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### Instruction: Does miR-21 promote fibrosis in an acute cardiac allograft transplantation model? ### Response:
Thus, inhibition of miR-21 is a novel strategy to target fibrosis development in cardiac allografts.
### Instruction: Is gastroesophageal reflux disease with proton pump inhibitor use associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis : a nationwide population-based analysis? ### Response:
GERD with PPI use is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. The findings of our study do not support an increased risk of hip fracture in GERD patients treated with a PPI.
### Instruction: Are bile ductal injury and ductular reaction frequent phenomena with different significance in autoimmune hepatitis? ### Response:
Bile duct injury and ductular reaction are very common in newly diagnosed autoimmune hepatitis and cannot be predicted biochemically. Bile duct injury may subside in the majority of treated AIH cases while DR tends to persist during follow up. These findings show that the two phenomena are part of the spectrum of AIH with dissimilar responses to treatment and do not necessarily point towards an overlap syndrome. Persistence of ductular reaction after treatment supports the notion that it represents a regenerative response.
### Instruction: Does short-term high salt intake reduce brachial artery and microvascular function in the absence of changes in blood pressure? ### Response:
These data suggest that high salt intake reduces brachial artery endothelial function and switches the mediator of vasodilation in the microcirculation to a non-nitric oxide-dependent mechanism in healthy adults and acute exercise may switch the dilator mechanism back to nitric oxide during high salt diet.
### Instruction: Does loss of SFRP1 Expression be Associated with Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma? ### Response:
SFRP1 may play a role in the development and progression of HCC. Therefore, more studies are required to investigate a potential role of SFRP1 in HCC prognosis.
### Instruction: Does expression of the Extracellular Matrix Protein Tenascin-C vary During Lactation? ### Response:
The inverse correlation with TGFβ2 in wean milk suggests a possible interaction during breast involution, which should be further investigated.
### Instruction: Do procoagulant microparticles promote coagulation in a factor XI-dependent manner in human endotoxemia? ### Response:
Background Human endotoxemia is characterized by acute inflammation and activation of coagulation, as well as increased numbers of circulating microparticles (MPs). Whether these MPs directly promote coagulation and through which pathway their actions are mediated, however, has not been fully explored. Objectives In this study, we aimed to further characterize endotoxin-induced MPs and their procoagulant properties using several approaches. Methods Enumeration and characterization of MPs were performed using a new-generation flow cytometer. Relative contributions of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in MP-mediated procoagulant activity were assessed using plasmas deficient in factor (F) VII or FXI or with blocking antibodies to tissue factor (TF) or FXIa. Results Total MPs and platelet MPs were significantly elevated in plasma at 6 h after infusion of endotoxin in healthy human subjects. MPs isolated from plasma following endotoxin infusion also demonstrated increased TF activity in a reconstituted buffer system. When added to recalcified platelet-poor plasma, these MPs also promoted coagulation, as judged by a decreased clotting time with shortening of the lag time and time to peak thrombin using calibrated automated thrombography (CAT). However, the use of FVII-deficient plasma or blocking antibody to TF did not inhibit these procoagulant effects. In contrast, plasma clotting time was prolonged in FXI-deficient plasma and a blocking antibody to FXIa inhibited all MP-mediated parameters in the CAT assay. Conclusions The initiation of coagulation by cellular TF in endotoxemia is in contrast to (and presumably complemented by) the intrinsic pathway-mediated procoagulant effects of circulating MPs.
### Instruction: Does blind Compressed Sensing enable 3-Dimensional Dynamic Free Breathing Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Lung Volumes and Diaphragm Motion? ### Response:
The feasibility of the BCS scheme was demonstrated for dynamic 3D free breathing MRI of lung volumes and diaphragm motion. A temporal resolution of ∼500 milliseconds, spatial resolution of 2.7 × 2.7 × 10 mm, with whole lung coverage (16 slices) was achieved using the BCS scheme.
### Instruction: Does fructose consumption induce hypomethylation of hepatic mitochondrial DNA in rats? ### Response:
We showed that fructose consumption stimulates hepatic mtDNA-encoded gene expression. This phenomenon might be due to epigenetic changes in mtDNA. Fructose-induced mitochondrial epigenetic changes appear to be a novel mechanism underlying the pathology of MetS and NAFLD.
