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### Instruction: Is the kinase MSK1 required for induction of c-fos by lysophosphatidic acid in mouse embryonic stem cells? ### Response:
These results show that MSK1 is an important ERK-activated mediator of mitogen-stimulated c-fos induction. In addition, they indicate that MSK1 could act through CRE binding proteins to achieve c-fos promoter activation. Thus, they further our understanding of the complex regulation of the model immediate-early gene c-fos.
### Instruction: Do persistent haze and disorganization of anterior stromal collagen appear unrelated following phototherapeutic keratectomy? ### Response:
Following phototherapeutic keratectomy, anterior corneal collagen fibrils were more widely spaced and unevenly organized than in the normal rabbit cornea. However, this did not cause a significant loss of transparency and was therefore unlikely to contribute to haze.
### Instruction: Is l-arginine-induced vasodilation of the renal vasculature altered in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes? ### Response:
L-arginine-induced vasodilation of the renal vasculature is not different between a group of hypertensive diabetic patients and a young, healthy reference group. These data were obtained using low-dose L-arginine infusion.
### Instruction: Do anti-oxidant properties of N-acetyl-L-cysteine improve the immune resistance of mice fed dietary lipids to Listeria monocytogenes infection? ### Response:
On the basis of these results, we can confirm that the administration of NAC improves survival in mice fed LF diet, whereas a reduction in the generation of superoxide radicals was measured in mice fed a FO diet and infected with L. monocytogenes. Similarly, bacterial recovery was diminished in mice fed diets containing LF or HCO. Hence, these data reveal a beneficial effect of NAC in mice fed LF or HCO and a detrimental action of this antioxidant in mice fed diets containing FO or OO.
### Instruction: Does signaling through PI3K/Akt mediate stretch and PDGF-BB-dependent DNA synthesis in bladder smooth muscle cells? ### Response:
We conclude that distinct stimuli, such as mechanical stretch and PDGF-BB, promote DNA synthesis in bladder SMC through shared downstream signaling pathways. Furthermore, phenotypically similar cells from the bladder and heart show comparable pathway activation in response to stretch. These findings suggest that similar molecular mechanisms underlie the altered growth responses of the bladder and heart to mechanical overload. This study also provides the first report of Akt activation in bladder SMC and suggests that Akt, consistent with its pivotal role in cardiac hypertrophy, may also be a key regulator of remodeling in the SMC compartment of the bladder exposed to hypertrophic/hyperplastic stimuli in vivo.
### Instruction: Is temozolomide active in childhood , progressive , unresectable , low-grade gliomas? ### Response:
Temozolomide is active in children with LGGs. It is effective in previously treated patients and in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. The 42-day regimen appears less toxic than the 5-day regimen. Any impact on survival for these patients remains to be demonstrated.
### Instruction: Is neddylation and deneddylation of CUL-3 required to target MEI-1/Katanin for degradation at the meiosis-to-mitosis transition in C. elegans? ### Response:
We conclude that both neddylation and deneddylation of CUL-3 is required for MEI-1 degradation and propose that cycles of CUL-3 neddylation and deneddylation are necessary for its ligase activity in vivo.
### Instruction: Does inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling decrease p63 expression in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells? ### Response:
ZD1839 downregulates p63 expression at the messenger RNA level, suggesting that p63 is a downstream target of EGFR signaling.
### Instruction: Does the inhibitory effect of anti-CD33 monoclonal antibodies on AML cell growth correlate with Syk and/or ZAP-70 expression? ### Response:
Syk is an important component in the regulation of proliferation in AML cells. The differential response of AML cells to CD33 ligation is associated with the level of the Syk expression.
### Instruction: Are allergen-reactive antibodies found in nasal fluids from patients with birch pollen-induced intermittent allergic rhinitis , but not in healthy controls? ### Response:
Nasal fluid Bet v 1-reactive IgA and IgG were found in all patients with birch pollen-induced IAR, but not in controls. However, no significant differences were found between patients during and after the birch pollen season.
