the radical prostatectomy specimen. Thus, PSAV could be useful in treatment decision-making and in assessing the likelihood of long-term cancer control in men with prostate cancer.
### Instruction: Does perinatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure alter the immune response and airway innervation in infant primates? ### Response:
Perinatal ETS exposure can induce a T(H)2-biased inflammatory response and alter airway innervation in infant monkeys.
### Instruction: Does genetic evidence from Indian red jungle fowl corroborate multiple domestication of modern day chicken? ### Response:
Our results suggest that the domestication of chicken has occurred independently in different locations of Asia including India. We found evidence for domestication of Indian birds from G. g. spadiceus and G. g. gallus as well as from G. g. murghi, corroborating multiple domestication of Indian and other domestic chicken. In contrast to the commonly held view that RJF and domestic birds hybridize in nature, the present study shows that G. g. murghi is relatively pure. Further, the study also suggested that the chicken populations have undergone population expansion, especially in the Indus valley.
### Instruction: Does low dietary folate impair glucose tolerance and plasma lipid profile in oral contraceptive-treated rats? ### Response:
These results demonstrate impaired glucose tolerance and disturbed plasma lipid profile induced by OC treatment in folic acid deficient rats and suggest that inadequate folic acid intake might contribute to increased cardiovascular risk during OC use that could be prevented by proper oral folic acid intake.
### Instruction: Does transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 have a major role in visceral hypersensitivity symptoms? ### Response:
4alphaPDD selectively activates TRPV4 in sensory neurons projecting from the colon, and TRPV4 activation causes visceral hypersensitivity. TRPV4 activation is implicated in the nociceptive response to CRD in basal conditions and in PAR(2) agonist-induced hypersensitivity. These results suggest a pivotal role for TRPV4 in visceral nociception and hypersensitivity.
### Instruction: Does glycine attenuate endotoxin-induced liver injury by downregulating TLR4 signaling in Kupffer cells? ### Response:
Dietary glycine improved survival rates and liver function in endotoxemic mice by regulating the production of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines in liver. It attenuated liver injury by deactivating KCs through inhibiting TNF-alpha secretion and increasing IL-10 production. The downregulative effect of glycine on the endotoxin signaling pathway and TLR4/NF-kappaB/TNF-alpha may be a novel potential mechanism by which glycine inhibits KC activity.
### Instruction: Does atomoxetine reverse attentional deficits produced by noradrenergic deafferentation of medial prefrontal cortex? ### Response:
Though atomoxetine is neurochemically selective, it is not wholly specific at doses >0.3 mg/kg. All doses of the drug were similar in their efficacy in reversing the ED deficit, but the effectiveness of the 0.1 mg/kg dose supports the hypothesis that increases in prefrontal NE alone are sufficient to improve attention in NE-LX rats. Moreover, the detrimental effects of the drug in non-lesioned rats support the hypothesis that optimal levels of NE in prefrontal cortex are critical to attentional set shifting with both supra- and sub-optimal levels producing attentional impairments.
### Instruction: Does long-term NSAID treatment directly decrease COX-2 and mPGES-1 production in the articular cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis? ### Response:
Both NSAID diminished PGE2 release and induced a decrease in COX-2 and mPGES-1 synthesis in the cartilage from OA patients and in OA chondrocytes. These data suggest that prolonged therapy with PGE2 blocking agents decreases PGE2 production not only by direct inhibition of COX-2 activity, but also by down-regulating COX-2 and mPGES-1 synthesis in the cartilage. However, CBX and ACF seem to have a different anti-inflammatory profile in controlling pro-inflammatory gene expression in the cartilage.
### Instruction: Are preeclampsia and small-for-gestational age associated with decreased concentrations of a factor involved in angiogenesis : soluble Tie-2? ### Response:
Patients with preeclampsia and those with SGA fetuses have lower median plasma concentrations of soluble Tie-2 than women with normal pregnancies.
### Instruction: Does a brief prehospital stroke severity scale identify ischemic stroke patients harboring persisting large arterial occlusions? ### Response:
Stroke severity assessed by the LAMS predicts presence of large artery anterior circulation occlusion with high sensitivity and specificity. The LAMS is a promising instrument for use by prehospital personnel to identify select stroke patients for direct transport to Comprehensive Stroke Centers capable of endovascular interventions.
