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### Instruction: Is collagen degradation by interleukin-1beta-stimulated gingival fibroblasts accompanied by release and activation of multiple matrix metalloproteinases and cysteine proteinases? ### Response:
Fibroblast MMP-1 was most likely responsible for collagen dissolution in the culture model, while cathepsin B may have been part of an activation pathway. All studied proteinases contribute to extracellular matrix destruction in inflamed gingival tissue, where they probably activate each other in proteolytic cascades.
### Instruction: Do increase of MMP-13 expression in multi-stage oral carcinogenesis and epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppress MMP-13 expression? ### Response:
MMP-13 could be a potential tumor marker for OSCC. The effects of EGCG in tumor inhibition may act partially through the modulation of MMP-13.
### Instruction: Does intensive continuing medical education course training on simulators result in proficiency for laparoscopic suturing? ### Response:
Although 4 hours may be insufficient for some trainees, an intensive half-day CME course is feasible and effective in significantly improving performance and allowing the majority of participants to achieve proficiency.
### Instruction: Do abdominal positron-emission tomography lesions with increased standardized uptake values correlate with intraoperative findings? ### Response:
This initial study indicates patients with potentially resectable disease by PET scan but decreased FDG uptake should undergo laparoscopic evaluation before performing laparotomy.
### Instruction: Does chlorthalidone improve endothelial-mediated vascular responses in hypertension complicated by nondiabetic metabolic syndrome? ### Response:
Chlorthalidone improved endothelial function, reversed abnormal arteriolar structure, and slowed albumin permeation in hypertensive patients with nondiabetic metabolic syndrome.
### Instruction: Does heparin therapy lead to platelet activation and prolongation of PFA-100 closure time? ### Response:
Unfractionated heparin leads to direct platelet activation and increases platelet aggregation in vitro. Unfractionated heparin causes prolongation of the collagen/adenosine diphosphate closure time in PFA-100 testing, possibly as a result of direct binding to von Willebrand factor in solution and interference with von Willebrand factor-glycoprotein Ib binding.
### Instruction: Does [ p42/44 MAPK mediate synthesis of fractalkine by mesangial cells stimulated by connective tissue growth factor ]? ### Response:
CTGF-induced secretion of FLK by mesangial cells was associated with the phosphorylation of p24/p44 MAPK.
### Instruction: Does analysis of neovascularization of PEGT/PBT-copolymer dermis substitute in balb/c-mice? ### Response:
There is evidence that the three-dimensional structure of PEGT/PBT-block-copolymer (pore size structure) influences neovascularization. The porous structures of copolymer matrices with adequate interconnection of pores (pore sizes of 75-212 and 250-300 microm) are characterized by faster ingrowth of vascular tissue.
### Instruction: Does weight loss reduce adipose tissue cathepsin S and its circulating levels in morbidly obese women? ### Response:
Changes in CTSS scWAT might contribute to serum variations in CTSS during weight loss. The decrease in CTSS concentrations in the circulation may contribute to vascular improvement in obese subjects after weight loss.
### Instruction: Do common polymorphisms of the growth hormone ( GH ) receptor correlate with the growth response to exogenous recombinant human GH in GH-deficient children? ### Response:
The most common GHR polymorphisms, alone or in association, do not appear to affect the growth response to rhGH in GHD children.
### Instruction: Is simulation-based training superior to problem-based learning for the acquisition of critical assessment and management skills? ### Response:
For fourth-year medical students, simulation-based learning was superior to problem-based learning for the acquisition of critical assessment and management skills.
### Instruction: Does cXCL12 attract CXCR4+ human metastatic neuroblastoma cells : clinical implications? ### Response:
These results show unambiguously that CXCR4 expressed in human metastatic neuroblastoma cells is not functional and do not support the clinical use of CXCR4 antagonists to prevent neuroblastoma metastasis.
### Instruction: Do in chronic idiopathic urticaria autoantibodies against Fc epsilonRII/CD23 induce histamine release via eosinophil activation? ### Response:
Our results indicate that patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria have Abs against CD23 and that eosinophils, which infiltrate the skin of these patients, play a crucial role in maintaining the disease through the release of major basic protein upon engagement of the low-affinity IgE receptor by such auto-Abs.
