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### Instruction: Does calmodulin kinase II inhibition limit the pro-arrhythmic Ca2+ waves induced by cAMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitors? ### Response:
Our results show that PDE inhibitors exert inotropic effects via PKA but lead to SCWs via both PKA and CaMKII activation partly via Epac2, suggesting the potential use of CaMKII inhibitors as adjuncts to PDE inhibition to limit their pro-arrhythmic effects.
### Instruction: Is vitamin D deficiency associated with prediabetes in obese Swedish children? ### Response:
Low vitamin D levels were common among obese adolescents living in Sweden and were strongly associated with age and associated with a higher risk of IFG.
### Instruction: Does fluoxetine-induced toxicity result in human placental glutathione S-transferase-π ( GST-π ) dysfunction? ### Response:
Although the Ki values obtained for FLU in vitro are high, due to their uneven distribution, long elimination time and inhibitory behavior on detoxification systems, it may cause defects in adults but these effects may be much more severe in fetus and result in congenital malformations.
### Instruction: Does virus-mediated EpoR76E gene therapy preserve vision in a glaucoma model by modulating neuroinflammation and decreasing oxidative stress? ### Response:
Treatment with rAAV.EpoR76E preserves vision in the DBA/2J model of glaucoma at least in part by decreasing infiltration of peripheral immune cells, modulating microglial reactivity, and decreasing oxidative stress.
### Instruction: Does preclinical Safety Assessment of Standardized Extract of Centella asiatica ( L. ) Urban leave? ### Response:
INDCA was found safe in AOT, sub-chronic toxicity, and mutagenicity studies when tested in rats.
### Instruction: Does terminalia Chebula attenuate DMBA/Croton Oil-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Swiss albino Mouse Skin? ### Response:
The findings of the present study suggest that the chemopreventive effect of TC is associated with upregulation of endogenous cytoprotective machinery and downregulation of inflammatory mediators (interleukin (IL)-6, COX-2, i-NOS, ODC, and NF-κB).
### Instruction: Do ambient Air Pollutants Have Adverse Effects on Insulin and Glucose Homeostasis in Mexican Americans? ### Response:
Exposure to ambient air pollutants adversely affects glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and blood lipid concentrations. Our findings suggest that ambient air pollutants may contribute to the pathophysiology in the development of T2D and related sequelae.
### Instruction: Does pTSD REMISSION AFTER PROLONGED EXPOSURE TREATMENT be ASSOCIATED WITH ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX THINNING AND VOLUME REDUCTION? ### Response:
These results, while in need of replication, suggest that PE treatment for PTSD, by extinguishing maladaptive trauma associations, may promote synaptic plasticity and structure change in rACC. Future research should explore possible underlying mechanisms.
### Instruction: Does molecular hydrogen alleviate motor deficits and muscle degeneration in mdx mice? ### Response:
Although molecular mechanisms of the diverse effects of hydrogen remain to be elucidated, hydrogen potentially improves muscular dystrophy in DMD patients.
### Instruction: Does age-Related Decline of Neutrophilic Inflammation be Associated with Better Postoperative Prognosis in Non-eosinophilic Nasal Polyps? ### Response:
Age-related decline in neutrophil inflammation may favorably affect postoperative results in elderly patients with NE-NP.
### Instruction: Does core muscle recruitment pattern during voluntary heel raise is different between patients with patellofemoral pain and healthy individuals? ### Response:
The findings demonstrate that muscular stabilization of spine is altered in the presence of PFP and suggest that treatment techniques aimed at improving core stability could be appropriate in the management of PFP.
### Instruction: Does gH response to intravenous clonidine challenge correlate with history of childhood trauma in personality disorder? ### Response:
Childhood trauma is positively correlated with GH response to clonidine challenge in adults with personality disorder. Enhanced rather that blunted GH response differentiates childhood trauma from previously identified negative predictors of GH response, such as anxiety or mood disorder.
### Instruction: Does miR-214 attenuate Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Targeting FGFR1? ### Response:
MiR-214 attenuates osteogenesis by inhibiting the FGFR1/FGF signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that targeting miR-214 promises to be a potential therapy in treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
### Instruction: Does tapered-cuff Endotracheal Tube Prevent Early Postoperative Pneumonia Compared with Spherical-cuff Endotracheal Tube after Major Vascular Surgery : A Randomized Controlled Trial? ### Response:
For major vascular surgery patients, polyvinyl chloride tapered-cuff endotracheal tubes with intermittent cuff-pressure control did not lower the early postoperative pneumonia frequency and did not prevent microaspiration.