### Instruction: Does geometry of the carotid bifurcation predict its exposure to disturbed flow? ### Response:
Certain geometric features of the young adult carotid bifurcation are robust surrogate markers of its exposure to disturbed flow. It may therefore be reasonable to consider large-scale retrospective or prospective imaging studies of local risk factors for atherosclerosis without the need for time-consuming and expensive flow imaging or CFD studies.
### Instruction: Does early disruption of the blood-brain barrier after thrombolytic therapy predict hemorrhage in patients with acute stroke? ### Response:
Early parenchymal enhancement after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator is significantly associated with subsequent SICH and could therefore become a useful imaging sign for the rapid initiation of preventive strategies in the future.
### Instruction: Do tacrolimus and TGF-beta act synergistically on the generation of Langerhans cells? ### Response:
The synergism between TGF-beta1 and tacrolimus leads to the generation of LCs, reduced expression of costimulatory and MHC II molecules, and reduced stimulatory activity. Shifting the balance of the dendritic cell population to LCs might be of major importance for the therapeutic effect of tacrolimus.
### Instruction: Do wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in early life predict asthma development in high-risk children? ### Response:
Among outpatient viral wheezing illnesses in infancy and early childhood, those caused by RV infections are the most significant predictors of the subsequent development of asthma at age 6 years in a high-risk birth cohort.
### Instruction: Are tumour malignancy loss and cell differentiation associated with induction of gef gene in human melanoma cells? ### Response:
These findings support the hypothesis that the gef gene offers a new approach to differentiation therapy in melanoma.
### Instruction: Does extended-release niacin alter the metabolism of plasma apolipoprotein ( Apo ) A-I and ApoB-containing lipoproteins? ### Response:
Niacin treatment was associated with significant increases in HDL apoA-I concentrations and production, as well as enhanced clearance of TRL apoB-100 and apoB-48.
### Instruction: Do atorvastatin and fenofibrate have comparable effects on VLDL-apolipoprotein C-III kinetics in men with the metabolic syndrome? ### Response:
Both atorvastatin and fenofibrate have dual regulatory effects on VLDL-apoC-III kinetics in MetS; reduced production and increased fractional catabolism of VLDL-apoC-III may explain the triglyceride-lowering effect of these agents.
### Instruction: Is adipose macrophage infiltration associated with insulin resistance and vascular endothelial dysfunction in obese subjects? ### Response:
In a cohort of obese subjects, we demonstrate that proinflammatory changes in adipose tissue are associated with systemic arterial dysfunction and insulin resistance. These findings suggest that adipose inflammation may be linked to vascular injury and increased cardiovascular risk in obese subjects.
### Instruction: Does pentoxifylline attenuate nociceptive sensitization and cytokine expression in a tibia fracture rat model of complex regional pain syndrome? ### Response:
These results suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to the nociceptive and vascular sequelae of fracture and that PTX treatment can reverse these CRPS-like changes.
### Instruction: Is liver fat reproducibly measured using computed tomography in the Framingham Heart Study? ### Response:
One cross-sectional slice is adequate to capture the majority of variance of fat content in the liver per individual. Abdominal scan measures as compared to chest scan measures of fat content in the liver are more precise. The measurement of fat content in the liver on MDCT scans is feasible and reproducible.
### Instruction: Are regional gray matter changes associated with cognitive deficits in remitted geriatric depression : an optimized voxel-based morphometry study? ### Response:
These results reveal that RGD is associated with gray matter changes of certain brain regions hypothesized to influence cognition and might thus be involved in the psychopathology and pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in RGD.
### Instruction: Are [ Specific riding styles associated with specific effects on bodily posture control ]? ### Response:
Balance control was most effective in dressage and vaulting riders and least effective in the show jumping competitors. Thus, except for dressage and vaulting, our results do not suggest a positive effect of traditional riding styles on postural stability and control.
### Instruction: Does metallothionein alleviate glutathione depletion-induced oxidative cardiomyopathy in murine hearts? ### Response:
Our findings suggest a pathologic role of glutathione depletion in cardiac dysfunction and the therapeutic potential of antioxidants.
### Instruction: Is protoporphyrin IX fluorescence photobleaching a useful tool to predict the response of rat ovarian cancer following hexaminolevulinate photodynamic therapy? ### Response:
In vivo PpIX fluorescence photobleaching is useful to predict the tissue response to HAL-PDT.
