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### Instruction:
Does radial forearm free tissue transfer reduce complications in salvage skull base surgery?
### Response:
| Reconstruction with fasciocutaneous free tissue transfer for high-risk patients with low-volume dural defects following skull base resection can minimize the risk of major postoperative complications. |
### Instruction:
Does ambulatory monitoring predict development of drug-treated hypertension in subjects with high normal blood pressure?
### Response:
| We conclude that ABPM correctly predicts development of drug-treated hypertension in most subjects who were identified early as having a daytime mean ABP >135/85 mmHg. ABPM appears to be a useful clinical tool in the early diagnosis of hypertension in subjects with metabolic risk factors and smoking. |
### Instruction:
Do health care services use by workers with work-related contact dermatitis?
### Response:
| This descriptive information suggests that there are gaps in health services for patients with work-related skin disease and that there is a need for refinement of the delivery of health services related to occupational disease. A redesign of the occupational health care delivery system to address these issues and an e... |
### Instruction:
Is high microvascular density correlated with high VEGF , iNOS and COX-2 expression in penetrating growth-type early gastric carcinomas?
### Response:
| Increased MVD in PEN type has an intimate causal relationship to angiogenic factors, high VEGF and iNOS expression. The SUP type, in contrast, has characteristics of low angiogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does hLA-DR2 predict susceptibility and disease chronicity in Irish sarcoidosis patients?
### Response:
| This study supports the role of HLA-DR2 (15) as both a susceptibility and poor prognostic marker in sarcoidosis and DR2 positive patients may particularly benefit from close follow-up and early treatment. In contrast, DR3 positive patients are at a much lesser risk of chronic disease. Studies for long-term treatment ef... |
### Instruction:
Does prevalence and determinants of physician participation in conducting pharmaceutical-sponsored clinical trials and lecture?
### Response:
| A substantial number of internists engage in pharmaceutical industry-sponsored clinical trials and/or lectures in an effort to supplement their incomes. Physician dissatisfaction with income appears to partially explain such participation. |
### Instruction:
Are soluble TRAIL concentrations raised in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus?
### Response:
| Serum sTRAIL concentrations are increased SLE patients. This seems to be disease specific and could indicate a role for TRAIL in SLE pathophysiology. |
### Instruction:
Does oral Polypodium leucotomos extract decrease ultraviolet-induced damage of human skin?
### Response:
| Oral administration of PL is an effective systemic chemophotoprotective agent leading to significant protection of skin against UV radiation. |
### Instruction:
Is myostatin expression altered by insulin deficiency and replacement in streptozotocin-diabetic rat skeletal muscles?
### Response:
| Muscle-specific myostatin expression is not increased under catabolic conditions in insulin-deprived diabetes. Insulin treatment also does not change myostatin transcript levels. The data provide the first assessment of potential interplay between insulin and myostatin and they do not support a major role of circulatin... |
### Instruction:
Does active transforming growth factor-beta1 activate the procollagen I promoter in patients with acute lung injury?
### Response:
| Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from ALI/ARDS patients activates procollagen I promoter, which is due partly to TGF-beta1. Activated TGF-beta1 may impact ARDS outcome independent of its effect on procollagen I activation. |
### Instruction:
Does tolbutamide potentiate the volume-regulated anion channel current in rat pancreatic beta cells?
### Response:
| Tolbutamide can induce beta cell electrical activity by potentiating the glucose- and volume-regulated anion channel current. This effect is probably not due to a direct effect of the drug on the channel, but could be secondary to a metabolic action in the beta cell. |
### Instruction:
Do low levels of estrogen receptor beta protein predict resistance to tamoxifen therapy in breast cancer?
### Response:
| These findings provide evidence that ER-beta may be an independent predictor of response to tamoxifen in breast cancer. Furthermore, these results suggest that ER-beta may influence tumor progression in ways different from those mediated by the ER-alpha isoform. |
### Instruction:
Does association of cholesterol with stroke risk vary in stroke subtypes and patient subgroups?
### Response:
| Higher total and lower HDL cholesterol levels were associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke, especially certain stroke subtypes and patient subgroups. The lowest levels of total cholesterol were associated with an increased risk of all hemorrhagic strokes. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase or extracellular signal-regulated kinase improve lung injury?
