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### Instruction: Does the role of video technology in on-line lecture for the deaf? ### Response:
We can conclude that for deaf people it is extremely important to introduce the use of information and communications technology on all levels of education and rehabilitation. This increases their ability to learn and improves their understanding of learning materials, especially if the applications are designed specifically for their needs. Through daily exposure to a larger number of such materials, we can positively influence the literacy (reading and writing skills) of the deaf. With increased literacy, the deaf would be able to read literature, and subtitles, enabling them to receive information through written sources. Therefore, we can expect them to have a higher self-esteem, more easily integrate into society and have more opportunities for employment.
### Instruction: Are [ Interferon-inducible genes lymphocyte antigen 6 complex E and tetratricopeptide repeats 1 correlated with clinical features of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus ]? ### Response:
As IFN-induced genes, elevated expression of LY6E mRNA is specific to diagnosis of SLE. The real time expression levels of LY6E and IFIT1 genes are associated with SLE disease activity. To inhibit the expression of LY6E and IFIT1 may become a novel therapeutic approach for SLE.
### Instruction: Is timing n't everything : an analysis of when to start salvage chemotherapy in ovarian cancer? ### Response:
Nearly 70% of pts achieving a CR after primary therapy eventually recurred. Most recurrences occurred greater than 6 months from completion of primary chemotherapy, and the use of second line agents at the time of recurrence was effective. In this study, the median time from CR to start of third line agent at 43 months compares favorably with the median PFS of 28 months following 12 months of Taxol reported in GOG 178 and challenges the concept of consolidation chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. A randomized trial to evaluate when to institute second line agents should be performed.
### Instruction: Is tGF-beta signaling disrupted in endometrioid-type endometrial carcinomas? ### Response:
Our data suggest that disturbances of the TGF beta RII and SMAD4 expression as well as localization of SMADs may be important to the infiltration of the myometrial wall by the type I endometrial carcinomas.
### Instruction: Are prothrombotic responses to exercise little influenced by clopidogrel treatment? ### Response:
Clopidogrel treatment attenuates platelet activity in vivo at rest, but exercise counteracts the platelet stabilizing effects of clopidogrel. The hypothesis that ADP is involved in stress-induced platelet activation was not supported.
### Instruction: Does continuous infusion of N-acetylcysteine reduce liver warm ischaemia-reperfusion injury? ### Response:
The main protective effect of NAC becomes apparent 5 h after hepatic ischaemic injury.
### Instruction: Is the pattern of methacholine responsiveness in mice dependent on antigen challenge dose? ### Response:
The pattern of eosinophilia, IgE and MCh responsiveness in mice was determined by antigen dose at challenge. In this study, increased sensitivity to MCh was confined to the airways whereas increases in maximal responses occurred in both the airway and parenchymal compartments. The presence of eosinophilia and IgE did not always coincide with increased responsiveness to inhaled MCh. These findings require further systematic study to determine whether different mechanisms underlie airway and parenchymal hyperresponsiveness post antigen challenge.
### Instruction: Does the vaa locus of Mycoplasma hominis contain a divergent genetic islet encoding a putative membrane protein? ### Response:
Our data demonstrate that the vaa locus contains a divergent genetic islet, and indicate pronounced intraspecies recombination. The high variability level of the locus indicate that it is a chromosomal 'hot spot', presumably important for sustaining diversity and a high adaptation potential of M. hominis.
### Instruction: Is regulation of skin and islet allograft survival in mice treated with costimulation blockade mediated by different CD4+ cell subsets and different mechanisms? ### Response:
These data document that (1) both CD4CD25 and CD4CD25 cells are required for induction of skin allograft survival, (2) CD4CD25 T cells are not required for alloreactive CD8 T cell deletion, and (3) CD4CD25 regulatory cells are not critical for islet allograft tolerance. It appears that skin and islet transplantation tolerance are mediated by different CD4 cell subsets and different mechanisms.
### Instruction: Does fast-tracking ( bypassing the PACU ) reduce nursing workload after ambulatory surgery? ### Response:
Bypassing the PACU after these short outpatient procedures significantly decreases recovery time without compromising patient satisfaction. However, the overall nursing workload and the associated cost were not significantly affected.
### Instruction: Does magnesium decrease cardiac injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery? ### Response:
Our study indicates that if magnesium is added to intermittent antegrade warm blood hyperkalemic cardioplegia, blood levels of many markers of cardiac myocardial injury after cardiopulmonary bypass are lowered. This finding may have implications for myocardial protection.
