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### Instruction: Does angiotensin II receptor blocker prevent increased arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension? ### Response:
Long-term treatment with ARB inhibits the progression of arterial stiffness independent of BP reduction. One of the mechanisms may be related to the increased serum adiponectin concentration after treatment with an ARB.
### Instruction: Does nimesulide , a COX-2 inhibitor , reduce lesion size or number in a nude mouse model of endometriosis? ### Response:
The hypothesized biological properties of COX-2 inhibition did not influence lesion number or size in the nude mouse model of endometriosis.
### Instruction: Does mechanical unloading improve intracellular Ca2+ regulation in rats with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy? ### Response:
Mechanical unloading increases functional sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase and improves [Ca(2+)](i) handling and contractility in rats with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. These beneficial effects of mechanical unloading were not observed in normal hearts.
### Instruction: Does vector targeting make 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy less toxic and more effective in animal models of epithelial neoplasms? ### Response:
Replacement of 5-FU in 5-FU-based combination chemotherapy with the Ad-LpCDIRESE1A vector and 5-FU reduces toxicity and increases efficacy. This is a concept that could be potentially applied widely for many forms of cancer treatment.
### Instruction: Does pharmacological inhibition and genetic deficiency of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 attenuate angiotensin II/salt-induced aortic remodeling? ### Response:
This study demonstrates that pharmacological inhibition of PAI-1 protects against Ang II-induced aortic remodeling. Future studies are needed to determine whether the interactive effect of Ang II/salt and reduced PAI-1 activity on cardiac fibrosis is species-specific. In this study, the effect of pharmacological PAI-1 inhibition in a mouse model of Ang II-induced vascular remodeling and cardiac fibrosis was examined. PAI-1 inhibition significantly attenuated Ang II-induced aortic medial and wall thickening, but not cardiac hypertrophy, and enhanced Ang II/salt-induced cardiac fibrosis.
### Instruction: Does supplementary oxygen in healthy subjects and those with COPD increase oxidative stress and airway inflammation? ### Response:
These findings suggest that short term supplementary oxygen may enhance oxidative stress and inflammation in the airways. Whether this happens with long term oxygen therapy needs to be determined.
### Instruction: Does binding of the chemokine SLC/CCL21 to its receptor CCR7 increase adhesive properties of human mesangial cells? ### Response:
Activation of CCR7 on mesangial cells by SLC/CCL21 enhances the degree and firmness of cell adhesion and increases cell spreading and the formation of cell-cell contacts. This includes integrin-linked kinase activation and F-actin rearrangements. Thus, local chemokine generation and chemokine receptor expression on mesangial cells may play an important role in the maintenance of glomerular homeostasis and in local remodeling processes.
### Instruction: Does treatment with 17-beta-estradiol reduce superoxide production in aorta of ovariectomized rats? ### Response:
E2 decreases activation of p47phox and O(2)(-) production by NAD(P)H oxidase. This did not affect contractile properties of the vessel, but could still potentially alter cell signaling from oxidant increasing stresses.
### Instruction: Is long-chain fatty acid uptake upregulated in omental adipocytes from patients undergoing bariatric surgery for obesity? ### Response:
The data support the concepts that (1) adipocyte LCFA uptake consists of distinct facilitated (saturable) and diffusive processes; (2) increased saturable LCFA uptake in obese adipocytes is not simply a consequence of increased cell size, but rather reflects upregulation of a facilitated transport process; and (3) the permeability of adipocyte plasma membranes to LCFA is not appreciably altered by obesity, and increased nonsaturable uptake in obese adipocytes principally reflects an increase in cell SA. Regulation of saturable LCFA uptake by adipocytes may be an important control point for body adiposity.
### Instruction: Does inactivation of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in red cell concentrate using INACTINE PEN110 chemistry? ### Response:
The PEN110 pathogen-reduction process was demonstrated to inactivate high titres of A. johnsonii, A. lwoffii, C. perfringens and P. acnes in red cell concentrates.
### Instruction: Is dNA aneuploidy associated with increased mortality for stage I endometrial cancer? ### Response:
Although the recurrence risk is not higher for patients with surgical stage I endometrial cancer and aneuploid tumors, overall mortality remains higher.
