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### Instruction: Are weight bearing radiographs necessary for measurement of polyethylene penetration in total hip prostheses : a radiostereometric study of 111 patients examined in weight-bearing and supine position? ### Response:
The small systematic difference in penetration values between the supine and the weight-bearing positions is of no clinical or methodological importance.
### Instruction: Is the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index inversely associated with serum carotenoids in non-diabetic subjects? ### Response:
The serum antioxidant carotenoids were inversely associated with HOMA-estimated insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects.
### Instruction: Is a G1103R mutation in CRB1 co-inherited with high hyperopia and Leber congenital amaurosis? ### Response:
Although hyperopia has been associated with LCA, it is typically moderate and variable between patients with the same mutation. In addition, some CRB1 mutations can be associated with either RP or LCA. We have shown that hyperopia and LCA are linked to the mutant CRB1 gene itself and are not dependent on unlinked modifiers.
### Instruction: Are commensal isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis also well equipped to produce biofilm on polystyrene surfaces? ### Response:
Because many of the commensal MRSE isolates obtained from nares produced biofilms and carried icaAD, aap and atlE genes, biofilms or such genetic elements should not be used as markers for clinical significance. The biofilm environment seems to increase genetic exchanges and hence may contribute to multiresistance phenotypes.
### Instruction: Does freezing infective-stage larvae from Anisakis simplex and their produce at -20 degrees C for 24 h prevent the occurrence of autonomic imbalance in rat ileum? ### Response:
1) The gastrointestinal alterations provoked by As are not necessarily associated with a prior infection; and 2) the storage of the seafood at -20 degrees C during 24 h does not prevent the intestinal autonomic imbalance provoked by As, whereas, the prior heating at 60 degrees C for 15 min may completely prevent such process.
### Instruction: Does tumor transcriptome reveal the predictive and prognostic impact of lysosomal protease inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer? ### Response:
This provides the first comprehensive molecular characterization of clinical responsiveness to PBC in NSCLC and reveals the predictive and prognostic impact of two lysosomal protease inhibitors, potentially representing novel targets for NSCLC therapeutics.
### Instruction: Does expression profile-defined classification of lung adenocarcinoma show close relationship with underlying major genetic changes and clinicopathologic behaviors? ### Response:
This study has shed light on heterogeneity in lung cancers, especially in adenocarcinomas, by establishing a molecularly, genetically, and clinically relevant, expression profile-defined classification. Future studies using independent patient cohorts are warranted to confirm the prognostic significance of EGFR mutations in TRU-type adenocarcinoma.
### Instruction: Does roux-en-Y gastric bypass improve the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ( NASH ) of morbid obesity? ### Response:
RYGBP improves steatosis, necroinflammatory activity and hepatic fibrosis in patients with morbid obesity and NASH.
### Instruction: Do cLLU1 expression levels predict time to initiation of therapy and overall survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia? ### Response:
CLLU1 is the first identified CLL specific gene. The CLLU1 mRNA expression level can predict time to initiation of treatment and survival in CLL patients.
### Instruction: Is postprandial gastrointestinal hormone production different , depending on the type of reconstruction following total gastrectomy? ### Response:
A disturbed glucose homeostasis was observed in gastrectomized patients most prominently in the Roux-en-Y group. Also, cholecystokinin and somatostatin response differed significantly in favor of duodenal passage preservation after total gastrectomy. Cholecystokinin levels close to physiologic found at APwPDP reconstruction may contribute to a physiologic satiation in reconstructions with preserved duodenal passage after total gastrectomy.
### Instruction: Is down-regulated nucleoside diphosphate kinase nm23-H1 expression unrelated to high-risk human papillomavirus but associated with progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and unfavourable prognosis in cervical cancer? ### Response:
Down-regulated nm23-H1 expression is markedly associated with progression from CIN2 to CIN3, and predicts poor prognosis in cervical cancer. Nm23-H1 down regulation is probably orchestrated by mechanisms independent of HR-HPV oncoproteins and is possibly related to the emergence of a proteolytic phenotype.
### Instruction: Does treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea lead to improved microvascular endothelial function in the systemic circulation? ### Response:
In patients with OSA, treatment with CPAP improves baseline endothelial NO release and stimulates endothelium dependent vasorelaxation in the systemic circulation. This is a potential mechanism for improving systemic and vascular function in patients with OSA treated with CPAP.