### Instruction: Do uremic toxins adsorbed by AST-120 promote tubular hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis in nephrectomized rats? ### Response:
Administration of AST-120 minimized the appearance of proximal tubular hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis, and subsequently prevented the occurrence of proteinuria and decreased renal function. The present study indicates that uremic toxins adsorbed by AST-120 promote tubular hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis in nephrectomized rats.
### Instruction: Is migraine associated with magnetic resonance imaging white matter abnormalities : a meta-analysis? ### Response:
This meta-analysis demonstrates that subjects with migraine are at higher risk of having WMAs on magnetic resonance images than those without migraine. This increased risk is present even in younger individuals who do not have co-occurring cerebrovascular disease risk factors. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether the increased risk of stroke in migraine is mediated or foreshadowed by the presence of WMAs.
### Instruction: Is modulation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction time and nitric oxide dependent in a peritonitis model of sepsis? ### Response:
In the CLP sepsis model modulation of HPV was time-dependent. In addition, vasoconstriction to hypoxic stimuli was dependent on NOS activity.
### Instruction: Does methylene chloride fraction of Scutellaria barbata induce apoptosis in human U937 leukemia cells via the mitochondrial signaling pathway? ### Response:
Our results suggest that MCSB can induce apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated signaling pathway.
### Instruction: Does endotoxin preconditioning prevent cellular inflammatory response during ischemic neuroprotection in mice? ### Response:
LPS preconditioning induces neuroprotection against ischemic brain injury in a mouse model of stroke. LPS preconditioning suppresses the cellular inflammatory response to ischemia in the brain and circulation. Diminished activation of cellular inflammatory responses that ordinarily exacerbate ischemic injury may contribute to neuroprotection induced by LPS preconditioning.
### Instruction: Is hippocampal and prefrontal atrophy in patients with early non-demented Parkinson 's disease related to cognitive impairment? ### Response:
Non-medicated, non-demented patients with early stage PD show hippocampal and prefrontal atrophy. Impaired memory is related to hippocampal atrophy, whereas sustained attention is related to prefrontal atrophy.
### Instruction: Does oxytocin modulate nitric oxide generation by human fetal membranes at term pregnancy? ### Response:
Oxytocin exerts an overall stimulatory effect on NO release by fetal membranes. This action might be of relevance in the biomolecular processes leading to parturition.
### Instruction: Is cytomegalovirus infection in heart transplant recipients associated with impaired endothelial function? ### Response:
Documented CMV infection episodes in heart transplant recipients are associated with impaired coronary endothelial function. CMV-negative recipients of CMV-positive donor hearts have an impaired distal epicardial endothelial function and an increased incidence of cardiovascular-related events and death during follow-up. CMV infection may contribute to allograft failure by accelerating coronary endothelial dysfunction.
### Instruction: Does purification of polyethylenimine polyplexes highlight the role of free polycations in gene transfer? ### Response:
This study presents an efficient method to remove free PEI from PEI polyplexes by SEC. Our results from transfection experiments demonstrate that free PEI substantially contributes to efficient gene expression but also mediates toxic effects in a dose-dependent manner. Purified polyplexes without free PEI have to be applied at increased concentrations to achieve high transfection levels, but exhibit a greatly improved toxicity profile.
### Instruction: Are intrathecal mepivacaine and prilocaine less neurotoxic than lidocaine in a rat intrathecal model? ### Response:
It is suggested that intrathecal mepivacaine and prilocaine are less neurotoxic than highly concentrated lidocaine in a rat intrathecal model.
### Instruction: Does rosiglitazone combined with insulin preserve islet beta cell function in adult-onset latent autoimmune diabetes ( LADA )? ### Response:
This pilot study suggests that rosiglitazone combined with insulin may preserve islet beta cell function in LADA patients.
### Instruction: Do professionalism deficiencies in a first-quarter doctor-patient relationship course predict poor clinical performance in medical school? ### Response:
Professionalism deficiencies that result in the inability of the student to establish patient rapport are detectable early and predict problems in future clinical performance.
### Instruction: Is [ A de nono I462S mutation in the KRT6A gene associated with pachyonychia congenita type I ]? ### Response:
A de novo missense mutation in the KRT6A gene, I462S, has been found in a sporadic PC-1 patient. The identification of this novel mutation in the KRT6A gene provides further evidence that mutation in the KRT6A gene causes PC-1 phenotype.