### Instruction: Does upregulation of FasL by LPA on ovarian cancer cell surface lead to apoptosis of activated lymphocytes? ### Response:
These data suggest that upregulation of FasL by LPA provides EOC immune-privilege and leads to apoptosis of activated T lymphocytes.
### Instruction: Do [ Effects of transforming growth factor beta1 on dendritic cells function ]? ### Response:
TGF-beta1 can inhibit the expression of co-stimulatory molecules on DC. The TGFbeta-DC is resistant to maturation stimulus (LPS) and might be linked with TLR4 down-regulation.
### Instruction: Does meta-analysis show schizophrenia is not associated with the 40-base-pair repeat polymorphism of the dopamine transporter gene? ### Response:
Despite over 90% power to detect a significant odds ratio as small as 1.3, no association was observed. Considering the cumulative evidence from six case-control studies and results from additional family-based studies, it seems unlikely that the 40-base-pair VTNR polymorphism of the SLC6A3 gene influences risk for schizophrenia.
### Instruction: Do vision impairment and combined vision and hearing impairment predict cognitive and functional decline in older women? ### Response:
Sensory impairment is associated with cognitive and functional decline in older women. Studies are needed to determine whether treatment of vision and hearing impairment can decrease the risk for cognitive and functional decline.
### Instruction: Does warming by immersion or exercise affect initial cooling rate during subsequent cold water immersion? ### Response:
These results suggest that prior warming by both active and, to a greater extent, passive warming, may predispose a person to greater heat loss and to experience a larger decline in core temperature when subsequently exposed to cold water. Thus, functional time and possibly survival time could be reduced when cold water immersion is preceded by whole-body passive warming, and to a lesser degree by active warming.
### Instruction: Does otx2 homeobox gene induce photoreceptor-specific phenotypes in cells derived from adult iris and ciliary tissue? ### Response:
Crx and Otx2 effectively induced the generation of photoreceptor-specific phenotypes from ciliary- and iris-derived cells. That both Crx and Otx2 induced phenotype generation in cells derived from iris or ciliary tissue may suggest an approach to photoreceptor cell preparation for retinal transplantation.
### Instruction: Do cochlear implant fixation using polypropylene mesh and titanium screws? ### Response:
We conclude that this technique is widely applicable, technically superior, and not associated with increased complications.
### Instruction: Does lead exposure raise superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in human endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells? ### Response:
Lead exposure promotes generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in human EC and VSMC. This phenomenon can potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of the lead-associated hypertension and cardiovascular disease, and points to the potential benefit of lowering lead burden in the exposed populations.
### Instruction: Is sero-reactivity to microbial components in Crohn 's disease associated with disease severity and progression , but not NOD2/CARD15 genotype? ### Response:
Reactivity to microbial components is associated with severe CD characterized by small bowel involvement, frequent disease progression, longer disease duration, and greater need for intestinal surgery.
### Instruction: Does [ Copper treatment alter the barrier functions of human intestinal Caco-2 cells ]? ### Response:
Copper might alter the barrier functions of Caco-2 cells through increasing the permeability and inhibiting P-gp of Caco-2 cells.
### Instruction: Do acute coronary syndromes promote prolonged in vivo FXII-dependent prothrombotic activity? ### Response:
The finding of similar FXIIa levels among patients in either acute or chronic phases of coronary atherosclerosis suggests that the initial arterial denudation and the acute-phase response associated to acute coronary syndromes are not major determinants for prolonged FXII activation.
### Instruction: Are pharmacokinetics of UH and LMWH similar with respect to antithrombin activity? ### Response:
LMWHs, as a class of drugs, are no more predictable in antithrombin effect after subcutaneous injection than unfractionated heparin. There were considerable differences among LMWHs in the observed variability of antithrombin effects, with tinzaparin being somewhat more predictable than the other drugs tested.
### Instruction: Do cytochrome P4502C9-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids induce the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in endothelial cells? ### Response:
These data indicate that CYP2C9-derived EETs induce the expression of COX-2 in endothelial cells via a cAMP-dependent pathway and that this mechanism contributes to CYP2C9-induced angiogenesis. Overexpression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 in endothelial cells increased cAMP levels, stimulated the cAMP-response element-binding protein, and enhanced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) promoter activity, protein expression, and prostacyclin production. CYP2C9 overexpression stimulated endothelial tube formation, which was attenuated by the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. Thus, COX-2 contributes to CYP2C9-induced angiogenesis.
