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### Instruction: Is human pregnane X receptor expressed in breast carcinomas , potential heterodimers formation between hPXR and RXR-alpha? ### Response:
Breast cancer cells can express both variants 1 and 2 of hPXR. Infiltrative carcinomas that recurred showed a nuclear location of both hPXR and RXR-alpha; therefore, the overexpression and the subcellular location changes of hPXR could be considered as a potential new prognostic indicator.
### Instruction: Does altered fractalkine cleavage potentially promote local inflammation in NOD salivary gland? ### Response:
These data indicate that aberrant proteolytic activity in the NOD SMG results in increased fractalkine cleavage and generation of a unique fractalkine fragment. This specific cleavage may contribute to autoimmunity.
### Instruction: Does secretory immunoglobulin a blunt gut-mediated priming of neutrophils in vitro? ### Response:
sIgA is the principal defense against potential pathogens at mucosal surfaces. Additional protective activity may be found in its ability to downregulate gut-mediated neutrophil priming. Although more work needs to be performed examining the role of sIgA in the pathogenesis of sepsis, this study shows that sIgA downregulates the measured determinants of neutrophil inflammatory potential.
### Instruction: Does nuclear factor kappaB mediate the inhibitory effects of interleukin-1 on growth hormone-inducible gene expression? ### Response:
Signaling via the NFkappaB pathway is responsible for the inhibitory effects of IL-1 on GH-inducible gene expression by a mechanism that does not seem to involve increased SOCS-3 expression.
### Instruction: Is a polymorphism of EGFR extracellular domain associated with progression free-survival in metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving cetuximab-based treatment? ### Response:
This preliminary study suggests that: an increase in EGFR copy number may be associated with cetuximab response but is a rare event in CRC, KRAS mutations are associated with low response rate but do not preclude any cetuximab-based combination efficacy and EGFR exon 13 variant (R521K) may predict for cetuximab benefit.
### Instruction: Are red-blood-cell to plasma ratios transfused during massive transfusion associated with mortality in severe multiple injury : a retrospective analysis from the Trauma Registry of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie? ### Response:
An association between pRBC : FFP transfusion ratios and mortality to favour early aggressive FFP administration was observed. Further investigation is necessary prior to recommending routine 1 : 1 or more aggressive FFP use in exsanguinating patients.
### Instruction: Do axes of astigmatism in fellow eyes show mirror rather than direct symmetry? ### Response:
Our results show that mirror, rather than direct, symmetry is the norm.
### Instruction: Are elevated serum levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine , but not homocysteine , associated with cardiovascular disease in stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients? ### Response:
Concentrations of serum SAH and SAM in CKD stage 5 patients are associated with renal function, but not with inflammation or PEW. Among the investigated sulfur amino acids, only SAH was independently associated with the presence of clinical signs of CVD. These findings suggest that while tHcy might be influenced by a number of confounding uremic factors, SAH levels may better reflect the putative increased cardiovascular risk of sulfur amino acid alterations in CKD patients.
### Instruction: Is [ Oxidative stress exacerbated in diabetic patients during cardiopulmonary bypass ]? ### Response:
In conclusion, the current study indicates that a systemic oxidative stress occurs during CPB and post-CPB periods and that in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the systemic oxidative stress was increased.
### Instruction: Is genetic liability for bipolar disorder characterized by excess frontal activation in response to a working memory task? ### Response:
Left prefrontal hyperactivation during working memory is associated with genetic liability for bipolar disorder and represents a potential neurobiological endophenotype for the illness.
### Instruction: Is kIR2DS5 associated with leukemia free survival after HLA identical stem cell transplantation in chronic myeloid leukemia patients? ### Response:
Our data indicate a role for an NK mediated anti-CML response after HLA identical sibling SCT that is influenced by KIR ligands and, more importantly, by stimulatory KIRs present in the donor.
### Instruction: Is the performance of prostate specific antigen for predicting prostate cancer maintained after a prior negative prostate biopsy? ### Response:
Prostate specific antigen does not lose predictive value for the detection of prostate cancer even after a first biopsy shows no evidence of cancer, and its performance characteristics are only slightly decreased.