### Response:
| JNK and ERK play pivotal roles in LPS-induced acute lung injury. Therefore, inhibition of JNK or ERK activity has potential as an effective therapeutic strategy in interventions of inflammatory cascade-associated lung injury. |
### Instruction:
Does optical coherence tomography detect characteristic retinal nerve fiber layer thickness corresponding to band atrophy of the optic discs?
### Response:
| The degree of RNFL thickness reduction correlated with that of visual field defects. Optical coherence tomography was able to identify the characteristic pattern of RNFL loss in these eyes. |
### Instruction:
Does cardiopulmonary bypass reduce the minimum alveolar concentration for isoflurane?
### Response:
| CPB resulted in a small (10%) but significant reduction in the MAC for isoflurane. The mechanism behind this reduction in MAC is not clear but may be related to CPB-induced cerebral injury. |
### Instruction:
Does simvastatin blunt the increase of circulating adhesion molecules after coronary artery bypass surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass?
### Response:
| Pretreatment with simvastatin significantly reduces the increase of ICAM-1 and ELAM-1 after coronary artery bypass surgery, by a mechanism that seems not related to its efficacy in lowering cholesterol levels. |
### Instruction:
Are peritoneal dialysis fluid-induced changes of the peritoneal membrane reversible after peritoneal rest in rats?
### Response:
| We show that PD fluid-induced cellular and morphological alterations of the peritoneal membrane are generally reversible. |
### Instruction:
Do individual differences in renal ACE activity in healthy rats predict susceptibility to adriamycin-induced renal damage?
### Response:
| Individual differences in renal ACE activity predict the severity of adriamycin-induced renal damage in this outbred rat strain. This supports the assumption that differences in renal ACE activity predispose to a less favourable course of renal damage. |
### Instruction:
Does uric acid correlate with the severity of histopathological parameters in IgA nephropathy?
### Response:
| We conclude that many metabolic factors are univariately associated with renal morphological findings in IgAN. These same factors are central in the metabolic or insulin resistance syndrome and may have a pathogenetic role in the progression of IgAN. Serum uric acid may have an independent role in development of tubulo... |
### Instruction:
Is transplanting kidneys from CMV-seropositive donors to CMV-seronegative recipients associated with poorer renal allograft function or survival?
### Response:
| The D+/R- group does not appear to have poorer renal allograft function 3 years post-transplant. This group does, however, have an increased risk of early allograft loss due to acute rejection. |
### Instruction:
Is preoperative ultrasound worthwhile for reoperative parathyroid surgery?
### Response:
| High-resolution ultrasound is an accurate method for localizing parathyroid adenomas even in patients who have previously undergone parathyroid exploration. However, the presence of thyroid nodules can interfere with its accuracy. |
### Instruction:
Is phytanic acid accumulation associated with conduction delay and sudden cardiac death in sterol carrier protein-2/sterol carrier protein-x deficient mice?
### Response:
| Accumulation of phytanic acid in myocardial phospholipid membranes is associated with bradycardia and impaired AV nodal and intraventricular impulse conduction, which could provide an explanation for sudden cardiac death in this model. |
### Instruction:
Is the diagnostic randomized clinical trial the best solution for management issues in critical limb ischemia?
### Response:
| A D-RCT can provide valuable information as to the evaluation of diagnostic tests. |
### Instruction:
Does acute diclofenac treatment attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced alterations to basic reward behavior and HPA axis activation in rats?
### Response:
| These new data provide a comprehensive assessment of the acute effects of diclofenac on LPS exposure in rats and confirm a role for NSAIDs in attenuating endotoxin-induced anhedonia. Of particular importance, the data reveal that the observed effects are mediated via the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis at the level... |
### Instruction:
Are markers of inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease also associated with glycosylated haemoglobin A1c within the normal range?
### Response:
| In subjects with known coronary atherosclerosis, low-degree inflammatory activity is not only increased in diabetic patients, but also increased with increasing HbA(1c) in non-diabetic individuals with HbA(1c) within the normal range, i.e., at a pre-diabetic level of glucose metabolism derangement. |
### Instruction:
Is sMAC expressed de novo in a subset of cervical cancer tumors?