### Instruction: Do perioperative factors determine outcome after surgery for severe acute pancreatitis? ### Response:
In this cohort of critically ill patients operated on for SAP, there was a trend toward higher mortality in patients operated on early in the course of the disease, but in multivariate analysis, only greater age, severity of organ dysfunction at the moment of surgery, and the presence of sterile necrosis, but not the timing of the surgical intervention, were independently associated with an increased risk for mortality.
### Instruction: Does menstrual cycle influence on pain and emotion in women with fibromyalgia? ### Response:
Although FM pain did not vary across the menstrual cycle, these results point to the importance of considering the lower level and cyclical nature of positive affect when studying women with chronic pain.
### Instruction: Is p80 , the HinT interacting membrane protein , a secreted antigen of Mycoplasma hominis? ### Response:
Our model for secretion of the P80 protein of M. hominis implies a two-step process. In general the P80 protein is transported across the membrane and remains complexed to P60, surface-exposed and membrane anchored via the uncleaved signal sequence. Loss of the 4.7 kDa signal peptide seems to be a pre-requisite for P80 secretion, which is followed by a proteolytic process leading to a helical 74 kDa product. We propose that this novel form of two-step secretion is one of the solutions to a life with a reduced gene set.
### Instruction: Does specific inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase with FR167653 attenuate vascular proliferation in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats? ### Response:
FR167653 significantly attenuates the expression of inflammatory cytokines, ultimately preventing the progression of pulmonary hypertension. These results suggest that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase might play a central role in the molecular events that underlie the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension.
### Instruction: Is preoperative cerebral blood flow diminished in neonates with severe congenital heart defects? ### Response:
Structural brain abnormalities are common in these neonates before surgical intervention. Preoperative cerebral blood flow for this cohort was low and drastically reduced in some patients. Low cerebral blood flow values were associated with periventricular leukomalacia. Carbon dioxide reactivity was preserved but might be compromised by some aspects of the cardiac anatomy. The full spectrum of cerebral blood flow measurements with this technique in congenital heart defects and their long-term significance require continued investigation.
### Instruction: Does the Contegra conduit in the right ventricular outflow tract induce supravalvular stenosis? ### Response:
The Contegra conduit induces a neointimal proliferation at the level of the pulmonary anastomosis. This leads to a high incidence of severe stenosis at intermediate-term follow-up.
### Instruction: Does a mutation in signal peptide of rat resistin gene inhibit differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes? ### Response:
Resistin-increased differentiation may be inhibited by the mutation-containing precursor protein, or by the mutant non-secretory resistin isoform.
### Instruction: Does arteriovenous-shunt-mediated increase in venous return cause apparent right coronary arterial autoregulation? ### Response:
This apparently potent autoregulation resulted from the shunt induced increase in oxygen consumption at low right coronary perfusion pressures, in contrast to the decreased right ventricular oxygen consumption and right coronary blood flow observed when right coronary perfusion pressure is selectively decreased.
### Instruction: Do white matter changes in healthy elderly persons correlate with attention and speed of mental processing? ### Response:
Leukoaraiosis could explain some of the intellectual impairment in the elderly, especially that of slowing of distinct motor and attentional functions, as well as slowing of mental processing. Mild LA in normal aged subjects could also signal brain at risk for further cognitive impairment.
### Instruction: Is hepatic encephalopathy in rats with thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure mediated by endogenous benzodiazepines? ### Response:
In rats with thioacetamide-induced liver failure, endogenous benzodiazepines do not precipitate hepatic encephalopathy. The amelioration of hepatic encephalopathy is mediated by benzodiazepine receptor ligands with both antagonistic and inverse agonistic properties.
### Instruction: Does endotoxin stimulate arginine transport in pulmonary artery endothelial cells? ### Response:
Endotoxin stimulates Na(+)-independent arginine transport by PAECs through a process that requires de novo RNA and protein synthesis, possibly of the transporter itself. This response may be designed to support arginine-dependent biosynthetic pathways in the lung during septic states.
### Instruction: Does arginine stimulate wound healing and immune function in elderly human beings? ### Response:
The data suggest that arginine supplementation may improve wound healing and immune responses in the elderly.