### Instruction: Does intratympanic Iodine Contrast Injection diffuse Across the Round Window Membrane Allowing for Perilymphatic CT Volume Acquisition Imaging? ### Response:
Iohexol iodine contrast is able to diffuse across the RWM. Volume acquisition CT imaging was able to detect perilymphatic enhancement at 0.5-mm slice thickness. The clinical application of IBCA IT injection seems promising but requires further safety studies.
### Instruction: Is up-regulation of TDAG51 a dependent factor of LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages proliferation and cell cycle progression? ### Response:
These findings suggested that TDAG51 up-regulation is a dependent event during LPS-mediated proliferation and cell cycle progression, and which increase our understanding of the interaction mechanism between LPS and macrophages.
### Instruction: Does ruminococcus gnavus E1 modulate mucin expression and intestinal glycosylation? ### Response:
This study demonstrates for the first time that R. gnavus E1 possess the ability to modulate the glycosylation profile of the glyco-conjugate molecules and mucus in goblet cells.
### Instruction: Are diet , physical activity and mental health status associated with dysglycaemia in pregnancy : the Healthy Start Study? ### Response:
An increasing number of positive modifiable factors in pregnancy was associated with a dose-response reduction in risk of dysglycaemia. Our results support the hypothesis that modifiable factors in pregnancy are associated with the risk of prenatal dysglycaemia.
### Instruction: Are mutations in the Mitochondrial Citrate Carrier SLC25A1 Associated with Impaired Neuromuscular Transmission? ### Response:
Based on the axonal outgrowth defects seen in SLC25A1 knockdown zebrafish, we hypothesize that the neuromuscular junction impairment may be related to pre-synaptic nerve terminal abnormalities. Our findings highlight the complex machinery required to ensure efficient neuromuscular function, beyond the proteomes exclusive to the neuromuscular synapse.
### Instruction: Does more compression improve sealing effect on larger pulmonary arteries? ### Response:
With a higher compression force, we reached satisfactory bursting pressures in case of pulmonary arteries >7 mm. An additional 5 s of compression before starting coagulation brings a further significant increase in bursting pressure. However, there is no advantage in a longer compression.
### Instruction: Do prestroke Antiplatelet Agents in First-Time Ischemic Stroke Are Related to Subtypes? ### Response:
PAs were associated with specific index stroke subtypes.
### Instruction: Does methylene blue attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction of rat kidney during experimental acute pancreatitis? ### Response:
The disturbances of kidney mitochondrial energy metabolism in experimental model of severe AP can be ameliorated by MB administration.
### Instruction: Is plasma trimethylamine N-oxide concentration associated with choline , phospholipids , and methyl metabolism? ### Response:
High TMAO and choline concentrations are associated with an advanced cardiometabolic risk profile. Diabetes is related to higher plasma TMAO concentrations but also to alterations in interrelated pathways such as lipids, phospholipids, and methylation. Elevated plasma TMAO concentrations likely reflect a specific metabolic pattern characterized by low HDL and phospholipids in addition to hypomethylation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02586181 and NCT02588898.
### Instruction: Does tGF-beta1 regulate human brain pericyte inflammatory processes involved in neurovasculature function? ### Response:
TGFβ1 attenuated pericyte expression of key chemokines and adhesion molecules involved in CNS leukocyte trafficking and the modulation of microglial function, as well as reduced the phagocytic ability of pericytes. However, TGFβ1 also enhanced the expression of classical pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes which can disrupt BBB functioning, suggesting that pericytes adopt a phenotype which is neither solely pro- nor anti-inflammatory. Whilst the effects of pericyte modulation by TGFβ1 in vivo are difficult to infer, the reduction in pericyte proliferation together with the elevated IL-6, MMP-2 and NOX4 and reduced phagocytosis suggests a detrimental action of TGFβ1 on neurovasculature.
### Instruction: Is bloating associated with worse quality of life , treatment satisfaction , and treatment responsiveness among patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation? ### Response:
Our data suggest that patients regard bloating as a key element in assessing clinical changes and treatments' efficacy as this symptom exerts a strong influence on patient-reported outcomes independent of possible confounders and other symptoms of constipation. Our data provide the rationale to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of new treatments specifically addressing this important, yet disregarded, patients' complain.