### Instruction: Is the IL1A genotype associated with nasal polyposis in asthmatic adults? ### Response:
Our study demonstrates an association of IL1A with NP inasthmatic patients and addresses the role of IL-1alpha as an inflammatory modulator in the pathogenesis of this disease.
### Instruction: Does low paraoxonase activity predict coronary events in the Caerphilly Prospective Study? ### Response:
Low serum PON1 activity toward paraoxon is an independent risk factor for coronary events in men at high risk because of preexisting disease or other CHD risk factors.
### Instruction: Is microvascular filtration increased in postural tachycardia syndrome? ### Response:
Increased microvascular filtration accounts for enhanced leg swelling in patients with POTS with increased arterial blood flow.
### Instruction: Does embryonic parathyroid rest occur commonly and have implications in the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism? ### Response:
Parathyroid rests are common and potentially serve as a cause of recurrent disease in secondary hyperparathyroidism. Consideration should be given to performing thymectomy as part of the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. A more detailed study is warranted.
### Instruction: Does heparin reduce glomerular infiltration and TGF-beta protein expression by macrophages in puromycin glomerulosclerosis? ### Response:
The inhibition of TGF-beta in macrophages seems to be part of heparin general activities. The inhibitory effect of heparin on macrophage infiltration and TGF-beta synthesis in this renal disease model supports the notion that heparin and derived molecules constitute potentially useful therapeutic agents in nephropathies.
### Instruction: Do oxygen debt criteria quantify the effectiveness of early partial resuscitation after hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock? ### Response:
The data suggest that, compared with 120% postshock immediate resuscitation, 8.4% and 15% immediate resuscitation give poorer results, with 30% immediate resuscitation showing mild, transient, but acceptable changes in organ function allowing for a 2-hour delay until full resuscitation, with complete 7-day recovery. Base deficit and lactate, but not blood pressure, are significant indices of O(2)D.
### Instruction: Does health related quality of life in Crohn 's proctocolitis differ from a general population when in remission? ### Response:
The health related quality of life for patients with Crohn's proctocolitis in remission does not differ from the general population. The disease has, however, a negative impact on parenthood, family life and professional performance.
### Instruction: Does the ubiquitin proteasome system acutely regulate presynaptic protein turnover and synaptic efficacy? ### Response:
Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the UPS functions locally within synaptic boutons to acutely control levels of presynaptic protein and that the rate of UPS-dependent protein degradation is a primary determinant of neurotransmission strength.
### Instruction: Does the ubiquitin proteasome system function as an inhibitory constraint on synaptic strengthening? ### Response:
We conclude that both pre- and postsynaptic substrates of the ubiquitin proteasome function constitutively to regulate synaptic strength and growth and that the ubiquitin proteasome pathway functions in mature neurons as an inhibitory constraint on synaptic strengthening.
### Instruction: Is rescue therapy with tacrolimus effective in patients with severe and refractory inflammatory bowel disease? ### Response:
Oral tacrolimus is safe and effective in refractory inflammatory bowel disease.
### Instruction: Does intestinal transformation result in transforming growth factor-beta-dependent alteration in tumor cell-cell matrix interactions? ### Response:
This study provides additional evidence for TGF-beta 1 as a tumor promoter during intestinal carcinogenesis and a possible new mechanism for Cox-2-related colon carcinogenesis.
### Instruction: Does relative hyperoxia augment lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokine secretion by murine macrophages? ### Response:
Our data suggest synergy between increased pO(2) and lipopolysaccharide for macrophage TNF and interleukin-6 production. Similar pO(2) elevations may occur with an open peritoneum or high supplemental O(2). Cytokines from peritoneal macrophages may contribute to the increased systemic inflammation after open operations.
### Instruction: Does theophylline attenuate the adhesion of eosinophils to endothelial cells? ### Response:
Theophylline showed inhibitory effects on both the adhesive property of eosinophils and the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, thus suggesting that theophylline attenuates the adhesive interaction between eosinophils and endothelial cells.
### Instruction: Does interaction with monocytes enhance IL-5 gene transcription in peripheral T cells of asthmatic patients? ### Response:
Our present findings provide a useful model reflecting IL-5 gene transcription in human peripheral T cells in vivo, and clearly demonstrate that an interaction with monocytes enhances IL-5 gene transcription.