### Instruction: Do soluble factors modulate changes in collagen gene expression in abdominal aortic aneurysms? ### Response:
There is no increase in tissue AOD procollagen gene expression. The ability to transfer the same relative patterns of gene expression from tissue to target SMC with conditioned media suggests that paracrine, rather than autocrine, factors modulate procollagen expression in AAA tissues.
### Instruction: Do interindividual differences in the pituitary-thyroid axis influence the interpretation of thyroid function tests? ### Response:
The presence of significant age and gender-independent interindividual variations in the setpoint of the pituitary-thyroid axis raises conceptual problems with the current approach for interpreting thyroid function tests. An easy to use graphical bivariate representation of the normal ranges for thyroid function tests is presented and exemplified by the thyroid hormone and TSH measurements in a large reference population. This concept should improve the diagnostic accuracy in the borderline-normal, and particularly subclinical hypothyroid region of these hormone measurements.
### Instruction: Do temporal lobe regions on magnetic resonance imaging identify patients with early Alzheimer 's disease? ### Response:
The results suggest that the hippocampus and the temporal horn of the lateral ventricles may be useful as antemortem markers of AD in mildly impaired patients.
### Instruction: Is hyperglycemia in the acute phase of stroke caused by stress? ### Response:
We conclude that hyperglycemia in the acute phase of stroke cannot be explained by increased stress.
### Instruction: Is abdominal obesity associated with insulin resistance? ### Response:
The high-WHR group (abdominal obesity) was more resistant to the action of insulin. These results suggest that measurement of the WHR could help define the degree of medical risk for a given obese patient seeking treatment.
### Instruction: Does endothelin antiserum decrease volume-stimulated and basal plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide? ### Response:
Endothelin may be a physiological modulator of both basal and stimulated ANP release.
### Instruction: Do verapamil and aspirin modulate platelet-mediated vasomotion in arterial segments with intact or disrupted endothelium? ### Response:
This study provides evidence for the modulation of platelet-mediated vasoconstriction of de-endothelialized arterial segments by prior treatment of subjects with verapamil or aspirin. In clinical syndromes characterized by endothelial dysfunction or disruption, treatment with verapamil or aspirin may modify platelet-vessel wall interactions.
### Instruction: Is hepatocyte injury by activated neutrophils in vitro mediated by proteases? ### Response:
PMNs are cytotoxic to cultured HCs, predominantly due to the release of proteolytic enzymes, while HCs appear relatively resistant to oxidative injury. Involvement of neutrophil toxic oxygen radicals in hepatic damage in vivo may require impairment of HC antioxidant defenses or may involve injury to nonparenchymal liver cells with secondary effects on HCs.
### Instruction: Is [ Compared to whole body scanning thyroglobulin assay reliable in the follow-up of thyroidectomized patients with thyroid carcinoma ]? ### Response:
In the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma it is reliable to do Tg measurements during thyroid hormone suppression. When Tg ON is detectable (> 3 pmol/l) TBS and Tg OFF measurement and if necessary further investigations have to be performed.
### Instruction: Is acute cyclosporine-induced renal vasoconstriction mediated by endothelin-1? ### Response:
The acute renal vasoconstriction induced by cyclosporine is mediated by endothelin-1. Endogenous endothelin-1 has little role in maintaining basal vascular tone.
### Instruction: Do subanesthetic concentrations of isoflurane suppress learning as defined by the category-example task? ### Response:
The ED50 that suppressed explicit learning in our volunteers equaled that previously reported (0.2 MAC) for implicit learning in volunteers measured using a different task. Combined, these results suggest that less than 0.45 MAC isoflurane suppresses learning in volunteers.
### Instruction: Do gamma delta + T cells from patients with psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis respond to streptococcal antigen? ### Response:
PsA PBL and SFL responded to stimulation by streptococcal antigen but this reactivity was not disease specific. We have demonstrated that gamma delta + T cells from PsA SF proliferated when cultured with a psoriasis associated strain of streptococcus (Strep 1). However, RA gamma delta + SFL responded similarly suggesting that gamma delta + T cell reactivity to streptococcal antigen may be a feature of inflammatory arthritis.
### Instruction: Are genetic susceptibility to non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and glucose intolerance located in HLA region? ### Response:
These findings support the hypothesis that specific HLA haplotypes exhibit a common genetic determinant for insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent diabetes. Furthermore, HLA is a major genetic determinant of glucose intolerance in elderly Finnish men. The belief that the HLA predisposition to diabetes is specific for insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is largely incorrect.
