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### Instruction: Does autocrine over expression of fibronectin by human transitional carcinoma cells impair bacillus Calmette-Guerin adherence and signaling? ### Response:
We propose that by saturating cellular and BCG receptors excess FN expression decreases the ability of cellular or mycobacterial bound FN to bind vacant receptors on BCG or on the cell. Excess FN inhibits BCG adherence and BCG initiated signal transduction.
### Instruction: Do prostate cancer detection on urinalysis for alpha methylacyl coenzyme a racemase protein? ### Response:
We report the feasibility of a novel, noninvasive, nonprostate specific antigen based molecular approach to detect prostate cancer in voided urine. To our knowledge this is the first report of AMACR protein detection in the urine of patients with prostate cancer. A screening test based on urinary AMACR may develop into a useful adjunct to serum prostate specific antigen and digital rectal examination for identifying men at increased risk for harboring prostate cancer despite negative biopsy. Such a test has potential application for stratifying patients into low and high risk groups for surveillance vs repeat biopsy.
### Instruction: Do androgen receptor levels in prostate cancer epithelial and peritumoral stromal cells identify non-organ confined disease? ### Response:
These findings suggest that AR is an important determinant of disease relapse in early stage prostate cancer, and that altered AR levels in the malignant epithelial cells or in the peritumoral stroma is indicative of non-organ confined prostate cancer.
### Instruction: Does melatonin reduce prostate cancer cell growth leading to neuroendocrine differentiation via a receptor and PKA independent mechanism? ### Response:
The treatment of prostate cancer cells with pharmacological concentrations of melatonin influences not only androgen-sensitive but also androgen-insensitive epithelial prostate cancer cells. Cell differentiation promoted by melatonin is not mediated by PKA activation although it increases, in a transitory manner, intracellular cAMP levels. Melatonin markedly influences the proliferative status of prostate cancer cells. These effects should be evaluated thoroughly since melatonin levels are diminished in aged individuals when prostate cancer typically occurs.
### Instruction: Do staphylococcus aureus antigens induce IgA-type glomerulonephritis in Balb/c mice? ### Response:
S. aureus antigens including, in particular, a 30-35 kDa protein and the host genetic background could play important roles in IgA-like glomerulonephritis pathogenesis.
### Instruction: Does tyrphostin AGL-2043 eluting stent reduce neointima formation in porcine coronary arteries? ### Response:
Stent-based delivery of tyrphostin AGL-2043 from a biodegradable polymeric coating reduces in-stent neointimal hyperplasia in porcine coronary arteries by 50% after 28 days and preserves lumen area. Long-term studies should be the next step in testing applicability to the human interventional setting.
### Instruction: Does psychological support counselling improve gluten-free diet compliance in coeliac patients with affective disorders? ### Response:
In coeliac disease patients with affective disorders psychological support seems to be able to reduce depression and to increase gluten-free diet compliance.
### Instruction: Is there no difference in the disease severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease between patients infected and not infected with Helicobacter pylori? ### Response:
This prospective, double-blind study demonstrates, using excellent GERD quantifying measures including validated symptom severity scores, endoscopy, and 24-h pH-metry, that there exist no clinically significant differences in clinical or laboratory-related GERD manifestations between H. pylori-infected and non-infected GERD patients.
### Instruction: Does heme oxygenase-2 gene deletion attenuate oxidative stress in neurons exposed to extracellular hemin? ### Response:
These results suggest that HO-2 gene deletion protects neurons in mixed neuron-astrocyte cultures from heme-mediated oxidative injury. Selective inhibition of neuronal HO-2 may have a beneficial effect after CNS hemorrhage.
### Instruction: Are early visual evoked potentials modulated by eye position in humans induced by whole body rotations? ### Response:
The present modulation of the early component of VEP suggests an eye position-dependent activity of the human primary visual area. Our findings also evidence that cortical processes combine information about the position of the stimulus on the retinae with information about the location of the eyes in their orbit as early as the stage of primary visual area.
### Instruction: Does chemotherapy affect the pattern of failure after shear loading of the proximal tibial growth plate? ### Response:
Doxorubicin affects the pattern of failure after shear loading of the proximal tibial growth plate, but methotrexate and cisplatin do not. Special attention should be paid to epiphyseal injuries in children treated with doxorubicin.