### Instruction: Are clinical effects of probiotics associated with increased interferon-gamma responses in very young children with atopic dermatitis? ### Response:
The improvement in AD severity with probiotic treatment was associated with significant increases in the capacity for Th1 IFN-gamma responses and altered responses to skin and enteric flora. This effect was still evident 2 months after the supplementation was ceased. The lack of consistent effects on allergen-specific responses suggests that the effects of probiotics may be mediated through other independent pathways, which need to be explored further.
### Instruction: Is tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene G-308A polymorphism a risk factor for the development of membranous glomerulonephritis? ### Response:
Our results suggest that TNF-alpha gene G-308A polymorphism is a risk factor for the development of membranous glomerulonephritis.
### Instruction: Is methionine-induced elevation of plasma homocysteine concentration associated with an increase of plasma cholesterol in adult rats? ### Response:
The results demonstrate that dietary methionine contributes to a rise in circulating homocysteine concentration which positively correlates with the concentration of plasma cholesterol. However, the effects of methionine on cholesterol metabolism of adult rats were relatively weak.
### Instruction: Do erythrocyte concentrations of metabolites or cumulative doses of 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate predict liver changes in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia? ### Response:
Erythrocyte levels of the metabolites or the cumulative doses of 6MP and MTX do not predict histological liver disease in children treated for ALL.
### Instruction: Is intranasal sufentanil effective for postoperative analgesia in adults? ### Response:
Nasal administration of 0.050 microg x kg(-1) /puff sufentanil allowed a NRS < 4 to be attained within one hour in all patients, with efficacy achieved after 20 min. These findings suggest that the intranasal route is an effective mode of sufentanil administration for immediate postoperative analgesia in adult patients.
### Instruction: Do a single dose of fentanyl and midazolam prior to Cesarean section have no adverse neonatal effects? ### Response:
Maternal analgesia and sedation with fentanyl (1 microg x kg(-1)) and midazolam (0.02 mg x kg(-1)) immediately prior to spinal anesthesia is not associated with adverse neonatal effects.
### Instruction: Is when a leak unavoidable , preoxygenation is equally ineffective with vital capacity or tidal volume breathing? ### Response:
Preoxygenation with tidal volume breathing for three minutes yields higher F(EO(2)) in comparison to four VCs. If a small leak (4 mm internal diameter) is introduced, the F(EO(2)) decreases significantly with both breathing methods to approximately 60%.
### Instruction: Is a functional promotor polymorphism of TNF-alpha associated with primary gastric B-Cell lymphoma? ### Response:
In conclusion, our data provide further evidence for host genetic factors in the susceptibility of Caucasians to gastric B-cell lymphoma. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanistic role of TNF-alpha in tumorigenesis.
### Instruction: Is activation of stat3 in primary tumors from high-risk breast cancer patients associated with elevated levels of activated SRC and survivin expression? ### Response:
Our findings suggest important roles for elevated activities of Stat3 and Src, as well as Survivin expression, in malignant progression of breast cancer. Furthermore, elevated Stat3 activity correlates inversely with complete pathologic response. These findings suggest that specific Stat3 or Src inhibitors could offer clinical benefits to patients with breast cancer.
### Instruction: Do soluble donor DNA concentrations in recipient serum correlate with pancreas-kidney rejection? ### Response:
Q-PCR for donor-specific genetic polymorphisms merits further investigation as a noninvasive approach to monitor pancreas-kidney as well as other types of allograft rejection.
### Instruction: Does surgery by consultant gynecologic oncologists improve survival in patients with ovarian carcinoma? ### Response:
The surgical treatment of patients with ovarian carcinoma by gynecologic oncologists occurred more often according to surgical guidelines, tumor removal more often was complete, and survival was improved.
### Instruction: Does prodromal angina reduce infarcted mass less in interventionally reperfused than in thrombolysed myocardial infarction? ### Response:
Preinfarction angina under 48 hours significantly reduces infarcted mass (measured by ECG and enzymes) in thrombolysed patients, but not in the interventional group. However, PIA reduced arrhythmic end-point in interventional setting.
### Instruction: Does the WAVE2 complex regulate actin cytoskeletal reorganization and CRAC-mediated calcium entry during T cell activation? ### Response:
These data reveal a role for WAVE2 in regulating multiple pathways leading to T cell activation. In particular, this work shows that WAVE2 is a key component of the actin regulatory machinery in T cells and that it also participates in linking intracellular calcium store depletion to calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel activation.