### Instruction: Does severe neutrophil depletion by leucocyte filters or cytotoxic drug improve recovery of contractile function in stunned porcine myocardium? ### Response:
As assessed in the pig model of myocardial stunning and using two different methods, severe neutropenia does not reduce the depression of contractile function.
### Instruction: Does downregulation of c-myc expression by antisense oligonucleotides inhibit proliferation of human smooth muscle cells? ### Response:
c-myc antisense oligomers reduced c-myc expression and produced a significant growth inhibition of human SMCs, indicating an important role of c-myc gene activation in the process of SMC proliferation. Furthermore, extracellular stability and rapid cellular uptake provide the basis for future studies assessing the therapeutic role of the c-myc antisense approach in reducing SMC proliferation in the process of vascular restenosis.
### Instruction: Is cardiac stress protein elevation 24 hours after brief ischemia or heat stress associated with resistance to myocardial infarction? ### Response:
Myocardial stress protein induced by either sublethal thermal or ischemic injury is associated with myocardial salvage. Our findings suggest that stress protein elevation, rather than the nonspecific effects of thermal or ischemic stress, may be responsible for the myocardial protection seen in this model. Our observations may have important implications regarding myocardial adaptation to brief periods of ischemia.
### Instruction: Does obesity affect circulating estradiol levels of premenopausal hirsute women receiving leuprolide acetate depot? ### Response:
Premenopausal obesity affects circulating estradiol levels of hirsute women receiving LD. The effect does not reflect weight-related differences in circulating levels of androgens or bioactive gonadotropins. Premenopausal adiposity in hirsute women may influence the estrogenic milieu associated with desensitization to GnRH.
### Instruction: Do competency assessment of primary care physicians as part of a peer review program? ### Response:
The study demonstrated the feasibility, reliability, and validity of a multicomponent examination in the peer review process.
### Instruction: Is reduction of plasma fibrinolytic activity following high-dose cyclophosphamide neutralized in vivo by GM-CSF administration? ### Response:
The results demonstrate that high-dose chemotherapy may negatively influence plasma FA. This adverse side effect is neutralized by GM-CSF administration. The discrepancy found between in vitro and in vivo GM-CSF activity on hemostatic may be explained by in vivo GM-CSF stimulation of cell types other than endothelial cells.
### Instruction: Do serum erythropoietin level and marrow erythroid infiltration predict response to recombinant human erythropoietin in myelodysplastic syndromes? ### Response:
Under recombinant human erythropoietin, three patients became transfusion-independent and 5 had a transient decrease of their transfusion requirement. Two patients under prolonged treatment at the same dose of erythropoietin remain in complete remission after 12 and 15 months respectively. A direct relationship between response to erythropoietin treatment and degree of bone marrow erythroid hyperplasia, coupled to an inverse correlation between response to erythropoietin and baseline serum erythropoietin levels were noted. Based on these findings, recombinant human erythropoietin may represent an effective treatment modality for selected patients with MDS.
### Instruction: Does hypothermic acid-base management affect cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen at 27 degrees C. A study during cardiopulmonary bypass in rabbits? ### Response:
During cardiopulmonary bypass at 27 degrees C, hypothermic acid-base management has no measurable effect on CMRO2. CMRO2 was neither extraction limited nor dependent on either PaCO2, CBF, or hemoglobin oxygen affinity differences between alpha-stat and pH-stat management. Cerebral blood flow responses to changing CMRO2 depend on the "starting" conditions, with alpha-stat management appearing to better preserve CBF reactivity than pH-stat management.
### Instruction: Does autologous platelet-rich plasma reduce transfusion of homologous blood products in patients undergoing repeat valvular surgery? ### Response:
Autologous platelet-rich plasma did not reduce perioperative bleeding or transfusion requirements in repeat valvular surgery.
### Instruction: Is atenolol or nicardipine alone as efficacious in stable angina as their combination : a double blind randomised trial? ### Response:
Nicardipine and atenolol are equally effective in prolonging exercise duration and time to onset of ischemia in patients with chronic stable angina while the combination appeared to offer no additional benefit. Nicardipine prolonged the time to onset of angina significantly; again there was no further improvement with the combination. Neither drug appears to have an important effect on the parameters of diastolic function studied in patients with chronic stable angina.
