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### Instruction:
Is total thyroidectomy the preferred treatment for patients with Graves ' disease and a thyroid nodule?
### Response:
| Total thyroidectomy for Graves' has minimal morbidity. Patients with Graves' and a thyroid nodule are at an increased risk for malignancy and should be treated with a total thyroidectomy. |
### Instruction:
Does c-reactive protein distribution and correlate among men and women with chronic coronary heart disease?
### Response:
| Among men and women with CHD, CRP level was correlated with traditional risk factors and to a lesser degree to manifestation of CHD. BMI is the main contributor to CRP variability, explained by these factors among women. |
### Instruction:
Is use of ACE inhibitors associated with elevated levels of IGFBP-3 among hypertensive older adults : results from the IlSIRENTE study?
### Response:
| Among hypertensive older adults, ACE inhibitors use is associated with higher IGFBP-3 levels. |
### Instruction:
Is functional half-life a meaningful descriptor of steady-state pharmacokinetics of an extended-release formulation of a rapidly cleared drug : as shown by once-daily divalproex-ER?
### Response:
| The t((1/2)F) of valproic acid optimally characterises the expected steady-state C(max) to C(min )decrease of 33% in uninduced and 45% in induced adults following once-daily administration of divalproex-ER. |
### Instruction:
Does total and differential leukocyte count percentiles in normal pregnancy?
### Response:
| In this study, we provide total and differential leukocyte counts' mean+/-S.D., minimal and maximal values, and the 3rd, 5th, 10th, 50th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles for entire pregnancy and for each trimester separately. These reference values should prove useful for diagnostic and research purposes. |
### Instruction:
Does t-cell receptor repertoire usage after allografting differ between CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and their CD4+CD25- counterpart?
### Response:
| Our data show that the TCR repertoires of Treg and Tconv are significantly different early post-SCT, while they tend to become identical with full reconstitution. This difference could reflect either a discrepancy in the in vivo reactivity against common antigenic stimulations or be the result of different post-transplant ontogeny. |
### Instruction:
Do reactive oxygen species activate the HIF-1alpha promoter via a functional NFkappaB site?
### Response:
| These findings show for the first time to our knowledge that reactive oxygen species directly link HIF-1alpha and NF-kappaB, implicating an important pathophysiological role of this novel pathway in disorders associated with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species. |
### Instruction:
Do altered skeletal muscle fiber composition and size precede whole-body insulin resistance in young men with low birth weight?
### Response:
| Alterations in fiber composition and size may contribute to development of type 2 diabetes in individuals with LBW. |
### Instruction:
Does sympathetic vasomotor tone determine blood pressure response to long-term sibutramine treatment?
### Response:
| The blood pressure response to sibutramine treatment is related to initial MSNA so that subjects with higher MSNA exhibit a smaller increase or even a decrease in blood pressure. The phenomenon might be explained by a sustained reduction in central sympathetic activity with sibutramine treatment. |
### Instruction:
Does a histone deacetylase inhibitor enhance adenoviral infection of renal cancer cells?
### Response:
| In human renal cancer specimens a loss of or decrease in coxsackie and adenovirus receptor expression may be an early event in renal cancer progression. Pretreatment with FK-228 may increase tumor cell sensitivity to adenoviral gene therapy vectors. |
### Instruction:
Does reduced physical activity increase intermuscular adipose tissue in healthy young adults?
### Response:
| IMAT accumulates markedly after reduced activity in healthy young adults. Increases in IMAT may contribute to losses in muscle strength associated with reduced physical activity, but the mechanism responsible is yet to be determined. |
### Instruction:
Does dietary alpha-linolenic acid inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in hypercholesterolemic subjects?
### Response:
| Increased intakes of dietary ALA elicit antiinflammatory effects by inhibiting IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha production in cultured PBMCs. Changes in PBMC ALA and eicosapentaenoic acid (derived from dietary ALA) are associated with beneficial changes in TNF-alpha release. Thus, the cardioprotective effects of ALA are mediated in part by a reduction in the production of inflammatory cytokines. |
### Instruction:
Are serum visfatin concentrations positively correlated with serum triacylglycerols and down-regulated by overfeeding in healthy young men?