### Instruction: Do integrated intracellular metabolic profiling and pathway analysis approaches reveal complex metabolic regulation by Clostridium acetobutylicum? ### Response:
The feeding experiment confirmed that metabolic profiling combined with pathway analysis provided an accurate, reasonable and practical approach to explore the cellular metabolic activity and supplied a basis for improving butanol production. These strategies can also be extended for the production of other important bio-chemical compounds.
### Instruction: Is capsule endoscopy useful diagnostic tool for diagnosing Meckel 's diverticulum? ### Response:
MD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obscure GIB in adults. CE is an effective and promising modality for diagnosing MD in patients with obscure GIB.
### Instruction: Are progression of radiographic joint damage in different eras : trends towards milder disease in rheumatoid arthritis attributable to improved treatment? ### Response:
These results suggest that the observed trend towards milder disease in rheumatoid arthritis is attributable to more effective antirheumatic treatment and not to a secular trend.
### Instruction: Is citrullination an inflammation-dependent process? ### Response:
Citrullination is present in a wide range of inflammatory tissues, suggesting that this process is inflammation dependent rather than disease dependent.
### Instruction: Does chronic administration of anabolic androgenic steroid alter murine thyroid function? ### Response:
Our data indicate that DECA exerts direct actions on the thyroid gland and in the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones and might lead to thyroid dysfunction.
### Instruction: Are clinical Experiences Predictive of Outcomes on the NATABOC Examination? ### Response:
Gaining clinical experience hours in excess of 400 hours beyond the 800-or 1500-hour requirement may yield no greater benefit for an entry-level professional than less time. The quality, rather than the quantity, of clinical experiences should be evaluated. More emphasis should be placed on the achievement of an entry level of clinical competency, rather than on total hour collection. Also, because high-risk sport experiences did not predict outcomes on the NATABOC examination, the emphasis of clinical education should be on students' receiving a more structured clinical experience, in which they are progressively required to assume greater responsibilities integrating both cognitive and psychomotor skills, while working under the supervision of a certified athletic trainer.
### Instruction: Do external nasal dilator strips affect treadmill performance in subjects wearing mouthguards? ### Response:
Our results suggest that the BR nasal dilator strip does not affect treadmill exercise performance in subjects wearing mouthguards.
### Instruction: Does 12/15 lipoxygenase mediate monocyte adhesion to aortic endothelium in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice through activation of RhoA and NF-kappaB? ### Response:
We conclude that 12/15LO products activate endothelial rhoA and PKCalpha. Activation of rhoA and PKCalpha cause activation and translocation of NF-kappaB to the nucleus, which, in turn, results in induction of ICAM-1. Induction of ICAM-1 on aortic endothelium stimulates monocyte:endothelial adhesion in vivo in apoEKO mice.
### Instruction: Are renin-angiotensin system-regulating aminopeptidase activities modified in the pineal gland of rats with breast cancer induced by N-methyl-nitrosourea? ### Response:
We propose that the local RAS in pineal gland is modified in rats with breast cancer induced by NMU through the inhibition of AspAP activity, which may lead to increased levels of Ang II. Ang II could be responsible of the overproduction of melatonin, supporting a mechanism to restrain the promotion and/or progression of breast cancer.
### Instruction: Do computer-assisted algorithms improve reliability of King classification and Cobb angle measurement of scoliosis? ### Response:
Variability of Cobb measurements compares favorably with previously published series. The classification was more reliable than achieved by unassisted observers evaluating the same radiographs. The same principles may be applicable to other radiographic measurement and evaluation procedures.
### Instruction: Are differences in sitting postures associated with nonspecific chronic low back pain disorders when patients are subclassified? ### Response:
Differences in usual sitting posture were only revealed when NS-CLBP patients were subclassified. This highlights the importance of subclassifying NS-CLBP patients.
### Instruction: Do worker recovery expectations and fear-avoidance predict work disability in a population-based workers ' compensation back pain sample? ### Response:
Among individuals with acute work-related back pain, high pain and disability, low recovery expectations, and fears that work may increase pain or cause harm are risk factors for chronic work disability.