### Instruction: Are distinct isoforms of protein kinase C involved in human eosinophil functions induced by platelet-activating factor? ### Response:
PKCalpha, beta and delta are not involved in PAF-induced CD11b expression, but PKCdelta is involved in the PAF-induced activation of superoxide anion generation.
### Instruction: Is conditioned place aversion a highly sensitive index of acute opioid dependence and withdrawal? ### Response:
CPA is a reliable and sensitive index of the aversive motivational state accompanying withdrawal from acute opioid dependence.
### Instruction: Does a diagnostic strategy involving a quantitative latex D-dimer assay reliably exclude deep venous thrombosis? ### Response:
A negative result on a quantitative latex d -dimer assay safely eliminates the need for further testing in patients with low or moderate pretest probability of DVT.
### Instruction: Does rectocele repair improve evacuation and prolapse complaints independent of anorectal function and colonic transit time? ### Response:
Rectocele repair improved complaints of evacuation disorder and protrusion, but defecation frequency and stool consistency were not affected. Anorectal function was unaltered after rectocele repair. Selection of patients for rectocele repair should be performed based on evacuation and protrusion complaints, anorectal function, or colonic transit time measurements have a limited role.
### Instruction: Do tumor vascularity and tryptase-positive mast cells correlate with a poor prognosis in melanoma? ### Response:
These data agree with those showing a close relationship between MCD and angiogenesis during tumour progression and demonstrate, for the first time, a prognostic significance of MCD in human melanoma.
### Instruction: Does rhein inhibit transforming growth factor beta1 induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in endothelial cells? ### Response:
Our results showed that rhein may have a protective effect on the endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting overexpression of PAI-1, indicating a way for the treatment of vascular diseases.
### Instruction: Does potentiation of atrial contractility by paired pacing augment ventricular preload and systolic performance? ### Response:
Isolated atrial myocardium exhibits substantial PESP of contractility, which is similar to ventricular myocardium. In the intact heart, atrial PESP augments LV systolic performance by effecting an increase in LV preload. This technique may provide a means of improving cardiac performance in patients with heart failure.
### Instruction: Is interleukin-4 production from human basophils critically dependent on the storage conditions employed prior to stimulation? ### Response:
The storage conditions considerably affect basophil IL-4 release and thus should taken into account when comparing results.
### Instruction: Do reactive oxygen species downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory genes by human chondrocytes? ### Response:
These data provide an evidence that ROS may have anti-inflammatory properties by depressing inflammatory gene expression. Further, we demonstrate that ROS effects are dependent on the nature of radical species and the signalling pathway that is activated. These findings should be taken into consideration for the management of antioxidant therapy in treatment of inflammatory joint diseases.
### Instruction: Does luteolin alleviate bronchoconstriction and airway hyperreactivity in ovalbumin sensitized mice? ### Response:
Our study showed that luteolin treatment during and after sensitization significantly attenuated the asthmatic features in experimental mice. Therefore, luteolin could be used either as a lead molecule to identify an effective antiasthma therapy or as a means to identify novel anti-asthma targets.
### Instruction: Does the 5-HT1A receptor agonist MKC-242 reverse isolation rearing-induced deficits of prepulse inhibition in mice? ### Response:
These results suggest that isolation rearing produces deficits in sensorimotor gating in mice that are reversible by activation of 5-HT(1A) receptors, probably somatodendritic 5-HT(1A) autoreceptors.
### Instruction: Does human epidermal growth factor enhance healing of diabetic foot ulcers? ### Response:
Our data support the contention that application of hEGF-containing cream, in addition to good foot care from a multidisciplinary team, significantly enhances diabetic foot ulcer wound healing and reduces the healing time.
### Instruction: Is percent change in wound area of diabetic foot ulcers over a 4-week period a robust predictor of complete healing in a 12-week prospective trial? ### Response:
The percent change in foot ulcer area after 4 weeks of observation is a robust predictor of healing at 12 weeks. This simple tool may serve as a pivotal clinical decision point in the care of diabetic foot ulcers for early identification of patients who may not respond to standard care and may need additional treatment.