### Instruction: Does development of ICF Core set for patients with chronic conditions? ### Response:
Both, the Brief ICF Core Sets and the Comprehensive ICF Core Sets are preliminary and need to be tested in the coming years based on a standardized protocol in close cooperation with the ICF research branch of the WHO FIC CC (DIMDI) in Munich and the CAS team at WHO. The final goals are valid and globally agreed tools to be used in clinical practice, research and health statistics.
### Instruction: Does increased CD59 protein expression predict a PSA relapse in patients after radical prostatectomy? ### Response:
CD59 protein is strongly expressed in 36% of adenocarcinomas of the prostate and and is associated with disease progression and adverse patient prognosis.
### Instruction: Does phloridzin improve absorption of genistin in isolated rat small intestine? ### Response:
The naturally occurring substance phloridzin, present in apples, thus considerably amplify genistin absorption. These effects might offer a promising novel method in designing functional foods for cancer prevention by combining genistin- and phloridzin-containing foods.
### Instruction: Does perioperative nutrition prevent the early protein losses in patients submitted to gastrointestinal surgery? ### Response:
Perioperative nutrition prevents the early protein losses after gastrointestinal surgery.
### Instruction: Is ability to perform activities of daily living the main factor affecting quality of life in patients with dementia? ### Response:
Dependency upon others to perform ADL was the main factor affecting HRQoL.
### Instruction: Do comparative genomics of cyclin-dependent kinases suggest co-evolution of the RNAP II C-terminal domain and CTD-directed CDKs? ### Response:
The apparent origins of CDK7 and CDK8, or at least their conservation as clearly recognizable orthologous families, correlate with strong stabilizing selection on RNAP II CTD structure. This suggests co-evolution of the CTD and these CTD-directed CDKs. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that CDK7 and CDK8 originated at about the same time that the CTD was canalized as the staging platform RNAP II transcription. Alternatively, extensive CTD phosphorylation may occur in only a subset of eukaryotes and, when present, this interaction results in greater stabilizing selection on both CTD and CDK sequences. Overall, our results suggest that transcription-related kinases originated after cell-cycle related CDKs, and became more evolutionarily and functionally diverse as transcriptional complexity increased.
### Instruction: Do activation of Erk and JNK MAPK pathways by acute swim stress in rat brain regions? ### Response:
Swim stress specifically and markedly enhanced the phosphorylation of the MAPKKs P-MEK1/2 and P-MKK4 in all brain regions tested without apparent alteration in the phosphorylation of P-MKK3/6. Curiously, phosphorylation of their cognate substrates (Erk and JNK) was increased to a much more modest extent, and in some brain regions was not altered. Similarly, there was a region-specific discrepancy between Erk and CREB phosphorylation. Possible explanations for these findings and comparison with the effects of restraint stress will be discussed.
### Instruction: Does restoration of fibroblast growth factor receptor2 suppress growth and tumorigenicity of malignant human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells? ### Response:
The results indicate that restoration of FGFR2IIIb to the malignant human prostate epithelial cell prototype PC-3 restores properties associated with nonmalignant tumors and normal cells. This further suggests that epithelial cell resident, homeostasis-promoting FGFR2 may be involved in suppression of malignancy and that restoration may be a candidate for gene therapy of hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
### Instruction: Are thoracic epidural local anesthetics ineffective in alleviating post-thoracotomy ipsilateral shoulder pain? ### Response:
It is concluded that post-thoracotomy shoulder pain is a common problem, and the previously mentioned variables did not predict its appearance. Thoracic epidural block is effective in the treatment of incision but not shoulder pain. The NSAID indomethacin suppository was found to be effective for that problem.
### Instruction: Does [ Studies on purification of polyprenol from Ginkgo biloba L. leave ]? ### Response:
The methods are feasible to purify polyprenol from leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. and could increase the purity of polyprenol obviously.
### Instruction: Does intracoronary verapamil rapidly terminate reperfusion tachyarrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction? ### Response:
Intracoronary administration of verapamil can safely terminate reperfusion-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias in a rapid manner. However, this effect was not seen for reperfusion-induced VF.
### Instruction: Does restrictive annuloplasty and coronary revascularization in ischemic mitral regurgitation result in reverse left ventricular remodeling? ### Response:
Excellent results of combined restrictive annuloplasty and CABG were obtained. Residual mitral regurgitation was absent/minimal at 2-year follow-up, associated with a significant reduction in left atrial dimension and LV reverse remodeling.