### Instruction: Are serum concentrations of two biochemical markers of brain tissue damage S-100B and neurone specific enolase increased in elite female soccer players after a competitive game? ### Response:
The concentrations of both S-100B and NSE were increased by game associated activities and events. The increases in S-100B concentration were significantly related to the number of headers and other trauma events, which indicates that both these factors may have contributed to these increases.
### Instruction: Is diet quality directly associated with quality of life in breast cancer survivors? ### Response:
Post-diagnosis diet quality is directly associated with subsequent mental and physical functioning in breast cancer survivors. This association is stronger for mental functioning than for physical functioning. The association remains strong after control for potential confounding variables.
### Instruction: Is [ The monolingual Sámi population less satisfied with the primary health care ]? ### Response:
These results indicated that physicians' knowledge of the Sámi language is important for patient satisfaction in this region.
### Instruction: Does gender and acculturation influence on physical activity in Latino adults? ### Response:
These results suggest that gender differences in physical activity are present among Latinos and that acculturation may be a correlate of various types of physical activity.
### Instruction: Are patients with a favourable prognosis equally palliated with single and multiple fraction radiotherapy : results on survival in the Dutch Bone Metastasis Study? ### Response:
Single fraction radiotherapy should be the standard dose schedule for all patients with painful bone metastases, including patients with an expected favourable survival. General prognosticators as the Karnofsky Performance Score and metastatic tumour load are useful in predicting survival.
### Instruction: Is high quality acute care for the severely injured consistently available in England , Wales and Northern Ireland : report of a survey by the Trauma Committee , The Royal College of Surgeons of England? ### Response:
The findings of this survey suggest that high quality care for the severely injured is not available consistently across England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and appear to justify concerns about the ability of the NHS to deal effectively with the current trauma workload and the consequences of a major incident.
### Instruction: Is [ Diseases and illnesses for which help sought from traditional healers in Mexico City ]? ### Response:
The information analyzed in this paper indicates that diverse reasons exist which explain not only the survival of traditional medicine, but also its importance in present life,where science and technology have obtained outstanding results, but biomedical medicine has forgotten the complexity of daily human life and the importance of personal attention, compassion, understanding, empathy and the use of the symbolic world to solve the conflicts and health problems characteristic to humanity.
### Instruction: Does computer-assisted analysis of biopsy specimen microvessels predict the outcome of esophageal cancers treated with chemoradiotherapy? ### Response:
Computer-assisted tumor microvessel analysis is a powerful tool in predicting the outcome for patients with esophageal cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy because intraobserver and interobserver variability is minimized.
### Instruction: Does neosquamous epithelium typically arise from Barrett 's epithelium? ### Response:
Our mutational data support the hypothesis that, in most circumstances, NSE originates in cells different from those responsible for self-renewal of Barrett's epithelium. However, in one case, NSE and Barrett's epithelium seem to have arisen from a progenitor cell that was capable of differentiating into either intestinal metaplasia or NSE.
### Instruction: Does the rectal administration of lignocaine gel and periprostatic lignocaine infiltration during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy provide effective analgesia? ### Response:
The use of lignocaine gel prior to probe insertion and periprostatic infiltration of lignocaine before taking the needle biopsy significantly reduces the pain experienced by the patient during TRUS-guided prostate biopsy.
### Instruction: Are lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction highly prevalent in ageing men? ### Response:
There was a close correlation between the IPSS and SHIM in this unselected population of men, adding evidence favouring a close association between LUTS and ED.
### Instruction: Does novel two-stage screening procedure lead to the identification of a new class of transfection enhancers? ### Response:
Non-viral gene transfer efficiency can be increased significantly using new transfection enhancers that are identified by a novel, semi-automated two-stage screening system employing yeast cells in the first and specific human target cells in the second round.
### Instruction: Do immune responses to AAV in a phase I study for Canavan disease? ### Response:
rAAV2 vector administration to the human CNS appears well tolerated. The low levels of immune response to AAV2 detected in 3/10 subjects in this study suggest at this dose and with intraparenchymal administration this approach is relatively safe. Long-term monitoring of subjects and expansion to phase II/III will be necessary in order to make definitive statements on safety and efficacy.