### Response:
| Smac is expressed de novo in a subset of cervical cancer patients, reflecting a possible heterogeneity in the pathways leading to cervical cancer. There was no correlation with any clinical variable. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Observation of clinical response of `` sheng ban recipe '' for platelets decrease after chemotherapy ]?
### Response:
| "Sheng Ban Recipe" can effectively treat thrombocytopenia after chemotherapy, which helps to reduce the necessary of intravenous drip of platelets and the risk of hemorrhage. |
### Instruction:
Does suppression of transforming growth factor-beta result in upregulation of transcription of regeneration factors after chronic liver injury?
### Response:
| In rats with DMN-induced liver injury, anti-TGF-beta molecular intervention therapy stimulates proliferation and reduces apoptosis of hepatocytes, and also up-regulates the transcription of various growth factors. |
### Instruction:
Does incidence and risk factors of early venous thrombosis associated with permanent pacemaker lead?
### Response:
| Established risk factors for venous thrombosis and the presence of multiple pacemaker leads contribute substantially to the occurrence of thrombosis associated with permanent pacemaker leads. Risk factor assessment prior to implantation may be useful for identifying patients at risk for thrombotic complications. Preven... |
### Instruction:
Is beta2 adrenergic receptor gene Arg16Gly polymorphism associated with therapeutic efficacy of benazepril on essential hypertension in Chinese?
### Response:
| Our family-based study provided the first evidence that ADRB2 R16G polymorphism may play an important role in DBP response to benazepril treatment, although the magnitude of the effect appears to be modified by other risk factors such as plasma lipid and glucose profiles. |
### Instruction:
Does erythropoietin improve left ventricular function and coronary flow in an experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion injury?
### Response:
| The present data suggest that a functional EPO-R is present in rat adult cardiac tissue and that exogenous EPO administration improves cardiac function after ischemia/reperfusion injury. |
### Instruction:
Is vasopressin administered with epinephrine associated with a return of a pulse in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest?
### Response:
| There is an association between using vasopressin in combination with epinephrine and restoration of circulation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. |
### Instruction:
Does two-year statin therapy alter the progression of intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes without manifest cardiovascular disease?
### Response:
| There was no effect of 2 years' statin therapy on carotid IMT in type 2 diabetic subjects. The natural history of IMT in our patients was milder than anticipated. In contrast, we observed a significantly lower cardiovascular event rate on statin therapy. Prognostic tools other than IMT should be explored in this patien... |
### Instruction:
Is heat shock protein-27 upregulated in the temporal cortex of patients with epilepsy?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that HSP-27 becomes induced in response to epileptic pathology. Although the functional aspects of HSP-27 induction during human epilepsy have yet to be elucidated, it can be concluded that HSP-27 is a marker for cortical regions in which a stress response has been caused by seizures. |
### Instruction:
Is igG4-subclass of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody more frequent in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults than in type 1 diabetes?
### Response:
| The difference in GADA IgG-subclasses could indicate a different immune response, possibly an altered balance between T(h)1 and T(h)2 cytokine profile in pancreatic islets. This difference could contribute to the slower rate of beta cell destruction in LADA patients, as reflected by a higher C-peptide level at clinical... |
### Instruction:
Does innate immune system play a critical role in determining the progression and severity of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity?
### Response:
| NK and NKT cells play a critical role in the progression of APAP-induced liver injury by secreting IFN-gamma, modulating chemokine production and accumulation of neutrophils, and up-regulating FasL expression in the liver, all of which may promote the inflammatory response of liver innate immune system, thus contributi... |
### Instruction:
Does quantification of afferent vessels show reduced brain vascular density in subjects with leukoaraiosis?
### Response:
| Findings of decreased afferent vascular density in the area of LA and outside the lesion indicate that LA is a generalized cerebrovascular disease process rather than one confined to deep WM. |
### Instruction:
Does chlorine inhalation produce nasal airflow limitation in allergic rhinitic subjects without evidence of neuropeptide release?