### Instruction: Does general anesthesia affect the serum complexed and free prostate specific antigen levels? ### Response:
Anaesthesia does not affect PSA levels alone. However, hospitalisation decreases total and free PSA levels, although it does not have an affect on free to total PSA ratio.
### Instruction: Does intrapericardial ibutilide administration fail to terminate pacing-induced sustained atrial fibrillation in dogs? ### Response:
Despite a significant atrial electrophysiological effect, ip. delivery of ibutilide did not result in higher AF termination rate compared with control.
### Instruction: Does inflammation rather than nutritional depletion determine glutamine concentrations and intestinal permeability? ### Response:
The presence of inflammation significantly affects glutamine concentrations and gut permeability, in contrast to the presence of depletion of body cell mass per se. On the other hand, villus morphology is not influenced by changes in systemic inflammatory activity whereas nutritional status possibly does affect villus height.
### Instruction: Does allicin inhibit spontaneous and TNF-alpha induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines from intestinal epithelial cells? ### Response:
These observations indicate that allicin exerts an inhibitory immunomodulatory effect on intestinal epithelial cells and suggest that allicin may have the potential to attenuate intestinal inflammation.
### Instruction: Do genes transcriptionally modulated by interferon alpha2a correlate with the cytokine activity? ### Response:
The observed changes induced by IFNalpha2a could be related to the development of autoimmune syndromes observed during IFNalpha2a treatment. A number of genes transcriptionally regulated by the cytokine have been identified for the first time; these might represent additional effectors of IFNalpha2a activity.
### Instruction: Do markers of bone remodeling predict rate of bone loss in multiple sclerosis patients treated with low dose glucocorticoids? ### Response:
In physically active patients with MS treated with low-dose GC, the bone-turnover markers were not different from controls. Patients having plasma CTX but markers of bone formation higher as compared to controls were confirmed 2 years later as bone losers.
### Instruction: Is ethanol operant self-administration in rats regulated by adenosine A2 receptors? ### Response:
In support of our hypothesis, the A2 antagonist DMPX attenuated EtOH self-administration. Low doses of the A2 antagonist enhanced EtOH drinking, consistent with the possibility that rats increase EtOH self-administration to overcome partial A2 blockade. The D2 antagonist eticlopride also decreased EtOH self-administration. These data provide the first evidence that pharmacological modulation of adenosine A2 receptors can regulate EtOH consumption in rats.
### Instruction: Does peripheral and central administration of a selective neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist suppress ethanol intake by C57BL/6J mice? ### Response:
These data indicate that acute blockade of the NPY Y1 receptor with a systemically bioavailable NPY Y1RA reduces voluntary ethanol consumption by C57BL/6J mice. These results are consistent with observations that hypothalamic infusion of NPY increases ethanol drinking by rats.
### Instruction: Does triglyceride predict cardiovascular mortality and its relationship with glycaemia and obesity in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients? ### Response:
Chinese type 2 diabetic patients had a lower prevalence of obesity, lower TG and higher HDL-C than Caucasian patients. Despite the low incidence of cardiovascular death, TG, which was closely associated with obesity indexes, was significantly associated with cardiovascular death in these patients.
### Instruction: Does calcium dobesilate attenuate vascular injury and the progression of diabetic retinopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats? ### Response:
We showed that long-term treatment with DOBE attenuated the progression of diabetic retinopathy and the alterations in vascular reactivity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
### Instruction: Does glutamate receptor blockade attenuate glucose hypermetabolism in perihematomal brain after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in rat? ### Response:
The data imply that glutamate activation of NMDA or AMPA receptors increases glucose metabolism in perihematomal brain at early times after intracerebral hemorrhage. This may provide a possible target for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.
### Instruction: Does pharmacological stabilization of mast cells abrogate late thrombotic events induced by diesel exhaust particles in hamsters? ### Response:
Our results are compatible with the triggering of mast cell degranulation and histamine release by DEP. Histamine plays an initial central role in airway inflammation, further release of histamine by circulating basophils, and peripheral thrombotic events. Antiinflammatory pretreatment can abrogate the peripheral thrombogenicity by preventing histamine release from mast cells.