### Instruction: Is over expression of hypoxia-inducible protein 2 , hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and nuclear factor kappaB putatively involved in acquired renal cyst formation and subsequent tumor transformation in patients with end stage renal failure? ### Response:
Hypoxia-inducible protein 2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB may be involved in a continuous process of the evolution of phenotypic expression from a simple cyst to epithelial hyperplasia and eventually to tumor.
### Instruction: Does stimulation of osteoblasts with Emdogain increase the expression of specific mineralization markers? ### Response:
The beneficial effects seen in periodontal regeneration after treatment with EMD may be related to an increase of the mineralization markers BSP and OPN at mRNA level.
### Instruction: Are oxytocin-induced contractions within rat and rabbit ejaculatory tissues mediated by vasopressin V1A receptors and not oxytocin receptors? ### Response:
The contractile effect of oxytocin on rat and rabbit ejaculatory and erectile tissues is mediated via V1A receptors. Endothelin-1-induced contractions are not due to endogenous oxytocin or AVP release. V1A receptor antagonists may have a therapeutic role in both erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation.
### Instruction: Is [ Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of uracil auxotroph Aspergillus fumigatus an efficient method for target gene knockout ]? ### Response:
Our study showed that A. tumefaciens-medidated transformation by using pyrG as a recessive selectable marker is an efficient tool for target gene deletion of A. fumigatus.
### Instruction: Is dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa associated with frequent FLG gene mutations? ### Response:
DEB-Pr develops as a result of COL7A1 gene mutations and acquired phenotype-modifying factors. Filaggrin mutations did not contribute to the pruriginous phenotype in the present patient cohort.
### Instruction: Do alternative promoters influence alternative splicing at the genomic level? ### Response:
Thus at the genomic level, alternative promoters are positively correlated with alternative splicing.
### Instruction: Is immunogenecity of modified alkane polymers mediated through TLR1/2 activation? ### Response:
This is the first report of a synthetic polymer activating immune responses through TLR binding.
### Instruction: Does deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase 3B promote epigenetic silencing through histone 3 chromatin modifications in pituitary cells? ### Response:
Our findings identify DNMT3b as a putative mediator of epigenetic control through histone modifications of gene expression in pituitary cells.
### Instruction: Is impaired insulin activation and dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase in skeletal muscle of women with polycystic ovary syndrome reversed by pioglitazone treatment? ### Response:
Impaired insulin activation of GS including absent dephosphorylation at sites 2+2a contributes to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle in PCOS. The ability of pioglitazone to enhance insulin sensitivity, in part, involves improved insulin action on GS activity and dephosphorylation at NH2-terminal sites.
### Instruction: Does expression profiling of familial breast cancers demonstrate higher expression of FGFR2 in BRCA2-associated tumors? ### Response:
BRCA1-associated tumours demonstrated increased expression of component genes of the Notch and TGFbeta pathways whereas the higher expression of FGFR2 and FGF1 in BRCA2-associated cancers suggests the existence of an autocrine stimulatory loop.
### Instruction: Does intracerebroventricular administration of neuropeptide Y induce hepatic insulin resistance via sympathetic innervation? ### Response:
Intracerebroventricular administration of NPY acutely induces insulin resistance of EGP via activation of sympathetic output to the liver.
### Instruction: Is regular exercise in the elderly effective to preserve the speed of voluntary stepping under single-task condition but not under dual-task condition . A case-control study? ### Response:
Exercising regularly protects from physical functioning loss in older persons and against a decrease in voluntary step execution times during single-task but not during dual-task conditions. Lack of specificity (dual-task exercises) during the training may be the cause of insignificant differences in dual-task stepping performance. Thus, adding dual-task training may improve dual-task performance in the elderly.
### Instruction: Does down-regulation of osteopontin suppress growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via induction of apoptosis? ### Response:
Osteopontin may facilitate tumorigenesis and metastasis through prevention of tumor cells from apoptosis. RNA interference-mediated depletion of osteopontin may be a promising strategy for the treatment of HCC by sensitizing the chemotherapeutic drugs.
