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### Instruction: Are the effects of high glucose on human endothelial cell growth and gene expression mediated by transforming growth factor-beta? ### Response:
These combined observations indicate that (a) endothelial cells exposed to high glucose do not secrete TGF-beta in excess of control cells, (b) there are growth-inhibitory effects of high glucose that are independent of TGF-beta, and (c) high glucose and TGF-beta exert their effects through distinct pathways and at different loci.
### Instruction: Is one of the rubber latex allergens a lysozyme? ### Response:
One of the rubber latex allergens is a lysozyme that has similarities to fruit lysozymes. This suggests the relevance of defense-related proteins to latex allergy and the cross reaction.
### Instruction: Do survival in major burn injuries is predicted by early response to Swan-Ganz-guided resuscitation? ### Response:
Unsustained or inadequate response to hyperdynamic resuscitation of burns was associated with nonsurvival.
### Instruction: Does severe acidosis alone predict mortality in the trauma patient? ### Response:
Severe acidosis alone is not a sufficiently powerful predictor of outcome to justify withholding resuscitation; however, when combined with coma and shock, this condition had no survivors in this small series.
### Instruction: Is problem orientation a new approach to surgical education? ### Response:
A PBL curriculum generates both student and faculty enthusiasm. Unfortunately, this does not translate into more efficient transmission of knowledge.
### Instruction: Does meconium inhibit the contraction of umbilical vessels induced by the thromboxane A2 analog U46619? ### Response:
Meconium does not cause sustained contraction of umbilical artery and vein in vitro. It does, however, inhibit the contractile effect of U46619 in both umbilical artery and vein smooth muscle. The inhibitory activity of meconium appears to be concentrated in the lipid fraction.
### Instruction: Is histologic evidence of old intrauterine bleeding more frequent in prematurity? ### Response:
Decidual bleeding is common in all clinical types of preterm birth and is most common in preterm preeclampsia and nonhypertensive abruption placentae. A clinical history of bleeding is not correlated with the presence of decidual hemosiderin. Bleeding in the basal plate is related to histologic evidence of chronic uteroplacental vascular pathologic processes, which in cases of spontaneous prematurity (premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, nonhypertensive abruptio placentae) may be associated with decidual bleeding which occasionally may be clinically manifested as gestational bleeding.
### Instruction: Do early postoperative alterations in infant energy use increase the risk of overfeeding? ### Response:
Lipogenesis with increased CO2 production is substantial, even at reduced caloric delivery rates that exceeded MEE by only 50%, during the early postoperative acute metabolic stress period in infants. These data suggest that caloric requirements during stress are likely equal to or only minimally in excess of actual MEE. Intersubject variability, especially in more severely stressed infants, underscores the importance of serial measurements of energy expenditure to enable precise caloric delivery and avoid overfeeding. In the absence of calorimetric measurement, the data suggest that PBMR (predicted basal metabolic rate) should be used to estimate caloric delivery until CRP values are < or = 2.0 mg/dL.
### Instruction: Do antibody-targeted lymphokine-activated killer cells inhibit liver micrometastases in severe combined immunodeficient mice? ### Response:
These results show that ccM4 antibody-targeted LAK cells significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo; thus, they can be potentially useful in treatment of hepatic micrometastases.
### Instruction: Does rat Kupffer cell-derived nitric oxide modulate induction of lymphokine-activated killer cell? ### Response:
The results of this study suggest that NO produced by the inducible NO synthase of Kupffer cells in response to lipopolysaccharide modulates the IL-2 receptor expression and LAK activity of splenocytes.
### Instruction: Does intraileal carbohydrate regulate canine postprandial pancreaticobiliary secretion and upper gut motility? ### Response:
Carbohydrate in the ileum regulates postprandial exocrine pancreatic enzyme secretion and other postprandial upper gut functions. Peptide YY may play a role in this regulation.
### Instruction: Does induction of heat shock protein 72 prevent neutrophil-mediated human endothelial cell necrosis? ### Response:
Induction of HSP-72 in ECs by a thermal or nonthermal mechanism could prevent activated PMN-mediated EC necrosis, which may favor increased vascular permeability during systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
### Instruction: Does polymyxin B prevent increased sympathetic activity and alveolar macrophage tumor necrosis factor release in parenterally fed rats? ### Response:
Alveolar macrophage tumor necrosis factor production appears to be influenced by sympathetic nervous activity. Total parenteral nutrition-induced endotoxemia may indirectly alter macrophage function by stimulating sympathetic nervous activity.