### Instruction: Does treatment with Met-RANTES decrease bacterial translocation in experimental colitis? ### Response:
These results suggest that chemokine receptor antagonists may potentially be useful in the treatment of IBDs.
### Instruction: Is rubella virus associated with fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis? ### Response:
Rubella virus, but not HSV, VZV, or T gondii, is associated with FHI.
### Instruction: Is an absent pulse sensitive for the early detection of peripheral arterial disease? ### Response:
Pulse palpation is not sensitive for the detection of PAD compared to ABI. More than two thirds of the patients within our cohort with PAD of either the left or right leg had a detectable pulse.
### Instruction: Does polymorphism of the glycoprotein Ia and IIIa in the group of women in childbirth correlate with an increased risk of developing thrombosis? ### Response:
Our results did not show the causative relationship between the existence of platelets GP IIIa/GP Ia mutations and venous system thrombosis in the women in labor. Probably presence of pro-thrombotic mutations of platelets glycoprotein in this group of patients does not represent the increased risk of thrombosis.
### Instruction: Are specific haplotypes of the CALPAIN-5 gene associated with polycystic ovary syndrome? ### Response:
These results suggest a role of CAPN5 gene in PCOS susceptibility in humans. Moreover, novel candidate risk alleles have been identified, within CAPN5 gene, which could be associated with important phenotypic and prognosis differences observed in PCOS patients.
### Instruction: Is chronic infarct-related artery occlusion associated with a reduction in capillary density . Effects on infarct healing? ### Response:
The study demonstrated precise quantification of the capillary network in patients following QMI. The most significant reduction in capillary density was observed in patients with chronic total IRA occlusion.
### Instruction: Does ciliary neurotrophic factor restore gallbladder contractility in leptin-resistant obese diabetic mice? ### Response:
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) causes 1) weight loss, 2) improvement of diabetes, and 3) alterations in gallbladder motility that is improved in obese mice but decreased in lean mice. We conclude that CNTF may improve gallbladder contractility in leptin-resistant obesity with diabetes.
### Instruction: Do fFT analysis of the X-ray tube voltage waveforms of high-frequency generators for radiographic systems? ### Response:
High-frequency X-ray generators are becoming the universal choice for radiographic systems. The X-ray tube voltage and its waveform are important features of an X-ray generator, and quality assurance (QA) is important, too. As a tool for engineers involved in the design and development of X-ray generators, we can see that our methods (FFT analysis) might have some value as a means of describing generator performance under varying conditions. Furthermore, since the X-ray tube voltage waveform of a high-frequency generator is complex, FFT analysis may be useful for QA of the waveform.
### Instruction: Does crohn 's disease run a more aggressive course in young Asian patients? ### Response:
In this first Asian study looking specifically at the impact of age at diagnosis of Crohn's disease, we found that young patients underwent a more aggressive clinical course.
### Instruction: Do effect of patient load on trauma outcomes in a Level I trauma center? ### Response:
At this Level I trauma center that is part of an established statewide trauma system, patient outcomes were not compromised during high-patient-load periods, at night, or on weekends.
### Instruction: Does hypotension increase mortality in brain-injured patients more than it does in non-brain-injured Patients? ### Response:
Hypotension is an independent risk factor for mortality. However, it does not increase mortality in TBI patients more than it does for non-TBI patients.
### Instruction: Do manual vital signs reliably predict need for life-saving interventions in trauma patients? ### Response:
In this cohort of patients, predicting the need for an LSI could have been achieved from GCS motor and verbal components and radial pulse character without automated monitors. These data show that simple and rapidly acquired manual measurements could be used to effectively triage non-head-injured trauma casualties. Similar results were obtained from manual measurements compared with those recorded from automated medical instrumentation that may be unavailable or difficult to use in the field.
### Instruction: Does aprotinin decrease reperfusion injury and allograft dysfunction in clinical lung transplantation? ### Response:
Severe PTRI increased short-term morbidity and mortality. The incidence of reperfusion injury was not dependent upon the duration of donor organ ischemia. The use of aprotinin in the perioperative patient management in lung transplantation had strong beneficial effects on the patient outcomes and decreased the incidence of post-transplant ischemia-reperfusion injury significantly.