### Instruction: Does undersized mitral annuloplasty alter left ventricular shape during acute ischemic mitral regurgitation? ### Response:
Acute proximal circumflex occlusion caused IMR and increased end-systolic LV radii of curvature in this experimental preparation. Annular reduction sufficient to abolish IMR also decreased end-systolic anterior and posterior LV ROC, which would be expected to reduce LV wall stress and oxygen consumption in these regions, both potentially beneficial effects. The long-term effects of undersized annuloplasty on LV remodeling and function, however, will require further study in chronic animal preparations or patients with chronic IMR.
### Instruction: Does role of platelet surface glycoprotein Ibalpha and P-selectin in the clearance of transfused platelet concentrate? ### Response:
These data suggest that CD62 exposure on the PLT surface during PC storage triggers fast CD62-mediated PC clearance, whereas in vitro GPIbalpha changes are involved in delayed GPIbalpha-mediated PC clearance.
### Instruction: Is mac-2-binding protein a diagnostic marker for biliary tract carcinoma? ### Response:
Biliary Mac-2BP levels, especially when used in conjunction with biliary CA19-9 levels, showed promise as a novel diagnostic marker for biliary tract carcinoma.
### Instruction: Does failure of high risk women to produce nipple aspirate fluid exclude detection of cytologic atypia in random periareolar fine needle aspiration specimens? ### Response:
Although prevalence of RPFNA atypia was numerically higher in NAF producers than non-producers the difference did not reach statistical significance. Failure to produce NAF does not exclude the presence of hyperplasia with atypia by random periareolar fine needle aspiration.
### Instruction: Does captopril suppress post-transplantation angiogenic activity in rat allograft coronary vessels? ### Response:
After transplantation, coronary vessels switch to an angiogenic phenotype and vascular endothelial growth factor contributes to the high angiogenic activity, possibly exacerbated by high circulating levels of platelet-activating factor. The ability of captopril to modulate angiogenic mediators and maintain the allograft coronary to its normal anti-angiogenic phenotype may be one mechanism by which it suppresses transplant coronary artery disease.
### Instruction: Are full-term , peri-urban South African infants under 6 months of age at risk for early-onset anaemia? ### Response:
A high rate of anaemia is present in lactating women residing in resource-poor settings. Moreover, their seemingly healthy infants under 6 months of age are at an elevated risk of developing early-onset anaemia and at lower risk of VAD.
### Instruction: Does inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction involve reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and increased oxidant stress? ### Response:
Inflammation causes widespread endothelial dysfunction, reduces vascular NO bioavailability and increases oxidative stress. These actions are partially reversible with local anti-oxidants. These findings suggest a role for reactive oxygen species in inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction.
### Instruction: Does inflammatory signaling pathway containing TRAF6 contribute to neointimal formation via diverse mechanisms? ### Response:
TRAF6 plays important roles in cell replication and migration, besides promotion of inflammatory cell infiltration and suppression of apoptosis.
### Instruction: Does 7-Ketocholesterol induce reversible cytochrome c release in smooth muscle cells in absence of mitochondrial swelling? ### Response:
The results indicate that cytochrome c release during oxysterol-induced SMC apoptosis is not caspase-dependent and occurs as a result of a reversible mitochondrial conformational change rather than swelling and rupture of the outer membrane. The reversibility of these events suggests that the apoptotic cascade could be arrested before a point of no return.
### Instruction: Does cigarette suppress the expression of P4Halpha and vascular collagen production? ### Response:
Our study suggests that cigarette may interfere with one of the key enzymes in arterial wall collagen metabolism, which may be responsible for thin fibrous cap in atherosclerotic lesion, impaired arterial wall extensibility, and increased likelihood of aneurysm in smokers.
### Instruction: Does timing of administration of dolasetron affect dose necessary to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting? ### Response:
When dosed near the end of anesthesia, a 12.5 mg IV dose of dolasetron was comparable to higher doses administered at or before induction of anesthesia.
### Instruction: Is a noninvasive partial carbon dioxide rebreathing technique for measurement of pulmonary capillary blood flow also a useful oxygenation monitor during one-lung ventilation? ### Response:
Effective pulmonary capillary blood flow index and effective pulmonary blood stroke flow index are useful indicators for determining appropriate oxygenation therapy during one-lung ventilation.