### Response:
| Irritant-induced nasal airflow limitation is more pronounced among SAR than NR subjects. We could not, however, demonstrate a role for neuropeptide release in the nasal congestive response of SAR subjects. |
### Instruction:
Does thermal microdebridement affect the time zero biomechanical properties of human patellar tendons?
### Response:
| Thermal microdebridement does not affect the biomechanical properties of cadaveric human patellar tendons at the time of initial treatment. |
### Instruction:
Are matrix metalloproteinase-9 ( MMP-9 ) , MMP-2 , and serum elastase activity associated with systolic hypertension and arterial stiffness?
### Response:
| Aortic stiffness is related to MMP-9 levels and SEA, not only in ISH, but also in younger, apparently healthy individuals. This suggests that elastases including MMP-9 may be involved in the process of arterial stiffening and development of ISH. The relationship between arterial stiffness and elastase activity was exam... |
### Instruction:
Is lung biopsy with a 12-gauge cutting needle possible using an insertion sheath in animal models?
### Response:
| Although we have not evaluated lung tumor biopsy per se, lung tumor biopsy with a 12-gauge cutting needle may be possible with a use of a sheath. |
### Instruction:
Does intermittent hypoxia cause a suppressed pituitary growth hormone through somatostatin?
### Response:
| IH may cause a short-term and recoverable suppression of GH release, and reduce GH mRNA expression in anterior pituitary, which may depend on the intensity and duration of the hypoxia. This suppression may be due to a modulation of hypoxia-activated SS. |
### Instruction:
Is cerebral oxygen desaturation associated with early postoperative neuropsychological dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery?
### Response:
| Intraoperative cerebral oxygen desaturation is associated with early postoperative neuropsychological dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. However, it remains to be determined whether interventions to maintain adequate cerebral oxygenation may improve neuropsychological outcom... |
### Instruction:
Is cD8 T cell of donor splenocyte mixed with bone marrow cells more effective than CD4 T cell for induction of donor-specific tolerance in sublethally irradiated mice?
### Response:
| CD8SP seems to make a major contribution to enhance BMC engraftment and induce donor-specific tolerance. Ly6A/E (Sca-1)-positive cells need to be further investigated for their contribution to the establishment of chimerism. |
### Instruction:
Does desloratadine inhibit constitutive and histamine-stimulated nuclear factor-kappaB activity consistent with inverse agonism at the histamine H1 Receptor?
### Response:
| Desloratadine, acting through the histamine H1 receptor, inhibited basal NF-kappaB activity and can thus be classified as an inverse agonist. Inhibition of basal and histamine-stimulated NF-kappaB activity may help to explain previously reported inhibitory effects of desloratadine on allergic inflammatory mediators. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Two-tier screening process ( TEOAE/AABR ) reduce recall rates in newborn hearing screening ]?
### Response:
| A two-tier screening process as described is able to reduce recall rate, overall expenses and parental anxiety. |
### Instruction:
Is hIV status of sexual partners more important than antiretroviral treatment related perceptions for risk taking by HIV positive MSM in Montreal , Canada?
### Response:
| Despite much emphasis on HIV treatment related beliefs as an explanation for sexual risk taking in MSM, this concern may play a relatively minor part in the negotiation of risk by HIV positive MSM. Serosorting, safer sex fatigue, and the use of poppers appear to be more important considerations in understanding the sex... |
### Instruction:
Is mitochondrial inhibition of uracil-DNA glycosylase mutagenic?
### Response:
| These results suggest that human cell mitochondria contain alternatives glycosylase (s) that may function as back up DNA repair protein (s) that repair uracil in the mitochondria. |
### Instruction:
Does drugs and fall in older people in geriatric care settings?
### Response:
| Like functional and cognitive impairment, treatments with antidepressants and neuroleptics are predisposing factors for falls in older people in residential care. However, there seem to be differences between subgroups among these drugs and, from the perspective of fall prevention, SNRIs rather than SSRIs should perhap... |
### Instruction:
Does aquaporin-4 gene disruption in mice protect against impaired retinal function and cell death after ischemia?