### Instruction: Does local lymph node involvement predict poor outcome in pediatric renal cell carcinoma? ### Response:
Children with lymph node-positive RCC in the absence of distant metastatic disease had a relatively favorable long-term prognosis, with survival rate nearly triple those of adult historical controls. Until highly effective therapies for RCC are identified, these children should not be exposed to adjuvant treatment. Further investigation of the biologic differences between adult and pediatric RCC is warranted.
### Instruction: Are statins associated with a reduced incidence of perioperative mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery? ### Response:
Preoperative statin therapy may reduce the risk of early mortality after primary CABG surgery with CPB.
### Instruction: Does virgin olive oil reduce blood pressure in hypertensive elderly subjects? ### Response:
Dietary VOO proved to be helpful in reducing the systolic pressure of treated HT elderly subjects. However, a greater resistance to the lowering effect of VOO of total and LDL-cholesterol and a greater susceptibility to TG oxidation was detected in these patients.
### Instruction: Are plasma levels of amyloid beta-protein 42 increased in women with mild cognitive impairment? ### Response:
The elevation of Abeta42 plasma levels in women with MCI may represent a biologic explanation for the sex-dependent increased incidence of late-onset AD in women identified by epidemiologic studies.
### Instruction: Is the VAD-DCEP sequence an effective pre-transplant therapy in untreated multiple myeloma? ### Response:
the VAD-DCEP sequence has an adequate mobilizing capacity, without significant toxicity, and a good anti-myeloma activity, and therefore represents a safe and effective therapeutic approach for multiple myeloma patients at the onset of their disease.
### Instruction: Does pharmacological inhibition of DNA repair enzymes differentially modulate telomerase activity and apoptosis in two human leukaemia cell lines? ### Response:
3-AB inhibits the radiation-associated telomerase activity increase and enhances apoptosis in MOLT-4 and KG1a cells. Wortmannin, which also inhibits the radiation-associated telomerase activity increase in both cell lines, does not modify radiation-induced apoptosis in KG1a cells. DNA repair enzymes might be selective targets for enhancing radiosensitivity in certain tumour cells.
### Instruction: Do nestin-positive mesenchymal stem cells favour the astroglial lineage in neural progenitors and stem cells by releasing active BMP4? ### Response:
When thinking carefully about mesenchymal stem cells as candidates for cellular therapy in neurological diseases, their effects on resident neural cell fate have to be considered.
### Instruction: Does delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol ( THC ) inhibit lytic replication of gamma oncogenic herpesviruses in vitro? ### Response:
THC specifically targets viral and/or cellular mechanisms required for replication and possibly shared by these gamma herpesviruses, and the endocannabinoid system is possibly involved in regulating gamma herpesvirus latency and lytic replication. The immediate early gene ORF 50 promoter activity was specifically inhibited by THC. These studies may also provide the foundation for the development of antiviral strategies utilizing non-psychoactive derivatives of THC.
### Instruction: Does cholinergic stimulation with pyridostigmine protect against exercise induced myocardial ischaemia? ### Response:
Pyridostigmine improved peak exercise tolerance and inhibited the chronotropic response to submaximum exercise, increasing the intensity at which myocardial ischaemia occurred. These results suggest that pyridostigmine can protect against exercise induced myocardial ischaemia.
### Instruction: Does diosgenin induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells with the disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis? ### Response:
Diosgenin inhibits K562 cell proliferation via cell cycle G2/M arrest and apoptosis, with disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction playing vital roles.
### Instruction: Do dual-regulated myoD- and msx1-based interventions in C2C12-derived cells enable precise myogenic/osteogenic/adipogenic lineage control? ### Response:
Our findings substantiate the use of multiregulated multigene interventions in reprogramming cellular differentiation pathways in a desired manner.
### Instruction: Does cerebellar stroke impair temporal but not spatial accuracy during implicit motor learning? ### Response:
During implicit motor learning, the cerebellum appears to participate in the formation of predictive strategies for the timing of motor responses, rather than for the accuracy of motor execution. Because deficits were found in the contralesional upper extremity, the authors suggest that this function is not lateralized to 1 hemisphere; cerebellar output may affect the formation of an internal model for timing movements in both upper extremities.
### Instruction: Does dietary protein intake affect IgG synthesis in patients with nephrotic syndrome? ### Response:
Nephrotic syndrome patients with low plasma IgG levels have increased IgG FSR and ASR which are not affected by reduced dietary protein intake.