### Instruction: Does phenotype-stratified genetic linkage study demonstrate that IBD2 is an extensive ulcerative colitis locus? ### Response:
Analyses incorporating disease location in IBD increase the power and enhance the accuracy of genomic localization. Our data provide strong evidence that extensive ulcerative colitis represents a pathophysiologic subset of IBD.
### Instruction: Does rib torque assist resting tidal expiration or most conversational speech expiration? ### Response:
An alternate conceptualization is offered that is consistent with knowledge from respiratory biomechanics.
### Instruction: Are circulating levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 elevated in human obese subjects and associated with obesity-related parameters? ### Response:
Our data demonstrated that the circulating levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 are related to obesity-related parameters such as BMI, waist circumference, CRP, IL-6, HOMA and HDL-cholesterol. These findings suggest that the circulating MCP-1 and/or IL-8 may be a potential candidate linking obesity with obesity-related metabolic complications such as atherosclerosis and diabetes.
### Instruction: Does hyperoxic ventilation increase the tolerance of acute normovolemic anemia in anesthetized pigs? ### Response:
During cell-free volume replacement, hyperoxic ventilation with Fio2 0.6 generates a readily usable plasmatic oxygen reserve and thereby increases the tolerance toward acute normovolemic anemia.
### Instruction: Do combined burn and smoke inhalation injury impairs ovine hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction? ### Response:
This study provides evidence for a severe impairment of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction following combined burn and smoke inhalation injury. In addition to airway obstruction, the loss of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction may help to explain why blood gases are within physiologic ranges for a certain time postinjury and then suddenly deteriorate.
### Instruction: Does passive leg raising predict fluid responsiveness in the critically ill? ### Response:
The changes in aortic blood flow induced by PLR predict preload responsiveness in ventilated patients, whereas with arrhythmias and spontaneous breathing activity, respiratory variations of arterial pulse pressure poorly predict preload responsiveness.
### Instruction: Does mRS show abnormalities before symptoms in familial Alzheimer disease? ### Response:
Metabolic changes are detectable in presymptomatic mutation carriers years before expected onset of Alzheimer disease. Their magnitude is related to proximity of expected age at onset.
### Instruction: Do radiologic estimation of hematoma volume in intracerebral hemorrhage trial by CT scan? ### Response:
These CT assessments of lesions could have value in future early hemostatic interventions in ICH patients.
### Instruction: Is psoriasis associated with lipid abnormalities at the onset of skin disease? ### Response:
The response rate among control subjects was low. However, an additional analysis of a random subset of nonresponders demonstrated no substantial differences in the main results.
### Instruction: Does pulsed ultrasound fail to diminish delayed-onset muscle soreness symptoms? ### Response:
Pulsed ultrasound as used in this study did not significantly diminish the effects of delayed-onset muscle soreness on soreness perception, swelling, relaxed-elbow extension angle, and strength.
### Instruction: Does contrast therapy cause fluctuations in human gastrocnemius intramuscular temperature? ### Response:
Contrast therapy did not lead to significant fluctuations in muscle tissue temperature at 4 cm below the skin's surface. Therefore, it seems unlikely that the physiologic effects attributed to these fluctuations occur. A 1-minute exposure to a cold whirlpool during a typical contrast treatment does not appear to be long enough to significantly decrease tissue temperature after exposure to the warm hydrotherapy environment.
### Instruction: Is allopregnanolone , a progesterone metabolite , more effective than progesterone in reducing cortical infarct volume after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion? ### Response:
Although progesterone and allopregnanolone are effective in reducing infarct pathology, allopregnanolone is more potent than progesterone in attenuating cortical damage. Our results suggest that both neurosteroids should be examined for safety and efficacy in a clinical trial for ischemic stroke.
### Instruction: Is biofeedback superior to laxatives for normal transit constipation due to pelvic floor dyssynergia? ### Response:
Five biofeedback sessions are more effective than continuous polyethylene glycol for treating PFD, and benefits last at least 2 years. Biofeedback should become the treatment of choice for this common and easily diagnosed type of constipation.
### Instruction: Do mid-aged and aged wild-type and progestin receptor knockout ( PRKO ) mice demonstrate rapid progesterone and 3alpha,5alpha-THP-facilitated lordosis? ### Response:
Mid-aged and aged PRKO and wild-type mice demonstrated rapid P or 3alpha,5alpha-THP-facilitated lordosis that may be, in part, independent of activity at PRs.