### Instruction: Is s-phase fraction a prognostic factor in stage I breast carcinoma? ### Response:
This study suggests that cytometric SPF has prognostic significance in stage I breast carcinoma.
### Instruction: Is expression of p53 protein an early event in ultraviolet light-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinogenesis? ### Response:
These results indicate that UV acts as a mutagen for the p53 gene, and this event may occur at a relatively early stage of multistep UV carcinogenesis.
### Instruction: Do serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels in erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma correlate with response to photopheresis-based treatment? ### Response:
Data preliminarily suggest that serum SIL2R levels may be useful indicators of disease activity in erythrodermic CTCL patients treated with photopheresis.
### Instruction: Are hand abnormalities strongly associated with the duration of diabetes mellitus? ### Response:
The prevalence of hand abnormalities in diabetic patients is high and increases with the duration of diabetes. In many cases patients with hand abnormalities can be helped by surgery.
### Instruction: Do small bowel transplantation and chronic rejection alter rat intestinal smooth muscle structure and function? ### Response:
Syngeneic SBTx resulted in a significant thickening of the muscularis externa with an apparent adaptation to control in vitro physiologic function. Allogeneic SBTx subject to chronic rejection leads to profound morphologic changes and functional impairments. Changes in muscle structure and function evolve before the clinical signs of graft rejection.
### Instruction: Do cultured keratinocyte allografts fail to induce sensitization in vivo? ### Response:
CK allografts do not result in increased in vitro T cell responses or enhanced alloantibody formation, indicating that sensitization to major histocompatibility antigens by CK does not occur. These data suggest that CK allografts may provide a possible source of grafts for victims of large burn wounds.
### Instruction: Does a linoleate-enriched cheese product reduce low-density lipoprotein in moderately hypercholesterolemic adults? ### Response:
A linoleate-enriched cheese product, in the absence of any other changes in diet or habits, substituted into the normal diets of hypercholesterolemic adults reduced low-density lipoprotein and plasma cholesterol levels.
### Instruction: Does the value of early treatment of deer tick bite for the prevention of Lyme disease? ### Response:
Based on the low frequency of illness, the absence of stage II disease, and the inability to establish the efficacy of early antibiotic treatment, we suggest that physicians not routinely use prophylactic antibiotics for deer tick bites.
### Instruction: Does clonidine pretreatment reduce the systemic toxicity of intravenous bupivacaine in rats? ### Response:
In this model, clonidine given prophylactically delays the toxic manifestations of bupivacaine overdose and does not accentuate the subsequent hypotension.
### Instruction: Does positive end-expiratory pressure lower the risk of laser-induced polyvinylchloride tracheal-tube fires? ### Response:
It is recommended that, in addition to other safety practices, PEEP be added to the breathing circuit during CO2 laser operations on the airway in which PVC tracheal tubes or laser-resistant tracheal tubes with PVC components are used.
### Instruction: Does aspirin improve early arterial patency after streptokinase treatment for acute myocardial infarction? ### Response:
The magnitude of the life saving effect of aspirin remains unexplained. Further investigation is needed into the mechanism of action of antiplatelet treatment in relation to thrombolytic treatment.
### Instruction: Does arterial underfilling cause sodium retention in cirrhosis? ### Response:
None of the indices of arterial filling tested except pulse pressure were related to sodium retention. Reduced pulse pressure is inconsistent with arterial underfilling, as peripheral vasodilation instead increases pulse pressure by increasing diastolic run-off. These data do not support the hypothesis that arterial underfilling is the stimulus for sodium retention in alcoholic cirrhosis.
### Instruction: Is both increased and decreased platelet adhesion to thermally injured subendothelium caused by denaturation of von Willebrand factor? ### Response:
In vitro platelet adhesion to human subendothelium is reduced by more than 50% after heating it briefly to more than 74 degrees C. Temperatures in excess of 80 degrees C reduce platelet adhesion by at least 85%. Thermal denaturation of von Willebrand factor is responsible not only for the decreased thrombogenicity above 71 degrees C but also for the increased thrombogenicity near 55 degrees C, provided that the von Willebrand factor concentration is low.
### Instruction: Does alloxan diabetes alter the rabbit transarterial wall oxygen gradient? ### Response:
These findings suggest that diabetes induces arterial wall hypoxia independent of insulin therapy and before the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Diabetes-induced arterial wall hypoxia may contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic lesions.