### Instruction: Does age correlate with increased frequency of high risk factors in elderly patients with thyroid cancer? ### Response:
The prognostic importance of age in thyroid cancer may be due to the greater prevalence of pathologic risk factors in older patients.
### Instruction: Are extended resections beneficial for patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer? ### Response:
Because extended resections can achieve comparable results in locally more advanced colorectal cancer as nonextended resections in less advanced cancer, an aggressive surgical approach is warranted.
### Instruction: Is sucrase-isomaltase an independent prognostic marker for colorectal carcinoma? ### Response:
These results indicate that SI is a prognostic marker for CRC that is independent of stage-related variables in patients who have undergone potentially curative resections.
### Instruction: Do a national survey of the arrangements managed-care plans make with physicians? ### Response:
Managed-care plans, particularly HMOs, have complex systems for selecting, paying, and monitoring their physicians. Hybrid forms are common, and the differences between group or staff HMOs and network or IPA HMOs are less extensive than is commonly assumed.
### Instruction: Do low doses of pentagastrin stimulate gastric lipase secretion in man? ### Response:
We conclude that secretion of the gastric lipase is stimulated by pentagastrin, but the simultaneous secretion of acid counteracts the lipolytic activity of the enzyme when food is not present.
### Instruction: Does cluster analysis of Helicobacter pylori genomic DNA fingerprints suggest gastroduodenal disease-specific associations? ### Response:
Cluster analysis of REP-PCR DNA fingerprints of H. pylori strains suggests that duodenal ulcer isolates, as a group, are more similar to one another and different from gastritis isolates. These results suggest that disease-specific strains may exist.
### Instruction: Does interleukin-1 reversibly inhibit the synthesis of biglycan and decorin in intact articular cartilage in culture? ### Response:
The inhibition of synthesis of biglycan and decorin by IL-1 might be important in the pathophysiology of cartilage destruction in rheumatic diseases.
### Instruction: Is sepsis-induced acute lung injury attenuated by selectin blockade following the onset of sepsis? ### Response:
Treatment of animals with EL-246 soon the onset of sepsis produced significant protection against acute lung injury but failed to attenuate hemodynamic derangements associated with sepsis.
### Instruction: Is tumor necrosis factor alpha gene expression in human peritoneal macrophages suppressed by extra-abdominal trauma? ### Response:
Human PM phi constitutively show high levels of TNF-alpha message expression, and this is down-regulated by polytrauma. This might constitute a functionally "primed" state. If so, TNF-alpha down-regulation might contribute to functional PM phi suppression after systemic injury.
### Instruction: Is haemophilus pneumonia a common cause of early pulmonary dysfunction following trauma? ### Response:
Haemophilus species are a frequent cause of pneumonia following traumatic injury. This occurs primarily in the early postinjury phase and therefore should be included in the differential diagnosis of early posttraumatic pulmonary insufficiency.
### Instruction: Does cD26 expression in leprosy and other granulomatous diseases correlate with the production of interferon-gamma? ### Response:
From our results, we conclude that a high expression of CD26 may be suggestive of Th1-like immune reactions.
### Instruction: Does hansenula anomala killer toxin induce secretion and severe acute injury in the rat intestine? ### Response:
This paper presents original observations compatible with the hypothesis that H. anomala killer toxin plays a role in the pathogenesis of H. anomala-induced enteritis.
### Instruction: Does heterogeneity of red blood cell velocity in skeletal muscle decrease with increased flow? ### Response:
The heterogeneity of VRBC decreased with metabolic stress, regardless of capillary bed geometry. We propose that both the large variability in control CV and the relatively shallow dependence of CV on velocity could be responsible for the present inconsistencies between intravital studies.
### Instruction: Do phosphotyrosine antibodies preferentially react with basal epithelial cells in the dog prostate? ### Response:
The preferential localization of phosphotyrosine proteins in basal cells, their increased level per cell and the number of positive cells in the different experimental animals support the concept that basal cells represent the stem cells of the prostate. The sex steroid-mediated up-regulation of protein phosphorylation on tyrosine residues in these cells suggests that their proliferation is likely to involve growth factor regulated signal transduction pathways. In this respect, the lack of maturation of basal cells and the differentiation of secretory cells induced by androgen deprivation, combined with estrogen stimulation, favors the activation of these pathways and cell growth. On the other hand, the activation of glandular cell differentiation and the increase of stromal volume do not alter the threshold level of protein tyrosine kinase and phosphatase activities in secretory cells, fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells.