### Instruction: Does patient-controlled epidural analgesia in labor always improve maternal satisfaction? ### Response:
We found no advantages for patient-controlled epidural analgesia over intermittent bolus epidural analgesia in terms of maternal satisfaction.
### Instruction: Are vKORC1 haplotypes associated with arterial vascular diseases ( stroke , coronary heart disease , and aortic dissection )? ### Response:
The haplotype of VKORC1 may serve as a novel genetic marker for the risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, and aortic dissection.
### Instruction: Does prevalence and correlate of post-prandial hyperglycaemia in a large sample of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? ### Response:
These results indicate that post-prandial hyperglycaemia is a very frequent phenomenon in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on active treatment; can occur even when metabolic control is apparently good; and can be predicted by simple clinical features.
### Instruction: Is adiponectin in umbilical cord blood inversely related to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but not ethnicity? ### Response:
This is the first report of an inverse relationship between cord adiponectin and LDL-C at birth. In contrast to adult studies, we found no significant association between adiponectin and HDL-C in cord blood. Our results and the strong independent association between adiponectin and HDL-C observed in adult studies suggest a role for adiponectin in lipid metabolism. Ethnic differences in adiponectin may arise after birth.
### Instruction: Do [ Analysis of recurrence and prognosis after surgical resection for I stage lower rectal carcinoma ]? ### Response:
Radical resection of I stage lower rectal carcinoma has low recurrence rate and better prognosis. Sphincter preserving operation and local excision must be strictly selected in proper patients.
### Instruction: Is the programmable adult Codman Hakim valve useful even in very small children with hydrocephalus . A 7-year retrospective study with special focus on cost/benefit analysis? ### Response:
The programmable valve was easy to handle; only one size was required and the adjustment made it possible to achieve an optimal intraventricular pressure with a lower total cost, reduced hospital stay as well as an increased quality of life for the children.
### Instruction: Does antisense inhibition of Entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteases inhibit colonic mucus degradation? ### Response:
These findings unravel a central role for E histolytica CPs as key virulence factors in disrupting an intact mucus barrier in the pathogenesis of intestinal amoebiasis.
### Instruction: Does electroporative interleukin-10 gene transfer ameliorate carbon tetrachloride-induced murine liver fibrosis by MMP and TIMP modulation? ### Response:
We demonstrated that IL-10 gene therapy attenuated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. IL-10 prevented upregulated fibrogenic and pro-inflammatory gene responses. Its collagenolytic effect may be attributed to MMP and TIMP modulation. IL-10 gene therapy may be an effective therapeutic modality against liver fibrosis with potential clinical use.
### Instruction: Does simvastatin inhibit leptin-induced hypertrophy in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes? ### Response:
Simvastatin inhibits leptin-induced ROS-mediated hypertrophy in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Statin therapy may provide an effective means of improving cardiac dysfunction in obese humans.
### Instruction: Is estrogen receptor beta polymorphism associated with prostate cancer risk? ### Response:
We found an association with a SNP located in the promoter region of the ERbeta gene and risk of developing prostate cancer. The biological significance of this finding is unclear, but it supports the hypothesis that sequence variation in the promoter region of ERbeta is of importance for risk of prostate cancer.
### Instruction: Does simvastatin influence the intestinal P-glycoprotein and MPR2 , and the disposition of talinolol after chronic medication in healthy subjects genotyped for the ABCB1 , ABCC2 and SLCO1B1 polymorphisms? ### Response:
Simvastatin does not influence the intestinal expression of P-gp and MRP2 in man. There was no pharmacokinetic interaction between talinolol and simvastatin during their chronic co-administration to healthy subjects.
### Instruction: Does topoisomerase II-alpha expression increase with increasing Gleason score and with hormone insensitivity in prostate carcinoma? ### Response:
Topoisomerase II-alpha expression was found to increase with the known prognostic marker Gleason score and with hormone insensitivity. Objective evidence is provided for clinical trials with drugs targeting topoisomerase II-alpha to be targeted to patients with prostate cancers of Gleason Score >6 and, in particular, prostate cancers of Gleason Scores 8-10.
### Instruction: Does furosemide reverse multidrug resistance status in bladder cancer cells in vitro? ### Response:
Furosemide is effective in reversing MDR status in bladder cancer cell lines in vitro. It may also have an increment of intrinsic cytotoxicity, but only at higher concentrations. We propose a potential for further investigation of furosemide as an adjunct to chemotherapy for superficial bladder cancer.