### Instruction: Does acute ethanol-induced adenosine diphosphate ribosylation regulate the functional activity of rat striatal pertussis toxin-sensitive g proteins? ### Response:
The results provide biochemical evidence of an ethanol-induced increase in ADP ribosylation of Gialpha causing a decrease in the functional activity of G proteins coupled via Gi/Go to adenylyl cyclase-cAMP. These results confirm the previously observed antagonism of EIMI by PT (IST).
### Instruction: Does chronic ethanol enhance ectodomain shedding in T cells and monocytes? ### Response:
These results suggest that chronic EtOH up-regulates p75 and p55 TNF receptors on monocytes and L-selectin on T-cells. However, the TACE-mediated shedding efficiency of these substrates may be inhibited in the presence of EtOH. These results may have implications in monocyte signaling and T-cell trafficking, which may, in part, contribute to immune dysregulation associated with chronic ethanol.
### Instruction: Does implicit strategy affect learning in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure? ### Response:
The finding of spared retention of verbal information on the CVLT-C in our earlier studies may be related to test characteristics of the CVLT-C rather than a finding of spared verbal retention per se, given that spared retention was not found on a separate test of verbal learning and memory without an implicit learning strategy. These results suggest that the use of an implicit strategy positively affected the ability of alcohol-exposed children to learn and retain new verbal information.
### Instruction: Are serum levels of tissue polypeptide specific antigen correlated with hepatocyte cytokeratin expression in alcoholic liver disease? ### Response:
The vast majority of alcoholics (95%) showed increased (>100 units/liter) serum TPS levels. Serum TPS levels were significantly correlated with the number of hepatocyte cytokeratin inclusions. Serum TPS levels can predict hepatocyte cytokeratin expression in patients with alcoholic liver disease.
### Instruction: Do cardiovascular and dyspnea response to six-minute and shuttle walk tests in COPD patients? ### Response:
The cardiovascular and dyspnea response caused by ISWT is greater (but statistically not significant) than that generated by 6MWT. The more limited the functional capacity of COPD patients the more similar the response generated by 6MWT and ISWT.
### Instruction: Does kupffer cell depletion attenuate superoxide anion release into the hepatic sinusoids after lipopolysaccharide treatment? ### Response:
These data suggest that a reduction of the superoxide anion level in the hepatic sinusoids in acute endotoxemia and subsequent reduction of neutrophil migration into the liver may indicate that gadolinium chloride treatment suppresses the progression of liver damage in acute endotoxemia.
### Instruction: Does exercise training restore abnormal myocardial glucose utilization and cardiac function in diabetes? ### Response:
Our results indicate that exercise training is effective in preventing the depression in myocardial glucose metabolism observed in the diabetic rat. This may explain the benefits of exercise in preventing cardiac dysfunction in diabetes.
### Instruction: Are [ Haemorrhoids too often assumed and treated . Survey of 548 patients with anal discomfort ]? ### Response:
Since many patients who had wrongly thought to have haemorrhoids had "treated" them successfully with wet compresses, creams or ointments, their complaints cannot be relied upon diagnostically. Doctors should not be misled by patients' complaints into assuming the presence of haemorrhoids and treat them, because this would incur unnecessary cost and bring little success.
### Instruction: Does severe periodontitis enhance macrophage activation via increased serum lipopolysaccharide? ### Response:
Our results suggest that in systemically healthy patients, the infected/inflamed area in periodontitis is associated with macrophage activation via increased serum LPS concentration.
### Instruction: Is type D personality associated with increased anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator and their partners? ### Response:
Partners experienced similar levels of depression but higher levels of anxiety compared with ICD patients. Personality was an important explanatory factor of distress in both ICD patients and their partners. Research is now warranted to investigate the implications of this finding for the clinical course of ICD patients, as Type D personality has been associated with adverse prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease.
### Instruction: Does depression predict self-reported sleep quality in patients with obstructive sleep apnea? ### Response:
Depression is a better predictor of self-reported sleep quality than are polysomnographic measures of sleep in patients with OSA.
### Instruction: Is c-reactive protein associated with psychological risk factors of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy adults? ### Response:
Greater anger and severity of depressive symptoms, separately and in combination with hostility, were significantly associated with elevations in CRP in apparently healthy men and women. These associations were independent of potential confounding factors.