### Instruction: Is lymphovascular invasion associated with poor survival in gastric cancer : an application of gene-expression and tissue array techniques? ### Response:
LVI was an independent predictor of survival in gastric cancer. Expression of COX-2 may facilitate tumor invasion through MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation. OPHN1 and RPN II appeared to be differentially expressed in gastric cancers exhibiting LVI. The reported function of OPHN1 and RPN II makes these gene products promising candidates for future studies involving LVI in gastric cancer.
### Instruction: Are ghrelin levels increased in alcoholism? ### Response:
Ghrelin levels are elevated in alcoholism and seem to further increase during alcohol withdrawal. However, ghrelin levels do not seem to be associated with alcohol craving.
### Instruction: Does human macroprolactin display low biological activity via its homologous receptor in a new sensitive bioassay? ### Response:
Whereas both bioassays achieve similar results with respect to monomeric PRL activity, our results indicate that the activity displayed by bbPRL toward the rat receptor may be inappropriate because it is not observed in the human PRLR-mediated assay, consistent with the apparent absence of bioactivity in vivo.
### Instruction: Does thyrotropin stimulate the generation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in human thyroid cells? ### Response:
TSH, but not thyroid-stimulating antibodies, activates both cAMP and the phospholipase C cascade in human thyroid as now demonstrated by an increase in Ins(1,4,5)P3 and its inositol phosphate metabolites. Therefore, this effect cannot be extrapolated to the FRTL-5 cell line. The apparent discrepancy may be due to a difference between species (human vs. rat) or to the loss of the fresh tissue properties in a cell line. The dual effect of TSH in human cells, through cAMP on secretion of thyroid hormones and through the diacylglycerol, Ins(1,4,5)P3 Ca2+ pathway on thyroid hormone synthesis, implies the possible separation of these effects in thyroid disease.
### Instruction: Does the effect of telephone appointment-reminder call on outpatient absenteeism in a pulmonary function laboratory? ### Response:
A policy of reminding outpatients of their appointments via telephone reduces absenteeism at a hospital-based pulmonary function laboratory. We found no difference in absenteeism between communicating the reminder via direct conversation versus via leaving a message on an answering machine.
### Instruction: Does residual air in the venous cannula increase cerebral embolization at the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass? ### Response:
Air in the venous cannula can result in HITS in the MCA. Minimizing the volume of air introduced into the venous cannula after cannulation of the RA can decrease cerebral air embolization at the beginning of CPB.
### Instruction: Does indexed effective orifice area after mechanical aortic valve replacement affect left ventricular mass regression in elderly? ### Response:
The major finding of our study is that patient-prosthesis mismatch does not affect left ventricular mass regression in patients older than 65 with pure aortic stenosis who underwent mechanical aortic valve replacement. In older patients with low cardiac output requirements, even a small change in the valve effective orifice area after aortic valve replacement with modern efficient mechanical prosthesis, will result in a marked reduction of pressure gradient and this will be associated with a significant regression of left ventricular mass.
### Instruction: Does adjustment of antibiotic treatment according to the results of blood cultures lead to decreased antibiotic use and costs? ### Response:
Adjustment of antibiotic therapy according to the results of blood cultures led to a reduction in the number of antibiotics and a narrowing of antibiotic therapy. The costs for antibiotics decreased.
### Instruction: Do glycosaminoglycans inhibit the antibacterial activity of LL-37 in biological fluids? ### Response:
Glycosaminoglycan-rich biological fluids inhibit the antibacterial effects of LL-37. Furthermore, polycations that bind to glycosaminoglycans increase the antibacterial activities of endogenous antimicrobial peptides in glycosaminoglycan-containing biological fluids.
### Instruction: Does production of a novel class of polyreactive pathogenic autoantibodies in BXD2 mice cause glomerulonephritis and arthritis? ### Response:
The polyreactivity of autoantibodies that target a novel class of autoantigens may enable these autoantibodies to induce erosive arthritis or glomerulonephritis either by direct pathogenic mechanisms or indirectly via Fc or immune complex deposition.
### Instruction: Do audio spectrum and sound pressure levels vary between pulse oximeters? ### Response:
There is considerable variance in the sound pressure and audio spectrum of commercially-available pulse oximeters. Further studies are warranted in order to establish standards.