### Instruction: Does neurobehavioral disinhibition in childhood predict early age at onset of substance use disorder? ### Response:
Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses indicated that neurobehavioral disinhibition is a component of the liability to early age at onset of substance use disorder.
### Instruction: Does mechanical limitation of pulmonary blood flow facilitate heart transplantation in older infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome? ### Response:
Pre-transplant mechanical limitation of pulmonary blood flow simplified management and reduced morbidity for HLHS patients undergoing heart transplantation at ages >or=4 months. This strategy extends the permissible transplant waiting time in older infants with HLHS.
### Instruction: Is the Jarvik 2000 associated with less infections than the HeartMate left ventricular assist device? ### Response:
Implantation of the Jarvik 2000 is associated with less device-related infections than the HeartMate-LVAD. The power-supply of the permanent Jarvik 2000 is suitable for long-term mechanical support.
### Instruction: Does [ Removal of YY1 binding sites in HPV 16 LCR increase viral transforming activities on mouse fibroblasts ]? ### Response:
Like in epithelial cells or cell lines, transcription regulator YY1 is widely expressed in rodent fibroblasts. Removal of YY1 binding motifs can elevate in the context of the whole genome, the anchorage independent growth ability and the transforming capacity of HPV 16 on the mouse fibroblasts.
### Instruction: Are red cell and plasma plant sterols related during consumption of plant stanol and sterol ester spreads in children with hypercholesterolemia? ### Response:
Consumption of plant sterols increases and consumption of plant stanols decreases the ratios of plant sterols to cholesterol in red cells of hypercholesterolemic children proportionately to the respective changes in plasma.
### Instruction: Does interleukin-10 inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase in an animal model of necrotizing enterocolitis? ### Response:
IL-10 decreases iNOS mRNA response in experimental NEC. This down-regulation may be an avenue for anti-inflammatory intervention in NEC.
### Instruction: Does [ Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection induce apoptosis-resistance in gastric epithelial cells ]? ### Response:
Chronic H.pylori infection induces apoptosis resistance in gastric epithelial cells, which may increase the risk of the development of gastric cancer.
### Instruction: Does training improve divers ' ability to detect increased CO2? ### Response:
We conclude that CO2 recognition training improves the diver's capability to detect CO2. We suggest that a diver who is both a poor CO2 detector and a CO2 retainer will be prone to CNS-oxygen toxicity.
### Instruction: Does combined skin prick and patch testing enhance identification of peanut-allergic patients with atopic dermatitis? ### Response:
Our data suggest that APTs with peanuts may represent a useful integration to standard testing modalities employed for the diagnosis of peanut allergy in AD patients.
### Instruction: Does direct contact between human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and renal fibroblasts facilitate the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1? ### Response:
It is suggested that the interaction between renal fibroblasts and PBMC was mediated through direct contact and by secreted humoral factors. ICAM-1 on renal fibroblasts may be involved in the direct cell-to-cell interaction inducing MCP-1 gene expression, which seems to be involved in renal interstitial inflammation.
### Instruction: Does progesterone influence vascular function in postmenopausal women? ### Response:
We conclude that progesterone given without oestrogen does not adversely affect vascular function in postmenopausal women.
### Instruction: Does hormone replacement therapy cause a decrease in hepatocyte growth factor in hypertensive women? ### Response:
Serum HGF level before the start of HRT was higher in the hypertensive PMW than in the normotensive PMW. Furthermore, HRT decreases serum HGF without decreasing blood pressure in hypertensive PMW. The HRT-induced decrease in serum HGF was greater in hypertensive PMW than in normotensive PMW, and the decrease was independent of blood pressure changes.
### Instruction: Does red pepper attenuate cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity and atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits? ### Response:
The current results suggest that red pepper attenuates atherosclerosis, plus plasma CETP would appear to be a risk marker of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
### Instruction: Do anterior hypothalamic lesions inhibit antigen-induced airway eosinophilia in rats? ### Response:
This study provides evidence that AHA lesions inhibit not only anaphylaxis, but also late asthmatic response related to airway eosinophilic infiltration, possibly via an alteration of the sympathetic nervous function.