### Instruction: Is a variant of the IGF-I gene associated with blood pressure but not with left heart dimensions at the age of 2 years : the Generation R Study? ### Response:
The variant type of the IGF-I promoter region is associated with lower blood pressure but not with left heart dimensions at the age of 2 years. Follow-up studies are needed to examine whether these differences persist in later life.
### Instruction: Are heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein k and thymidine phosphorylase independent prognostic and therapeutic markers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma? ### Response:
Cytoplasmic hnRNP K and high TP are associated with shorter OS and distant metastasis-free survival in NPC patients. In vitro experiments suggest that NPC tumors with high TP expression may be sensitive to 5'-DFUR treatment. Cytoplasmic hnRNP K and high TP may be potential prognostic and therapeutic markers for NPC, but additional validation studies are warranted.
### Instruction: Is the relative distribution of membranous and cytoplasmic met a prognostic indicator in stage I and II colon cancer? ### Response:
These data indicate that the relative subcellular distribution of Met, as measured by novel automated image analysis, may be a valuable biomarker for estimating colon cancer prognosis.
### Instruction: Does overexpression of the PSMB5 gene contribute to bortezomib resistance in T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia cells derived from Jurkat line? ### Response:
The mechanism of bortezomib resistance is different from that of multidrug resistance. Overexpression of PSMB5 is an important mechanism for bortezomib resistance in JurkatB lines. NF-kappaB may play a critical role in evading the apoptotic effects.
### Instruction: Does magnesium supplementation help to improve carotid intima media thickness in patients on hemodialysis? ### Response:
Based on the present data, magnesium may play an important protective role in the progression of atherosclerosis in patients on dialysis. Further studies are needed to assess more accurately the role of magnesium in atherosclerotic regression in dialysis patients.
### Instruction: Does event-related-potential low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography ( ERP-LORETA ) suggest decreased energetic resources for cognitive processing in narcolepsy? ### Response:
Narcoleptic patients showed prolonged information processing, as indexed by N2 and P300 latencies and decreased energetic resources for cognitive processing.
### Instruction: Is interleukin-6 polymorphism associated with chorioamnionitis and neonatal infections in preterm infants? ### Response:
The IL-6-174 GG and -572 GC genotypes were associated with a higher incidence of histologic chorioamnionitis, and the IL-6-174 CC genotype was associated with septicemia in preterm infants. These findings suggest that the genetic composition of the IL-6 promoter area plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of chorioamnionitis and neonatal infections.
### Instruction: Is intake of water from foods , but not water from beverages , related to lower body mass index and waist circumference in free-living humans [ corrected ]? ### Response:
Intake of water from foods, but not water from beverages, was independently associated with lower BMI and waist circumference in free-living humans consuming self-selected diets.
### Instruction: Does treatment of Zucker diabetic fatty rats with AVE7688 improve vascular and neural dysfunction? ### Response:
AVE7688 is an effective treatment for microvascular and neural disease in ZDF rats. Thus, vasopeptidase inhibitors may be an effective treatment for diabetic microvascular and neural complication in type 2 diabetes.
### Instruction: Does [ Artesunate induce prostate cancer cell line PC-3 differentiation and cell cycle arrest ]? ### Response:
ART can induce PC-3 cell cycle arrest and differentiation in vitro.
### Instruction: Is increased S100beta associated with reduced cognitive function in healthy older adults? ### Response:
Findings indicate that increased S100beta levels are associated with poorer cognitive function in neurologically healthy older adults, implicating BBB function in age-related cognitive decline. Further work is needed to clarify possible mechanisms, particularly longitudinal studies that involve neuroimaging.
### Instruction: Are gains of chromosome region 3q26 in intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva frequent and independent of HPV status? ### Response:
Immunohistochemical evaluation of p16 and p53 expression aids in the differential diagnosis of squamous cell alterations of the vulva. However, detection of 3q26 imbalance is of additional diagnostic value in difficult cases of HPV-unrelated usual-type VINs and VINs of the differentiated type.
### Instruction: Is ocular involvement associated with HLA-B51 in Adamantiades-Behçet 's disease? ### Response:
More than the half of the patients with Adamantiades-Behçet's disease evaluated in our department developed ocular involvement. There was a statistically significantly higher frequency of HLA-B51 in these patients.
### Instruction: Is closing the audit loop necessary to achieve compliance with evidence-based guidelines in the management of acute pancreatitis? ### Response:
For evidence-based guidelines to be effective, feedback to surgeons is necessary.