### Instruction: Does acute weight loss followed by an aggressive nutritional recovery strategy have little impact on on-water rowing performance? ### Response:
Acute weight loss of up to 4% over 24 hours, when combined with aggressive nutritional recovery strategies, can be undertaken with minimal impact on on-water rowing performance, at least in cool conditions.
### Instruction: Are oxidized-LDL levels changed during short-term serum glucose variations and lowered with statin treatment in early Type 2 diabetes : a study of endothelial function and microalbuminuria? ### Response:
In early obese Type 2 diabetic patients, serum ox-LDL levels are influenced by short-term serum glucose variations and lowered with cerivastatin therapy. During cerivastatin treatment, improved flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation was associated with decrements in circulating ox-LDL levels and the hyperinsulinaemia-induced urinary albumin excretion was blunted.
### Instruction: Is clinically apparent atherosclerotic disease in diabetes associated with an increase in platelet microparticle levels? ### Response:
PMPs are elevated in Type 2 diabetes. In addition, patients with clinically apparent atherosclerosis had the highest levels of PMPs and sPsel. Thus, PMPs may be a marker of symptomatic atherosclerotic vascular disease in Type 2 diabetes, and may both represent a useful risk stratification tool as well as a novel therapeutic target for anti-thrombotic drugs.
### Instruction: Does glasgow Aneurysm Score predict survival after endovascular stenting of abdominal aortic aneurysm in patients from the EUROSTAR registry? ### Response:
The GAS was effective in predicting outcome after EVAR. Because its efficacy has also been shown in patients undergoing open repair of AAA, it can be used to aid decisions about treatment in all patients with an AAA.
### Instruction: Does transesophageal echocardiography disclose unexpected cardiac sources of embolus in stroke patients aged more than 45 years? ### Response:
TEE is widely used to diagnose cardiac source of cerebral embolism in young patients, but it seems to be as useful for older ones, in whom cerebral embolism risk is underestimated; atherogenic and cardioembolic causes may actually coexist, and both should be treated.
### Instruction: Do academic mothers have a pronounced seasonal variation in their offspring sex ratio? ### Response:
We conclude that the significant seasonal variation of the SRB in academic women cannot be merely interpreted as an effect of socio-economic status but more likely as the interaction between socio-economic and environmental working conditions.
### Instruction: Does acetaldehyde inhibit the formation of retinoic acid from retinal in the rat esophagus? ### Response:
The rat esophagus produces retinoic acid from retinal. An ALDH isoform(s) is responsible for this process and physiological concentration of acetaldehyde hampers the process, probably in a competitive manner. Since the disturbance of retinoic acid supply has been implicated in carcinogenicity, this finding may, at least in part, explain the high incidence of esophageal cancer in alcoholics, especially in those with inactive ALDH 2 whose blood acetaldehyde levels become higher than those with active ALDH 2.
### Instruction: Is routine once-weekly darbepoetin alfa administration cost-effective in lung cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia : a Markov analysis? ### Response:
Routine use of RHE appears to be cost-effective in patients receiving chemotherapy for lung cancer.
### Instruction: Does passive resistance increase differentially in various jaw displacement directions? ### Response:
The human jaw system has larger motion range in the protrusive and lateral directions than can be exploited by active muscle use. Stiffness of jaw displacement is higher in the protrusive direction compared to the vertical and lateral directions.
### Instruction: Is empiric acyclovir infrequently initiated in the emergency department to patients ultimately diagnosed with encephalitis? ### Response:
The majority of patients in our institution who were ultimately diagnosed with encephalitis did not receive empiric acyclovir in the ED, despite clinical presentations consistent with encephalitis.
### Instruction: Is oxidant release dramatically increased by elevated glucose concentrations in neutrophils from pregnant women? ### Response:
Elevated glucose levels enhance HMS activity and oxidant production in cells from pregnant women. This mechanism may be generally applicable in understanding the role of diabetes in materno-fetal health.
### Instruction: Does riboflavin lower homocysteine in individuals homozygous for the MTHFR 677C- > T polymorphism? ### Response:
Although previously overlooked, homocysteine is highly responsive to riboflavin, specifically in individuals with the MTHFR 677 TT genotype. Our findings might explain why this common polymorphism carries an increased risk of coronary heart disease in Europe but not in North America, where riboflavin fortification has existed for >50 years.