### Instruction: Is fall Risk Black and White? ### Response:
Our findings suggest that the racial differences in fall rates may be largely due to confounding by individual-level and community-level characteristics.
### Instruction: Does baroreflex dysfunction in sick newborns make heart rate an unreliable surrogate for blood pressure changes? ### Response:
In these sick newborns, HR was an unreliable surrogate for MAP required for the detection of CPP. This is likely due to the prevalence of BRF failure in these infants.
### Instruction: Do galectin-3 Serum Levels Are Independently Associated With Microalbuminuria in Chronic Heart Failure Outpatients? ### Response:
Our findings indicate an independent association between Gal-3 levels and microalbuminuria, an early marker of altered renal function. This suggests the possible role of Gal-3 in the progression of cardiorenal syndrome in CHF outpatients.
### Instruction: Does single amino acid substitution Gly186Val in AdeS restore tigecycline susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii? ### Response:
Our result demonstrates that a critical amino acid substitution in AdeS alters the AdeABC efflux pump-mediated tigecycline resistance of A. baumannii.
### Instruction: Do aGEs trigger autophagy in diabetic skin tissues and fibroblasts? ### Response:
AGEs could induce autophagy at least in part via regulating the FOXO1 activity in diabetic skin tissues and fibroblasts.
### Instruction: Does early Remission be a Realistic Target in a Majority of Patients with DMARD-naive Rheumatoid Arthritis? ### Response:
Remarkably high remission rates are achievable in real-world DMARD-naive patients with RA or UA.
### Instruction: Does emulsified Isoflurane protect Against Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia Injury in Rats via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway? ### Response:
These findings suggest that EI pretreatment protects against ischemic brain injury via the inhibition of cerebral inflammation and is associated with the PI3K-Akt pathway in rats with MCAO. This drug may be a novel therapeutic agent for patients after stroke.
### Instruction: Does d-Serine in the nucleus accumbens region modulate behavioral sensitization and extinction of conditioned place preference? ### Response:
Our results provide evidence for a critical role of D-serine in synaptic plasticity relevant to cocaine addiction and indicate that D-serine may be an effective therapeutic agent for cocaine addiction.
### Instruction: Does optical Coherence Tomographic Elastography reveal Mesoscale Shear Strain Inhomogeneities in the Annulus Fibrosus? ### Response:
Results from this study demonstrate that the lamellar and ITL compartments of the AF distribute strain unevenly during tissue loading. Specifically, shear strain is significantly higher in the ITL matrix, suggesting that these regions may be more susceptible to tissue damage and more mechanobiologically active.
### Instruction: Does cephalometric Angular Measurements of the Mandible Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography scan in Koreans? ### Response:
These results provide an average of the mandibular angular measurements for the Korean population, establishing a standard for determining surgical patient groups and outcome evaluations in the field of mandible contour surgery.
### Instruction: Do analysis of 344 Hand Injuries in a Pediatric Population? ### Response:
This study provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology of hand injuries in the pediatric population.
### Instruction: Is online information for women and their families regarding reduced fetal movements of variable quality , readability and accountability? ### Response:
overall, there was wide variation in the quality of information regarding RFM on the Internet. However, the study identified four excellent websites on RFM that may be suitable sources of information for women. Women׳s uncertainty displayed in the chat forums may suggest that clearer, accessible guidance is needed if they experience RFM.
### Instruction: Is human endogenous retrovirus ( HERV ) expression induced by treatment with the histone deacetylase ( HDAC ) inhibitors in cellular models of HIV-1 latency? ### Response:
We show that HDAC inhibitors did not substantially increase the transcription of the analysed HERV env or pol genes, suggesting that histone acetylation is not crucial for controlling HERV expression in these experimental models and in ex vivo primary human T cells. Importantly, this indicates that unwanted HERV expression does not appear to be a barrier to the use of HDAC inhibitors in HIV-1 cure strategies.
### Instruction: Is amino Acid Metabolism Altered in Adolescents with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-An Untargeted , High Resolution Metabolomics Study? ### Response:
Metabolic pathways of several amino acids are significantly disturbed in adolescents with elevated hepatic steatosis. This is a novel finding and suggests that these pathways may be integral in the mechanisms of NAFLD.