### Response:
| Visfatin is down-regulated by overfeeding. Under physiologic conditions, visfatin does not appear to control glucose metabolism but may play a regulatory role in lipid metabolism. |
### Instruction:
Does halofuginone reduce the occurrence of renal fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats?
### Response:
| Halofuginone reduced proteinuria as well as the severity of interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis in 5/6 NX rats. The renal beneficial effect of Halo was also demonstrated by the blunted decrease in creatinine clearance observed in the treated animals. |
### Instruction:
Does medial prefrontal cortex infusion of alpha-flupenthixol attenuate systemic d-amphetamine-induced disruption of conditional discrimination performance in rats?
### Response:
| These results show that conditional discrimination performance is at least in part mediated by prefrontal DA as local PFC DA antagonism attenuates task performance disruption by the indirect DA agonist d-amphetamine further implicating the role of dysfunctional forebrain DA in cognitive deficits evident in schizophrenia. |
### Instruction:
Are somatic TP53 mutations relatively rare among adrenocortical cancers with the frequent 17p13 loss of heterozygosity?
### Response:
| The finding that only a minority of adrenocortical tumors with 17p13 LOH had either a VNTR1 LOH or a TP53 mutation indicates that TP53 might not be the only or major tumor suppressor gene at 17p13 involved in adrenocortical cancer progression. We suggest that a genetic instability of the 17p13 region, occurring early in adrenocortical cancer development, involves various genes located in this region. TP53 might be only one of them, and its alteration by the occurrence of inactivating mutation is associated with the development of more aggressive tumors. |
### Instruction:
Is eyelid myoclonia with absences : routine EEG sufficient to make a diagnosis?
### Response:
| EMA is not uncommon; diagnosis can be made with good clinical history and routine EEG. As developmental delay is a common association with EMA in this study, early identification and treatment are important. |
### Instruction:
Is ductular reaction helpful in defining early stromal invasion , small hepatocellular carcinomas , and dysplastic nodules?
### Response:
| DR/CK7 immunostaining may help to identify small foci of invasion and to distinguish noninvasive, high-grade DNs from both minimally invasive and overtly invasive HCCs. |
### Instruction:
Are expression levels and activation of a PXR variant directly related to drug resistance in osteosarcoma cell lines?
### Response:
| The results suggest that PXR plays a critical role in the regulation of P450 3A4 expression in osteosarcoma and that its expression and activation in these tumors may influence the effect of chemotherapeutic agents on the induction of target genes implicated in drug resistance. |
### Instruction:
Does comparative analysis of genome tiling array data reveal many novel primate-specific functional RNAs in human?
### Response:
| The existence of potential primate-specific functional transcripts has demonstrated the limitation of previous genome comparison studies, which put too much emphasis on conservation between human and rodents. It also argues for the necessity of sequencing additional primate species to gain a better and more comprehensive understanding of the human genome. |
### Instruction:
Do metabolite findings in tumefactive demyelinating lesions utilizing short echo time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy?
### Response:
| MR spectroscopic metabolite information may be useful in the diagnosis of demyelinating disease by demonstrating elevation of the glutamate/glutamine peaks because elevation of these peaks is typically not seen in aggressive intra-axial neoplastic processes. This is particularly beneficial in the rarer cases of tumefactive demyelinating lesions, which are very difficult to differentiate from neoplasms by imaging findings alone. |
### Instruction:
Does attentional re-training decrease attentional bias in heavy drinkers without generalization?
### Response:
| Although heavy drinkers can learn to attend selectively to an alternative category for alcohol, a single AR is not sufficient to decrease symptoms of problem drinking. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Multi-center clinical study of the effect of silver nitrate ointment on the partial-thickness burn wounds ]?
### Response:
| Silver nitrate ointment is an effective and safe medicament for the clinical management of partial-thickness burn wounds. |
### Instruction:
Are the in vivo antitumoral effects of lipopolysaccharide against glioblastoma multiforme mediated in part by Toll-like receptor 4?