### Instruction: Does cyclooxygenase-1 deficiency in bone marrow cells increase early atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E- and low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice? ### Response:
COX-1 deficiency in bone marrow-derived cells worsens early atherosclerosis in apoE(-/-) and LDLR(-/-) mice despite virtual elimination of platelet TX production. These data demonstrate that platelet TX production does not aggravate early atherosclerotic lesion formation and that upregulation of COX-2 expression in COX-1(-/-) macrophages is proatherogenic.
### Instruction: Does inhibition of histone deacetylation block cardiac hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II infusion and aortic banding? ### Response:
These results suggest that the predominant effect of HDAC inhibition, mainly mediated by class I HDACs, is to prevent cardiac hypertrophy in response to a broad range of agonist and stretch stimuli.
### Instruction: Does cardiac-specific overexpression of diacylglycerol kinase zeta prevent Gq protein-coupled receptor agonist-induced cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic mice? ### Response:
These results demonstrated the first evidence that DGKzeta negatively regulated the hypertrophic signaling cascade and resultant cardiac hypertrophy in response to GPCR agonists without detectable adverse effects in in vivo hearts.
### Instruction: Is plasma triglyceride level an independent predictor of altered left ventricular relaxation? ### Response:
Plasma TG levels show a strong relationship with impaired LV relaxation, an early marker of diastolic dysfunction in human beings. These findings support a hypothesis whereby elevated TG levels favor myocyte intracellular lipid accumulation, possibly leading to lipotoxic diastolic dysfunction.
### Instruction: Does the incorporation of prior genomic information necessarily improve the performance of Bayesian linkage methods : an example involving sex-specific recombination and the two-point PPL? ### Response:
Incorporating (correct) prior genomic information is not always helpful. We recommend that the PPLSA be used as the standard form of the PPL regardless of the sex-specific recombination rates in the region of the marker in question.
### Instruction: Are cARD15 single nucleotide polymorphisms 8 , 12 and 13 increased in ethnic Danes with sarcoidosis? ### Response:
The frequency of CARD15 mutations is not increased in ethnic Danish patients with sarcoidosis, and heterozygosity for such mutations apparently has no influence on the course of disease.
### Instruction: Does electroporation-mediated interleukin-10 overexpression in skeletal muscle reduce acute rejection in rat cardiac allografts? ### Response:
Electroporation-mediated intramuscular overexpression of hIL-10 reduces acute rejection and improves survival of heterotopic heart allografts in rats. This study demonstrates that peripheral overexpression of specific genes in skeletal muscle may reduce acute rejection after whole organ transplantation.
### Instruction: Is removal of the OptEase retrievable vena cava filter feasible after extended time periods because of filter protrusion through the vena cava? ### Response:
Removal of the retrievable OptEase VCF may be successfully performed up to 14 days after insertion. Strut protrusion through the VC wall prohibited successful and safe removal at extended time intervals.
### Instruction: Do endothelial functions improve with decrease in asymmetric dimethylarginine ( ADMA ) levels after renal transplantation? ### Response:
The results indicate that ADMA is associated with FMD in CKD both before and after kidney transplantation. Endothelial functions improve at the very beginning of the posttransplantation period with accompanying reduction in ADMA and hsCRP levels.
### Instruction: Does basics of flow cytometry-based sterility testing of platelet concentrate? ### Response:
Sterility testing of PCs by FACS is a feasible approach. The present data suggest incubating PC samples for 20 to 24 hours at 37 degrees C before testing. For slow-growing bacteria, the incubation period must be prolonged by 1 to 2 days.
### Instruction: Are elevations of plasma methylarginines in obesity and ageing related to insulin sensitivity and rates of protein turnover? ### Response:
Obesity, sex and ageing affect MA. Elevations of the three MA in obese, and of ADMA in elderly men, are related to increased protein turnover and to lesser insulin sensitivity of protein metabolism. These interrelationships might amplify insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction.
### Instruction: Is the value of onsite adequacy assessment of thyroid fine-needle aspirations a function of operator experience? ### Response:
The results of the current study demonstrate that onsite adequacy assessment of thyroid FNAs significantly reduces the number of nondiagnostic aspirates. However, the benefit of onsite evaluation, at least for US-guided FNAs, depends on the experience of the radiologist. In the current study, experienced radiologists with a relatively low nondiagnostic rate did not benefit from onsite adequacy assessment. This finding confirms the importance of experience in the performance of FNA, but suggests that onsite adequacy assessment may assist the less experienced operator.