### Instruction: Does [ Curcumin promote apoptosis of esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines through inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling pathway ]? ### Response:
Curcumin inhibits the phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha, leading to suppression of proliferation, induction of apoptosis and an increase of the sensitivity of ESCC cell lines towards 5-FU.
### Instruction: Is the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in Chinese hemodialysis patients higher than that in peritoneal dialysis patients? ### Response:
In a cross-sectional analysis of prevalent Chinese patients, we found a higher LVMI and a higher prevalence of LVH in HD than in PD patients. As LVMI was associated with high blood pressure and volume overload, we suggest that in these patients, PD may preserve more physiological hemodynamics even during long-term therapy.
### Instruction: Is brachial artery ligation with total graft excision a safe and effective approach to prosthetic arteriovenous graft infections? ### Response:
BAL is an effective and expeditious method to deal with an infected arm AVG in frequently critically ill patients with densely scarred wounds. In the short term, BAL appears to be well tolerated without resulting ischemic complications. Further study with longer duration of follow-up is necessary to ascertain whether BAL results in definitive cure, or whether patients may ultimately manifest ischemic changes and require additional intervention.
### Instruction: Do polymorphisms in VEGF and IL-8 predict tumor recurrence in stage III colon cancer? ### Response:
High expression variants of VEGF C+936T and IL-8 T-251A were associated with shorter time to tumor recurrence, indicating that the analysis of angiogenesis-related gene polymorphisms may help to identify patient subgroups at high risk for tumor recurrence.
### Instruction: Does late gadolinium enhancement by cardiovascular magnetic resonance herald an adverse prognosis in nonischemic cardiomyopathy? ### Response:
A CMR LGE in NICM patients strongly predicts adverse cardiac outcomes. The CMR LGE may represent the end-organ consequences of sustained adrenergic activation and adverse LV remodeling, and its identification may significantly improve risk stratification strategies in this high risk population. (Imaging Techniques for Identifying Factors of Sudden Cardiac Death Risk; NCT00181233).
### Instruction: Does initial fetal cardiovascular profile score predict recipient twin outcome in twin-twin transfusion syndrome? ### Response:
A normal CVPS in the RT in TTTS is predictive of improved survival compared with an abnormal CVPS, even in RTs with minor deductions. Standard clinical staging did not predict outcome. Cardiac assessment by CVPS may improve clinical decision making and the timing of fetal interventions.
### Instruction: Is interferon-gamma increased in patients with primary Sjogren 's syndrome and Raynaud 's phenomenon? ### Response:
These results suggest a pathogenic role of INF-gamma in pSS patients with RP. Whether the RP is immune-mediated or whether INF-gamma directly causes vasospasm still remains to be elucidated.
### Instruction: Does thrombin regulate vascular smooth muscle cell proteoglycan synthesis via PAR-1 and multiple downstream signalling pathways? ### Response:
Thrombin caused a dose-dependent increase in [(35)S]sulfate and [(3)H]glucosamine incorporation with maximum effects of approximately 150% at the highest doses tested. This increase was associated with increased size of biglycan and decorin assessed by SDS-PAGE. Chemically cleaved glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains analyzed by SDS-PAGE and size exclusion chromatography were larger for proteoglycans from thrombin treated cells. VSMCs synthesize small GAGs when provided with exogenous xyloside and thrombin treatment also increased the size of the secreted xyloside GAGs. The effect of thrombin was not mimicked by the catalytically inactive FPRCK-HCT and was blocked in a concentration- dependent manner by the PAR-1 antagonist, JNJ5177049. Inhibition of PK C with GF 109203X resulted in concentration dependent but partial inhibition of [(35)S]sulfate incorporation accompanied by a reduction in the size of biglycan and decorin. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulated [(35)S]sulfate incorporation and increased proteoglycan size and this was completely blocked by the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478. AG1478 partially (32%, p<0.01) blocked the effect of thrombin. Thrombin treatment of VSMCs increased the proportion of disaccharides sulfated at the 6 position of the GalNAc residues. Thus, thrombin has actions on VSMCs which increase the length and modify the sulfation pattern of GAG chains on proteoglycans in a manner that would enhance the binding of LDL. If manifest in vivo, this effect on proteoglycan synthesis and structure represents a new biochemical mechanism through which thrombin contributes to the development of atherosclerosis.