### Response:
| LPS-induced antitumoral effects on glioblastoma multiforme are mediated, in part, by the Tlr-4 receptor. Further understanding of this process may lead to novel treatment strategies for this uniformly fatal disease. |
### Instruction:
Is persistent hyperglycemia an independent predictor of outcome in acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| Persistent hyperglycemia in MI has a stronger relation with 30-day MACE than elevated glucose at admission. |
### Instruction:
Is a history of aggression a risk factor for postoperative confusion in elderly male drinkers?
### Response:
| A history of aggression in elderly male drinkers is associated with postoperative confusion. |
### Instruction:
Does relief of chronic partial ureteral obstruction attenuate salt-sensitive hypertension in rats?
### Response:
| Hydronephrosis in rats causes salt-sensitive hypertension that can be markedly reduced by removing the hydronephrotic kidney or relieving the obstruction by ureterovesicostomy. The mechanisms appear to be intrarenal and primarily located in the diseased kidney, but a secondary mechanism is also present. |
### Instruction:
Does oestrogen modulate cardiac ischaemic remodelling through oestrogen receptor-specific mechanisms?
### Response:
| Although E2 modulates the infarct size in ERalpha(-/-), it also appears to be responsible for the higher mortality following MI. ERbeta appears to be the receptor involved in the modulating effects of E2 in the infarcted heart. |
### Instruction:
Does rectal acetaminophen reduce morphine consumption after major surgery in young infants?
### Response:
| Acetaminophen, as an adjuvant to continuous morphine infusion, does not have an additional analgesic effect and should not be considered as standard of care in young infants, 0-2 months of age, after major thoracic (non-cardiac) or abdominal surgery. |
### Instruction:
Does american Joint Committee on Cancer staging system accurately predict survival in patients receiving multimodality therapy for esophageal adenocarcinoma?
### Response:
| The current AJCC staging system is not a good predictor of survival after CRT. Although patients with a pCR do have improved long-term survival relative to patients with residual disease, this method places too much emphasis on residual depth of invasion and fails to identify patients with residual disease who have good long-term survival. Recursive partitioning analysis more accurately identifies nodal disease and metastatic disease as the most important prognostic variables. Degree of treatment response is less prognostic than nodal involvement. |
### Instruction:
Is the KCNQ1 potassium channel down-regulated by ubiquitylating enzymes of the Nedd4/Nedd4-like family?
### Response:
| These results suggest that KCNQ1 internalization and stability is physiologically regulated by its Nedd4/Nedd4-like-dependent ubiquitylation. This mechanism may thereby be important in regulating the surface density of the KCNQ1 channels in cardiomyocytes and other cell types. |
### Instruction:
Do low-energy gamma-emitting stents inhibit intimal hyperplasia with minimal `` edge effects '' in a pig coronary artery model?
### Response:
| Dose-response inhibition of in-stent hyperplasia with minimal "edge effects" occurs with low-energy gamma-emitting stents. An increased inflammatory response at higher doses in palladium-103 stents indicates that later follow-up studies are necessary. |
### Instruction:
Is preprocedure hyperglycemia more strongly associated with restenosis in diabetic patients after percutaneous coronary intervention than is hemoglobin A1C?
### Response:
| Hemoglobin A1C, insulin, and insulin resistance at the time of the PCI are not associated with restenosis. Periprocedural hyperglycemia may promote restenosis in diabetics. |
### Instruction:
Are sAH gene variants associated with obesity-related hypertension in Caucasians : the PEGASE Study?
### Response:
| We confirm recent evidence that the SAH locus is associated with obesity-related hypertension, in which pathophysiological context SAH variants affecting blood pressure remain, however, to be shown. |
### Instruction:
Is small artery elasticity assessed by pulse wave analysis no measure of endothelial dysfunction?