### Instruction: Does gabapentin reduce post-thoracotomy shoulder pain : a randomized , double-blind placebo-controlled study? ### Response:
Pre-emptively administered gabapentin, 1200 mg, does not reduce the incidence, or the severity, of post-thoracotomy shoulder pain in patients receiving thoracic epidural analgesia.
### Instruction: Does thoracic epidural analgesia improve pulmonary function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery? ### Response:
High TEA decreases postoperative pain and atelectasis and improves pulmonary function in patients undergoing CABG surgery. Our results support the use of TEA in this group of patients.
### Instruction: Is body mass index a stronger predictor of alanine aminotransaminase levels than alcohol consumption? ### Response:
Excess weight is more common than excessive alcohol consumption in the community and confers a greater risk of elevated aminotransaminase levels.
### Instruction: Does xAF1 mRNA expression improve progression-free and overall survival for patients with advanced bladder cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy? ### Response:
This is one of the few studies to address the role of XAF1 in a clinical setting. The data presented here identify XAF1 as a novel predictive and prognostic factor in bladder cancer patients. Furthermore, our observations are in line with previous studies, which point towards XAF1 as a tumor-suppressor gene. Nonetheless, additional studies, both mechanistic and translational, are warranted and may help not only in corroborating the role of XAF1 as a prognostic marker, but also as a potential target for anticancer therapy.
### Instruction: Does monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secreted by adipose tissue induce direct lipid accumulation in hepatocytes? ### Response:
The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secreted by adipose tissue may induce steatosis not only recruiting macrophages but also acting directly on hepatocytes.
### Instruction: Does cytosolic sequestration of Prep1 influence early stages of T cell development? ### Response:
The results obtained by genetic (Prep1 hypomorphic) and functional (Pbx1NT transgenic) inactivation of Prep1 support nonredundant roles for this homeodomain protein during different stages of T cell development.
### Instruction: Does a very strict guideline reduce the number of erythrocyte transfusions in preterm infants? ### Response:
A very strict guideline reduced the number of erythrocyte transfusions in preterm infants, without threatening their clinical course.
### Instruction: Is male breast cancer : the scenario changing? ### Response:
There is a scenario of rising incidence, particularly in urban US, Canada and UK. Even though more data on risk factors is emerging about this disease, more multi-institutional efforts to pool data with large randomized trials to show treatment and survival benefits are needed to support the existing vast emerging knowledge about the disease.
### Instruction: Does red reveal branch die-back in Norway maple Acer platanoides? ### Response:
The results suggest that red leaf colouration and branch condition are interrelated in Norway maple. Early reddish colours may be used as an indication of leaf nitrogen and carbon levels but not as an indication of tree condition. Studies that concentrate on entire trees may not operate at an optimal level to detect the evolutionary mechanisms behind autumnal leaf colour variation.
### Instruction: Is secretory phospholipase A2 required to produce histologic changes associated with gastroduodenal reflux in a murine model? ### Response:
The presence of secretory phospholipase A(2) appears necessary for early histologic changes produced by exposure of the esophagus to gastroduodenal contents. This enzyme is identified as a promising target for evaluation of mechanisms of carcinogenesis and chemoprevention of esophageal carcinoma.
### Instruction: Does hBx inhibit the growth of CCL13-HBX-stable cells via the GSK-3beta/beta-catenin cascade? ### Response:
Our findings suggest that HBx negatively regulated proliferation of CCL13-HBx-stable cells via the GSK-3beta/beta-catenin cascade.
### Instruction: Does celecoxib inhibit serum amyloid a-induced matrix metalloproteinase-10 expression in human endothelial cells? ### Response:
SAA induced MMP-10 expression and celecoxib prevented its induction. MMP-10 induction was at least partly mediated by PGE(2).
### Instruction: Is arginine transport augmented , through modulation of cationic amino acid transporter-1 , in obstructive uropathy in rats? ### Response:
BUO induces an increase in glomerular arginine transport via upregulation of CAT-1, probably due to increase in arginine utilization by a non-NO pathway.