### Instruction: Is migraine with aura a risk factor for unprovoked seizures in children? ### Response:
Children with migraine with aura have a substantial increased risk to develop subsequent epilepsy. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that migraine with aura and migraine without aura may be different disorders.
### Instruction: Are substantia nigra tangles related to gait impairment in older persons? ### Response:
NFTs in the substantia nigra are associated with gait impairment in older persons with and without dementia.
### Instruction: Does beta-carotene supplementation attenuate cardiac remodeling induced by one-month tobacco-smoke exposure in rats? ### Response:
One-month tobacco-smoke exposure induces functional and morphological cardiac alterations and BC supplementation attenuates this ventricular remodeling process.
### Instruction: Is lung transplantation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a national cohort without obvious survival benefit? ### Response:
In COPD/emphysema, there was no obvious survival benefit from lung transplantation, which questions prolongation of life as the primary motivation for the procedure.
### Instruction: Does nitroglycerin reperfusion reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury in non-heart-beating donor lungs? ### Response:
Reperfusion of lungs with nitroglycerin may facilitate safe lung transplantation from NHBDs by reducing capillary leak after reperfusion.
### Instruction: Does spirituality predict outcome independently of expectancy following flower essence self-treatment? ### Response:
Our data are inconsistent with conventional explanations for the placebo effect. The mechanism underlying the placebo response is not fully understood.
### Instruction: Is combined use of noninvasive tests useful in the initial diagnostic approach to a child with suspected inflammatory bowel disease? ### Response:
The incorporation of noninvasive diagnostic tests into the initial diagnostic approach may avoid unnecessary invasive procedures and facilitate clinical decision-making when the diagnosis of IBD in children is initially uncertain.
### Instruction: Does metabolic syndrome negatively impact early patency of saphenous vein grafts? ### Response:
Metabolic syndrome seems to impact saphenous vein graft patency negatively in the relatively short term.
### Instruction: Does extracorporeal cardiac shock wave therapy ameliorate myocardial ischemia in patients with severe coronary artery disease? ### Response:
These results indicate that our extracorporeal cardiac shock wave therapy is an effective and non-invasive treatment for end-stage coronary artery disease, although further careful evaluation is needed.
### Instruction: Are women with a prior diagnosis of breast cancer at an increased risk for subsequent colorectal cancer? ### Response:
Women with a prior diagnosis of breast cancer are not at an increased risk of colorectal cancer; these women can follow average risk screening guidelines for colorectal cancer.
### Instruction: Does patellar taping change the amplitude of electromyographic activity of the vasti in a stair stepping task? ### Response:
The results of this study indicate that the positive clinical effects of medially directed therapeutic tape are not due to changes in EMG amplitude of the vasti muscle. Thus other effects such as changes in timing of contraction of the vasti are more likely candidates for the mechanism of efficacy.
### Instruction: Are high dose magnesium infusions associated with increased pressor requirements after carotid endarterectomy? ### Response:
There were no significant differences detected in the 1) percentage of patients requiring pressor support, 2) the duration of postoperative pressor support, or 3) the amount of phenylephrine support needed between controls and magnesium treated patients. The percentage of patients requiring pressure support depended on the minimum systolic blood pressure ordered after surgery.
### Instruction: Do radiographic characteristics fail to predict clinical course after subdural electrode placement? ### Response:
The conventional methods of midline shift and maximal thickness for assessing EAC size did not adequately differentiate symptomatic and asymptomatic subdural electrode patients with EACs. Although total volume calculation using digital planimetric analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference, we found no clear threshold volume that correlated with clinical course. Therefore, the appearance of EACs on CT scans is of limited use in predicting the development of symptoms and possible postoperative complications after subdural grid placement. Clinical judgment must guide management and determine the potential need for reoperation.
### Instruction: Does aPOA5 variant Ser19Trp influence a decrease of the total cholesterol in a male 8 year cohort? ### Response:
Ser19 > Trp variant in the APOA5 gene may play an important role in an individual's sensitivity to dietary composition.