### Instruction: Does immunity to nerve growth factor prevent afferent plasticity following urinary bladder hypertrophy? ### Response:
Our results demonstrate that obstruction of the bladder elicits structural and functional plasticity in afferents as a result of ongoing neurotrophic interactions. Neurotrophic interactions offer a potential mechanism whereby symptoms and bladder hyperactivity develop with obstruction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
### Instruction: Is myocardial calcium-independent nitric oxide synthase activity present in dilated cardiomyopathy , myocarditis , and postpartum cardiomyopathy but not in ischaemic or valvar heart disease? ### Response:
These results support the hypothesis the generation of nitric oxide by iNOS accounts for some of the dilatation and impaired contractility associated with inflammatory and non-inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy and peripartum cardiomyopathy.
### Instruction: Does hemodilution accelerate the passage of plasma ( not red cells ) through cerebral microvessels in rats? ### Response:
These findings indicate that isovolemic hemodilution accelerates the plasma (not red cell) flow velocity in cerebral microvessels.
### Instruction: Do microvascular basal lamina antigens disappear during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion? ### Response:
The significant parallel losses of three basal lamina components, both in number and intensity, contribute to loss of microvascular integrity. These phenomena may be important for understanding cell extravasation and the hemorrhagic consequences of acute stroke.
### Instruction: Does 7-Nitroindazole inhibit brain nitric oxide synthase and cerebral vasodilatation in response to N-methyl-D-aspartate? ### Response:
These findings suggest that vasodilatation in response to NMDA is mediated by neuronally derived NO. 7-NI appears to produce selective inhibition of brain NO synthase but not endothelial NO synthase.
### Instruction: Is guanylin , an endogenous ligand for C-type guanylate cyclase , produced by goblet cells in the rat intestine? ### Response:
Guanylin is expressed in mature goblet cells. If secreted in conjunction with mucin, it could play a role in the hydration of mucus.
### Instruction: Do physicians ' psychosocial beliefs correlate with their patient communication skills? ### Response:
Physician beliefs about psychosocial aspects of patient care are associated with their communication with patients in routine office visits. Patients of physicians with more positive attitudes have more psychosocial discussions in visits than do patients of physicians with less positive attitudes. They also appear more involved as partners in their care. These findings have implications for medical educators, teachers, and practicing physicians.
### Instruction: Is fibre an essential ingredient of enteral diets to limit bacterial translocation in rats? ### Response:
Fibre-free enteral diets do not protect the gut antimicrobial barrier whatever else is in them. The superiority of early enteral as opposed to parenteral nutrition after injury may, therefore, not be the result of a specific protective effect on the gut barrier. The supplementation of commercial enteral diets with bulk fibre should be tested in clinical trials.
### Instruction: Is shc a substrate of the rat intestinal epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase? ### Response:
Shc is a substrate of the intestinal EGF receptor in vivo. EGF-induced association of Shc with the adapter protein Grb2 may have implications for activation of the p21ras signaling pathway in the intestine. The EGF-induced membrane association of Shc with two other phosphotyrosyl proteins suggests involvement of Shc in additional aspects of EGF-receptor signaling in the intestine.
### Instruction: Does an intravenous loading dose of azathioprine decrease the time to response in patients with Crohn 's disease? ### Response:
An 1800-mg intravenous loading dose of azathioprine is safe and may decrease the time to response to < or = 4 weeks in patients with Crohn's disease. Correlation between clinical response and azathioprine metabolite concentrations at larger azathioprine doses should be determined.
### Instruction: Is microsatellite instability in human colonic cancer a useful clinical indicator of familial colorectal cancer? ### Response:
Although some very small, and as yet undefined, proportion of colon cancer may be caused by inherited mutations leading to microsatellite instability, tumoral instability by itself is not a marker for familiality and should not be considered as evidence for an inherited syndrome.
### Instruction: Does thromboxane contribute to submaximal coronary dilation during myocardial ischemia? ### Response:
Endoperoxides contribute to poststenotic microvascular vasoconstriction in vessels 150-300 microns.
### Instruction: Is high density lipoprotein cholesterol associated with serum cortisol in older people? ### Response:
Endogenous glucocorticoid levels correlated with HDL cholesterol levels and may play a role in the physiologic regulation of high density lipoprotein levels in older people.