### Instruction: Does the mitogen-activated protein kinase Erk5 mediate human mesangial cell activation? ### Response:
These results suggest that Erk5 is involved in agonist-induced mesangial cell contraction, proliferation and ECM accumulation and point to a multifunctional role of Erk5 in the pathophysiology of glomerular mesangial cells.
### Instruction: Is fSHB promoter polymorphism within evolutionary conserved element associated with serum FSH level in men? ### Response:
The identification of a regulatory SNP in FSHB promoter paves the way to study the effect of constitutively low FSH on male health and fertility. As FSH contributes to follicular development and sex steroid production in women, the role of this FSHB variant in female reproductive success is still to be addressed.
### Instruction: Is ethnicity associated with alterations in oxytocin relationships to pain sensitivity in women? ### Response:
These data suggest that reduced oxytocinergic function may be one of multiple biological factors contributing to the greater sensitivity to experimental ischemic pain, and to the greater burden of some types of clinical pain experienced by African Americans compared with Whites.
### Instruction: Is fast-track open colectomy possible in a New Zealand public hospital? ### Response:
With a systematic, multidisciplinary approach, it is possible to implement and maintain a fast-track programme in a New Zealand public hospital.
### Instruction: Does interleukin-1 receptor antagonist attenuate the severity of spinal cord ischemic injury in rabbits? ### Response:
Administration of IL-1ra attenuates spinal cord ischemic-reperfusion injury as evidenced by reducing both neuronal necrosis and apoptosis.
### Instruction: Do apolipoprotein E-/- mice have delayed skeletal muscle healing after hind limb ischemia-reperfusion? ### Response:
Although there was no difference between the injured muscle of Wt and ApoE(-/-) mice during the acute phase of reperfusion, ApoE(-/-) mice showed delay in skeletal muscle healing during the chronic phase of reperfusion. This lag in muscle regeneration was associated with lower levels of myogenin at 7DR and an increased level of MCP-1 at 14DR in the ApoE(-/-) mice. The delay in skeletal muscle healing in the ApoE(-/-) mice may have broader implications for poor tissue healing and functional recovery in elderly patients who have vascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia.
### Instruction: Does a benzodiazepine discontinuation programme increase the frequency of contacts with the family practice? ### Response:
No clinically important differences in practice contacts were observed when the course of the number of contacts and non-benzodiazepine prescriptions were compared between the experimental and control groups. Family practitioners do not have to anticipate an increased workload associated with participation in such a benzodiazepine discontinuation programme.
### Instruction: Do aspergillus fumigatus antigens activate immortalized human corneal epithelial cells via toll-like receptors 2 and 4? ### Response:
TLR2 and TLR4-nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways in corneal epithelium play important roles in inflammatory responses against A. fumigatus antigens.
### Instruction: Is the herpes simplex virus type 1 ( HSV-1 ) glycoprotein K ( gK ) essential for viral corneal spread and neuroinvasiveness? ### Response:
The results show that HSV-1 gK is essential for efficient replication and spread in the corneal epithelium and trigeminal ganglia neuroinvasion in MKDelta gK inoculated mice.
### Instruction: Does topical and oral ketorolac administration increase the intraocular pressure-lowering effect of latanoprost? ### Response:
Topical and oral ketorolac strengthens the latanoprost-induced IOP-lowering effect both in glaucomatous patients and in healthy subjects.
### Instruction: Does perfusion scanning using 99mTc-HMPAO detect early cerebrovascular changes in the diabetic rat? ### Response:
99mTc-HMPAO brain scan may be useful in the detection of early atherosclerotic changes in the diabetic rat brain.
### Instruction: Does inhibition of 5alpha-reduced steroid biosynthesis impede acquisition of ethanol drinking in male C57BL/6J mice? ### Response:
Although the exact mechanism is unclear, FIN and other pharmacological interventions that modulate the GABAergic system may prove useful in curbing ethanol intake acquisition in at-risk individuals.
### Instruction: Is vasoactive intestinal peptide critical for circadian regulation of glucocorticoids? ### Response:
Thus, our data demonstrate that VIP is essential for the circadian regulation of an otherwise intact hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
### Instruction: Is total absence of ST-segment resolution after failed thrombolysis correlated with unfavorable short- and long-term outcomes despite successful rescue angioplasty? ### Response:
The STR assessment before rescue PCI proved to be a good and simple means to predict the short- and long-term prognosis in these patients.