### Instruction: Is cytokeratin 20 a tissue-specific marker for the detection of malignant epithelial cells in the blood of colorectal cancer patients? ### Response:
The lack of colon tissue-specificity renders ck20 useless as a marker for the post-operative surveillance of colorectal cancer patients.
### Instruction: Does single dose of acetylsalicylic acid prevent thromboxane release after tourniquet ischemia? ### Response:
Pretreatment with a single 100-mg dose of ASA prevents the release of TxB(2) after tourniquet deflation.
### Instruction: Does implantation of different malignant human cell lines in an athymic mouse alter success and growth rates of either xenograft? ### Response:
Implantation of Raji xenografts and HBT 3477 breast cancer xenografts in the same mouse did not affect xenograft success or growth rates, even when whole-body radiation of 4 Gy was used to promote Raji xenografts. These observations are not intended to imply an absence of differences in other biological parameters in this sytem or to encourage extrapolation of the conclusions indiscriminately to other preclinical models. Contrarily, our aim was to encourage other investigators to further validate these frequently used approaches.
### Instruction: Does calcium supplementation for 1 y reduce body weight or fat mass in young girls? ### Response:
Habitual dietary calcium intake was inversely associated with body fat, but a low-dose calcium supplement had no effect on body weight, height, or body fat over 1 y in young girls. It is possible that the effect of calcium on body weight is only exerted if it is ingested as part of a meal, or the effect may be due to other ingredients in dairy products, and calcium may simply be a marker for a high dairy intake.
### Instruction: Are baseline serum levels of mast cell tryptase raised in hemodialysis patients and associated with severity of pruritus? ### Response:
Mast cells or even tryptase itself may be involved in the pathogenesis of pruritus of hemodialysis patients.
### Instruction: Does nitrous oxide depress electroencephalographic responses to repetitive noxious stimulation in the rat? ### Response:
These data indicate that N(2)O at peri-MAC partial pressures prevents EEG activation resulting from noxious electrical stimulation. Unlike the situation with isoflurane, stimulus-evoked EEG activation did not occur at peri-MAC anaesthetic concentrations, suggesting that N(2)O potently blocked ascending nociceptive transmission.
### Instruction: Does infliximab therapy modify MMP-2 and MMP-9 serum concentrations in chronic arthritis? ### Response:
Our study provides further evidence that blocking TNFalpha by infliximab is a powerful tool in the management of chronic arthritis. Nevertheless, infliximab does not seem to be able to modify the serum expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, probably because modification of these enzymes is restricted to the site of joint inflammation and serum detection can not truly mirror the local situation. Additional soluble factors correlating with joint damage should be investigated as possible markers for monitoring anti-TNFalpha therapy.
### Instruction: Is late-life anemia associated with increased risk of recurrent falls? ### Response:
Late-life anemia is common and associated with twice the risk of recurrent falls. Muscle weakness and poor physical performance appear to partly mediate this association.
### Instruction: Is body mass index inversely related to mortality in older people after adjustment for waist circumference? ### Response:
Higher BMI values indicated a lower mortality risk once the risk attributable to WC was accounted for, whereas higher WC values indicate a higher mortality risk once the risk attributable to BMI was accounted for. Both BMI and WC should be measured in the clinical setting, but in older adults higher BMI is associated with lower mortality rates.
### Instruction: Do dysplastic nodules frequently develop into hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis? ### Response:
HGDN should be considered a precancerous lesion when it appears during follow-up of chronic viral hepatitis or cirrhosis. Reduced portal blood flow in the nodule on computed tomography-AP is also an important predictor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
### Instruction: Is a positive orientation toward early motherhood associated with unintended pregnancy among New Orleans youth? ### Response:
When interpreting reports of unintended pregnancy, more attention should be given to young women's orientation toward early motherhood. Doing so will inform policies that address both personal and structural factors that contribute to persistently high rates of unintended pregnancy among adolescents.