### Instruction: Do women 's reports of breast implant problems and silicone-related illness? ### Response:
Findings included dissatisfaction with implants, similarity of health problems, and recurrent surgical and nonsurgical procedures. Dominant themes included lack of informed consent, physician denial of health problems, and the decision to remove implants. Further research should be directed at recipients of implants who report silicone-related illness to determine the number of women affected and the nature of their problems.
### Instruction: Does acute spermatic cord torsion alter the microcirculation of the contralateral testis? ### Response:
Acute spermatic cord torsion altered the microcirculation by increasing the amplitude of vasomotion and decreased total blood flow to the opposite testis. Because the hydraulic resistance of a blood vessel exhibiting vasomotion is always less than a vessel with the same average but static diameter, the observed microcirculatory changes may be an adaptive response to preserve local flow in the presence of decreased total flow. The long-term consequences of these changes in the microcirculation may affect testicular function and ultimately fertility.
### Instruction: Is reflux esophagitis in humans mediated by oxygen-derived free radicals? ### Response:
Reflux esophagitis is mediated by free radicals depleting SOD. Barrett's esophagus is a severe form of oxidative damage; in some patients, high SOD levels may prevent severe esophagitis. Antireflux surgery prevents oxidative damage.
### Instruction: Is epinephrine metabolized by the spinal meninges of monkeys and pigs? ### Response:
These data demonstrate the functional presence of COMT in the spinal meninges of pigs and monkeys and suggest that the spinal meninges may limit the spinal bioavailability of epidurally or intrathecally administered epinephrine.
### Instruction: Is outpatient liver biopsy using ultrasound guidance and the Biopty gun safe and cost effective? ### Response:
Outpatient liver biopsy is safe and cost effective, with minor complications in 1.6%. The routine use of ultrasound guidance and the Biopty gun is likely to contribute to these favourable results.
### Instruction: Does mRNA from frog corneal epithelium increase water permeability in Xenopus oocytes? ### Response:
Evidence was found for a water channel in the frog corneal epithelium because oocytes injected with the epithelial mRNA manifested increased water permeability. The increase in water permeability was larger in the presence of external Cl- and was inhibited by HgCl2. This finding correlates with measurements of Pf in the intact epithelium in which apical Cl- induced an increase in transepithelial water permeability prevented by HgCl2.
### Instruction: Does dimethyl sulfoxide trigger urine histamine release in interstitial cystitis? ### Response:
The relief of symptoms reported in 50% to 77% of patients treated with intravesical DMSO is not related to detectable mast cell release of histamine. Other mechanisms of action must be investigated to explain the beneficial effect of this agent.
### Instruction: Does defect in potentiation of adenylyl cyclase correlate with bronchial hyperreactivity? ### Response:
The observed defect in signal transduction could play an important part in bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
### Instruction: Do importance of time-window overlap in the detection and analysis of embolic signals? ### Response:
Inadequate degrees of fast Fourier transform time-window overlap will result in the failure of current TCD machines to detect embolic signals. Furthermore, this and the time windowing currently usually used may result in variability in the relative intensity increase of identical embolic signals. These factors need to be taken into account when comparing data on the frequencies of embolic signals recorded by different researchers and in the design of future TCD equipment.
### Instruction: Does normal nuchal thickness in the midtrimester indicate reduced risk of Down syndrome in pregnancies with abnormal triple-screen results? ### Response:
Normal nuchal thickness significantly reduces the risk of Down syndrome and may help reduce the number of amniocenteses done for abnormal triple screen results.
### Instruction: Do analysis of savings in operative time for primary hyperparathyroidism using localization with technetium 99m sestamibi scan? ### Response:
The preoperative localization of a solitary parathyroid adenoma may optimize operative time with UNE, saving approximately 30 minutes.
### Instruction: Does magnesium sulfate have negligible effect on middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity in response to endotracheal intubation? ### Response:
Our results suggest that MgSO4 appeared to have negligible effects on cerebral blood flow and hemodynamics in response to tracheal intubation. Its attenuating effect on pressor response induced by endotracheal intubation might be over emphasized.
### Instruction: Is combined bile acid therapy more effective on biliary lipids and dissolution rates than monotherapy after gallstone lithotripsy? ### Response:
In gallstone patients, combined therapy with urso- and chenodeoxycholic acid is superior to either ursodeoxycholic acid alone or biliary parameters in bile samples obtained by direct fine needle puncture of the gallbladder.