### Instruction: Is de novo glutamine synthesis induced by corticosteroids in vivo in rats secondary to weight loss? ### Response:
Two weeks treatment with triamcinolone increases net in vivo protein breakdown of muscle directly and indirectly due to secondary weight loss and decreased food intake. The amino acid residues are used for glutamine de novo synthesis which is exported from muscle to visceral organs by down regulation of glutamine transport systems. These changes were in majority related to muscle weight loss.
### Instruction: Is oxidative stress implicated in the pathogenesis of lichen sclerosus? ### Response:
This is the first study to demonstrate oxidative damage to lipids, DNA and proteins in LS, revealing a novel pathophysiological mechanism which may contribute to sclerosis, autoimmunity and carcinogenesis. Therapeutic strategies using antioxidants might be a useful new approach in the treatment of LS and could also help to prevent secondary malignancies.
### Instruction: Do cARD15/NOD2 single nucleotide polymorphisms confer susceptibility to type I psoriasis? ### Response:
The most complete assessment of CARD15 SNPs in type I psoriasis to date reveals no evidence of association to type I psoriasis.
### Instruction: Are structural abnormalities similar in familial and nonfamilial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy? ### Response:
Anterior temporal lobe atrophy and other abnormalities outside the mesial portion of temporal lobes were infrequent in both familial and nonfamilial MTLE patients. Despite the genetic basis, hippocampal atrophy in FMTLE is not associated with other abnormalities outside the mesial temporal regions.
### Instruction: Are tAU mutations a predominant cause of frontotemporal dementia in Canadian patients? ### Response:
Our results agree with previous work suggesting that mutations in this gene are not a frequent cause of the frontotemporal dementia phenotype in Canadian patients.
### Instruction: Does single-cell gel electrophoresis assay monitor precise kinetics of DNA fragmentation induced during programmed cell death? ### Response:
The present single-cell gel electrophoresis assay offers a significant improvement in monitoring the kinetics of DNA fragmentation induced during programmed cell death. Coupled with its simplicity and the ability to detect responses of small cell subpopulations, this method can be used for a reliable and sensitive analysis of the progression of cell death in different cell types and treatment conditions.
### Instruction: Does spironolactone impair endothelial function and heart rate variability in patients with type 2 diabetes? ### Response:
Spironolactone worsened endothelial function and heart rate variability in patients with type 2 diabetes. These findings are possibly due to the worsening of glycaemic control and increase in plasma angiotensin II that were seen with spironolactone treatment. Thus the prescription of spironolactone to diabetic patients without heart failure does not seem to be justified.
### Instruction: Do endoscopic rehabilitation of vocal cord paralysis with a silicone elastomer suspension implant? ### Response:
The use of SSEI is safe. Injection laryngoplasty is easy to perform and avoids cervical scarring. Its results are comparable to those obtained with other techniques, including laryngeal framework surgery, even if there is no standard criterion for the evaluation of voice quality. SSEI injection can reasonably be proposed as a surgical treatment for permanent unilateral vocal cord LP.
### Instruction: Does droperidol for perioperative sedation cause a transient prolongation of the QTc time in children under volatile anesthesia? ### Response:
The statistically significant prolongation of QTc time after a sedative dose of droperidol is of concern because it may increase the risk for malignant cardiac arrhythmias. A large, prospective study is necessary to identify the true risk for arrhythmias after droperidol in this patient population, but our study suggests that any arrhythmogenic risk, if present, will be very transient, since the increase in QTc time was limited to a period of less than 30 min after the bolus.
### Instruction: Is [ A perioperative screening for metastatic disease indicated in patients with primary breast cancer and no clinical signs of tumor spread ]? ### Response:
In breast cancer patients without clinical signs of tumor spread perioperative screening for metastases is not warranted because of low frequency of metastases, false positive findings, missing therapeutic consequences and high costs.
### Instruction: Does experiential learning influence residents knowledge about hormone replacement therapy? ### Response:
Nontraditional residency track and higher proportion of postmenopausal women in a practice (experiential learning) improve knowledge about HRT. Didactic training has no effect.
### Instruction: Is pulmonary regurgitation an important determinant of right ventricular contractile dysfunction in patients with surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot? ### Response:
Although load-dependent myocardial velocities and strain are not influenced by the severity of PR and presence of significant TR, IVA demonstrates reduced contractile function in relation to the degree of PR and may be an early, sensitive index for selecting patients for valve replacement.
### Instruction: Does atrial natriuretic peptide help prevent late remodeling after left ventricular aneurysm repair? ### Response:
Intravenous administration of ANP had beneficial effects on LV remodeling, function, and fibrosis after LVR. ANP could be a useful intravenous infusion drug for postoperative management after LV repair surgery.