### Instruction: Is erbB2 a tumor associated antigen and a suitable therapeutic target in Wilms tumor? ### Response:
ErbB2 is a tumor associated antigen in WT. Being expressed in almost all tumor stages, our in vivo model suggests that erbB2 may serve as a WT therapeutic target. Further work is needed to establish the role of erbB2 in the disease and its potential use in decreasing current treatment burden.
### Instruction: Does a polymorphic variation in the interleukin 1A gene increase brain microglial cell activity in Alzheimer 's disease? ### Response:
Polymorphisms within IL-1A influence the degree of brain microglial cell activation, especially in bearers of APOE epsilon4 allele, reinforcing the importance of neuroinflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of AD, and supporting the rationale for treating the disease with inflammation modulating drugs.
### Instruction: Is induction and function of CYR61 ( CCN1 ) in prostatic stromal and epithelial cells : CYR61 required for prostatic cell proliferation? ### Response:
In this study, we demonstrate that serum growth factors induce the CYR61 gene in both stromal and epithelial cells, and that CYR61 plays functional roles in cell adhesion, morphology, and proliferation, supporting its involvement in benign prostatic enlargement. These results strongly suggest that CYR61 is a key molecule, and therefore could be a potential therapeutic target in prostatic hyperplastic growth.
### Instruction: Is routine intravascular ultrasound scanning guidance of coronary stenting associated with improved clinical outcomes? ### Response:
These data suggest that the routine performance of IVUS during stent placement influences the performance of the procedure, as judged by differences in procedural characteristics, but does not improve clinical outcome at 9 months.
### Instruction: Does right prosubiculum amyloid plaque density correlate with anosognosia in Alzheimer 's disease? ### Response:
Increased SP density in the right PRO region suggests that selective pathological involvement of this area contributes to awareness deficits in Alzheimer's disease. The putative role of the PRO in self appraisal may reflect its interconnections with other medial temporal and prefrontal regions.
### Instruction: Does hearing loss occur in young patients undergoing spinal anesthesia? ### Response:
We were unable to induce hearing loss in young patients undergoing spinal anesthesia by injecting the anesthetic with a 22-gauge or a 25-gauge Quincke needle.
### Instruction: Does the combination oral and nutritional treatment of late-onset diabetes mellitus ( CONTROL DM ) trial result? ### Response:
Brachial artery endothelial function was not influenced by short-term improvements in glycaemic control. The CONTROL DM group was successful in lowering A1C. Future research should explore more intensive and longer-lasting improvements in glycaemic control on endothelial function. Some data previously published in abstract form (Diabetes 2001; 50 (Suppl. 2): A217).
### Instruction: Is follicular blood flow a better predictor of the outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer than follicular fluid vascular endothelial growth factor and nitric oxide concentrations? ### Response:
Our study showed that follicular blood flow was positively associated with the outcome of pregnancy. This is the first study to investigate the direct association of the follicular blood flow with pregnancy outcome after IVF-ET. These results suggest that follicular blood flow might be a more effective prognostic marker of the pregnancy outcome of IVF than follicular fluid VEGF or NO concentrations.
### Instruction: Is the RANK/RANK ligand system involved in interleukin-6 and interleukin-11 up-regulation by human myeloma cells in the bone marrow microenvironment? ### Response:
Our data provide new notions on the role of the RANKL system in the pathophysiology of MM.
### Instruction: Do detection of Campylobacter species in faecal samples by direct Gram stain microscopy? ### Response:
The direct Gram stain method can provide a presumptive result within 30 minutes of receipt of a faecal sample in the laboratory with relatively high sensitivity, and at low cost. Laboratories in areas where Campylobacter enteritis is common and/or with limited resources for Campylobacter culture should consider adopting this as a routine method.
### Instruction: Is ifosfamide , carboplatin and etoposide ( ICE ) as second-line regimen alone and in combination with regional hyperthermia active in chemo-pre-treated advanced soft tissue sarcoma of adults? ### Response:
These results suggest that ICE alone or combined with RHT shows activity as second-line therapy in doxorubicin-ifosfamide-refractory STS.
### Instruction: Is prothrombotic activity increased in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and risk factors for embolism? ### Response:
NVAF patients whose conditions were complicated with risk factors for embolism could be in the prothrombotic state. Advanced age is a strong predictor of the prothrombotic state in NVAF patients.