### Response:
| AQP4 deletion in mice is neuroprotective in a transient ischemia model of retinal injury, suggesting the possible use of AQP4 inhibitors in retinal vascular occlusive and ischemic diseases. |
### Instruction:
Does focal adhesion kinase overexpression induce enhanced pathological retinal angiogenesis?
### Response:
| Modulating the FAK/FRNK system may provide a novel approach to inhibiting pathologic retinal angiogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does a new guidance device facilitate percutaneous puncture of the foramen ovale in human cadavers?
### Response:
| The employment of a guidance device facilitated percutaneous transforaminal puncture and resulted in a significantly decreased number of puncture attempts as compared to free-hand techniques in human cadavers. |
### Instruction:
Are the vascular relaxing effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane more important in hypertensive than in normotensive rats?
### Response:
| Our finding that the inhibitory effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane on Ang II-induced vasoconstriction are enhanced in SHR may, at least in part, account for the anesthesia-induced systemic hypotension frequently seen in hypertensive patients. |
### Instruction:
Are a high initial VAS score and sedation after iv morphine titration associated with the need for rescue analgesia?
### Response:
| Sedation during titration and an initial VAS > or = 60 are characteristics of the patients who require rescue (less than two hours) sc morphine after iv morphine titration. |
### Instruction:
Does coronary blood flow assessment after successful angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction predict the risk of long-term cardiac events?
### Response:
| The CFV pattern appears to be an accurate predictor of long-term cardiac events in patients having undergone successful reopening of the IRA after AMI, identifying a subset of at-risk patients. |
### Instruction:
Is biomechanical efficiency decreased in heart failure during low-level steady state and maximal ramp exercise?
### Response:
| HF subjects have an increased O(2) cost/Watt during SS and ramp exercise that correlates with HF symptoms of fatigue and breathlessness. Methods to improve biomechanical efficiency in HF subjects by exercise training or medications may improve the symptoms and the impaired exercise capacity associated with HF. |
### Instruction:
Is retinal delivery of celecoxib several-fold higher following subconjunctival administration compared to systemic administration?
### Response:
| The retinal delivery of celecoxib was substantially higher following subconjunctival administration compared to the intraperitoneal route. The transscleral pathway almost completely accounts for the retinal celecoxib delivery following subconjunctival administration. |
### Instruction:
Do n100 auditory potential and electroencephalogram discriminate propofol-induced sedation levels?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that the combined use of EEG and N100 may help to differentiate the propofol-induced sedation levels, and thus be a useful compliment to clinical sedation scales. |
### Instruction:
Is increased tidal volume variability in children a better marker of opioid-induced respiratory depression than decreased respiratory rate?
### Response:
| TV(var) increases as children approach opioid-induced respiratory depression. This is a more useful predictor of respiratory depression than a fall in respiratory rate because the TV(var) increase is 10 times the drop in respiratory rate. A TV(var) increase also correctly predicts respiratory depression twice as often ... |
### Instruction:
Are sympathetic and parasympathetic neuropathy frequent in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients?
### Response:
| Sympathetic and parasympathetic neuropathy were frequent in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. However, there was a difference between the two types of diabetes. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve functions correlated in type 1 but not in type 2 diabetic patients. The explanation for this discrepancy might be... |
### Instruction:
Is a multitargeted , metronomic , and maximum-tolerated dose `` chemo-switch '' regimen antiangiogenic , producing objective responses and survival benefit in a mouse model of cancer?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates a potentially tractable clinical strategy in a stringent preclinical model, wherein standard-of-care chemotherapy is followed by a novel maintenance regimen: PDFGR is targeted to disrupt pericyte support, while metronomic chemotherapy and/or VEGFR inhibitors target consequently sensitized endoth... |
### Instruction:
Does continuous detection of CMV DNA in plasma of patients with advanced HIV infection imply the poorest prognosis?
### Response:
| The presence of CMV DNA in plasma was frequent in 11 patients with advanced HIV infection. The continued presence of CMV DNA in plasma of the patients with low CD4+ cell counts was related to the development of clinical CMV disease and carried the poorest prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Are sinus rhythm electrogram shape measurements predictive of the origins and characteristics of multiple reentrant ventricular tachycardia morphologies?