### Instruction: Is experimental human endotoxemia associated with depression of load-independent contractility indices : prevention by the lipid a analogue E5531? ### Response:
Endotoxin generates significant myocardial depression when measured using highly load-independent indices of cardiac contractility. E5531 is a potent inhibitor of the early hyperdynamic cardiovascular and later myocardial depression response seen in experimental human endotoxemia.
### Instruction: Is survivin an independent prognostic marker for risk stratification of breast cancer patients? ### Response:
Survivin demonstrates a strong, independent, association with poor prognosis. Survivin might be used as a new marker to stratify breast cancer patients for more optimal treatment modalities, or it could be a promising new target for therapy.
### Instruction: Does endoplasmic reticulum degradation impede olfactory G-protein coupled receptor functional expression? ### Response:
These findings demonstrate that poor functional expression of mOREG in heterologous cells is improved by blocking proteolysis. Inhibition of ER degradation may improve the function of other ORs and assist future efforts to elucidate the molecular basis of odor discrimination.
### Instruction: Does overexpression of iNOS gene suppress the tumorigenicity and metastasis of oral cancer cells? ### Response:
These findings suggest that up-regulation of the iNOS gene may suppress the tumorigenicity and metastasis of oral cancer cells.
### Instruction: Is 2-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography imaging predictive of pathologic response and survival after preoperative chemoradiation in patients with esophageal carcinoma? ### Response:
Post-CRT FDG-PET was found to be predictive of pathologic response and survival in patients with esophageal carcinoma who undergo preoperative CRT. Esophagectomy should still be considered even if the post-CRT FDG-PET scan is normal because microscopic residual disease cannot be ruled out.
### Instruction: Does [ Osteoporosis impair fracture healing of tibia in a rat osteoporotic model ]? ### Response:
Osteoporosis influences the middle and late periods of fracture healing in the rat osteoporostic model. The impairment is considered to be the result of the combined effects of the prolonged endochondral calcification, high activated osteoclast cell and the deceleration of the increase in bone mineral density.
### Instruction: Does docosahexaenoic acid enhance the susceptibility of human colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil? ### Response:
Our results indicate that DHA strongly increases the antineoplastic effects of low concentrations of 5-FU. Overall, the results suggest that combinations of low doses of the two compounds could represent a chemotherapeutic approach with low toxicity.
### Instruction: Does lycopene from two food sources affect antioxidant or cholesterol status of middle-aged adults? ### Response:
The inclusion of watermelon or tomato juice containing 20 mg lycopene did not affect plasma lipid concentrations or antioxidant status of healthy subjects. However, plasma cholesterol levels impacted the results of MDA and FRAP antioxidant tests.
### Instruction: Is activator protein 1 DNA binding activity decreased in lesional psoriatic skin compared with nonlesional psoriatic skin? ### Response:
Together, these results suggest that the activity of the transcription factor AP-1 is impaired in lesional psoriatic skin and that this impairment may be important for the disturbed epidermal growth observed in psoriasis.
### Instruction: Is iodopropynylbutyl carbamate 0.2 % suggested for patch testing of patients with eczema possibly related to preservatives? ### Response:
Patch testing with IPBC 0.2% is suggested for patients with eczema possibly related to preservatives.
### Instruction: Is normal-looking skin in oncohaematological patients after allogenic bone marrow transplantation normal? ### Response:
Normal-looking skin in 76% of BMT patients is not necessarily histologically normal. The pattern with more prominent changes, the GvHD-like pattern, has been found to be associated with a more frequent history of CMV antigen in the blood within 100 days from BMT.
### Instruction: Does point-of-care testing have a limited effect on time to clinical decision in primary health care? ### Response:
POCT has a limited effect on the clinical logistics in PHCs.
### Instruction: Does glutamine potently stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion from GLUTag cells? ### Response:
Glutamine acts as a trigger and potentiator of GLP-1 release, consistent with its role as the major metabolic fuel for the gut. The results suggest that nutritional agents like glutamine might have beneficial effects in diabetes and obesity.
### Instruction: Is population-based stepwise screening for unrecognised Type 2 diabetes ineffective in general practice despite reliable algorithms? ### Response:
Population-based mail-distributed stepwise screening for Type 2 diabetes in general practice is ineffective, despite reliable screening algorithms, primarily because many high-risk individuals fail to participate.