### Instruction: Are expression of syndecan-1 and expression of epidermal growth factor receptor associated with survival in patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma? ### Response:
The authors demonstrated that expression of either of the nonsmall cell lung carcinoma subtype classifiers syndecan-1 and EGFR was associated with a 30% reduction in the risk of death, with this reduction being independent of histology and other confounders. The results of the current study suggest that loss of expression of these histologic classifiers is associated with biologic aggressiveness in lung tumors and with poor outcome for patients with such tumors. If their significance can be validated prospectively, these biomarkers may be used to guide therapeutic planning for patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.
### Instruction: Is the placental immunomodulatory cytokine regeneration and tolerance factor also expressed by both human cycling and early pregnant endometrium? ### Response:
These results indicate that RTF is constitutively expressed at endometrial and decidual level and its up-regulation during the secretory phase of the cycle may be relevant in mediating some immune-related aspects of uterine physiology.
### Instruction: Does hypertension but not sodium intake determine progression of renal failure in experimentally uremic rats? ### Response:
(1) In 5/6 nephrectomized rats, renal function deterioration was not affected by dietary sodium, provided hypertension was pharmacologically controlled. (2) Enhanced proteinuria secondary to high sodium consumption had no adverse effect on progression of renal failure in this model.
### Instruction: Are vaginal birth after Cesarean rates declining rapidly in the rural state of Maine? ### Response:
A marked decline in VBAC occurred after the change in ACOG vaginal birth after Cesarean policy. Multiple factors have contributed to this decline, including patients refusing VBAC after counseling and inability of institutions to meet ACOG guidelines.
### Instruction: Is overcommitment to work associated with changes in cardiac sympathetic regulation? ### Response:
Overcommitment to work was associated with an increase in basal sympathetic drive and a reduction in the dynamic range of cardiac sympathetic regulation. Both findings are compatible with the hypothesis that overcommitment induces beta-receptor down-regulation.
### Instruction: Is socioeconomic status associated with nocturnal blood pressure dipping? ### Response:
It remains to be seen what aspect of the social environment may be driving this association between nondipping and lower social class. However, investigators might consider including social class in their models in future studies.
### Instruction: Do optimistic attitudes protect against progression of carotid atherosclerosis in healthy middle-aged women? ### Response:
Optimistic women are less likely to show progression of carotid disease in mid-life than are pessimists.
### Instruction: Is dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging ( DCE-MRI ) a useful modality for the precise detection and staging of early prostate cancer? ### Response:
DCE-MRI can identify early stage Cap with high sensitivity and specificity, and can predict the histological grade to some extent. DCE-MRI prior to biopsy should be applied to younger patients with surgical indications. Otherwise, we recommend the definitive diagnosis of Cap by utilizing DCE-MRI alone.
### Instruction: Does body weight correlate with mortality in early-stage breast cancer? ### Response:
Body weight at diagnosis and ER status are important predictors of breast cancer death in early-stage disease.
### Instruction: Is obesity an independent risk factor of mortality in severely injured blunt trauma patients? ### Response:
Critically injured obese trauma patients have similar demographics and injury patterns as nonobese patients. Obesity is an independent predictor of mortality following severe blunt trauma.
### Instruction: Does the influence of age on prognosis of de novo acute myeloid leukemia differ according to cytogenetic subgroups? ### Response:
(i) Both age and cytogenetics are independent prognostic parameters in AML;(ii) up to the age of 49 years age has no major impact on prognosis while the karyotype has; (iii) in patients 50 years and older the influence of age on outcome increases, and (iv) cytogenetics show an independent effect on survival also in patients over 60 years old.
### Instruction: Are lesion progression and plaque composition altered in older apoE-/- mice lacking tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor p55? ### Response:
Progression and destabilization of advanced atherosclerotic lesions does not seem to be mediated via the TNF-alpha receptor p55.
### Instruction: Are hIV-infected US youth at high risk of obesity and poor diet quality : a challenge for improving short- and long-term health outcomes? ### Response:
Obesity is a common nutrition problem for both HIV-infected and uninfected youth; however, HIV-infected youth are at increased risk of developing metabolic abnormalities. Culturally appropriate, client-focused nutrition education will help youth improve their diet and increase physical activity to reduce health consequences associated with both obesity and HIV infection.
### Instruction: Does transfer of functional prostasomal CD59 of metastatic prostatic cancer cell origin protect cells against complement attack? ### Response:
These results point to a novel mechanism by which prostasomes can protect prostatic malignant cells from complement attack.