### Instruction: Are 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptors involved in the initiation of gastric phase-3 motor activity in humans? ### Response:
Selective antagonism of 5-HT3 receptors suppresses the gastric component of phase-3 motor activity and simultaneously suppresses plasma motilin peaks. The results suggest that the suppression of gastric activity fronts is achieved via the suppression of plasma motilin peaks because in the presence of ondansetron a motilin agonist like erythromycin restores the gastric phase 3.
### Instruction: Does inhibition of glucose absorption by phlorizin affect intestinal functions in rats? ### Response:
Dietary phlorizin increased the jejunal disaccharidase activity and Na(+)-dependent glucose transporter expression. The trigger for these changes may have been due to an increased luminal glucose content.
### Instruction: Does low-dose warfarin decrease coagulability without affecting prothrombin complex activity? ### Response:
Warfarin 1.25 mg day-1 seems to exert an anticoagulant effect without reduction in PT or the natural anticoagulant protein C and is suggested, in combination with aspirin, to be a safe and simple therapy against arterial thrombotic disease, making regular PT controls unnecessary.
### Instruction: Does sufentanil increase intracranial pressure in patients with head trauma? ### Response:
The results of the current study indicate that caution should be exercised in the administration of sufentanil bolus to patients with abnormal intracranial elastance, particularly if ICP is significantly increased.
### Instruction: Do desflurane and isoflurane have similar effects on cerebral blood flow in patients with intracranial mass lesions? ### Response:
Desflurane and isoflurane are similar in terms of absolute CBF, the response to increasing doses, and the preservation of CO2 reactivity.
### Instruction: Is the threshold for thermoregulatory vasoconstriction during nitrous oxide/isoflurane anesthesia lower in elderly than in young patients? ### Response:
These data indicate that thermoregulatory responses in the elderly are initiated at temperatures approximately 1.2 degrees C less than that in younger patients. Thus, it is likely that elderly surgical patients become more hypothermic than do younger patients, at least in part, because they fail to trigger protective thermoregulatory responses.
### Instruction: Are clonidine and ketanserin both effective treatment for postanesthetic shivering? ### Response:
Clonidine (150 micrograms) and ketanserin (10 mg) both are effective treatment for postanesthetic shivering. The effect of clonidine on shivering is dose-dependent: whereas 37.5 micrograms had no effect, 75 micrograms clonidine stopped shivering within 5 min.
### Instruction: Does heat sterilization of fluids for peritoneal dialysis give rise to aldehydes? ### Response:
The heat sterilization of commercial PD-fluids gives rise to several aldehydes which may contribute to adverse effects of PD-fluids on patients.
### Instruction: Does a focal cryogenic brain lesion reduce the minimum alveolar concentration for halothane in rats? ### Response:
These results indicate that a focal cortical brain injury that has no obvious neurologic or behavioral effects in the awake rat does not alter halothane requirements.
### Instruction: Does sucralfate reduce the risk of acid aspiration pneumonitis? ### Response:
Sucralfate has minimal acid buffering effect. Aspiration of sucralfate mixed with distilled water causes lung edema similar to aspiration of water alone. Aspiration of a sucralfate-water suspension mixed with hydrochloric acid causes severe lung edema. These results suggest that patients given sucralfate prophylaxis for stress ulceration are at risk for acid aspiration.
### Instruction: Are silent infarcts in patients with ischemic stroke related to age and size of the left atrium? ### Response:
Age and left atrial enlargement are the main risk factors for silent infarcts in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attacks.
### Instruction: Does melatonin stimulate growth hormone secretion through pathways other than the growth hormone-releasing hormone? ### Response:
Our data indicate that oral administration of melatonin to normal human males increases basal GH release and GH responsiveness to GHRH through the same pathways as pyridostigmine. Therefore it is likely that melatonin plays this facilitatory role at the hypothalamic level by inhibiting endogenous somatostatin release, although with a lower potency than pyridostigmine. The physiological role of melatonin in GH neuroregulation remains to be established.
### Instruction: Does magnesium bolus or infusion fail to improve expiratory flow in acute asthma exacerbations? ### Response:
Use of IV magnesium sulfate in addition to standard therapy does not provide clinically meaningful improvement of objective measures of expiratory flow in patients with moderate to severe asthma exacerbations.