### Instruction: Is bRAF a therapeutic target in aggressive thyroid carcinoma? ### Response:
BRAF provides signals crucial for proliferation of thyroid carcinoma cells spontaneously harboring the (V600E)BRAF mutation and, therefore, BRAF suppression might have therapeutic potential in (V600E)BRAF-positive thyroid cancer.
### Instruction: Is stomatin-like protein 2 overexpressed in cancer and involved in regulating cell growth and cell adhesion in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma? ### Response:
SLP-2 was first identified as a novel cancer-related gene overexpressed in human ESCC, lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, and endometrial adenocarcinoma. Decreased cell growth, cell adhesion, and tumorigenesis in the antisense transfectants revealed that SLP-2 may be important in tumorigenesis.
### Instruction: Are oxysterols increased in plasma of end-stage renal disease patients? ### Response:
Due to oxidative stress which is known as a typical sign of chronic renal failure the plasma concentrations of oxysterols are also significantly increased in comparison to healthy controls. This underlines the data on accelerated lipid peroxidation in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Accumulated oxysterols which are accused of exerting atherosclerosis-stimulating effects, which can contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk of ESRD patients, could either induce atherosclerosis via signaling or chronic effects. Direct chemical reactions stimulating plaque formation can be excluded because of the low levels of oxysterols. The share of oxysterols within the total cholesterol ranges from 4 to 15 per thousand.
### Instruction: Is oxidative stress in renal anemia of hemodialysis patients mitigated by epoetin treatment? ### Response:
Chronic renal failure is connected with oxidative stress which correlates with the degree of renal anemia, and the serum levels of aldehydic LPO products could be reduced during correction of renal anemia by epoetin.
### Instruction: Does comparative study of the ThinPrep Pap test and conventional cytology result in a Canadian cohort? ### Response:
In this population, ThinPrep was superior to the conventional Pap test.
### Instruction: Does deficiency of beta1 integrins result in increased myocardial dysfunction after myocardial infarction? ### Response:
beta1 integrins are crucial in post-MI remodelling with effects on LV function, hypertrophy and apoptosis.
### Instruction: Does thalidomide attenuate the development of fibrosis during post-infarction myocardial remodelling in rats? ### Response:
Although thalidomide had no effect on cardiac function, our results suggest that intervention with thalidomide may have beneficial effects in post-MI HF by attenuating collagen accumulation and development of myocardial fibrosis.
### Instruction: Does [ Cytotoxicity evaluation of different eyes drop with cyclosporine oral solution ( Sandimmun ) ]? ### Response:
These results helped the Pharmacy unit choose the vehicles for a safe cyclosporine eye drop formulation and thus decrease the side effects of cyclosporine eye drop instillation with a decrease in ethanol concentration compared to published formulations.
### Instruction: Is hypercapnia during the first 3 days of life associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants? ### Response:
In addition to traditional risk factors, it appears maximum PaCO(2) is a dose-dependent predictor of severe IVH during the permissive hypercapnia era.
### Instruction: Is a functional PTPN22 polymorphism associated with several autoimmune diseases associated with IgA deficiency in the Spanish population? ### Response:
The result obtained seems to reinforce the consideration of IgA deficiency as a primary immunodeficiency rather than an autoimmune disease.
### Instruction: Do multicistronic lentiviral vectors containing the FMDV 2A cleavage factor demonstrate robust expression of encoded genes at limiting MOI? ### Response:
The small and efficient 2A sequence can be used alone or in combination with an IRES for the construction of multicistronic lentiviral vectors which can express encoded transgenes at functionally relevant levels in cells containing an average of one pro-viral insert.
### Instruction: Is expression of IL-8 during reperfusion of renal allografts dependent on ischemic time? ### Response:
The expression of chemokines directing neutrophil and macrophage recruitment increases during reperfusion of living and cadaveric donor renal allografts. Expression levels of IL-8 correlate with the ischemic time imposed on the renal graft. Early tissue injury may be attenuated by strategies antagonizing chemokines directing the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages into kidney grafts.