### Instruction: Does statistical voxel-wise analysis of ictal SPECT reveal pattern of abnormal perfusion in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy? ### Response:
In a group analysis of ictal BSI of patients with TLE, voxel-wise analysis detects a network of distant regions of perfusional alteration which may play active role in seizure genesis and propagation.
### Instruction: Does deficiency of the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter gene lead to cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy in mice? ### Response:
The present results establish a link between 5-HTT and the development of cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy in vivo. 5-HTT-KO mice represent an especially relevant model for studying the mechanisms by which 5-HT induces valvulopathy.
### Instruction: Is nuchal cord associated with adverse perinatal outcome? ### Response:
Nuchal cord is not associated with adverse perinatal outcome. Thus, labor induction in such cases is probably unnecessary.
### Instruction: Is closure of the arteriotomy after carotid endarterectomy : patch type related to intraoperative microemboli and restenosis rate? ### Response:
Microemboli are more prevalent during clamp releases and wound closure when Dacron patches are used. Additionally, the observed differences in embolization noted by patch type were mainly evident in women. However, the use of Dacron patches was not related to immediate ischemic cerebral events but was associated with a higher restenosis rate compared with venous patch closure. This suggests that venous patch closure may be preferred for CEA.
### Instruction: Does xenon provide short-term neuroprotection in neonatal rats when administered after hypoxia-ischemia? ### Response:
Three hours of xenon administration commenced after hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats provides short-term neuroprotection. This finding suggests that treatment with xenon after perinatal asphyxia would also be neuroprotective. Because xenon does not cause other neurotoxic effects and has demonstrated minimal side effects in extensive anesthesia studies, it would make an ideal candidate for the treatment after human perinatal hypoxia-ischemia.
### Instruction: Are heterozygous mutations in natriuretic peptide receptor-B ( NPR2 ) associated with short stature? ### Response:
We have shown that heterozygous mutations in NPR2 are associated with short stature. Assuming one in 700 people unknowingly carry an NPR2 mutation, our data suggest that approximately one in 30 individuals with idiopathic short stature are carriers of NPR2 mutations.
### Instruction: Does acetylsalicylic acid improve lipid-induced insulin resistance in healthy men? ### Response:
ASA pretreatment attenuated lipid-induced insulin resistance in healthy humans. This acute insulin-sensitizing effect of ASA was unrelated to changes of circulating inflammatory markers.
### Instruction: Is acquisition of chemoresistance following discontinuous exposures to cisplatin associated in ovarian carcinoma cells with progressive alteration of FAK , ERK and p38 activation in response to treatment? ### Response:
Our results suggested that emergence of chemoresistance was accompanied with the progressive loss of ERK and p38 activation and with the maintenance of FAK activation in response to cisplatin, and they demonstrated that these alterations were early events in the course of treatments.
### Instruction: Do total IgE levels change 1 year after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis? ### Response:
The levels of total serum IgE do not change after sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis. IgE levels in chronic rhinosinusitis may reflect a systemic factor in disease pathogenesis, and are probably not related to the amount of local inflammation within the sinuses.
### Instruction: Is failure of decidual arteriolar remodeling in the CBA/J x DBA/2 murine model of recurrent pregnancy loss linked to increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 ( TIMP-2 )? ### Response:
The expansive vascular remodeling of decidual vessels that is characteristic of normal murine pregnancy is attenuated significantly in the CBA/J x DBA/2 mating combination, which is known for its tendency to recurrent fetal resorption. This has been correlated with a relative overexpression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 protein in placentas of this strain combination and compared with normals.
### Instruction: Is the TRP2 allele of COL9A2 an age-dependent risk factor for the development and severity of intervertebral disc degeneration? ### Response:
This largest-ever population study using MRI to define DDD demonstrates for the first time that the Trp2 allele is a significant risk factor for the development and severity of degeneration. The association is age- dependent as it is more prevalent in some age groups than in others. The contrasting Trp allele frequencies between the Finns and the Chinese are the first indication that the genetic risk factors for DDD varies between ethnic groups.
### Instruction: Does severe bacteremia result in a loss of hepatic bacterial clearance? ### Response:
These observations suggest that hepatic bacterial clearance may be lost during the evolution of sepsis, resulting in a failure to control bacteremia. Thus, the capacity of the liver to clear bacteria is an important determinant of the outcome in sepsis.