### Instruction: Does experimental evidence support the abscess theory of development of radicular cysts? ### Response:
Inflammatory cysts were induced by initiating acute inflammatory foci (abscess/necrotic area) by bacterial injection that got enclosed by a proliferating epithelium. This finding provides strong experimental evidence in support of the "abscess theory" of development of radicular cysts.
### Instruction: Is alternative splicing of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase associated with plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to simvastatin? ### Response:
Variation in the production of an HMGCR isoform with reduced statin sensitivity is a determinant of interindividual differences in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and triglyceride response to statin treatment.
### Instruction: Does radiotherapy augment the immune response to prostate cancer in a time-dependent manner? ### Response:
The therapeutic temporal window of immunotherapy post-RT suggests that highly aggressive, immuno-suppressive tumors might be most sensitive to immunotherapy in a fairly narrow time window; these results should help to guide future development of clinical combinatorial strategies.
### Instruction: Are colorectal cancer stem cells enriched in xenogeneic tumors following chemotherapy? ### Response:
CoCSC are enriched in colon tumors following chemotherapy and remain capable of rapidly regenerating tumors from which they originated. By focusing on the biology of CoCSC, major resistance mechanisms to specific chemotherapeutic agents can be attributed to specific genes, thereby suggesting avenues for improving cancer therapy.
### Instruction: Does protein disulfide isomerase have no stimulatory chaperone effect on factor X activation by factor VIIa-soluble tissue factor? ### Response:
FX activation is insensitive to PDI per se and a phospholipid contaminant in the bovine PDI preparation acts stimulatory when sTF, but not lipidated TF, is the cofactor. Strong support is provided by the lacking effect of bovine PDI after removal or modification of the Gla domain in either FVIIa or FX as well as by the effects of annexin V and detergents and the decreased K(m) value.
### Instruction: Is aymptomatic CMV viremia associated with increased levels of serum amyloid A in patients with advanced HIV-infection? ### Response:
Increased levels of SAA indicate sensitively an inflammatory response to active CMV infection. Use of a CMV-specific virological assay is required to confirm the specificity of a high SAA-level but may be limited to samples with high SAA-levels. Hence, screening for increased levels of SAA in patients with advanced HIV-infection may allow early identification of active CMV infection.
### Instruction: Is aprotinin associated with postoperative renal impairment after primary coronary surgery? ### Response:
Aprotinin treatment during primary coronary surgery was not associated with impaired postoperative renal function in comparison with patients treated with tranexamic acid.
### Instruction: Does benzodiazepine-induced reduction in activity mirror decrements in cognitive and psychomotor performance? ### Response:
This study showed that activity levels were significantly reduced following dosing with a benzodiazepine and these changes coincided with impairment of cognitive and psychomotor performance. Actigraphy, therefore, appears to be able to reflect the psychopharmacological effects of a benzodiazepine in changes in daytime function and nocturnal behaviour, which, without waking the subject, is beyond the power of conventional psychometrics.
### Instruction: Does short-term treatment with bromocriptine improve impaired circadian growth hormone secretion in obese premenopausal women? ### Response:
Activation of dopamine D2Rs by B favorably affects impaired nyctohemeral GH secretion in obese women. Reduced dopaminergic neuronal signaling might be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity associated hyposomatotropism.
### Instruction: Is inverse association of testosterone and the metabolic syndrome in men consistent across race and ethnic groups? ### Response:
A robust, dose-response relationship between sex hormone levels and odds of the metabolic syndrome in men is consistent across racial/ethnic groups.
### Instruction: Are endometrial receptivity and implantation affected by the presence of uterine intramural leiomyomas : a clinical and functional genomics analysis? ### Response:
This study provides evidence that intramural leiomyomas not affecting the endometrial cavity alters the expression pattern of some endometrial genes, but the genes involved in implantation are not affected. This is confirmed by leiomyomas having no effect on oocyte donation outcome when the size and number of leiomyomas are analyzed.