### Instruction: Is epigenetic silencing of interferon-inducible genes implicated in interferon resistance of hepatitis C virus replicon-harboring cells? ### Response:
The present results suggest that the epigenetic silencing of IFN-stimulated genes is implicated in the acquisition of a partially IFN-resistant phenotype of HCV replicon-harboring cells.
### Instruction: Is increased phosphodiesterase-5 expression involved in the decreased vasodilator response to nitric oxide in cirrhotic rat livers? ### Response:
Increased PDE-5 expression is involved in the decreased vascular response to NO in cirrhotic livers.
### Instruction: Are genetic variants in TNF-alpha but not DLG5 associated with inflammatory bowel disease in a large United Kingdom cohort? ### Response:
We have confirmed an association between the TNF-857 promoter polymorphism and IBD in a large independent UK dataset but were unable to replicate an association at the previously reported loci within DLG5. This may reflect heterogeneity between the populations, a smaller effect size than originally predicted, or possibly a false-positive result in the original study. Further fine mapping studies of the TNF promoter region and studies assessing functional consequences of TNF promoter polymorphisms are now required in IBD.
### Instruction: Is empathetic perspective-taking impaired in schizophrenia : evidence from a study of emotion attribution and theory of mind? ### Response:
Schizophrenia patients, unlike autistic individuals, suffer a domain-general difficulty with empathetic perspective-taking that affects equally their appreciation of other people's beliefs, percepts, and emotions.
### Instruction: Is proton pump inhibition a feasible primary alternative to surgery and balloon dilatation in adult peptic pyloric stenosis ( APS ) : report of six consecutive cases? ### Response:
This study supports the view that proton pump inhibitors are a safe and feasible alternative to surgery in adult pyloric stenosis secondary to peptic ulcer disease.
### Instruction: Is it highly unlikely that the development of an abdominal wall hernia can be attributable to a single strenuous event? ### Response:
We conclude that we are unable to find any clinical evidence to support the hypothesis that a hernia might develop as the result of one single strenuous or traumatic event. While we accept that this mechanism might still possibly occur, we believe that, at best, it is extremely uncommon. If a medical expert is preparing a report on such a case in a claim for personal injury, then they have a duty to the court to examine carefully all the contemporaneous medical records. If no clinical evidence exists to support the claim, then they have a duty to the court not to support the plaintiff's claim.
### Instruction: Are increased plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-8 associated with surgical site infection after pancreaticoduodenectomy? ### Response:
These results suggest that, in addition to pancreatic exocrine function, IL-6 and IL-8 are associated with postoperative SSI, including pancreatic leakage after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
### Instruction: Does dobutamine influence inflammatory pathways during human endotoxemia? ### Response:
Dobutamine, infused in a clinically relevant dose, does not influence inflammatory and coagulant pathways during human endotoxemia.
### Instruction: Does ethnic background influence outcome for return-to-work in work-related interdisciplinary rehabilitation for long-term pain : 1- and 3-year follow-up? ### Response:
Immigrants can benefit from a rehabilitation programme to the same extent as native Swedes concerning return-to-work rate, but seem to have limitations in assimilating the other objectives of the programme.
### Instruction: Is meiotic spindle configuration differentially influenced by FSH and epidermal growth factor during in vitro maturation of mouse oocytes? ### Response:
These results indicate that FSH and EGF can differently affect meiotic spindle morphology, and that EGF might be a stronger contributor than FSH to the acquisition of oocyte competence.
### Instruction: Is the hormone-sensitive lipase C-60G promoter polymorphism associated with increased waist circumference in normal-weight subjects? ### Response:
The HSL C-60G polymorphism is associated with increased waist circumference in non-obese subjects.
### Instruction: Does high plasma VEGF relate to low carbohydrate intake in patients with type 2 diabetes? ### Response:
We conclude that high plasma VEGF concentrations are associated with less carbohydrate intake and lower body mass in type 2 diabetes. The role VEGF plays in facilitating glucose access to the brain represents a new aspect of food intake regulation and energy homeostasis, with relevance for diseases with body mass disturbances.