### Instruction: Do mALT lymphoma associated genetic aberrations occur at different frequencies in primary and secondary intestinal MALT lymphomas? ### Response:
The genetic profile of primary intestinal MALT lymphomas appears to be different from that of secondary intestinal or local gastric MALT lymphomas. Because of the high prevalence of trisomy 3 or 18, or both, in primary intestinal lymphoma, these numerical aberrations might be regarded as a genetic hallmark of the disease.
### Instruction: Does sonographic recognition of three cases of septate uteri diminish failures of quinacrine sterilization? ### Response:
The bicornate or septate uterus can be a cause of failure of QS if undetected. Advantages of sonography prior to, during and after QS are apparent in the three patients with septate uteri. Sonography is advantageous when performing QS by demonstrating an anomaly of the uterus, which required separate insertions of quinacrine into each horn of a septate uterus and helping to direct quinacrine into each horn of these anomalous uteri.
### Instruction: Are leukemia inhibitory factor gene mutations in the population of infertile women restricted to nulligravid patients? ### Response:
The results suggest that the LIF gene mutations affect fertility. Even though they occur infrequently, their impact on molecular events during early phases of pregnancy should be further established.
### Instruction: Are smaller cerebellar volumes in very preterm infants at term-equivalent age associated with the presence of supratentorial lesions? ### Response:
Premature infants at term-equivalent age have similar total cerebellar and vermal volumes compared with term infants in the presence of normal brain imaging. Reduced cerebellar volume in preterm infants at term-equivalent age is seen in association with supratentorial pathology such as hemorrhagic parenchymal infarction, intraventricular hemorrhage with dilation, and periventricular leukomalacia.
### Instruction: Is iL-4 induced MUC4 enhancement in respiratory epithelial cells in vitro mediated through JAK-3 selective signaling? ### Response:
These observations signify a potential role for IL-4 in MUC4 up-regulation in airway epithelia.
### Instruction: Does 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 ( PDK1 ) promote invasion and activation of matrix metalloproteinases? ### Response:
These results indicate that PDK1 serves as an important effector of mammary epithelial cell growth and invasion in the transformed phenotype. PDK1 mediates its effect in part by MT1-MMP induction, which in turn activates MMP-2 and modulates the ECM proteins decorin and collagen. The presence of increased PDK1 expression in the majority of invasive breast cancers suggests its importance in the metastatic process.
### Instruction: Does platelet function of newborns as tested by cone and plate ( let ) analyzer correlate with gestational Age? ### Response:
CPA provides a rapid, feasible option for testing platelet function in neonates. Its potential predictive value deserves further attention, and more extensive studies are warranted.
### Instruction: Does abeta42 gene vaccination reduce brain amyloid plaque burden in transgenic mice? ### Response:
We have developed a gene gun mediated Abeta42 gene vaccination method that is efficient to break host Abeta42 tolerance without using adjuvant and induces a Th2 immune response. Abeta42 gene vaccination significantly reduces the Abeta42 burden of the brain in treated APPswe/PS1DeltaE9 transgenic mice with no overlap between treated and control mice.
### Instruction: Does simvastatin attenuate hypertrophic responses induced by cardiotrophin-1 via JAK-STAT pathway in cultured cardiomyocytes? ### Response:
These results suggest that simvastatin can ameliorate cardiacmyocytes hypertrophyin vitrovia JAK-STAT signaling pathways. The present study provides a novel understanding and alternative therapeutic strategy for cardiac hypertrophy.
### Instruction: Do stromal cells modulate ephrinB2 expression and transmigration of hematopoietic cells? ### Response:
These results indicate that expression of ephrinB2 in hematopoietic cells is regulated by interaction with particular stromal cells, and ephrinB2-EphB4 interaction modulates the migration and colonization of the hematopoietic cells in the local stromal microenvironment.
### Instruction: Is the orthology of HLA-E and H2-Qa1 hidden by their concerted evolution with other MHC class I molecules? ### Response:
A model is presented in which Darwinian selective pressures due to pathogens could, at the same time, favour diversification of MHC class Ia molecules and promote concerted evolution of separate loci by spreading advantageous motifs arising by mutations in individual MHC molecules to other alleles and to other loci of the MHC region. This would also allow MHC molecules to co-evolve with the proteins with which they interact to fulfil their functions of antigen presentation and regulation of NK cell activity. One of the raisons d'être of the MHC may therefore be to favour at the same time both diversification of MHC class Ia molecules and homogenisation of the whole pool of MHC class I molecules (Ia and Ib) involved in antigen presentation.