### Instruction: Does short-term soy and probiotic supplementation markedly affect concentrations of reproductive hormones in postmenopausal women with and without histories of breast cancer? ### Response:
These data suggest that short-term, moderate consumption of isoflavone-containing soy protein and consumption of these particular probiotic capsules do not significantly alter reproductive hormone concentrations in breast cancer survivors or controls, regardless of equol producer status.
### Instruction: Do polyphenol contents in grape-seed extracts correlate with antipica effects in cisplatin-treated rats? ### Response:
The study data showed variable polyphenol contents and proportions in the three GSEs correlated to variable pharmacologic effects, indicating the importance of standardization of herbal product preparations. However further increasing of the GSE doses reversed the antipica effects of GSEs, probably because of their pro-oxidant effects. Results from this study suggest that an appropriate dose of GSE has therapeutic value in treating cisplatin-induced emesis.
### Instruction: Are distal adenomatous polyps rare in patients with inflammatory bowel disease? ### Response:
The results suggest that distal adenomatous polyps are rare in patients aged 55-64 years with IBD compared with a control population. This supports the hypothesis that lesions other than polyps are important for the development of colorectal cancer in patients with IBD.
### Instruction: Does selenomethionine prevent degeneration induced by overexpression of wild-type human alpha-synuclein during differentiation of neuroblastoma cells? ### Response:
Data suggested that Overexpression of wild-type human alpha-synuclein-decreased viability and increased the levels of degenerative changes during differentiation of NB cells were reduced by selenomethionine treatment. This suggest that one of mechanisms of action alpha-synuclein may involve increased oxidative stress.
### Instruction: Does pituitary tumor-transforming gene regulate multiple downstream angiogenic genes in thyroid cancer? ### Response:
We have identified ID3 and TSP-1 as two new downstream targets of PTTG in thyroid cancer. We propose that PTTG may promote angiogenesis by regulating the expression of multiple genes with both pro- and antiangiogenic properties and may thus be a key gene in triggering the angiogenic switch in thyroid tumorigenesis.
### Instruction: Are low sex hormone-binding globulin , total testosterone , and symptomatic androgen deficiency associated with development of the metabolic syndrome in nonobese men? ### Response:
Low serum SHBG, low total testosterone, and clinical AD are associated with increased risk of developing MetS over time, particularly in nonoverweight, middle-aged men (BMI, <25). Together, these results suggest that low SHBG and/or AD may provide early warning signs for cardiovascular risk and an opportunity for early intervention in nonobese men.
### Instruction: Is endourological management better in early-onset ureteral stenosis in kidney transplantation? ### Response:
Balloon dilatation may be considered the definitive procedure for treatment of ureteral stenosis in selected cases. Percutaneous nephrostomy should be used for initial diagnosis and improvement in the renal function before attempting an open procedure.
### Instruction: Does hemoperfusion with an immobilized polymyxin B column reduce the blood level of neutrophil elastase? ### Response:
DHP with PMX has an overall effect that reduces circulating neutrophil elastase levels.
### Instruction: Do hIV-1-specific CD4+ T-cell responses are not associated with significant viral epitope variation in persons with persistent plasma viremia? ### Response:
In these chronically infected viremic subjects, circulating IFNgamma-secreting CD4 T-cell responses were directed against epitope sequences found in the predominant strain of endogenous circulating plasma HIV-1, suggesting that escape from CD4 T-cell responses is not a common process in vivo.
### Instruction: Do chitosan-g-PEG/DNA complexes deliver gene to the rat liver via intrabiliary and intraportal infusions? ### Response:
This study demonstrated the potential of chitosan-g-PEG as a safe and more stable gene carrier to the liver.
### Instruction: Does prevalence and correlate of ADHD symptoms in the national health interview survey? ### Response:
ADHD symptoms vary by race and ethnicity, gender, and age and are associated with other emotional and behavioral difficulties. Both overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis of ADHD may be issues in the U.S. population of 4- to 17-year-olds.
### Instruction: Is routine follow-up imaging unnecessary in the management of blunt hepatic injury? ### Response:
These data demonstrate that, regardless of injury grade, routine in-hospital follow-up scans are not indicated as part of the nonoperative management of blunt liver injuries. Follow-up scans are indicated for patients who develop signs or symptoms suggestive of hepatic abnormality.