### Instruction: Does maternal separation alter serotonergic transporter densities and serotonergic 1A receptors in rat brain? ### Response:
Early life maternal separation and the extent of handling can alter adult brain serotonergic transporter and serotonergic 1A levels and function in the forebrain. Alterations in these serotonergic systems by early rearing conditions might increase vulnerability for behavioral disorders in adulthood.
### Instruction: Is abdominal obesity an independent risk factor for chronic heart failure in older people? ### Response:
Abdominal body fat distribution may be a stronger risk factor for CHF than overall obesity.
### Instruction: Is impaired fasting glucose associated with increased arterial stiffness in elderly people without diabetes mellitus : the Rotterdam Study? ### Response:
IFG is related to arterial stiffness in elderly subjects. An advanced stage of arterial stiffness, comparable with that of subjects with DM, is only reached at the age of 75.
### Instruction: Is poor sleep associated with higher plasma proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 and procoagulant marker fibrin D-dimer in older caregivers of people with Alzheimer 's disease? ### Response:
Poor sleep was associated with higher plasma IL-6 and D-dimer levels. These effects were most pronounced in caregivers of subjects with Alzheimer's disease. The findings suggest a mechanism that may explain how disturbed sleep might be associated downstream with cardiovascular risk, particularly in older people under chronic stress.
### Instruction: Is loss to follow-up of cervical smears without endocervical columnar cells disturbing? ### Response:
Repeating ECC- smears has a low follow-up rate but also lacks evidence-based necessity. However, for the other 6-month recommended Pap smears, one in five women had still not responded within one year, so improvement is necessary.
### Instruction: Is oKT3 therapy in addition to tacrolimus associated with improved long-term function in patients with steroid refractory renal allograft rejection? ### Response:
Our data indicate a reasonable graft survival in steroid refractory renal allograft rejection using tacrolimus. OKT3 treatment in addition to tacrolimus therapy may be beneficial for long-term allograft survival.
### Instruction: Is hyperleptinemia responsible for decreased paraoxonase activity in hemodialysis patients? ### Response:
Our results suggest the role of other pathophysiological conditions besides hyperleptinemia resulting in decreased PON1 activity in HD patients.
### Instruction: Is androgen receptor responsible for rat organic cation transporter 2 gene regulation but not for rOCT1 and rOCT3? ### Response:
Testosterone induces the expression of rOCT2, but not of rOCT1 and rOCT3, via the AR-mediated transcriptional pathway. This is the first study to address the transcriptional mechanisms of testosterone-dependent gene regulation of the Slc22 family.
### Instruction: Are osmotic-driven release kinetics of bioactive therapeutic proteins from a biodegradable elastomer linear , constant , similar , and adjustable? ### Response:
The elastomer formulation shows promising potential as a sustained protein drug delivery vehicle for local delivery applications.
### Instruction: Do microleakage and bond strength of sealant to primary enamel comparing air abrasion and acid etch techniques? ### Response:
In primary teeth, air abrasion combined with acid etching appears to provide the best conditions for enamel treatment prior to sealant placement.
### Instruction: Does buprenorphine reduce alcohol drinking through activation of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ-NOP receptor system? ### Response:
Buprenorphine has dualistic effects on ethanol drinking; low doses increase alcohol intake via stimulation of classic opioid receptors, whereas higher doses reduce it via activation of NOP receptors. We suggest that NOP agonistic properties of buprenorphine might be useful in the treatment of alcoholism.
### Instruction: Do essiac and Flor-Essence herbal tonics stimulate the in vitro growth of human breast cancer cells? ### Response:
Flor-Essence and Essiac Herbal Tonics can stimulate the growth of human breast cancer cells through ER mediated as well as ER independent mechanisms of action.
### Instruction: Does brief airway occlusion produce prolonged reflex inhibition of inspiratory muscles in obstructive sleep apnea? ### Response:
The latency of peak inhibition and duration of inhibition were positively correlated with the respiratory disturbance index for all muscle groups. These changes may reflect adaptation in central respiratory paths due to repetitive loading during sleep.
### Instruction: Does treatment of imported fire ant sting with mitigator sting and bite treatment -- a randomized control study? ### Response:
There was no significant difference in pain relief between calamine and Mitigator for imported fire ant stings.