### Instruction: Do admission serum lactate levels predict mortality in the acutely injured patient? ### Response:
This large retrospective examination of admission lactate levels failed to show useful predictive accuracy for hospital death. Serum lactate levels need not be obtained routinely but can be reserved for patients who will be admitted to the intensive care unit and/or require an emergency operation.
### Instruction: Is heme oxygenase ( HO ) -1 upregulated in the nasal mucosa with allergic rhinitis? ### Response:
We demonstrated that expression of HO-1, but not HO-2, was upregulated within the nasal tissues in allergic rhinitis inflammation, and understanding the induction of HO-1 expression may provide for better management of allergic rhinitis that involves oxidative stress.
### Instruction: Does hyperbaric oxygen suppress NADPH oxidase in a rat subarachnoid hemorrhage model? ### Response:
HBO suppresses NADPH oxidase and oxidative stress in cerebral tissues at 24 hours after SAH.
### Instruction: Is antibiotic treatment effective in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori suffering from extragastric MALT lymphoma? ### Response:
In our series, HP-eradication was ineffective for treatment of extragastric MALT lymphomas. This finding, along with an infection rate of 45%-as could also be expected in the general Austrian population-suggests that HP does not play a role in the development of these lymphomas. Antibiotic treatment targeting HP should, therefore, be discouraged in patients with extragastric MALT lymphomas.
### Instruction: Does sterility testing of platelet concentrate prepared from deliberately infected blood donations? ### Response:
Detection times for slow-growing bacteria are significantly shortened when PC samples are incubated at 35 degrees C: the numbers of bacteria in freshly prepared PCs may, however, be so low that the samples drawn for sterility testing do not contain a single bacterium. Our results do not support a shortening of the 24-hour or greater sampling time recommended by the manufacturers of established test systems, because also for consistent detection by FACS, bacteria need to grow in the PCs to sufficient numbers.
### Instruction: Is hypoxia-induced resistance to cisplatin and doxorubicin in non-small cell lung cancer inhibited by silencing of HIF-1alpha gene? ### Response:
Our studies demonstrated that hypoxia-induced chemoresistance to cisplatin and doxorubicin in NSCLC cells is through the HIF pathway. MDR1 regulation may not be involved in hypoxia-induced chemoresistance. Combining delivery of HIF-1alpha RNAi lentiviral vector with cisplatin-related chemotherapy regimens may enable us to develop more effective strategy for NSCLC therapy.
### Instruction: Are alpha-2-macroglobulin and albumin useful serum proteins to detect subclinical peritonitis in the rat? ### Response:
Measurement of alpha2M and albumin once per month is an additional tool in the diagnosis of silent peritonitis in the chronic peritoneal exposure model in the rat. Levels of alpha2M > 40 mg/L and albumin < 32 g/L are strong indicators for peritonitis. However, normal values do not exclude infectious peritonitis.
### Instruction: Does improvement of contractility accompany angiogenesis rather than arteriogenesis in chronic myocardial ischemia? ### Response:
Differences for vessel growth and regional function were apparent between FGF-2 and MCP-1. This contrast could allow the speculation that development of a flow reserve in chronically ischemic myocardium is linked to angiogenesis rather than to arteriogenesis. No additional benefits were seen following combined therapy.
### Instruction: Does fDG-PET status following chemoradiotherapy provide high management impact and powerful prognostic stratification in oesophageal cancer? ### Response:
The use of post-treatment FDG-PET for assessment of tumour response after CRT changed the clinical management of more than one-third of OC patients. CMR status as assessed by PET powerfully stratified prognosis. Even in the absence of a baseline study, normalisation of uptake at all sites of known tumoral involvement carries a good medium-term prognosis.
### Instruction: Does fMRI show atypical language lateralization in pediatric epilepsy patients? ### Response:
This study shows that epilepsy during childhood is associated with neuroplasticity and reorganization of language function.
### Instruction: Does peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma in colonic epithelial cells protect against experimental inflammatory bowel disease? ### Response:
These studies reveal that PPARgamma expressed in the colonic epithelium has an endogenous role in protection against DSS induced colitis and that rosiglitazone may act through a PPARgamma independent pathway to suppress inflammation.