### Response:
| Sinus rhythm electrogram analyses are useful for (1) localizing multiple reentrant circuits with differences in morphology that are inducible by premature stimulation in the infarct border zone, and (2) locating and orienting the position of a linear lesion for preventing recurrence of all morphologies with minimal dam... |
### Instruction:
Do pirfenidone and candesartan ameliorate morphological damage in mild chronic anti-GBM nephritis in rats?
### Response:
| Pirfenidone has a beneficial effect on morphological changes in anti-GBM GN comparable with candesartan although with a trend to slightly better results with candesartan treatment. Moreover, our results suggest an additive effect of combination treatment. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Construction and identification of anti-chymopapain scFv phage display library ]?
### Response:
| Phage display library of anti-chymopapain scFv was successfully constructed, and scFv with binding ability to chymopapain was obtained. |
### Instruction:
Does hypoxia potentiate transforming growth factor-beta expression of hepatocyte during the cirrhotic condition in rat liver?
### Response:
| We put forward the hypothesis that TGF-beta1 is mainly produced by MFBs and macrophages at early and middle stages of fibrotic processes, but it is predominantly released by hypoxic hepatocytes in the last fibrotic stage or cirrhosis. |
### Instruction:
Do hypotensive extremely low birth weight infants have reduced cerebral blood flow?
### Response:
| In ELBW infants (1) cerebral autoregulation is functional in normotensive but not hypotensive infants; (2) a breakpoint exists at approximately 30 mm Hg in the CBF-MAP autoregulation curve; and (3) dopamine improves both MAP and CBF. |
### Instruction:
Does prevalence and correlate of high-quality basic pediatric preventive care?
### Response:
| Two thirds of children receive good or excellent basic preventive care, as determined with this composite, and no disparities according to race/ethnicity, income, or health insurance status of families (which are often found to be associated with health care access) were found. This equitable distribution of high-quali... |
### Instruction:
Is immune reconstitution after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia most severely affected in the high risk group?
### Response:
| This study shows that immune reconstitution after childhood ALL is slower than previously reported and emphasizes the influence of treatment intensity. The most intensively treated patients still have persistent abnormalities in T-, B-, and NK-cell subsets at 6 months post therapy and show a poor response to immunizati... |
### Instruction:
Does secondary ultrasound examination increase the sensitivity of the FAST exam in blunt trauma?
### Response:
| A secondary ultrasound of the abdomen significantly increases the sensitivity of ultrasound to detect intra-abdominal injury. |
### Instruction:
Does systemic neutrophil priming by lipid mediators in post-shock mesenteric lymph exist across species?
### Response:
| Mesenteric lymphatics serve as the conduit for inflammatory mediators elaborated by the post-ischemic gut in both small and large animal models. Further, the causal agent(s) exist in the lipid fraction of the lymph and are active on both human and animal PMNs. |
### Instruction:
Does the rate of induction of hypothermic arrest determine the outcome in a Swine model of lethal hemorrhage?
### Response:
| Hypothermic metabolic arrest can be used to maintain viability of key organs during repair of lethal injuries. Survival is influenced by the rate of cooling with the best outcome following rapid induction of hypothermia. |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin-6 infusion blunt proinflammatory cytokine production without causing systematic toxicity in a swine model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock?
### Response:
| Exogenous rIL-6 blunts lung mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokine G-CSF. The administration of rIL-6 does not increase the local expression of IL-6 nor TNFalpha mRNA in the lung. Additionally, rIL-6 infusion does not appear to cause systemic toxicity. |
### Instruction:
Does cXCL8 modulate human intestinal epithelial cells through a CXCR1 dependent pathway?
### Response:
| CXCL8 exerts functional effects on intestinal epithelial cells that may be relevant for intestinal inflammation and mucosal healing. |
### Instruction:
Are gadolinium contrast media more nephrotoxic than a low osmolar iodine medium employing doses with equal X-ray attenuation in renal arteriography : an experimental study in pigs?