### Instruction: Is pI 3-kinase pathway responsible for antiapoptotic effects of atrial natriuretic peptide in rat liver transplantation? ### Response:
ANP activates the PI-3-kinase pathway in the liver in vivo leading to phosphorylation of Bad, an event triggering antiapoptotic signaling cascade in ischemic liver.
### Instruction: Does blood-injury phobia with and without a history of fainting : disgust sensitivity explain the fainting response? ### Response:
The tendency to faint when exposed to blood-injury stimuli may suffice as a conditioning event leading into phobia, without specific involvement of disgust sensitivity and parasympathetic activation.
### Instruction: Is the insulin response to gastric glucose reduced in PAC1 and GRP receptor gene deleted mice? ### Response:
The insulin responses to gastric versus intravenous glucose in receptor gene deleted mice show that PACAP, and to a lesser extent GRP, contributes to the insulin response to gastric administration of glucose.
### Instruction: Does alternative first exon splicing regulate subcellular distribution of methionine sulfoxide reductases? ### Response:
Our data suggest conservation of alternative splicing to regulate subcellular distribution of methionine sulfoxide reductases.
### Instruction: Does pOSSUM predict decreased overall survival in curative resection for colorectal cancer? ### Response:
Poor condition at operation, as determined by physiologic POSSUM score, is a risk indicator for long-term overall survival in colorectal cancer patients.
### Instruction: Is the Escherichia coli BarA-UvrY two-component system a virulence determinant in the urinary tract? ### Response:
This paper demonstrates that the BarA-UvrY two-component system is a determinant for virulence in a monkey cystitis model. The observed competition profiles strengthen our previous hypothesis that disruption of the BarA-UvrY two-component system impairs the ability of the bacteria to switch between different carbon sources. The urine in the bladder contains several different carbon sources and its composition changes over time. Inability to efficiently switch between the carbon sources may thus provide an explanation to the reduced fitness of the uvrY mutant in the cystitis model.
### Instruction: Is no symptoms , no asthma : the acute episodic disease belief associated with poor self-management among inner-city adults with persistent asthma? ### Response:
The single question, "Do you think you have asthma all of the time, or only when you are having symptoms?" can efficiently identify patients who do not think about or manage their asthma as a chronic disease.
### Instruction: Do low sputum eosinophils predict the lack of response to beclomethasone in symptomatic asthmatic patients? ### Response:
We suggest that, among the indexes examined, low sputum eosinophils are the best predictor for poor corticosteroid effects in asthma.
### Instruction: Is progression of cerebral white matter lesions associated with development of depressive symptoms in elderly subjects at risk of cardiovascular disease : The PROSPER Study? ### Response:
This longitudinal study does not confirm the involvement of cerebrovascular disease expressed as MRI white matter hyperintensities in the development of depressive symptoms in elderly subjects.
### Instruction: Do [ Influence of bicortical anchorage on the natural frequencies of dental implant ]? ### Response:
Bicortical anchorage can increase the buccolingual and axial primary stability of dental implants.
### Instruction: Does [ Substance P regulate function of osteoclasts via neurokinin-1 receptor ]? ### Response:
The findings suggested that substance P may stimulate osteoclasts and result in bone resorption by the mediation of NK1 receptor.
### Instruction: Do progesterone 's effects to reduce anxiety behavior of aged mice require actions via intracellular progestin receptors? ### Response:
The effects of P to decrease anxiety behavior of younger and older mice do not require classic PRs and may involve actions of 3alpha,5alpha-THP at GBRs.
### Instruction: Does learning of serial digits lead to frontal activation in functional MR imaging? ### Response:
The prefrontal activation during SDLT performance was not related to learning or to recall, but to a function that is common to both of these cognitive processes. A candidate for this common factor may be the executive functions, which also include serial position processing and temporal ordering.
### Instruction: Do hER2-positive circulating tumor cells indicate poor clinical outcome in stage I to III breast cancer patients? ### Response:
This study provides some evidence of a prognostic effect of HER2-positive CTCs in stage I to III breast cancer. Future studies have to determine the outcome of patients treated with HER2-targeting therapies with respect to HER2-positive CTC levels because it is not unlikely that high levels of HER2-positive CTCs reflect the activity of the tumor and may predict response to trastuzumab.