### Instruction: Does global incomplete cerebral ischemia produce predominantly cortical neuronal injury? ### Response:
This animal model of ischemia causes reproducible neuronal injury primarily in cortical regions without pancellular necrosis and infarction. Damage to subcortical areas is less severe than to cortical areas, despite comparable reductions in regional cerebral blood flow. Therefore, in the presence of regionally uniform but incomplete cerebral ischemia, neocortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons and cerebellar cortical Purkinje cells are more likely than subcortical neurons to degenerate; alternatively, pyramidal and Purkinje neurons degenerate before neostriatal neurons in this model. This neuronal degeneration may represent an intrinsic cellular mechanism without major contribution of cytotoxic pathways associated with inflammation.
### Instruction: Is bFGF release dependent on flow conditions in experimental vein grafts? ### Response:
Vein inserted in the arterial circulation release a higher quantity of bFGF. This could explain in part, the formation of myointimal hyperplasia in arterial vein graft.
### Instruction: Are fetal fibronectin , interleukin-6 , and C-reactive protein useful in establishing prognostic subcategories of idiopathic preterm labor? ### Response:
Three subcategories of idiopathic preterm labor were evident: (1) fetal fibronectin nondetectable (37% likely to be delivered before 34 weeks), (2) fetal fibronectin detectable but interleukin-6 < 1500 pg/ml (79% likely to be delivered before 34 weeks but 85% with > 48 hours' latency), and (3) fetal fibronectin present and interleukin-6 > 1500 pg/ml (91% likely to be delivered with < 48 hours' latency).
### Instruction: Is proinflammatory cytokine production and cartilage damage due to rheumatoid synovial T helper-1 activation inhibited by interleukin-4? ### Response:
Th1 activation is a possible mechanism by which inflammation in RA joints is enhanced. The Th2 cytokine IL-4 inhibits this Th1 activity and may diminish inflammation and induction of cartilage damage in RA joints.
### Instruction: Is urinary nitrate excretion increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and reduced by prednisolone? ### Response:
Our data suggest that the endogenous production of NO is enhanced in patients with RA. Furthermore, the results indicate that, in parallel with suppression of inflammation, this increased NO synthesis could be reduced by prednisolone treatment.
### Instruction: Does microvascular invasion in prostate cancer correlate with pathologic stage? ### Response:
Microvascular invasion in prostatic carcinoma correlates positively with virtually all measures of pathologic stage. Its presence should be reported in all prostate specimens according to the Cancer Committee of the College of Americans Pathologists.
### Instruction: Does removal of LDL from plasma by adsorption reduce adhesion molecules on mononuclear cells in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans? ### Response:
Our results indicate that LDL adsorption-induced immunoregulation is mediated by an indirect stimulatory effect on the immune system. The results suggests that improved peripheral circulation produced by LDL adsorption may reflect improved immune dysfunctions of atherosclerotic lesions in ASO patients.
### Instruction: Are perception and reflex responses to intestinal distention in humans modified by simultaneous or previous stimulation? ### Response:
In humans, temporospatial interactions of gut stimuli activate modulatory phenomena that determine the perception intensity of the stimuli.
### Instruction: Do comparison of ambulance dispatch protocols for nontraumatic abdominal pain? ### Response:
The majority of patients with nontraumatic abdominal pain who requested ambulance transport during the study period did not have conditions that were classified as emergencies. In the study model, if an undertriage error costs more than $3,674, indiscriminate ambulance dispatch is the least expensive protocol, and if an undertriage error costs less than $3,674, no ambulance dispatch is the least expensive strategy.
### Instruction: Does post-ischemic hypothermia ameliorate ischemic brain damage but not post-ischemic audiogenic seizures in rats? ### Response:
Sprague-Dawley rats develop post-ischemic audiogenic seizures more frequently than Wistar rats and mortality rate is high. The incidence of post-ischemic audiogenic seizures and mortality correlates well with the duration of ischemia. Post-ischemic moderate hypothermia (30 degrees C) significantly ameliorated the hippocampal and cortical nerve cell losses after 10 min of severe brain ischemia, but did not improve outcome. It appears that the high mortality rate of S-D rats following brain ischemia is related to frequent post-ischemic audiogenic seizures.