### Instruction: Is ovarian morphology a marker of heritable biochemical traits in sisters with polycystic ovaries? ### Response:
These data provide further evidence for a genetic basis of PCOS. The high heritability of biochemical features in probands and affected sisters, despite wide variation in symptoms, shows that not only are these biochemical traits strongly influenced by genetic factors but also, importantly, that polycystic ovarian morphology is an index of inherited traits in families with PCOS.
### Instruction: Does eating disorder psychopathology predict the overweight severity in subjects seeking weight loss treatment? ### Response:
The severity of the specific and general eating disorder psychopathology does not predict the levels of overweight. A positive association between severe eating disorder psychopathology and clinical depression was observed.
### Instruction: Does cilostazol inhibit oxidative stress-induced premature senescence via upregulation of Sirt1 in human endothelial cells? ### Response:
Our results indicated that cilostazol exerted protective effects against endothelial senescence and dysfunction, and enhancement of NO production is a key mediator in upregulation of Sirt1.
### Instruction: Do eugonadal male patients with adrenal incidentalomas and subclinical hypercortisolism have increased rate of vertebral fractures? ### Response:
In eugonadal male patients with AI, SH is associated with low BMD and high prevalence of vertebral fractures.
### Instruction: Does platelet-derived growth factor signaling through ephrin-b2 regulate hepatic vascular structure and function? ### Response:
These studies elucidate novel HSC-signaling pathways that regulate microvascular structure and function in liver.
### Instruction: Does age hamper the response to pulmonary rehabilitation of COPD patients? ### Response:
among elderly patients with COPD, a comprehensive rehabilitation programme can significantly improve the 6'WD even in the presence of chronic hypoxemia. The most physically impaired patients achieve the greatest benefit from rehabilitation, but we could not develop a model accurately predicting the response to rehabilitation.
### Instruction: Is ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer frequently associated with the microsatellite instability pathway? ### Response:
The carcinogenesis process in ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer was closely associated with the microsatellite instability pathway through TGFbetaRII mutation by a dysfunction of the mismatch repair system.
### Instruction: Are reduced cardiorespiratory fitness , low physical activity and an urban environment independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk in children? ### Response:
Reduced CRF, low PA and an urban environment are independently associated with an increase in metabolic risk markers in children.
### Instruction: Does icodextrin impact infectious and culture-negative peritonitis rates in peritoneal dialysis patients : a 2-year multicentre , comparative , prospective cohort study? ### Response:
Subjects receiving icodextrin as part of their PD regimen experienced neither a higher rate of culture-negative peritonitis nor a lower rate of infectious peritonitis compared with non-icodextrin users. There was no significant influence of the icodextrin raw material supplier on peritonitis rates.
### Instruction: Are vKORC1 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms associated with warfarin dose requirements in Turkish patients? ### Response:
Polymorphisms in VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genes were important determinants of warfarin dose requirements in Turkish patients.
### Instruction: Does kale juice improve coronary artery disease risk factors in hypercholesterolemic men? ### Response:
Regular meals supplementation with kale juice can favorably influence serum lipid profiles and antioxidant systems, and hence contribute to reduce the risks of coronary artery disease in male subjects with hyperlipidemia.
### Instruction: Is surgical intervention and accommodative responses , II : forward ciliary body accommodative movement facilitated by zonular attachments to the lens capsule? ### Response:
The posterior lens capsule and anterior zonular attachments facilitate forward accommodative ciliary body movement. Lens substance extraction procedures that leave the posterior capsule intact, similar to those used clinically, do not affect the capsule/zonular/muscular system movements, an important finding for accommodating intraocular lens development.
### Instruction: Is visual acuity related to parafoveal retinal thickness in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and macular cysts? ### Response:
Macular cysts are a common occurrence in retinitis pigmentosa, especially among patients with dominantly inherited disease. Visual acuity is influenced by edema in the parafovea, as well as in the fovea.