### Instruction: Is ketamine , but not propofol , anaesthesia regulated by metabotropic glutamate 5 receptors? ### Response:
mGluR5 receptors play an important role in modulation of anaesthesia induced by ketamine, but not propofol.
### Instruction: Does over-expression of PTEN sensitize human ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner? ### Response:
Taken together, these data suggest that PTEN over-expression may represent a novel therapeutic approach for chemoresistant human ovarian cancer and that this may involve a p53-mediated apoptotic cascade independent of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
### Instruction: Does a systematic review identify a lack of standardization in methods for handling missing variance data? ### Response:
This work aggregates the ideas of many investigators. The abundance of methods suggests a lack of consistency within the systematic review community. Appropriate use of methods is sometimes suspect; consulting a statistician, early in the review process, is recommended. Further work is required to optimize method choice to alleviate any potential for bias and improve accuracy. Improved reporting is also encouraged.
### Instruction: Do sARS patients-derived human recombinant antibodies to S and M proteins efficiently neutralize SARS-coronavirus infectivity? ### Response:
The SARS-CoV spike protein and membrane proteins are able to elicite efficient neutralizing antibodies in SARS patients. The neutralizing antibodies we generated in this study may be more promising candidates for prophylaxis and treatment of SARS infection.
### Instruction: Does the key to improving prognosis for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage remain in the pre-hospitalization period? ### Response:
There remains much room for an improvement of prognosis for aSAH by early admission. We need to fully realize this reality and to directly face this problem.
### Instruction: Does sucrose concentration influence the rate of human oocytes with normal spindle and chromosome configurations after slow-cooling cryopreservation? ### Response:
Partial disruption of the MII spindle and associated chromosomes accompanies inadequate cryopreservation during slow cooling. However, protocols adopting higher sucrose concentration in the freezing solution promote the retention of an intact chromosome segregation apparatus comparable in incidence to freshly collected oocytes.
### Instruction: Do variation of microvascular blood flow augmentation -- supercharge in esophageal and pharyngeal reconstruction? ### Response:
Augmentation of microvascular blood flow by this "supercharge" technique can be expected to reduce the risk of leakage and partial necrosis of the transferred intestine. This technique contributes to the successful reconstruction of esophageal defect.
### Instruction: Does tumor size improve the accuracy of TNM predictions in patients with renal cancer? ### Response:
Tumor size represents a highly significant, multivariate, and informative predictor of RC outcomes and may warrant inclusion in future TNM revisions.
### Instruction: Are the catechol O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism and herpes simplex virus type 1 infection risk factors for cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder : additive gene-environmental effects in a complex human psychiatric disorder? ### Response:
Both the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and serological evidence of HSV-1 infection affect cognitive functioning in individuals with bipolar disorder.
### Instruction: Does non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation enhance Patient Autonomy in Decision-Making Regarding Chronic Ventilation? ### Response:
Non-invasive ventilation may be used in patients with profound muscle weakness, as a means of enhancing patient autonomy by improving communication and maintaining ventilation until decisions about ongoing care are made.
### Instruction: Are stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson 's disease : cognitive and affective changes linked to the motor outcome? ### Response:
Correct screening of patients for STN DBS remains an important issue, since the current implantation procedure is not able to take account of potential functional heterogeneity within the target.
### Instruction: Is drug expectancy necessary for stimulus control of human attention , instrumental drug-seeking behaviour and subjective pleasure? ### Response:
Drug-paired stimuli control selective attention, instrumental drug-seeking behaviour and positive emotional state by eliciting an explicit expectation of drug availability.
### Instruction: Is androgen regulation of prostasin gene expression mediated by sterol-regulatory element-binding proteins and SLUG? ### Response:
DHT regulates prostasin expression in prostate cells via SREBP stimulation and SLUG repression of prostasin promoter. SLUG is upregulated by DHT and EGF, providing a molecular mechanism by which epithelial cell-specific genes are silenced during prostate cancer development and progression.
### Instruction: Do normal and prostate cancer cells display distinct molecular profiles of alpha-tubulin posttranslational modifications? ### Response:
These data may reveal novel biomarkers of prostate cancer and new therapeutic targets.