### Response:
| In pigs, 0.5 M Gd-CM were more nephrotoxic than both equal-attenuating (70 mg I/mL) and equimolar (190 mg I/mL) concentrations of the I-CM iohexol. These results do not support the "off-label" use of Gd-CM for renal x-ray arteriography in man instead of commercially available concentrations of iodine contrast media at ... |
### Instruction:
Are the medial horn and capsulopalpebral fascia in the medial canthus significant antagonists of the orbicularis oculi muscle for lacrimal drainage?
### Response:
| As the movement of a muscle can be determined by its origin and insertion, the MH and the CPF are considered to be the antagonists of the OOM, and as such must be taken into consideration for an understanding of the lacrimal drainage system. |
### Instruction:
Do indigestible components of grape seeds modify cecal enzyme activity in rats?
### Response:
| Adaptation to a diet containing GSIF led to changes in microbial activity that involved a decrease in reductive and hydrolytic enzymatic activities implicated in the conversion of procarcinogens into carcinogens. |
### Instruction:
Does gene expression profiling reveal novel TGFbeta targets in adult lung fibroblasts?
### Response:
| This study identifies several novel TGFbeta targets in lung fibroblasts, and confirms with independent methods the induction of angiotensin II receptor type 1, underlining a potential role for angiotensin II receptor 1 antagonism in the treatment of lung fibrosis. |
### Instruction:
Is ara h 8 , a Bet v 1-homologous allergen from peanut , a major allergen in patients with combined birch pollen and peanut allergy?
### Response:
| Peanut allergy might be mediated in a subgroup of our patients by means of cross-reaction of Bet v 1 with the homologous peanut allergen Ara h 8. |
### Instruction:
Does prostaglandin E ( 2 ) suppress CCL27 production through EP2 and EP3 receptors in human keratinocytes?
### Response:
| PGE(2) might suppress CCL27 production by inhibiting NF-kappaB activity through EP2-mediated cAMP and EP3-mediated Ca(2+) signals. PGE 2 might terminate T cell-mediated skin inflammation by inhibiting CCL27 production. |
### Instruction:
Do glucocorticoids upregulate FOXP3 expression and regulatory T cells in asthma?
### Response:
| These findings demonstrate that glucocorticoid treatment is not only immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory but also promotes or initiates differentiation toward T R 1 cells by a FOXP3-dependent mechanism. Strategies that convert transient glucocorticoid-induced T reg activity into a stable phenotype might improve all... |
### Instruction:
Does d1 dopamine receptor signaling involve caveolin-2 in HEK-293 cells?
### Response:
| The majority of hD1Rs are distributed in lipid rafts. Heterologously and endogenously expressed D1Rs in renal cells are associated with and regulated by caveolin-2. |
### Instruction:
Do estrogen receptor-alpha agonists promote angiogenesis in human myometrial microvascular endothelial cells?
### Response:
| This angiogenic effect of 17beta-estradiol on adult female microvascular endothelial cells is mediated by ERalpha, rather than ERbeta. |
### Instruction:
Does central dexmedetomidine attenuate cardiac dysfunction in a rodent model of intracranial hypertension?
### Response:
| The results demonstrate that dexmedetomidine attenuates cardiac dysfunction associated with ICH. Our results provide evidence for the role of central sympathetic hyperactivity in the development of cardiac dysfunction associated with ICH. |
### Instruction:
Are dNR directives established early in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients?
### Response:
| One third of mechanically ventilated patients had DNR directives established early during their ICU stay after the first 24 hr of admission. The strongest predictors of DNR directives were physician prediction of low probability of survival, physician perception of patient preference to limit life support, organ dysfun... |
### Instruction:
Does the Microcuff tube allow a longer time interval until unsafe cuff pressures are reached in children?
### Response:
| When baseline inflation pressure was set at 20 cm H(2)O, cuff pressure increased similarly in MPT and PVC tubes. When inflated just to sealing pressure, the MPT allowed a longer time interval until the upper limit of 25 cm H(2)O was reached. |
### Instruction:
Does isoflurane preserve central nervous system blood flow during intraoperative cardiac tamponade in dogs?