### Instruction: Does production of infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 require depletion of APOBEC3G from virus-producing cells? ### Response:
Our results suggest that Vif and APOBEC3G can be efficiently co-expressed. Thus, depletion of APOBEC3G from Vif expressing cells as suggested previously is not a universal property of Vif and thus is not imperative for the production of infectious virions.
### Instruction: Do simple statistical models predict C-to-U edited sites in plant mitochondrial RNA? ### Response:
Simple models do moderately well in predicting which cytidines will be edited to uridines, and provide the first quantitative predictive models for RNA edited sites in plant mitochondria. Our analysis shows that the identity of the nucleotide -1 to the edited C and the estimated free energy of folding for a 41 nt region surrounding the edited C are the most important variables that distinguish most edited from non-edited sites. However, the results suggest that primary sequence data and simple free energy of folding calculations alone are insufficient to make highly accurate predictions.
### Instruction: Is polymorphism within the glutathione S-transferase P1 gene associated with increased susceptibility to childhood malignant diseases? ### Response:
Our results support the hypothesis that GST genotype affects etiology and outcome of a variety of childhood malignancies.
### Instruction: Does apelin have in vivo inotropic effects on normal and failing hearts? ### Response:
The present study is the first to show that apelin has positive inotropic effects in vivo in both normal rat hearts and rat hearts in failure after myocardial infarction. Apelin may have use as an acute inotropic agent in patients with ischemic heart failure.
### Instruction: Does inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity by TIMP-1 gene transfer effectively treat ischemic cardiomyopathy? ### Response:
TIMP-1 gene transfer inhibits MMP activity and preserves cardiac function and geometry in ischemic cardiomyopathy. The reduction in myocardial fibrosis may be primarily responsible for the improved diastolic function in treated animals. TIMP-1 overexpression is a promising therapeutic target for continued investigation.
### Instruction: Does adenosine induce dephosphorylation of myosin II regulatory light chain in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells? ### Response:
(1) CREB phosphorylation in response to ADO and NECA, which indicates activation of the cAMP-PKA axis, suggests expression of A2b receptors in BCEC. (2) ERK1 and ERK2, activated by cAMP and A2b receptors, promote MLC phosphorylation. However, the net result of cAMP elevation is MLC dephosphorylation, presumably because the competing pathways involving inactivation of MLCK and/or ROCK are dominant (Rho-associated coiled coil-containing protein kinase or Rho kinase). (3) Consistent with MLC dephosphorylation, exposure to ADO increases TER, which suggests increased barrier integrity.
### Instruction: Is the prostatic utricle a Müllerian duct remnant : immunohistochemical evidence for a distinct urogenital sinus origin? ### Response:
We show that the utricle forms as an ingrowth of specialized cells from the dorsal wall of the UGS as the caudal MDs regress.
### Instruction: Is evidence-based care for alcohol use disorders affordable? ### Response:
Evidence-based care for alcohol use disorders would produce greater population health gain at an increased cost for alcohol dependence but at a reduced cost for harmful use of alcohol. For both disorders, there are substantial increases in cost-effectiveness.
### Instruction: Does doxycycline ameliorate ischemic and border-zone remodeling and endothelial dysfunction after myocardial infarction in rats? ### Response:
Results suggest a protective action of doxycycline in the ischemic heart, possibly because of additional pharmacologic actions such as metalloproteinase inhibition.
### Instruction: Does glutamate transporter localization correspond to the temporary functional recovery and late degeneration after acute ocular ischemia in rats? ### Response:
While retinal glutamate transport is compromised during an acute ischemic insult, consequent retinal recovery and degeneration are not due to a change in the excitatory amino acid transporter localization or D-aspartate (glutamate analogue) uptake. Rat retina and optic nerve are capable of spontaneous, but temporary, functional recovery after an acute ischemic insult.
### Instruction: Is platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase associated with carotid intima-media thickness in hypercholesterolemic Sicilian individuals? ### Response:
Our data provided no evidence that PAF-AH polymorphisms influence PAF-AH activity and atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic Sicilian patients.
### Instruction: Does cDNA array-CGH profiling identify genomic alterations specific to stage and MYCN-amplification in neuroblastoma? ### Response:
cDNA A-CGH analysis is an efficient method for the detection and characterization of amplicons. Furthermore we were able to detect single copy number changes using our probabilistic approach and identified genomic alterations specific to stage and MYCN amplification.