### Instruction: Are the gene overexpressed in polycythemia rubra vera , PRV-1 , and the gene encoding a neutrophil alloantigen , NB1 , alleles of a single gene , CD177 , in chromosome band 19q13.31? ### Response:
PRV-1 and NB1 are alleles of the same gene now referred to as CD177. Changes in CD177 expression may be a marker of increased or decreased myelopoiesis and are therefore an effect of, rather than a cause of, myeloproliferative disorders.
### Instruction: Do consistent relationships between sensory properties of savory snack foods and calories influence food intake in rats? ### Response:
Consumption of foods in which the sensory properties are poor predictors of caloric consequences may alter subsequent food intake.
### Instruction: Is kLK31P a novel androgen regulated and transcribed pseudogene of kallikreins that is expressed at lower levels in prostate cancer cells than in normal prostate cells? ### Response:
KLK31P is a novel androgen regulated and transcribed pseudogene of kallikreins that may play a role in prostate carcinogenesis or maintenance.
### Instruction: Does fetal hemoglobin induction by histone deacetylase inhibitors involve generation of reactive oxygen species? ### Response:
The findings presented herein support a ROS-p38 MAPK cell signaling mechanism for HbF induction by butyrate and trichostatin A.
### Instruction: Is the aciclovir metabolite CMMG detectable in the CSF of subjects with neuropsychiatric symptoms during aciclovir and valaciclovir treatment? ### Response:
These results are consistent with the hypothesis that CMMG is involved in the development of neuropsychiatric side effects in aciclovir- or valaciclovir-treated patients. Measurement of CMMG in CSF and/or serum is a promising tool in the diagnostic procedure for aciclovir- or valaciclovir-treated patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms and may help to differentiate between side effects and herpes encephalitis.
### Instruction: Is charlson Index associated with one-year mortality in emergency department patients with suspected infection? ### Response:
This study suggests that the Charlson Index predicts one-year mortality among ED patients with suspected infection.
### Instruction: Are changes in maternal marital status associated with young adults ' cannabis use : evidence from a 21-year follow-up of a birth cohort? ### Response:
Experience of changes in maternal marital status in mid- to late-childhood is a significant predictor of subsequent and early use of cannabis by the child. This holds true even after allowing for certain possible causes and consequences of marital breakdown.
### Instruction: Is the development of autoantibodies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation related with chronic graft-vs-host disease and immune recovery? ### Response:
We conclude that patients with chronic GVHD, particularly those with an extensive involvement, were likely to develop autoantibodies and have a faster B-cell recovery, suggesting a role of B cells in the pathogenesis of chronic GVHD.
### Instruction: Does nasal vaccination with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide induce protective immunity against non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae in the nasopharynx? ### Response:
These results indicate that CpG ODN might be an effective mucosal adjuvant, acting by mechanisms that are different from CT. These findings suggest that nasal vaccination with P6 and CpG ODN might be an effective regimen for the induction of NTHi-specific protective immunity.
### Instruction: Does eGFR regulate the side population in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma? ### Response:
In established head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, SP cells were found using methods that determine expression and function of the drug transporter BCRP1/ABCG2. Activation of EGFR, a gene implicated in tumorigenesis in HNSCC leads to increased SP, and conversely, inhibition of EGFR leads to decrease in SP. This finding could help explain the role of EGFR in regulating cancer stem cells and thus tumorigenesis in HNSCC.
### Instruction: Is re-fixation in a lymph node revealing solution a powerful method for identifying lymph nodes in colorectal resection specimens? ### Response:
Using LRS leads to a significant increase in the number of revealed LNs in colorectal resection specimens and makes it possible to find more than 12 LNs in a majority of stage pT2 and pT3 adenocarcinomas.
### Instruction: Is routine repeat head CT for minimal head injury unnecessary? ### Response:
RRHCT is unnecessary in patients with MHI. Clinical examination identifies accurately the few who will show significant evolution and require intervention.
### Instruction: Is rehabilitation compromised by arousal and sleep disorders : results of a survey of rehabilitation centres? ### Response:
Long-term outcome from severe brain injury can be compromised by enduring disturbance of arousal, most commonly evidenced as sleep disorder. Treatment should be based on judicious use of medication (beyond hypnotic drugs) and greater emphasis on non-pharmacological management.
### Instruction: Does a retrospective analysis of the impact of 18F-FDG PET scan on clinical management of 133 breast cancer patients? ### Response:
PET holds promise as a sensitive and specific modality in following treated breast cancer patients. PET results contain information on 6 month outcome that is independent of stage or past treatment and influence patient management.