### Response:
| In dogs, intraoperative cardiac tamponade caused comparable changes in RBF under the different anesthetic techniques except that autoregulation was effective in maintaining RBF within the central nervous system only under isoflurane anesthesia. Our findings provide no compelling reason to recommend one anesthetic over ... |
### Instruction:
Are insulin resistance , body mass index , waist circumference independent risk factor for high blood pressure?
### Response:
| Our results showed that insulin resistance, body mass index and waist circumference are independent risk factors of a high BP in Koreans. |
### Instruction:
Is immune function impaired with a mini nutritional assessment score indicative of malnutrition in nursing home elders with pressure ulcers?
### Response:
| Immune function is impaired with an MNA score indicative of malnutrition in nursing home elders with pressure ulcers. |
### Instruction:
Do serum levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein correlate with body mass index across the broad range of obesity?
### Response:
| The present results support evidence that obesity represents an inflammatory state. In morbid obesity, the correlation of only IL-6 and CRP with BMI, particularly in males, suggests that IL-6 may be secreted in an endocrine manner in proportion to the expansion of fat mass particularly in the abdominal region, with a c... |
### Instruction:
Do [ CHL prevent colon neoplasms in mice and its selective inhibition on COX-2 ]?
### Response:
| CHL could prevent colon neoplasms in mice induced by DMH and the preventive effect related to selective inhibition on COX-2, furthermore, the inhibition of CHL on COX-2 was realized by inhibiting NF-kappaB protein. |
### Instruction:
Is `` Asia now the priority target for the world anti-tobacco movement '' : attempts by the tobacco industry to undermine the Asian anti-smoking movement?
### Response:
| Attack by multinational tobacco companies is a virtual quid pro quo for any individual or agency seriously challenging industry practices and policies. Understanding their tactics allows anticipatory strategies to be developed to minimise the effectiveness of these attacks. |
### Instruction:
Do leptin-resistant obese mice form biliary crystals on a high cholesterol diet?
### Response:
| These data suggest that Lep(db) obese mice fed a high cholesterol diet have increased gallbladder volume and decreased biliary cholesterol saturation and crystal formation despite elevated serum cholesterol compared with lean control mice. We conclude that the link among obesity, diet, and gallstone formation may not r... |
### Instruction:
Does acute pancreatitis induce FasL gene expression and apoptosis in the liver?
### Response:
| Acute pancreatitis induces liver injury and hepatocyte death while up-regulating FasL, p38-MAPK, and caspase-3. Fas is up-regulated within Kupffer cells, suggesting that FasL may autoregulate its production by inducing its originator-cell death. The ability to manipulate interactions between Kupffer cells and hepatocyt... |
### Instruction:
Is meat consumption positively associated with psychomotor outcome in children up to 24 months of age?
### Response:
| Meat intake, possibly via its effect on protein intake, is associated with increased weight gain in infants up to 12 months of age. Meat intake is also positively associated with psychomotor development at 22 months. These findings highlight the need for further investigation of the role of complementary foods in relat... |
### Instruction:
Are the Amerindian 's genes in the Mexican population associated with development of gallstone disease?
### Response:
| The most prevalent HLA alleles detected in these GD cases are characteristic of Amerindian populations, supporting the role of genetics in the high prevalence of the development of GD in Mexican mestizos. |
### Instruction:
Is maternal recreational physical activity associated with plasma leptin concentrations in early pregnancy?
### Response:
| Our findings are consistent with other reports suggesting an independent inverse relationship between habitual physical activity and leptin concentrations. Our findings extend the literature to include pregnant women. |
### Instruction:
Do neurally selected embryonic stem cells induce tumor formation after long-term survival following engraftment into the subretinal space?
### Response:
| Although ES cells may provide treatment for degenerative disease in the future, their unlimited self-renewal and high differentiation potential poses the risk of tumor induction after engraftment. Thus, more care must be taken before using ES cell transplantation as a therapeutic option for patients with degenerative d... |
### Instruction:
Does the Arg389Gly beta1-adrenoceptor gene polymorphism determine contractile response to catecholamines?
### Response:
| These data indicate that the Arg389Gly beta1AR polymorphism is functionally relevant in vivo and determines contractile responsiveness to catecholamines in humans. |
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