### Instruction: Does polo-like Kinase Inhibitor Volasertib exhibit Antitumor Activity and Synergy with Vincristine in Pediatric Malignancies? ### Response:
These findings support the further exploration of volasertib for pediatric malignancies, particularly alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, and its combination with mitotic spindle poison.
### Instruction: Does hSV-1 Infection modulate the Radioresponse of a HPV16-positive Head and Neck Cancer Cell Line? ### Response:
HSV-1 infection modulates radioresistance of HPV16-positive hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells.
### Instruction: Does sTAT3/5-Dependent IL9 Overexpression contribute to Neoplastic Cell Survival in Mycosis Fungoides? ### Response:
Our results suggest that IL9 and its regulators are promising new targets for therapy development in mycosis fungoides. Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3328-39. ©2016 AACR.
### Instruction: Is familial dilated cardiomyopathy diagnosis commonly overlooked at the time of transplant listing? ### Response:
The diagnosis of FDCM was missed in the majority of patients with end stage heart failure enrolled in the UNOS database, as sampled from a large, tertiary care teaching hospital in the United States. Echocardiographic findings are unlikely to aid in the differentiation between DCM and FDCM. Detailed pedigree analysis can successfully identify undiagnosed FDCM and should be encouraged prior to transplant listing as it has important implications for early detection and treatment of disease in family members.
### Instruction: Are fGF-23 levels associated with vascular calcification , but not with atherosclerosis , in hemodialysis patients? ### Response:
In HD patients, plasma FGF-23 level is superior to phosphate in the prediction of coronary artery calcification. However, FGF-23 is not associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis in HD patients.
### Instruction: Does intraarticular hamstring graft diameter decrease with continuing knee growth after ACL reconstruction with open physes? ### Response:
Diameter size of hamstring graft in skeletally immature patients is smaller in most cases. If there is a decrease in the diameter of the graft along postoperative time, the risk of a re-rupture is theoretically further increased. Quadruple hamstring graft decreases a mean 25.3% in diameter from time of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery until reassessment period in skeletally immature patients.
### Instruction: Does research consent capacity vary with executive function and memory in Parkinson 's disease? ### Response:
These results extend our previous findings by demonstrating that memory and executive abilities appear closely associated with capacity when evaluated using either a structured interview or expert judgment of that interview.
### Instruction: Does sIRT6 Overexpression potentiate Apoptosis Evasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via BCL2-Associated X Protein-Dependent Apoptotic Pathway? ### Response:
SIRT6 is an important protumorigenic factor in liver carcinogenesis. Thus, the therapeutic targeting of SIRT6 may offer options for HCC treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3372-82. ©2016 AACR.
### Instruction: Does reduced Expression of SMAD4 be Associated with Poor Survival in Colon Cancer? ### Response:
We conclude that clonal loss of SMAD4 expression in adenomas, carcinomas, and liver metastases increases with disease progression. SMAD4 loss, and to a lesser extent weak expression, is strongly associated with poor survival regardless of stage. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 3037-47. ©2016 AACR.
### Instruction: Do heat shock protein complex vaccines induce antibodies against Neisseria meningitidis via a MyD88-independent mechanism? ### Response:
N. lactamica and N. meningitidis HSPC vaccines both have potential utility for immunising against neisserial meningitis without the requirement for an exogenous adjuvant. The mode of action of these vaccines is highly complex, with HSPCs inducing immune responses via both MyD88-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In particular, these HSPC vaccines induced an antibody response without detectable T cell help.
### Instruction: Do prophylaxis against heterotopic ossification after elbow and acetabular fractures - Do we really need it? ### Response:
No role of radiotherapy or indomethacin was detected in the prevention of heterotopic ossification.
### Instruction: Does prostate cancer-derived cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide facilitate macrophage differentiation and polarization of immature myeloid progenitors to protumorigenic macrophages? ### Response:
Altogether, the present study suggests that overexpressed CRAMP in prostate tumor initially chemoattracts IMPs to TME and mediates differentiation and polarization of early myeloid progenitors into protumorigenic M2 macrophages during PCa progression. Thus, selective downregulation of CRAMP in tumor cells in situ may benefit overcoming immunosuppressive mechanisms in PCa.