### Instruction: Does ketamine attenuate endotoxin-induced leukocyte adherence in rat mesenteric venules? ### Response:
Pretreatment with ketamine attenuates endotoxin-induced leukocyte adherence by a shear rate-independent mechanism, suggesting reduced expression of adhesion molecules. These results indicate that ketamine exerts an anti-inflammatory effect, which might be beneficial in septic patients.
### Instruction: Is ethanol-associated hypoglycemia uncommon? ### Response:
Hypoglycemia was uncommonly associated with ethanol intoxication, and was found almost exclusively among patients with several ethanol-positive visits. Glucose and ethanol concentrations do not show any linear correlation; patients with higher ethanol concentrations are not at higher risk of hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is not more likely to occur in ethanol-positive than in ethanol-negative patients. Initial glucose screening does not appear to be necessary for all patients suspected of intoxication; selective screening may be more appropriate.
### Instruction: Is respiratory function deterioration time-linked with upper-limb onset in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? ### Response:
Pulmonary function deterioration does not appear to be time-linked to arm onset in ALS.
### Instruction: Is the quantity of nucleolar proteins nucleolin and protein B23 related to cell doubling time in human cancer cells? ### Response:
These data indicate that the quantitative changes of AgNOR proteins observed in cytohistologic preparations in situ mainly reflect the quantitative changes of nucleolin and protein B23 and demonstrate that nucleolin and protein B23 amounts are inversely related to cell doubling time in human cancer cells.
### Instruction: Do dNA index and ploidy distinguish normal human parathyroids from parathyroid adenomas and primary hyperplastic parathyroids? ### Response:
DI by ICM differentiates normal from abnormal parathyroids. DI might influence extent of resection in two- and three-gland hyperplasia and selection of the most appropriate gland for autografting and cryopreservation in patients with four-gland hyperplasia.
### Instruction: Does anti-interleukin-6 antibody treatment improve survival during gut-derived sepsis in a time-dependent manner by enhancing host defense? ### Response:
Treatment with antimurine IL-6 antibody at 2 and 4 hrs after injury, but not at 8 hrs after injury, positively affects outcome during gut-derived sepsis. Moreover, the beneficial effect of treatment after 2 hrs was related to an enhanced clearance of translocated bacteria.
### Instruction: Does measurement of infarct size using MRI predict prognosis in middle cerebral artery infarction? ### Response:
The results demonstrate that measurement of the size of middle cerebral artery infarction with MRI is a useful tool in assessing prognosis and will have a valuable role in assessing new therapeutic agents.
### Instruction: Do dobutamine echocardiography and thallium-201 imaging predict functional improvement after revascularisation in severe ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction? ### Response:
Dobutamine echocardiography and 201Tl imaging may be used to predict mechanical improvement in dysynergic segments after revascularisation in patients with chronic ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction.
### Instruction: Are serum lipoprotein ( a ) concentrations related to coronary disease progression without new myocardial infarction? ### Response:
Serum lipoprotein(a) concentrations are closely related to the progression of coronary artery disease without new myocardial infarction. Lipoprotein(a) lowering treatment may be needed to prevent disease progression in patients with coronary artery disease and high serum lipoprotein(a).
### Instruction: Do latent solitary tuberculous psoas abscess 52 years after healed thoracolumbar tuberculous spondylitis? ### Response:
Orthopedic surgeons must be aware of the rare, delayed appearance of a solitary psoas abscess after tuberculous spondylitis.
### Instruction: Do rat aortic smooth muscle cells become pericytes during angiogenesis in vitro? ### Response:
This study demonstrates that the rat aorta contains a subpopulation of intimal/subintimal smooth muscle cells that differentiate into pericytes during angiogenesis in vitro. These cells have a distinct endothelial tropism and respond to endothelial cues by contributing to the differentiation and maturation of microvessels. Smooth muscle cells of rat aortic intimal/subintimal origin can be used as a source of pericytes for the in vitro assembly of histotypic microvessels.
### Instruction: Is contralateral duplex scanning for deep venous thrombosis unnecessary in patients with symptoms? ### Response:
Although bilateral involvement is frequent in patients with symptoms of acute DVT, treatment in these patients is not altered by this finding. We conclude that contralateral venous scanning in patients with unilateral symptoms is not clinically indicated and that unilateral scanning would result in improved cost-efficiency for vascular laboratories.