### Response:
| Our findings show that static measurement of vascular parameters by an automated pulse-wave analysis procedure cannot be used to assess endothelial function. Further studies are needed to examine whether a dynamic measurement of arterial compliance before and after stimulation of the endothelium (e.g. by ischemia) might quantify endothelial dilatory capacity in a better way. |
### Instruction:
Does advanced glycation endproduct crosslink breaker ( alagebrium ) improve endothelial function in patients with isolated systolic hypertension?
### Response:
| Alagebrium enhances peripheral artery endothelial function and improves overall impedance matching. Improved endothelial function correlates better with reduced vascular fibrosis and inflammation markers than with vessel distensibility. AGE-crosslink breakers may reduce cardiovascular risk in older adults by reduced central arterial stiffness and vascular remodeling. |
### Instruction:
Does identification and correlate of weight loss in adolescents in a national sample?
### Response:
| This study provides a method to determine successful adolescent weight loss for researchers and provides useful concrete information about successful weight loss for clinicians and others who work with adolescents. |
### Instruction:
Are high visceral fat mass and high liver fat associated with resistance to lifestyle intervention?
### Response:
| Baseline values and changes in BMI, VAT, and LF are related to changes in insulin sensitivity during lifestyle intervention. Subjects with high VAT and LF have a lower chance of profiting from lifestyle intervention and may require intensified lifestyle prevention strategies or even pharmacological approaches to improve insulin sensitivity. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of bcl-2 in ductular proliferation related to periportal hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis progression in patients with autoimmune cholestasis?
### Response:
| Periportal hepatic stellate cell activation seems to play a main role in fibrosis progression in patients with autoimmune cholestasis. Bcl-2 expression in ductular proliferation may promote hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis. |
### Instruction:
Is human papillomavirus subtype 16 common in Pakistani women with cervical carcinoma?
### Response:
| Our results show a strong relationship between HPV infection and cervical cancer among Pakistani women. These results underscore the need to implement regular HPV screening for Pakistani women. An early diagnosis of HPV infection will allow better health management to reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does dietary supplementation with flaxseed oil lower blood pressure in dyslipidaemic patients?
### Response:
| We observed a hypotensive effect of ALA, which may constitute another mechanism accounting in part for the apparent cardioprotective effect of this n-3 fatty acid. |
### Instruction:
Does herring ( Clupea harengus ) supplemented diet influence risk factors for CVD in overweight subjects?
### Response:
| Consumption of oven-baked herring (150 g/day, 5 days/week) for 4 weeks, compared to consumption of pork and chicken fillets, significantly increased p-HDL. Patients with insulin resistance and obesity, who commonly have low HDL, may therefore benefit from addition of herring to the diet. |
### Instruction:
Are helicobacter pylori infection in combination with the serum pepsinogen I/II ratio and interleukin-1beta-511 polymorphisms independent risk factors for gastric cancer in Thais?
### Response:
| A low serum pepsinogen I/II ratio combined with positivity for H. pylori IgG, and a IL-1beta-511 C/C genotype may be independent risk factors for gastric cancer in Thais. |
### Instruction:
Does the pregnancy-induced increase of plasma angiotensin- ( 1-7 ) is blunt in gestational diabetes?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that reduced levels of the vasodilator Ang-(1-7) could be implicated in the endothelial dysfunction seen in gestational diabetic women during and after pregnancy. |
### Instruction:
Is alpha1-antitrypsin precursor in gastric juice a novel biomarker for gastric cancer and ulcer?
### Response:
| alpha1-antitrypsin precursor in gastric juice is a novel biomarker for gastric cancer and ulcer. A noninvasive method to obtain gastric juice followed by proteomic analysis may serve as a new tool to screen for gastric malignancies. |
### Instruction:
Are vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms associated with prognosis in ovarian cancer?
### Response:
| We present the first data on VEGF gene polymorphisms in ovarian cancer. Simultaneous carriage of the three investigated homozygous genotypes was shown to be an independent adverse prognosticator of overall survival. |
### Instruction:
Is increased expression of SIM2-s protein a novel marker of aggressive prostate cancer?
### Response:
| These novel findings indicate for the first time that SIM2 expression might be important for clinical progress of human cancer and support the recent proposal of SIM2-s as a candidate for targeted therapy in prostate cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does strain rate imaging differentiate hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy from physiologic cardiac hypertrophy ( athlete 's heart )?