### Instruction: Does mechanical Stretch inhibit MicroRNA499 via p53 to Regulate Calcineurin-A Expression in Rat Cardiomyocytes? ### Response:
The miR499-controlled apoptotic pathway involving CnA and Drp1 in stretched cardiomyocytes may be regulated by p53 through the transcriptional regulation of miR499.
### Instruction: Are the D9N , N291S , and T495G Polymorphisms of the Lipoprotein Lipase Gene Associated with Cerebral Infarction? ### Response:
In the present study, the D9N, N291S, and T495G polymorphisms of the LPL gene were not risk factors for the development of CVD.
### Instruction: Does expression of microRNA-133 inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer cells by directly targeting FOXQ1? ### Response:
Our study is the first to identify miR-133 as a biomarker for lung cancer. It functions to down-regulate FOXQ1, and inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which antagonizes lung cancer tumorigenesis. Therefore our data support the role of miR-133 as a potential molecular therapeutic tool in treating lung cancer.
### Instruction: Does genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in multiple tissues in primary Sjögren 's syndrome reveal regulatory effects at interferon-induced genes? ### Response:
Our study highlights the role of epigenetic regulation of IFN-induced genes in pSS where replication is needed for novel findings. The association with altered gene expression suggests a functional mechanism for differentially methylated CpG sites in pSS aetiology.
### Instruction: Does mTOR inhibition decrease SOX2-SOX9 mediated glioma stem cell activity and temozolomide resistance? ### Response:
Our findings reveal SOX2-SOX9 as an oncogenic axis that regulates stem cell properties and chemoresistance. We identify that rapamycin abrogate SOX protein expression and provide evidence that a combination of rapamycin and temozolomide inhibits tumor growth in cells with high SOX2/SOX9.
### Instruction: Do young age and pathological features predict breast cancer outcome - report from a dual Institution experience in Serbia? ### Response:
Diagnosis of breast cancer at very young age (<30) was associated with increased risk of death and shorter DFS than women aged 31-35. Negative impact on survival was seen in patients with presence of LVI, negative HRs and higher grade and stage at the time of presentation.
### Instruction: Are erythropoietin receptor and tissue factor coexpressed in human breast cancer cells? ### Response:
EPO-R and TF expression and their coexpression in breast cancer cells suggest a possibility that EPO-R might be responsible for some adverse effects and reduced survival observed in ESAs-treated breast cancer patients with anemia, possibly due to the interaction with TF. Further experimental studies are warranted to determine the role of both EPO-R and TF in the treatment with ESAs of breast cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia.
### Instruction: Is activation of zebrafish Src family kinases by the prion protein an amyloid-β-sensitive signal that prevents the endocytosis and degradation of E-cadherin/β-catenin complexes in vivo? ### Response:
Our gain- and loss-of-function experiments in zebrafish suggest that PrP and SFKs enhance the cell surface stability of embryonic adherens junctions via the same complex mechanism through which they over-activate neuroreceptors that trigger synaptic damage. The profound impact of this pathway on early zebrafish development makes these embryos an ideal model to study the cellular and molecular events affected by neurotoxic PrP mutations and ligands in vivo. In particular, our finding that human Aβ oligomers activate the zebrafish PrP/SFK/E-cadherin pathway opens the possibility of using fish embryos to rapidly screen for novel therapeutic targets and compounds against prion- and Alzheimer's-related neurodegeneration. Altogether, our data illustrate PrP-dependent signals relevant to embryonic development, neuronal physiology and neurological disease.
### Instruction: Does polyphyllin VII induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and MAPK pathways? ### Response:
These results demonstrated that PP7 induced apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways by promoting the generation of mitochondrial-mediated ROS and activating MAPK and PTEN/p53 pathways.
### Instruction: Does hyperinflammation in patients with chronic granulomatous disease lead to impairment of hematopoietic stem cell functions? ### Response:
Persistent chronic inflammation in patients with CGD is associated with hematopoietic proliferative stress, leading to a decrease in the functional activity of HSCs. Our observations have clinical implications for the development of successful autologous cell therapy approaches.
### Instruction: Does sGK Kinase Activity in Multiple Myeloma Cells protect against ER Stress Apoptosis via a SEK-Dependent Mechanism? ### Response:
Enhanced SGK expression and activity in multiple myeloma cells contributes to resistance to ER stress, including bortezomib challenge.