### Instruction: Does options in pediatric glaucoma after angle surgery have failed? ### Response:
Refractory pediatric glaucoma remains a challenge. Glaucoma drainage devices appear to be the most predictable and possibly safest procedure to consider after failed conventional angle surgery.
### Instruction: Does postprandial light physical activity blunt the blood glucose increase? ### Response:
The results demonstrate an acute blood glucose reducing effect of light physical activity and of a magnitude similar to that obtained by hypoglycemic drugs, even after intake of a large dose of high glycemic food.
### Instruction: Do `` Random '' gentamicin concentrations predict trough levels in neonates receiving once daily fixed dose regimens? ### Response:
It was not possible to construct a nomogram to predict gentamicin concentrations at 24 hours in neonates with a variety of gestational ages. Dosage tailored to gestation with monitoring of trough concentrations remains management of choice.
### Instruction: Does cD40L induce multidrug resistance to apoptosis in breast carcinoma and lymphoma cells through caspase independent and dependent pathways? ### Response:
These results indicate that CD40L expressed on adjacent non tumoral cells induces multidrug resistance to cytotoxic agents and ceramides in both breast carcinoma and non Hodgkin's lymphoma cell lines, albeit through a caspase independent and dependent pathway respectively.
### Instruction: Does 5 mCi pretreatment scanning cause stunning when the ablative dose is administered within 72 hours? ### Response:
The present results indicate that diagnostic scanning using a 5 mCi iodine-131 dose does not interfere with uptake of the ablative dose or with treatment efficacy when ablation is performed within 72 h.
### Instruction: Is the imaginary line method reliable for identification of prosthetic heart valves on AP chest radiographs? ### Response:
The well known imaginary line method is of limited value when identifying prosthetic valve positions on supine AP CXR's. We advocate the use of the "valve orifice" method or the "perceived direction of blood flow" method to gain valuable information regarding the presence and position of prosthetic heart valves.
### Instruction: Is satisfying parents ' preferences with regard to various models of postnatal care cost-minimizing? ### Response:
Because the parents' preferences with regard to postnatal care created one of the most cost-minimizing care models in the study, it would be possible to better meet parent's desires and, at the same time, reduce costs, without increasing risks in comparison with the early discharge program.
### Instruction: Does surgical therapy attenuate abdominal and extra-abdominal inflammation in experimental peritonitis? ### Response:
In experimental secondary peritonitis surgical management improves survival and attenuates the inflammatory response predominantly in the extra-abdominal compartments. This illustrates the importance of surgery in prevention of multiple organ failure and denotes the compartmentalized character of the inflammatory response. This polymicrobial model with implicated surgical intervention reflects the clinical situation and may be more appropriate to test therapeutic interventions than a model involving only CLP.
### Instruction: Are soap operas and talk shows on television associated with poorer cognition in older women? ### Response:
Clinical interviews can incorporate questions about television viewing habits. Endorsements of talk shows or soap operas as frequent and favored television programming may identify those at risk for cognitive impairment and targets for further cognitive screening.
### Instruction: Is seizure outcome after resection of cavernous malformations better when surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain also is removed? ### Response:
Our study suggests that complete removal of cavernoma-surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain tissue may improve epileptic outcome after resection of cavernous malformations.
### Instruction: Does integrin alpha2beta1 regulate neutrophil recruitment and inflammatory activity in experimental colitis in mice? ### Response:
We demonstrate an alleviating action of the collagen-binding alpha2beta1 integrin in experimental colitis in mice and suggest that this effect is mediated by inhibition of neutrophil migration and activation. Local administration of function-blocking antibodies against integrin alpha2beta1 may provide novel avenues to treat inflammatory bowel disease.
### Instruction: Does molecular tracing of the global hepatitis C virus epidemic predict regional patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma mortality? ### Response:
These findings strongly suggest that the initial spread time of HCV is associated with the progression dynamics of HCC in each area, irrespective of genotype.
### Instruction: Does tryptophan depletion modify response to CCK-4 challenge in patients with panic disorder after treatment with citalopram? ### Response:
This study demonstrates that an acute lowering of brain 5-HT availability with TD does not affect response to a CCK-4 challenge in PD patients successfully treated with citalopram. Thus, the reduction of CCK-4 sensitivity following SSRI-treatment in patients with PD may be related to mechanisms other than 5-HT availability in the brain, possibly to a reduction in brain cholecystokinin receptor sensitivity.