### Response:
| Hypertensive LVH has significant longitudinal strain, SR(S), and SR(E) reductions versus control. The lack of these reductions in athletes suggests that strain rate imaging may have clinical use in discerning the physiologic LVH state. |
### Instruction:
Do only male mice show sensitization of handling-induced convulsions across repeated ethanol withdrawal cycles?
### Response:
| Male and female mice exposed to the same number of cycles of EtOH withdrawal demonstrate differences in expression of seizures. Males show the typical sensitization of seizures, or kindling response, which has been reported clinically as well as in animal models, but females do not. The reason for the lack of seizure sensitization in female mice remains to be elucidated, but may be related to sex differences in alcohol effects on excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmission, rather than to hormonal or blood alcohol level differences. |
### Instruction:
Does effects of rapid smoking on post-cessation urge to smoke?
### Response:
| RS has an 'active ingredient' (craving reduction) and its effects on smoking cessation may merit further examination using modern rigorous methodology. |
### Instruction:
Do treatment setting and baseline substance use severity interact to predict patients ' outcomes?
### Response:
| Results provide some support to the matching hypothesis that for patients who have higher levels of substance use severity at intake, treatment in in-patient/residential treatment settings is associated with better outcomes than out-patient treatment. More research needs to be conducted before in-patient/residential settings are further reduced as a part of the SUD continuum of care in the United States. |
### Instruction:
Does glutamine alone or combined with short-chain fatty acids fail to enhance gut adaptation after massive enterectomy in rats?
### Response:
| All groups presented adaptation of the intestinal mucosa in the remnant gut. Glutamine combined or not with short chain fatty acids fails to influence the adaptive response of the small bowel. |
### Instruction:
Is early elevation of plasma von Willebrand factor antigen in pediatric acute lung injury associated with an increased risk of death and prolonged mechanical ventilation?
### Response:
| Early injury to the systemic and pulmonary endothelium, as measured by plasma vWF-Ag levels, is associated with an increased risk of death and prolonged mechanical ventilation in pediatric patients with ALI. |
### Instruction:
Does oxygen treatment restore energy status following experimental neonatal hypoxia-ischemia?
### Response:
| These results suggest that oxygen treatment during the initial period of recovery from a hypoxia-ischemic insult is able to attenuate energy deficits in the brain, which ultimately leads to a reduction in brain injury. |
### Instruction:
Does loss of claudin-1 expression correlate with malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma?
### Response:
| Attenuated expression of CL-1 closely correlates with the dedifferentiation and portal invasion of HCC. Down-regulated CL-1 expression may serve as a potential marker for a poor prognosis in HCC. |
### Instruction:
Is percutaneous transluminal angioplasty feasible and effective in patients on chronic dialysis with severe peripheral artery disease?
### Response:
| PTA is feasible and effective in dialysis patients with PAD, and should be preferred to other more invasive interventions. |
### Instruction:
Is hormonal therapy associated with a lower prevalence of breast arterial calcification on mammography?
### Response:
| Well-established cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes, stroke, and age) appear to be associated with a significantly higher incidence of BAC, while HT during the menopausal years appears to be associated with a significantly lower prevalence of BAC. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Intensified insulin therapy plus antineuritic medication more effective than antineuritics alone in painful diabetic neuropathy ]?
### Response:
| The addition of intensified insulin therapy to the symptomatic treatment of painful neuropathy in type-2 diabetics, significantly enhanced the reduction of pain. The lowering of glycosilated hemoglobin was a significant predictor of success in pain reduction. |
### Instruction:
Is secretagogin a new neuroendocrine marker in the human prostate?
### Response:
| Secretagogin is a novel NE marker in the prostate with more extended immunoreactivity compared to the NE markers CgA, SYN, and NSE. Secretagogin is widely expressed in prostatic adenocarcinoma as opposed to adenocarcinomas in other organs. |
### Instruction:
Is the incidence of parametrial tumor involvement in select patients with early cervix cancer too low to justify parametrectomy?