### Instruction: Does a Comparison of Intravascular Imaging Modalities for Detection of Stent strut in Acute Coronary Syndrome? ### Response:
Stent struts are frequently buried and nondetectable due to thrombi burden in ACS patients. Adequate thrombus removal and proper selection of the imaging device is warranted in ACS.
### Instruction: Does recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase cause idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension? ### Response:
Our findings provide new insight into the mechanisms mediating inherited and acquired noncirrhotic portal hypertension, expand the phenotypic spectrum of DGUOK deficiency, and provide a new genetic test for a specific cause of idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension. (Hepatology 2016;63:1977-1986).
### Instruction: Does adipokine zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein as a novel urinary biomarker present earlier than microalbuminuria in diabetic nephropathy? ### Response:
These preliminary findings suggest that ZAG might be a potentially useful biomarker for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy in patients with T2DM.
### Instruction: Does frequent injection cocaine use increase the risk of renal impairment among hepatitis C and HIV coinfected patients? ### Response:
After accounting for HCV RNA, frequent and cumulative injection cocaine abuse was associated with CRI progression and should be taken into consideration when evaluating impaired renal function in HIV-HCV coinfection.
### Instruction: Is obstructive Sleep Apnea Associated with Higher Health Care Use after Colonoscopy under Conscious Sedation? ### Response:
The presence of obstructive sleep apnea was not associated with increased early hospital admissions, ICU admissions, or emergency room visits after colonoscopy with sedation.
### Instruction: Are postoperative plasma 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α levels associated with delirium and cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery? ### Response:
Postoperative plasma 8-iso-PGF2α levels may have the potential to predict POD and POCD in elder patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.
### Instruction: Is irisin Associated with Urotensin II and Protein Energy Wasting in Hemodialysis Patients? ### Response:
Our results are the first to provide the clinical evidence of the association among irisin, UII, and protein energy wasting. Our results hint that UII and protein energy wasting might inhibit the release or synthesis of irisin from skeletal muscles in HD patients.
### Instruction: Is vegetable intake associated with lower Frammingham risk scores in Korean men : Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey 2007-2009? ### Response:
The major results of this study indicate that higher vegetable intake may help prevent CHD in Korean men.
### Instruction: Is a multi-drug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium ST213 human-invasive strain ( 33676 ) containing the bla CMY-2 gene on an IncF plasmid attenuated for virulence in BALB/c mice? ### Response:
Strain 33676 showed two main features that differentiate it from the originally described ST213 strains: 1) the bla CMY-2 gene was not carried on the IncA/C plasmid, but on a conjugative IncF plasmid, which may open a new route of dissemination for this ESC-resistance gene, and 2) it expresses the H2 FljB flagella, in contrast with the other ST213 and most Typhimurium reference strains. To our knowledge this is the first report of an IncF bla CMY-2-carrying plasmid in Salmonella.
### Instruction: Does percutaneous biliary drainage effectively lower serum bilirubin to permit chemotherapy treatment? ### Response:
PBD of malignant obstruction achieves clinically relevant reduction in serum bilirubin in the majority of patients within 1-2 months, irrespective of the pre-drainage serum bilirubin, sufficient to allow administration of systemic chemotherapy. However, the decision to undergo this procedure for this indication alone must be considered in the context of patients' prognosis and treatment goals.
### Instruction: Does sequestration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ( VEGF ) induce Late Restrictive Lung Disease? ### Response:
These data show that mesenchyme-specific inhibition of VEGF in neonatal mice results in late restrictive disease, making this transgenic mouse a novel model for future investigations on the consequences of neonatal RDS and potential interventions.
### Instruction: Does audiovisual Biofeedback improve Cine-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measured Lung Tumor Motion Consistency? ### Response:
These results demonstrated that AV biofeedback significantly improved intra- and interfraction lung tumor motion consistency for lung cancer patients. These results demonstrate that AV biofeedback can facilitate consistent tumor motion, which is advantageous toward achieving more accurate medical imaging and radiation therapy procedures.
### Instruction: Is a New Radiographic Classification System for Developmental Hip Dysplasia Reliable and Predictive of Successful Closed Reduction and Late Pelvic Osteotomy? ### Response:
The IHDI classification is subjectively more facile to use and has excellent interrelater agreement for classifying the radiographic severity of DDH. It is also reliable in predicting success of closed reduction and need for late pelvic osteotomy.