### Instruction: Is serum Amyloid A concentration increased in obese children and adolescents? ### Response:
Plasma SAA concentrations are elevated in overweight and obese children, being strongly related to adiposity and log CRP. This finding suggests that increased body fat may contribute to the development of a low-grade chronic proinflammatory state at an early age, possibly contributing to the obesity-associated cardiovascular disease risk.
### Instruction: Does venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection cause modulation of inflammatory and immune response genes in mouse brain? ### Response:
Identification of differentially expressed genes in brain will help in the understanding of VEEV-induced pathogenesis and selection of biomarkers for diagnosis and targeted therapy of VEEV-induced neurodegeneration.
### Instruction: Does genotype of human carbonyl reductase CBR3 correlate with doxorubicin disposition and toxicity? ### Response:
Polymorphisms in CBR3 may explain interindividual and interethnic variability of doxorubicin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
### Instruction: Is effectiveness of statins in the reduction of the risk of myocardial infarction modified by the GNB3 C825T variant? ### Response:
Our findings show that T allele carriers of the GNB3 C825T polymorphism have less risk of MI and are more likely to benefit from statin therapy in a hypercholesterolemic population of antihypertensive drug users.
### Instruction: Does sympathetic modulation by levodopa reduce vascular risk factors in Parkinson disease? ### Response:
Levodopa use in parkinsonian patients is associated with reduced vascular risk factors. In causal terms this finding might be attributed to the inhibitory action of levodopa-derived dopamine on the sympathetic nervous system.
### Instruction: Do outcomes of trauma patients after transfer to a level I trauma center? ### Response:
: After accounting for key demographic and clinical characteristics, transfer status does not appear to be a significant independent predictor of survival among patients with moderate to severe injuries treated at Level I trauma centers.
### Instruction: Is self-criticism a key predictor of eating disorder dimensions among inpatient adolescent females? ### Response:
Patients self-criticism should be targeted in psychotherapy and might serve as an obstacle for successful inpatient treatment. The role of self-derogation in eating disorders should be examined further.
### Instruction: Does phase-contrast diffuse optical tomography pilot result in the breast? ### Response:
Refractive index is a new parameter for optical imaging that may be helpful in differentiating between malignant and benign masses in the breast.
### Instruction: Are the highest-copy repeats methylated in the small genome of the early divergent vascular plant Selaginella moellendorffii? ### Response:
Our results shed light on the genome methylation pattern in a member of a relatively unexplored plant lineage. The DNA methylation data reported here will help understanding the involvement of this epigenetic mark in fundamental biological processes, as well as the evolutionary aspects of epigenetics in land plants.
### Instruction: Do complex molecular mechanisms cooperate to mediate histone deacetylase inhibitors anti-tumour activity in neuroblastoma cells? ### Response:
HDACi are therefore interesting new anti-tumour agents for targeting highly malignant tumours such as NB, as these agents display a strong toxicity toward aggressive NB cells and they may possibly reduce angiogenesis by decreasing VEGF production by NB cells.
### Instruction: Does loss of the N-terminal domain of chlorophyllide a oxygenase induce photodamage during greening of Arabidopsis seedlings? ### Response:
The A domain of CAO regulates the level of CAO, and thus prevents the excess accumulation of chlorophyll b. This function of the A domain is especially important during the greening stage of etiolated seedlings. At this stage, the plants are vulnerable to photodamages which could be caused by excessive chlorophyll b accumulation. In addition, de-regulation of the CAO level affects monovinyl-protochlorophyllide biosynthesis in darkness by unknown mechanisms. In conclusion, the A domain of CAO is essential in the control of chlorophyll biosynthesis and in the survival of seedlings during de-etiolation especially under strong illumination.
### Instruction: Does the quality of electronic patient records in Finnish primary healthcare need to be improved? ### Response:
Finnish patient records are inadequate documents of consultations and below the standard of that country's legislation. Developing better models of recording would guarantee a higher quality of work.
### Instruction: Does recombinant human epidermal growth factor accelerate recovery of mouse small intestinal mucosa after radiation damage? ### Response:
Systemic administration of rhEGF accelerates recovery from mucosal damage induced by irradiation. We suggest that rhEGF treatment shows promise for the reduction of small intestinal damage after irradiation.