### Instruction: Is serum paraoxonase activity decreased in the active stage of Behçet 's disease? ### Response:
Endothelial damage and increased polymorph nuclear leucocyte activity in the active stage of BD could result in a pro-oxidation environment which, in turn, results in decreased antioxidant PON activity and increased lipid peroxidation as evidenced by increased MDA levels.
### Instruction: Does voxel-based morphometry reveal gray matter network atrophy in refractory medial temporal lobe epilepsy? ### Response:
Patients with MTLE exhibit a reduction in GMC in regions outside the temporal lobe, specifically in areas that are connected to the hippocampus and parahippocampal region, suggesting an anatomical route for atrophy.
### Instruction: Does sodium intake affect urinary albumin excretion especially in overweight subjects? ### Response:
Sodium intake is positively related to urinary albumin excretion. This relation is more pronounced in subjects with a higher BMI. These results suggest that high sodium intake may unfavourably influences cardiovascular prognosis especially in overweight and obese subjects.
### Instruction: Do another look at heavy episodic drinking and alcohol use disorders among college and noncollege youth? ### Response:
Heavy episodic drinking and alcohol use disorders are youth as well as college phenomena. Prevention campaigns targeted at all youth are needed to supplement interventions conducted at the campus level.
### Instruction: Does p16INK4a and p21Waf1/Cip1 expression correlate with clinical outcome in vulvar carcinomas? ### Response:
Our study indicates a prognostic relevance for p16 and p21 immunoreactivity. Low level of p16 protein and high level of p21 protein were associated with a shorter disease-related survival. We did not find p27 protein expression to be useful as a prognostic indicator in vulvar carcinoma patients.
### Instruction: Does interferon-gamma sensitize osteosarcoma cells to Fas-induced apoptosis by up-regulating Fas receptors and caspase-8? ### Response:
IFN-gamma sensitizes osteosarcoma cells to Fas-induced apoptosis through up-regulation of Fas receptor and caspase-8. Combined immunotherapy with IFN-gamma and either anti-Fas monoclonal antibody or cytotoxic T cells that bear Fas ligand might be a useful adjunctive therapy for patients with osteosarcoma.
### Instruction: Does cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A negatively modulate adherens junction integrity and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells? ### Response:
Our studies show that cAMP/PKA signaling negatively regulates adherens junction integrity as well as morphological and functional differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells.
### Instruction: Does morbidity and mortality of colorectal carcinoma surgery differ by insurance status? ### Response:
The current study findings suggest that the uninsured and Medicaid populations are at greater risk of developing postoperative complications and dying than the privately insured population due only in part to preexisting medical comorbidities and emergent admission type.
### Instruction: Does psychosocial and lifestyle correlate of premenstrual symptoms among military women? ### Response:
Work stress may mediate the relationship among depression and premenstrual symptoms. Further research is needed to elucidate the biological interrelationships among work stress, hormonal function, and premenstrual symptomatology.
### Instruction: Are prostasomes secreted from poorly differentiated cells of prostate cancer metastases? ### Response:
We conclude that prostasomes produced by the cells of vertebral metastases of prostate cancer are distributed both intracellularly and extracellularly in the interstitial spaces of the tissue. Thus, prostasomes of metastases could perhaps be exploited as targets for immunodiagnosis and/or immunotherapy.
### Instruction: Does perioperative enoximone infusion improve cardiac enzyme release after CABG? ### Response:
Postoperative enoximone reduced troponin I release and need for inotropic support in patients undergoing on-pump myocardial revascularization. Subgroup data were confirmed in diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy, and total arterial revascularization.
### Instruction: Does sophorae radix extract inhibit high glucose-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 up-regulation on endothelial cell line? ### Response:
These data suggest that SR extract inhibits high glucose-mediated monocytes-endothelial cells adhesions and expression of VCAM-1 via inhibition of NF-kappaB translocation.
### Instruction: Does soluble human complement receptor 1 limit ischemic damage in cardiac surgery patients at high risk requiring cardiopulmonary bypass? ### Response:
TP10 effectively inhibits complement activation during CPB; however, this was not associated with an improvement in the primary endpoint of the study. Nevertheless, TP10 did significantly decrease the incidence of mortality and MI in male patients.
### Instruction: Is oesophageal histology in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease of minor pre- and postoperative diagnostic value? ### Response:
The role of oesophageal histology in preoperative diagnosis and postoperative follow-up of GORD may be considered limited.