### Instruction: Do the pro-inflammatory effects of miR-155 promote liver fibrosis and alcohol-induced steatohepatitis? ### Response:
Collectively our results demonstrated the role of miR-155 in alcohol-induced steatohepatitis and fibrosis in vivo.
### Instruction: Does novel pre-mRNA splicing of intronically integrated HBV generate oncogenic chimera in hepatocellular carcinoma? ### Response:
A pre-mRNA splicing mechanism is involved in the formation of HBV-human chimeric proteins. This represents a novel and possibly common mechanism underlying the formation of HBV-human chimeric transcripts from intronically integrated HBV genome with functional impact.
### Instruction: Does thirty-minutes ' exposure to smartphone call trigger neutrophil activation in vitro? ### Response:
The results of this study show that exposure to smartphone RF waves triggers activation of neutrophils in vitro, as mirrored by the significant variations observed in many activation parameters in Advia 2120.
### Instruction: Does visual identification of coronary calcifications on attenuation correction CT improve diagnostic accuracy of SPECT/CT myocardial perfusion imaging? ### Response:
Visual assessment of CAC on CTAC should be performed during SPECT/CT MPI because it affects diagnostic certainty and may improve risk stratification.
### Instruction: Are cD10-positive myoepithelial cells usually prominent around in situ lobular neoplasia of the breast and much less prominent or absent in DCIS? ### Response:
There is a distinct relationship between the type and grade of in situ neoplasia of the breast and the surrounding CD10-positive myoepithelial cells, suggesting the presence of a 'cross talk' between the two elements.
### Instruction: Does imaging mass spectrometry detect dynamic changes of phosphatidylcholine in rat hippocampal CA1 after transient global ischemia? ### Response:
Histopathology and IMS can provide comprehensive and complementary information on cell death mechanisms in the hippocampal CA1 after global ischemia. IMS provided novel data on molecular changes in phospholipids immediately after TGI. Increased level of PC (diacyl-16:0/22:6) in the pyramidal cell layer of hippocampal CA1 prior to the histopathological change may represent an early step in delayed neuronal death mechanisms.
### Instruction: Does foxo3 circular RNA promote cardiac senescence by modulating multiple factors associated with stress and senescence responses? ### Response:
We conclude that ID-1, E2F1, FAK, and HIF1α interact with circ-Foxo3 and are retained in the cytoplasm and could no longer exert their anti-senescent and anti-stress roles, resulting in increased cellular senescence.
### Instruction: Does variant of PBX2 gene in the 6p21.3 asthma susceptibility locus is associate with allergic rhinitis in Chinese subjects? ### Response:
These results suggest that the PBX2 gene in the 6p21.3 asthma susceptibility locus may be associated with increased risk for both AR and asthma in Chinese subjects.
### Instruction: Do body Composition Changes in Adult Females after Lifestyle Intervention Are Influenced by the NYD-SP18 Variant? ### Response:
Overweight/obese female carriers of the NYD-SP18 rs6971091 GG genotype exhibited a more beneficial response to the intensive lifestyle intervention than others.
### Instruction: Is a history of preeclampsia associated with a risk for coronary artery calcification 3 decades later? ### Response:
In this first prospective cohort study with confirmation of preeclampsia by medical record review, a history of preeclampsia is associated with an increased risk of CAC >30 years after affected pregnancies, even after controlling individually for traditional risk factors. A history of preeclampsia should be considered in risk assessment when initiating primary prevention strategies to reduce cardiovascular disease in women. Among women with histories of preeclampsia, the presence of CAC may be able to identify those at a particularly high cardiovascular risk, and should be the subject of future studies.
### Instruction: Is combination of non-ablative fractional photothermolysis and 0.1 % tacrolimus ointment efficacious for treating idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis? ### Response:
Fractional 1550-nm ytterbium/erbium fiber laser combined with topical 0.1% tacrolimus ointment was effective for IGH.
### Instruction: Do beneficial effects of silver foam dressing on healing of wounds with ulcers and infection control of burn patients? ### Response:
Silver foam dressing rapidly, easily and safely resisted wound bacteria, promoted wound healing and shortened recovery time, effectively relieving the pain of patients.