### Instruction: Is heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor gene disruption associated with delayed intestinal restitution , impaired angiogenesis , and poor survival after intestinal ischemia in mice? ### Response:
Endogenous HB-EGF significantly enhances healing by restitution, prolongs survival, and enhances angiogenesis in mice subjected to intestinal I/R injury. These findings support our hypothesis that HB-EGF administration may improve outcome in patients with intestinal I/R injury, including necrotizing enterocolitis.
### Instruction: Does developmental exposure to perchlorate alter synaptic transmission in hippocampus of the adult rat? ### Response:
Dose-dependent deficits in hippocampal synaptic function were detectable with relatively minor perturbations of the thyroid axis, indicative of an irreversible impairment in synaptic transmission in response to developmental exposure to perchlorate.
### Instruction: Does fluticasone propionate protect against ozone-induced airway inflammation and modified immune cell activation markers in healthy volunteers? ### Response:
This study confirmed and extended data demonstrating the protective effect of FP against O(3)-induced airway inflammation and immune cell activation.
### Instruction: Do neo-sex chromosomes in the black muntjac recapitulate incipient evolution of mammalian sex chromosomes? ### Response:
The nascent neo-sex chromosome system of black muntjacs is a valuable model in which to study the evolution of sex chromosomes in mammals. Our results illustrate the degeneration scenarios in various genomic regions. Of particular importance, we report--for the first time--that regulatory mutations were probably able to accelerate the degeneration process of Y and contribute to further evolution of dosage compensation.
### Instruction: Do human papillomaviruses play an aetiological role in Müllerian adenosarcomas of the uterine cervix? ### Response:
HPVs do not appear to play an aetiological role in cervical adenosarcomas. This suggests that a different histogenetic pathway for this rare tumour type must exist.
### Instruction: Is elevated Fas expression related to increased apoptosis of circulating CD8+ T cell in patients with gastric cancer? ### Response:
The data indicate that up-regulation of Fas expression in CD8+ T cells is related to increased apoptosis of circulating CD8+ T cells in patients with gastric cancer. Further investigations into the detailed mechanism of apoptosis induction in Fas-positive CD8+ T cells are urgently required.
### Instruction: Is severe preeclampsia characterized by increased placental expression of galectin-1? ### Response:
(1) We report for the first time the placental expression and localization of galectin-1 mRNA and demonstrate that the protein is abundantly present in third trimester human placentas. (2) Placental galectin-1 expression is higher in severe PE than in normal pregnancy regardless of the presence of SGA. (3) However, it is not altered in SGA without PE. We propose that the increased placental expression of galectin-1 in patients with severe PE may represent a fetal response to an exaggerated systemic maternal inflammation; thus, galectin-1 may be implicated in maternal-fetal immune tolerance in humans.
### Instruction: Is polycystic ovary syndrome associated with elevated plasma soluble CD40 ligand , a marker of coronary artery disease? ### Response:
Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with elevated levels of sCD40L and homocysteine.
### Instruction: Do peptidergic agonists of activity-dependent neurotrophic factor protect against prenatal alcohol-induced neural tube defects and serotonin neuron loss? ### Response:
These findings further support the potential usefulness of these peptides for therapeutic interventions in pregnancies at risk for alcohol-induced developmental deficits. Notably, the ascending 5-HT projections of the rostral raphe have profound effects in regulating forebrain development and function, and the descending 5-HT projections of the caudal raphe are critical for regulating respiration. Protection of the rostral 5-HT-system may help prevent structural and functional deficits linked to abnormal forebrain development, and protection of the caudal systems may also reduce the increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome associated with prenatal alcohol exposure.
### Instruction: Is eRCC5 a novel biomarker of ovarian cancer prognosis? ### Response:
ERCC5 is a novel biomarker of ovarian cancer prognosis and a potential therapeutic target of ovarian cancer response to platinum chemotherapy.
### Instruction: Do cRHR1 polymorphisms predict bone density in survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia? ### Response:
CRHR1 polymorphisms may impact the risk of bone density deficits in patients treated with corticosteroids and antimetabolites in a sex-specific manner.