### Instruction: Is leptin an endothelial-independent vasodilator in humans with coronary artery disease : Evidence for tissue specificity of leptin resistance? ### Response:
Leptin is a vasoactive peptide in human SV and internal mammary artery. Its action is not nitric oxide or endothelial-dependent. Markers of body fat did not correlate with leptin-mediated vasodilatation, raising the intriguing possibility of selective resistance to leptin's actions.
### Instruction: Do serum adiponectin levels increase after human chorionic gonadotropin treatment during in vitro fertilization? ### Response:
To sum up, following gonadotropin treatment, serum adiponectin levels decrease as a result of the negative effect of high estradiol levels on adiponectin production. Conversely, serum adiponectin levels increase following human chorionic gonadotropin treatment.
### Instruction: Is human cathelicidin LL-37 a chemoattractant for eosinophils and neutrophils that acts via formyl-peptide receptors? ### Response:
LL-37 displays chemotactic activity for eosinophils and neutrophils, and this activity is mediated via an FPR. These results suggest that LL-37 may play a role in inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma and COPD.
### Instruction: Are c-reactive protein and homocysteine associated with dietary and behavioral risk factors for age-related macular degeneration? ### Response:
C-reactive protein and HCY levels are related to traditional dietary and behavioral factors associated with age-related macular degeneration.
### Instruction: Is tumor epithelial cell matrix metalloproteinase 9 a target for antimetastatic therapy in colorectal cancer? ### Response:
These observations reveal that MMP-9 produced by human colon cancer, rather than stromal, cells is central to processes underlying metastasis. They underscore the previously unrecognized potential of specifically targeting tumor cell MMP-9 in interventional strategies to reduce mortality from metastatic colorectal cancer.
### Instruction: Does the distance-saturation product predict mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? ### Response:
Each component of the 6-min walk independently predicted mortality in IPF with greater accuracy than spirometry. However, a composite of both parameters, the DSP, provides slightly greater accuracy and represents a novel measure for assessing survival in patients with IPF.
### Instruction: Do demographic factors influence cognitive recovery after shunt for normal-pressure hydrocephalus? ### Response:
One third of patients met our definition of good cognitive improvement: improvement by at least 25% on at least half of the cognitive tests administered. There was a significant negative linear relationship between age and probability of good cognitive improvement. Additionally, the degree of cognitive improvement was found to be greater in women than men (P = 0.002). Age was found to be a better predictor of improvement on memory tests, while sex was a better predictor of improvement on non-memory tests after shunt insertion.
### Instruction: Does the bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase thymidylate synthase of Tetrahymena thermophila provide a tool for molecular and biotechnology applications? ### Response:
This system avoids the use of antibiotics or other drugs and therefore is of high interest for biotechnological applications.
### Instruction: Does genetic variation in 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 predict adrenal hyperandrogenism among lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome? ### Response:
Genetic variation in 11beta-HSD1 contributes to enhanced cortisol clearance and compensatory adrenal hyperandrogenism in lean patients with PCOS but may be protective against obesity and some features of the metabolic syndrome.
### Instruction: Does systemic nitric oxide augmentation lead to a rapid decrease of the bladder outlet resistance in healthy men? ### Response:
Systemic NO augmentation can lower the functional bladder outlet resistance very rapidly in men. Our results support the concept that the NO-cGMP pathway may be a promising target for medical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms.
### Instruction: Does vaccination with a HER2/neu peptide induce intra- and inter-antigenic epitope spreading in patients with early stage breast cancer? ### Response:
Our data provide evidence for the induction of intra- and interantigenic epitope spreading that results from a single HER2/neu peptide vaccine even in early staged patients. The ability to raise immunity to multiple tumor antigens depends on both the degree of HER2/neu expression and the extent of disease. Epitope spreading is an essential element for the success of a peptide vaccine strategy.
### Instruction: Are cardiac histones substrates of histone deacetylase activity in hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation? ### Response:
Hemorrhage/resuscitation is associated with HDAC/HAT activity misbalance, and the acetylation status of cardiac histones is influenced by the choice of resuscitation strategy. Shock-induced changes can be reversed through the infusion of pharmacologic HDAC inhibitor, even when it is administered after the insult for a limited period of time.