### Instruction: Are in sickness and in health : classmates highly motivated to provide in-hospital support during childhood cancer therapy? ### Response:
Classmates are highly motivated to support patients during serious illness, irrespective of pre-existing friendships. Ambassadors offer a novel in-hospital approach to promote rehabilitation in children with severe/chronic diseases. Results need validation in other settings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
### Instruction: Does a Single Protein Kinase A or Calmodulin Kinase II Site Control the Cardiac Pacemaker Ca2+ Clock? ### Response:
SR Ca(2+) depletion reduces HR and SR Ca(2+) repletion restores physiological SANC rate responses, despite CaMKII inhibition. PKA and CaMKII do not affect HR by a unique target site governing SR Ca(2+) uptake or release. HR acceleration may require an SR Ca(2+) content threshold.
### Instruction: Do age and muscle strength mediate the age-related biomechanical plasticity of gait? ### Response:
Age and leg strength both contribute to the age-related changes in mechanical output during gait. Exercise prescription, normally targeting the knee extensors, should also involve ankle and hip muscles.
### Instruction: Are antimicrobial effects of commensal oral species regulated by environmental factors? ### Response:
Bacterial antagonism is species specific and depending on experimental as well as environmental conditions. Blocking hydrogen peroxide production neutralizes the inhibitory effect.
### Instruction: Do cHORIORETINAL BIOPSY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOGENOUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS DUE TO ESCHERICHIA COLI? ### Response:
Endogenous E. coli endophthalmitis is a rare and aggressive condition usually seen in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes with concurrent urinary tract infection. This case demonstrates chorioretinal biopsy to be a viable and effective method of establishing a firm microbiological diagnosis in cases of culture-negative endophthalmitis.
### Instruction: Does graph theoretical analysis reveal the reorganization of the brain network pattern in primary open angle glaucoma patients? ### Response:
Although the efficiency of functional communication is preserved in the brain network of the glaucoma at the global level, the efficiency of functional communication is altered in some specialized regions of the glaucoma.
### Instruction: Do breast cancer stem cells phenotype and plasma cell-predominant breast cancer independently indicate poor survival? ### Response:
The BCSCs phenotype and PPBC may be helpful stratified factors in future clinical trials. The underlying mechanism needs further research.
### Instruction: Does proximal Roux-en-y Gastrojejunal Anastomosis with Pyloric Ring Resection improve Gastric Emptying After Pancreaticoduodenectomy? ### Response:
Our new reconstruction technique reduces the occurrence of DGE after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
### Instruction: Does atp13a2 Deficiency aggravate Astrocyte-Mediated Neuroinflammation via NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation? ### Response:
Our results have revealed a novel role of ATP13A2 in modulating astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation via NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thus bringing to light of a direct link between astrocyte lysosome and neuroinflammation in the pathological model of PD.
### Instruction: Do the Military Health Care System May Have the Potential to Prevent Health Care Disparities? ### Response:
In a health equity system of care such as the military health care system, active duty soldiers and their family members did not experience disparities in access to care or in important health outcomes of patient satisfaction, physical health status, or mental health status.
### Instruction: Does reduction in radiation doses from paediatric CT scan in Great Britain? ### Response:
We found that mAs for head and trunk CTs was approximately halved starting around 1990, and age-specific mAs was generally used for paediatric scans after this date. These changes will have substantially reduced the radiation exposure to children from CT scans in Great Britain.
### Instruction: Does automation of a Nile red staining assay enable high throughput quantification of microalgal lipid production? ### Response:
The newly established assay proved to be applicable for absolute quantification of algal lipids avoiding limitations of currently established protocols, namely biomass adjustment and limited throughput. Automation was shown to improve data reliability, as well as experimental throughput simultaneously minimizing the needed hands-on-time to a third. Thereby, the presented protocol meets the demands for the analysis of samples generated by the upcoming generation of devices for higher throughput phototrophic cultivation and thereby contributes to boosting the time efficiency for setting up algae lipid production processes.
### Instruction: Is the protective effect of epicatechin on experimental ulcerative colitis in mice mediated by increasing antioxidation and by the inhibition of NF-κB pathway? ### Response:
Epicatechin has inhibitory effect on DSS-induced acute UC. This effect is mainly due to its antioxidant effect and the inhibition of inflammatory molecules related to NF-κB pathway.