### Instruction: Does phylogenetic analysis of gag genes from 70 international HIV-1 isolates provide evidence for multiple genotypes? ### Response:
The genetic variation among HIV-1 isolates is more extensive than previously appreciated. At least seven distinct HIV-1 genotypes can be identified. Diversification, migration and establishment of local, temporal 'blooms' of particular variants may all occur concomitantly.
### Instruction: Does protection of monkeys by a split vaccine against SIVmac depend upon biological properties of the challenge virus? ### Response:
Neither the antibody nor the proliferative T-cell response to SIVmac correlates with protection from virus challenge. In contrast to SIVmac251/32H grown on C8166 cells, the MPBMC-grown challenge virus SIVmac251 appears to belong to the 'rapid-high' phenotype, possibly explaining the lack of protection against this SIV.
### Instruction: Does expression of p210 bcr/abl increase hematopoietic progenitor cell radiosensitivity? ### Response:
These data suggest a role for bcr/abl p210 in amplifying gamma-irradiation DNA damage or broadly inhibiting DNA repair, conditions that may stimulate further cytogenetic alterations in hematopoietic cells.
### Instruction: Does interferon-alpha-2b enhance the natural killer activity of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder? ### Response:
Recombinant IFN-alpha can enhance the nonmajor histocompatibility-restricted cytotoxic activity of PBMNC from patients with TCC of the bladder.
### Instruction: Is cD48 critically involved in allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation? ### Response:
Our results suggest that CD48 is critically involved in allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation. As such, CD48 may provide a new potential target for the suppression of asthma.
### Instruction: Does initial motor impairment influence activation pattern of motor recovery? ### Response:
Our study demonstrates that the fMRI pattern varies according to functional recovery, suggesting the importance of the ipsilateral premotor area and postcentral gyrus especially for those patients with severe motor impairment initially.
### Instruction: Is prostate volume strongest predictor of cancer diagnosis at transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy with prostate-specific antigen values between 2.0 and 9.0 ng/mL? ### Response:
When the PSA level is in the 2.0 to 9.0 ng/mL range, a smaller prostate volume is the strongest predictor of cancer detection. These data support previous studies suggesting the amount of benign prostatic hyperplasia, and not cancer, as the major factor responsible for elevated PSA.
### Instruction: Is twenty-four-hour ghrelin elevated after calorie restriction and exercise training in non-obese women? ### Response:
Changes in ghrelin concentrations across the day after weight loss are closely associated with other physiological adaptations to energy deficiency, further supporting the role of ghrelin as a countermeasure to restore energy balance.
### Instruction: Does higher protein intake preserve lean mass and satiety with weight loss in pre-obese and obese women? ### Response:
Consuming a higher-protein diet and accomplishing weight loss before becoming obese help women preserve LBM. Use of a higher-protein diet also improves perceptions of satiety and pleasure during energy restriction.
### Instruction: Are resistin polymorphisms associated with muscle , bone , and fat phenotypes in white men and women? ### Response:
These data support previous identified associations of RST with adipose tissue and demonstrate additional associations with bone and skeletal muscle that warrant further investigation.
### Instruction: Is carotid intima-media thickness inversely associated with olive oil consumption? ### Response:
The inverse association between the olive oil consumption and the carotid IMT could suggest a protective role of olive oil against the development of carotid atherosclerosis in persons at high cardiovascular risk.
### Instruction: Do uterine leiomyomas express a molecular pattern that lowers retinoic acid exposure? ### Response:
Molecular alterations in the retinoic acid pathway of leiomyomata result in a decrease in retinoic acid exposure.
### Instruction: Are von Hippel-Lindau disease-associated hemangioblastomas derived from embryologic multipotent cells? ### Response:
The neoplastic cell of origin for CNS hemangioblastomas in VHL patients is the mesoderm-derived, embryologically arrested hemangioblast. The hematopoietic and endothelial differentiation potential of these cells can be reactivated under suitable conditions. These findings may also explain the unique tissue distribution of tumor involvement.
### Instruction: Are [ COX-2 and HO-1 involved in the delayed preconditioning elicited by bradykinin in rat hearts ]? ### Response:
The results indicate that activation of HO-1 and COX-2 might be involved in the delayed cardioprotection evoked by bradykinin, and mitoK(ATP) channel may serve as both a trigger and a mediator in the cardioprotection.