### Instruction: Is histologic grade , but not SYT-SSX fusion type , an important prognostic factor in patients with synovial sarcoma : a multicenter , retrospective analysis? ### Response:
For patients with localized SS, histologic grade but not SYT-SSX fusion type is a strong predictor of survival.
### Instruction: Is left ventricular end-diastolic volume decreased at maximal exercise in athletes with marked repolarisation abnormalities : a continuous radionuclide monitoring study? ### Response:
EDV is decreased at peak HR in athletes with MRAs. Such high HR values are infrequently achieved or maintained during sporting activities; therefore, in the absence of structural heart disease, MRAs should not preclude physical training and competitive availability.
### Instruction: Is angiopoietin 2 expression related to histological grade , vascular density , metastases , and outcome in prostate cancer? ### Response:
We conclude that ang 2 probably is an important regulator of angiogenesis in prostate cancer.
### Instruction: Are intact progesterone receptors essential to counteract the proliferative effect of estradiol in a genetically engineered mouse model of endometriosis? ### Response:
Intact PR in ectopic uterine tissue is essential to abolish E(2)-dependent or -independent proliferation. We also suggest that ectopic uterine tissue is associated with significantly increased resistance to P action and increased predisposition to E(2)-dependent proliferation in the absence of PR. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that P resistance in human endometriosis may be due to the absence of sufficient levels of functional PR in this tissue.
### Instruction: Are activating FLT3 mutations rare in children with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia? ### Response:
This first reported mutational analysis for both FLT3-ITD and FLT3-ALM performed in JMML documents the presence of FLT3 mutations within JMML, but at a sufficiently low prevalence as to be clinically insignificant for most patients. Despite the poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options for JMML patients with refractory disease, compassionate therapy with targeted FLT3 inhibitors should not be considered in this patient population until adequate safety and efficacy data become available.
### Instruction: Does endobronchial ultrasonography using a guide sheath increase the ability to diagnose peripheral pulmonary lesions endoscopically? ### Response:
EBUS-GS is a useful method for collecting samples from peripheral pulmonary lesions, even those too small to be visualized under fluoroscopy.
### Instruction: Do histone deacetylase inhibitors differentially mediate apoptosis in prostate cancer cells? ### Response:
Collectively, these results suggest that the response of prostate cancer cells to HDAC inhibitors is not uniform, but cell line and inhibitor specific. Given that prostate cancer is generally a multiclonal disease representing different cell lineages, it is important to develop HDAC inhibitors that will be effective against all of these cell types.
### Instruction: Does constitutive activation of gp130 lead to neuroendocrine differentiation in vitro and in vivo? ### Response:
NE differentiation was initiated by the expression of gp130act in a ligand independent manner, highlighting the importance of gp130 in the neuroendocrine differentiation process. Further investigation of upregulated/downregulated gene expression in these cells may provide valuable insight into the NE differentiation process.
### Instruction: Is transition of an androgen-dependent human prostate cancer cell line into an androgen-independent subline associated with increased angiogenesis? ### Response:
LNCaP-19 shows characteristics resembling those of androgen-independent prostate cancer. An increased MVD and changed vessel morphology in the tumor, makes it an interesting model system for studies regarding angiogenesis in the context of the acquisition of androgen independence.
### Instruction: Are uK patients with primary Sjögren 's syndrome at increased risk from clinical depression? ### Response:
Patients with 1 degrees SS appear to be at increased risk from clinical depression. Early recognition and appropriate intervention is therefore essential to reduce the negative impact of depression on the patient's quality of life and outcome of their disease.
### Instruction: Does clinical pathway care improve outcomes among patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia? ### Response:
Patients who were placed on pneumonia clinical pathway care were much more likely than non-pathway patients to have favorable outcomes of care.
### Instruction: Are vascular endothelial growth factor C and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 related closely to the prognosis of patients with ovarian carcinoma? ### Response:
High tissue expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-2 reflects the aggressiveness of the spread of tumor in ovarian carcinoma. Thus, both have predictive value for identifying high-risk patients who have a poor prognosis.
### Instruction: Does in situ gelatinolytic activity correlate with tumor progression and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer? ### Response:
FIZ enables the direct assessment of in situ gelatinolytic activity in bladder cancer tissues. The intensity of activity appears to affect the biology of carcinoma tissues. Our results indicate a major role for MMP-2 in in situ gelatinolysis in bladder cancer.