### Instruction: Does rapid warfarin reversal in anticoagulated patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage reduce hemorrhage progression and mortality? ### Response:
Neither the initial GCS nor INR in anticoagulated trauma patients reliably identifies patients with ICH. Rapid confirmation of ICH with expedited head CT scan combined with prompt reversal of warfarin anticoagulation with fresh frozen plasma decreases ICH progression and reduces mortality.
### Instruction: Does energy substrate-supplemented resuscitation affect brain monocarboxylate transporter levels and gliosis in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock? ### Response:
In hemorrhagic shock, resuscitation with MC-based fluids increased brain MCT1 level and led to activation of astrocytes. Enhanced MC trafficking could be an essential route for energy supply to neurons under adverse circulatory conditions.
### Instruction: Does mitomycin C inhibit recurrent Avellino dystrophy after phototherapeutic keratectomy? ### Response:
Intraoperative use of topical 0.02% MMC in conjunction with PTK may prevent or delay the recurrence of ACD for at least for 1 year.
### Instruction: Does early heart rate recovery after exercise predict mortality in patients with chronic heart failure? ### Response:
Early heart rate recovery is an independent prognostic risk indicator in CHF patients and could be used in CHF risk stratification.
### Instruction: Does insulin sensitivity independently influence brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity in non-diabetic subjects? ### Response:
Insulin resistance is independently associated with PWV in non-diabetic subjects.
### Instruction: Is adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy in childhood associated with atopic disease later in life? ### Response:
Our data show no association between adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy in childhood and the incidence of atopic disease in young adults.
### Instruction: Does measurement of serum levels of macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 combined with prostate-specific antigen improve prostate cancer diagnosis? ### Response:
Serum MIC-1 is an independent marker of the presence of PCa and tumors with a Gleason sum of > or =7. The use of serum MIC-1 significantly increases diagnostic specificity and may be a future tool in the management of PCa.
### Instruction: Is overexpression of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase-like 1 associated with the growth of colon cancer cells? ### Response:
The findings reported here may offer new insight into colonic carcinogenesis and contribute to the development of new molecular strategies for treatment of human colorectal tumors.
### Instruction: Does meta-analysis of the p53 mutation database for mutant p53 biological activity reveal a methodologic bias in mutation detection? ### Response:
We show the importance of accurate functional analysis before inferring any genetic variation. The quality of the p53 databases is essential in order to prevent erroneous analysis and/or conclusions. The availability of functional data from our new p53 web site (http://p53.free.fr and http://www.umd.be:2072/) will allow functional prescreening to identify potential artifactual data.
### Instruction: Is vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA expression level preserved in liver metastases compared with corresponding primary colorectal cancer? ### Response:
Good prediction of VEGF mRNA levels in liver metastases can be obtained by measuring those of primary colorectal cancer. The risk of multiple liver metastatic tumors might be predictable by measuring VEGF mRNA expression in primary colorectal cancer. Further study is required to confirm these preliminary results.
### Instruction: Are vascular endothelial growth factor plasma levels significantly elevated in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations? ### Response:
Our findings suggest that VEGF plasma concentrations might play a role in the pathogenesis of cerebral AVMs. Further studies are necessary and would contribute to an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of cerebral AVMs.
### Instruction: Is gH effect on enzyme activity of 11betaHSD in abdominal obesity dependent on treatment duration? ### Response:
The study demonstrates that short- and long-term GH treatment has different effects on 11betaHSD1 and 11betaHSD2 activity. Moreover, the data do not support that long-term metabolic effects of GH are mediated through its action on 11betaHSD.
### Instruction: Are plasma osteoprotegerin levels associated with glycaemic status , systolic blood pressure , kidney function and cardiovascular morbidity in type 1 diabetic patients? ### Response:
OPG is associated with glycaemic control and CVD in patients with type 1 diabetes, compatible with the hypothesis that OPG is associated with the development of diabetic vascular complications.