### Instruction: Does hyperbaric oxygen after global cerebral ischemia in rabbits reduce brain vascular permeability and blood flow? ### Response:
HBO administered after global cerebral ischemia promoted blood-brain barrier integrity. HBO treatment also reduced cerebral blood flow; this effect was not associated with a reduction in evoked potential recovery. Since neurological outcome after global cerebral ischemia is generally poor and treatment options are limited, HBO should be further investigated as a potential therapy.
### Instruction: Does simulated microgravity increase cutaneous blood flow in the head and leg of humans? ### Response:
Because hydrostatic effects of HDT increase local arterial pressure at the carotid sinus, baroreflex-mediated withdrawal of sympathetic tone probably contributed to increased microvascular flows at the head and leg during HDT. In the leg, baroreflex effects combined with minimal stimulation of local veno-arteriolar and myogenic autoregulatory vasoconstriction to elicit relatively larger and more sustained increases in cutaneous flow during HDT. In the cheek, delayed myogenic vasoconstriction and/or humoral effects apparently compensated for flow elevation by 24 h of HDT. Therefore, localized vascular adaptations to gravity probably explain differences in acclimation of lower and upper body blood flow to HDT and actual microgravity.
### Instruction: Do cognitive styles and personality characteristics strongly influence the decision to have photorefractive keratectomy? ### Response:
Specific cognitive styles and personality characteristics strongly influence the choice to pursue photorefractive keratectomy when that choice is not occupationally driven.
### Instruction: Is inspiratory muscle strength a determinant of maximum oxygen consumption in chronic heart failure? ### Response:
Respiratory muscle weakness is seen in chronic heart failure. The results suggest that inspiratory muscles are important in determining maximum oxygen consumption and exercise tolerance in these patients. The lack of correlation between respiratory and right quadriceps muscle strength further suggests that the magnitude and time course of respiratory and locomotor muscle weakness may differ in individual patients. Treatment aimed at improving the function of the involved muscle groups may alleviate symptoms.
### Instruction: Is premature parturition characterized by in utero activation of the fetal immune system? ### Response:
Activation of the monocyte-neutrophil system exists in fetuses destined for premature delivery. These findings indicate that premature parturition is associated with in utero immune system activation.
### Instruction: Does bombesin affect mucosal immunity and gut-associated lymphoid tissue in intravenously fed mice? ### Response:
Bombesin prevents the TPN-associated atrophy and dysfunction of gut-associated lymphoid tissue, supporting the concept of close neuroimmunologic interaction.
### Instruction: Is except for alanine , muscle protein catabolism influenced by alterations in glucose metabolism during sepsis? ### Response:
The findings of this study demonstrate a universal acceleration in the metabolic rates of both intermediary glucose metabolism and protein/amino acid catabolism during sepsis. Except for alanine, however, there appears to be no coupling between these two physiologic responses to sepsis.
### Instruction: Do health behaviours explain part of the differences in self reported health associated with partner/marital status in The Netherlands? ### Response:
Differences in health behaviours explained a considerable amount, but not all, of the health differences related to marital status. Longitudinal data are necessary to confirm these findings; to determine whether the differences in health behaviours related to marital status are caused by selection effects or social causation effects; and to learn how social control, social support, and stress inter-relate to reinforce negative or to maintain positive health behaviours.
### Instruction: Does topical vancomycin applied on closure of the sternotomy wound prevent high levels of systemic vancomycin? ### Response:
Topical vancomycin causes significant systemic concentrations in the 6h post-surgery and can be detected in the urine for up to 5 days post-surgery.
### Instruction: Does clinical assessment identify hemodynamic profiles that predict outcomes in patients admitted with heart failure? ### Response:
Simple clinical assessment can be used to define profiles in patients admitted with HF. These profiles predict outcomes and may be used to guide therapy and identify populations for future investigation.
### Instruction: Is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to sarcomeric gene mutations characterized by impaired energy metabolism irrespective of the degree of hypertrophy? ### Response:
Our data provide evidence of a bioenergetic deficit in genotype-confirmed HCM, which is present to a similar degree in three disease-gene groups. The presence of energetic abnormalities, even in those without hypertrophy, supports a proposed link between altered cardiac energetics and development of the disease phenotype.
### Instruction: Do central retinal artery Doppler flow parameters reflect the severity of cerebral small-vessel disease? ### Response:
Flow parameters may be useful for the quantitative assessment of SVD severity.
### Instruction: Is endoglin a major susceptibility gene for intracranial aneurysm among Japanese? ### Response:
We provide evidence that there is no association between the 6bINS polymorphism or 4 SNPs in ENG and IA and that there is no linkage between the ENG locus and IA, indicating that ENG is not a major susceptibility gene for IA in Japanese.