### Instruction: Does blockade of the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 accelerate graft arterial disease in cardiac allografts? ### Response:
The PD-L1 pathway regulates both the proliferation of SMCs and GAD. Thus, control of this interaction is a promising strategy for suppression of GAD.
### Instruction: Are oestrogen deficiency and growth hormone treatment in childhood associated with hearing in adults with turner syndrome? ### Response:
Current regimens of oestrogen and GH therapy have no impact on adult hearing loss in TS, independent of age. The prevalence of SNHL increases with age. CHL but not SNHL is associated with ENT history and karyotype. According to present evidence, the only possible intervention to reduce hearing loss in women with TS remains assiduous treatment of ENT problems in childhood.
### Instruction: Does [ Cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein 1 initiate chondrogenic differentiation of human dermal fibroblasts in vitro ]? ### Response:
These results suggests human dermal derived fibroblast could be differentiated into chondrogenic phenotype with CDMP1 induction in vitro.
### Instruction: Is cYP2C19 polymorphism a major predictor of treatment failure in white patients by use of lansoprazole-based quadruple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori? ### Response:
Eradication rates of H pylori highly depend on CYP2C19 in white patients if standard doses of lansoprazole (30 mg twice daily) are administered within a quadruple regimen. Because wt/wt individuals have lower eradication rates and lower serum concentrations of lansoprazole, these patients might benefit from a higher proton pump inhibitor dosage.
### Instruction: Is bladder neck invasion an independent predictor of prostate-specific antigen recurrence? ### Response:
In the current study, bladder neck involvement was an independent predictor of early PSA recurrence. The data demonstrated the importance of continued assessment of bladder neck invasion and supported the placement of tumors with bladder neck involvement in a stage that recognizes the prognostic implications of such involvement.
### Instruction: Does iL-6 play an obligatory role in late preconditioning via JAK-STAT signaling and upregulation of iNOS and COX-2? ### Response:
IL-6 does not modulate myocardial infarct size in naïve myocardium. However, following a PC stimulus, IL-6 is obligatorily required for the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, the ensuing upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 (co-mediators of late PC), and the development of a cardioprotective phenotype.
### Instruction: Is regulation of glucose transporter expression in cardiac myocytes : p38 MAPK a strong inducer of GLUT4? ### Response:
Spontaneous dedifferentiation of adult rat cardiomyocytes in vitro is associated with downregulation of GLUT4, which can be reversed by treatment with IGF-1. The effect of IGF-1 is mediated by the p38 MAPK/MEF2 axis, which is a strong inducer of GLUT4 expression.
### Instruction: Does ischemic preconditioning attenuate calpain-mediated degradation of structural proteins through a protein kinase A-dependent mechanism? ### Response:
These results are consistent with PKA-dependent attenuation of calpain-mediated degradation of structural proteins being an end-effector mechanism of the protection afforded by IPC.
### Instruction: Does procedure for unmasking localization information from ProstaScint scan for prostate radiation therapy treatment planning? ### Response:
ProstaScint images are now closer to becoming a biologically and therapeutically useful and accurate image set. After known sources of normal intensity are stripped away, the remaining areas that demonstrate uptake may be segmented and superimposed on the treatment-planning CT/MRI volume.
### Instruction: Does n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation decrease asymmetric dimethyl arginine and arachidonate accumulation in aging spontaneously hypertensive rats? ### Response:
EPA and DHA supplementation reduced ADMA accumulation in SHR in parallel with a decrease of arachidonate availability. This finding suggests that the control of the inflammatory ground of endothelium might play an important role in EPA and DHA effect on this novel and highly predictive cardiovascular risk factor.
### Instruction: Does modest in vivo exposure to solar wavelengths induce a visible absorbing chromophore in Skh-1 mouse epidermis? ### Response:
Accumulation of such a chromophore in humans may contribute to the coloration of chronically exposed skin. The absorption strength and wavelength location of the peak is strongly suggestive of a heme-like compound. We are currently conducting experiments to further characterize this chromophore.
### Instruction: Does hydrolysis of casein accelerate gastrointestinal transit via reduction of opioid receptor agonists released from casein in rats? ### Response:
The present data suggest that hydrolysis of casein accelerates GIT via reduction of opioid activity released during digestion. Further studies are required to investigate to which extent these rat pub data apply to preterm infants.