### Instruction: Is empiric use of ampicillin and cefotaxime , compared with ampicillin and gentamicin , for neonates at risk for sepsis associated with an increased risk of neonatal death? ### Response:
For patients receiving ampicillin, the concurrent use of cefotaxime during the first 3 days after birth either is a surrogate for an unrecognized factor or is itself associated with an increased risk of death, compared with the concurrent use of gentamicin.
### Instruction: Do telomerase-specific T-cells kill pancreatic tumor cells in vitro and in vivo? ### Response:
Generation of antigen-specific T-cells is feasible; the expansion of these cells could be accomplished without loss of function. Antigen-specific T-cells demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity in a syngeneic, subcutaneous mouse model. However, further optimization of the expansion protocol is warranted.
### Instruction: Does activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products in osteoarthritis lead to increased stimulation of chondrocytes and synoviocytes? ### Response:
This study shows that AGEs trigger RAGE on chondrocytes and FLS, leading to increased catabolic activity and therefore to cartilage degradation. AGEs, via RAGE, could therefore contribute to the development and/or progression of OA.
### Instruction: Is lymphopenia at presentation associated with increased risk of infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus? ### Response:
Lymphopenia was an important risk factor for major infections in this group of Chinese patients in the early stages of SLE. SLE patients with lymphopenia at presentation should be closely monitored for the development of infective complications.
### Instruction: Do insulin resistance/compensatory hyperinsulinemia predict carotid intimal medial thickness in patients with essential hypertension? ### Response:
The presence of increased IMT is significantly related to several metabolic and endothelial abnormalities associated with IR/hyperinsulinemia, and fasting insulin independently predicts the thickness of the intima-media layer. These results support the view that CVD risk is greatest in those patients with essential hypertension who are also IR/hyperinsulinemic.
### Instruction: Are plasma sitosterol elevations associated with an increased incidence of coronary events in men : results of a nested case-control analysis of the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster ( PROCAM ) study? ### Response:
Elevations in sitosterol concentrations and the sitosterol/cholesterol ratio appear to be associated with an increased occurrence of major coronary events in men at high global risk of coronary heart disease. Further evaluations are warranted to confirm these preliminary findings.
### Instruction: Do polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine origin induce adiponectin in mice fed a high-fat diet? ### Response:
Intake of diets rich in EPA and DHA leads to elevated systemic concentrations of adiponectin, largely independent of food intake or adiposity and explain, to some extent, their anti-diabetic effects.
### Instruction: Does dietary supplementation of carbonate promote spontaneous tumorigenesis in a rat gastric stump model? ### Response:
The present results reveal a significant role for carbonate in the induction of gastric carcinoma in the rat. The relevance of this finding is underlined by the fact that carbonate is a major constituent of intestinal reflux into the stomach, and that such reflux is considered to be one of the major causes of gastric cancer.
### Instruction: Does reverse gastric pacing reduce food intake without inducing symptoms in dogs? ### Response:
RGP impairs intrinsic gastric myoelectrical activity and substantially and acutely reduces food intake. The reduced food intake and freedom from symptoms resulting from moderate RGP are indicative of the therapeutic potential of RGP in obesity.
### Instruction: Do coeliac children on a gluten-free diet with or without oats display equal anti-avenin antibody titres? ### Response:
Oats per se, do not seem to produce a humoral immune reaction in children with CD when given in an otherwise gluten-free diet, indicating that the reaction requires gluten challenge. Anti-avenin antibodies were equal in the two study groups, and these findings strengthen the clinical impression that oats can be tolerated by the majority of patients with CD.
### Instruction: Is spirometry related to perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with asthma? ### Response:
Lower pulmonary function during pregnancy is associated with increased gestational hypertension and prematurity in the pregnancies of women with asthma, which may be due to inadequate asthma control or factors that are associated with increased asthma severity.
### Instruction: Is older colder : temperature range and variation in older people? ### Response:
Older subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6 degrees F. Relatively few even achieve this temperature. In nursing home residents, the oldest were coldest and failed to demonstrate a diurnal rise in body temperature.
### Instruction: Is house dust mite sensitivity a factor in chronic urticaria? ### Response:
This study suggests a possible association of house dust mite sensitivity with chronic urticaria.