### Instruction: Does neither arm nor face warming reduce the shivering threshold in unanesthetized humans? ### Response:
Focal arm or face warming did not substantially reduce the shivering threshold in unanesthetized volunteers. It thus seems unlikely that these nonpharmacological modalities will substantially facilitate induction of therapeutic hypothermia.
### Instruction: Does cotransplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells enhance human myelopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis in NOD/SCID mice? ### Response:
Cotransplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells with CD34(+)-selected hematopoietic stem cells enhances myelopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis.
### Instruction: Does baseline personality functioning correlate with 6 month outcome in schizophrenia? ### Response:
The better the personality functioning in schizophrenic patients the better seems to be the response to treatment, with regard to symptoms as well as rehabilitation. Personality assessment might be useful for the individualisation of therapies, even within the context of a standardised program.
### Instruction: Are clinical variables poor selection criteria for the use of methacholine bronchoprovocation in symptomatic subjects? ### Response:
Young and elderly symptomatic subjects are more likely to have methacholine AHR. None of the clinical variables we studied has significant predictive value for methacholine AHR across the age groups, so these variables are poor selection criteria for methacholine bronchoprovocation testing of symptomatic subjects. Given the high prevalence of AHR among these subjects, bronchoprovocation should be considered with all individuals who have respiratory symptoms of wheezing, cough, shortness of breath, or chest tightness.
### Instruction: Is epidermal growth factor receptor - but not histamine receptor - upregulated in seasonal allergic rhinitis? ### Response:
There were no significant differences in H1R or H2R mRNA levels between SAR and NR subjects in-season, despite observed differences in H reactivity. SAR subjects, however, did show a significant elevation in EGFR expression, consistent with the observation of mucus hypersecretion in allergic rhinitis.
### Instruction: Does early ischemic preconditioning without hypotension prevent spinal cord injury caused by descending thoracic aortic occlusion? ### Response:
Early ischemic preconditioning without hypotension protects against spinal cord injury after aortic occlusion, as confirmed by using the Tarlov score and histopathology.
### Instruction: Does pretreatment with statins enhance myocardial protection during coronary revascularization? ### Response:
Pretreatment with statins enhances myocardial protection during revascularization by means of mechanisms that are independent of their cholesterol-lowering properties.
### Instruction: Does continuous insulin infusion reduce mortality in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting? ### Response:
Continuous insulin infusion eliminates the incremental increase in in-hospital mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting associated with diabetes. The protective effect of continuous insulin infusion may stem from the effective metabolic use of excess glucose to favorably alter pathways of myocardial adenosine triphosphate production. Continuous insulin infusion should become the standard of care for glycometabolic control in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
### Instruction: Does positive washing cytology in patients with pancreatic cancer indicate a contraindication of pancreatectomy? ### Response:
Positive peritoneal washing cytology is not rare in patients with pancreatic cancer and indicates a contraindication of pancreatectomy.
### Instruction: Do [ Survivin mutants reverse the malignancy of HeLa cells ]? ### Response:
Survivin mutants can partially reverse the malignancy of HeLa cells. The reduction of cyclin D1 induced by survivin mutants may play an important role in it. Survivin may be a target gene in gene therapy of cancer.
### Instruction: Is somatostatin an immunosuppressive factor in aqueous humor? ### Response:
SOM is present in aqueous humor and contributes to the immunosuppressive activity of aqueous humor. Moreover, SOM induces the production of the potent immunomodulating factor alpha-MSH by TCR-stimulated primed T cells through which the SOM-treated T cells suppress other T cells. Thus, SOM can contribute to the ocular immunosuppressive microenvironment by promoting the production of immunosuppressive cytokines and inducing the activation of regulatory T cells.
### Instruction: Is systematic restaining of sputum smears for quality control useful in Burundi? ### Response:
Despite mild climatic conditions in Burundi, restaining all slides before rechecking revealed an unrecognised, widespread problem of false negatives, rather than false positives. This indicated the need for critical re-appraisal of the standard procedure using cold staining, rather than re-training, as would have been inferred from results without restaining. Systematic restaining of all slides prior to rechecking may be more widely needed in National Tuberculosis Programmes to cover all possible serious causes of error. Cold staining should be avoided in field programmes since its performance is easily affected by frequently encountered adverse factors.