### Response:
| Because of a very low risk on parametrial involvement, patients who fulfil strict selection criteria could be candidates for conization and pelvic lymphadenectomy instead of more extensive surgery. Morbidity and pregnancy complications may decrease while it is unlikely that survival will be compromised. |
### Instruction:
Is retinol-binding protein 4 associated with insulin resistance and body fat distribution in nonobese subjects without type 2 diabetes?
### Response:
| These findings indicate a relationship between RBP4, insulin sensitivity, and percent trunk fat in individuals who may not have features of insulin resistance. |
### Instruction:
Are myofascial trigger points very prevalent in patients with chronic tension-type headache : a double-blinded controlled study?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that active TrPs are much more frequent in CTTH than in controls and the number and pain intensity of TrPs may be used to distinguish between the 2 groups. Spontaneous electromyographic activity could not be demonstrated, and the underlying biology of TrPs is still unclear. |
### Instruction:
Does systolic blood pressure in childhood predict hypertension and metabolic syndrome later in life?
### Response:
| Children with systolic blood pressures above the criterion values established in this longitudinal study are at increased risk of hypertension and the metabolic syndrome later in life. |
### Instruction:
Are both extremes of arterial carbon dioxide pressure and the magnitude of fluctuations in arterial carbon dioxide pressure associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants?
### Response:
| Both extremes and fluctuations of PaCO2 are associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage. It may be prudent to avoid extreme hypocapnia and hypercapnia during the period of risk for intraventricular hemorrhage. |
### Instruction:
Do immunohistochemical observation of amniotic membrane patching on a corneal alkali burn in vivo?
### Response:
| AM patching suppressed myofibroblastic differentiation and MMP expression in the stroma after an alkali burn. An inhibition gradient suggests that AM may release unknown soluble factors possessing some antiscarring capability. |
### Instruction:
Do traces of copper ions deplete glutathione in human hepatoma cell cultures with low cysteine content?
### Response:
| Glutathione synthesis in hepatoma cell cultures is probably more sensitive to a low cysteine level than HeLa cell cultures, and the presence of copper ions further decreases the availability of cysteine probably by increasing the disulfide binding to cysteine residues in extracellular proteins, which causes a further decrease of total glutathione. |
### Instruction:
Is absence of Bcl-xL down-regulation in response to cisplatin associated with chemoresistance in ovarian carcinoma cells?
### Response:
| This work thus provides one more argument to put Bcl-xL forward as a pertinent target of inhibition to overcome chemoresistance of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Does fear of pain influence outcomes after exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness at the shoulder?
### Response:
| With the exception of muscle force production, fear of pain had a consistent influence on shoulder DOMS outcomes, even after controlling for pain intensity. This study suggests fear of pain may be a relevant psychologic factor to consider in clinical studies investigating the development and treatment of chronic shoulder pain. |
### Instruction:
Does speed of tPA-induced clot lysis predict DWI lesion evolution in acute stroke?
### Response:
| The speed of tPA-induced clot lysis predicts DWI lesion evolution and clinical outcome. Unlike sudden and stepwise patterns, slow recanalization is associated with greater DWI lesion growth and poorer short- and long-term outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Does the ADP receptor P2Y ( 1 ) mediate t-PA release in pigs during cardiac ischemia?
### Response:
| Intra coronary administered MRS2179, a selective P2Y(1) receptor blocker, significantly reduces the increased levels of t-PA caused by both 2-MeSADP and cardiac ischemia in coronary arteries. Thus, ADP acting on the endothelial P2Y(1) receptor may mediate release of t-PA during ischemia and post-ischemic hyperemia, an effect that may counteract some of the platelet activating effects of ADP. Abbreviated Abstract We postulated that the release of t-PA during post ischemic reactive hyperemia could be mitigated through blocking the coronary endothelial P2Y(1) receptor in a porcine model. The ADP analogue 2-MeSADP (10(-5) M), alone or as co-infusion with a the P2Y(1) receptor blocker, MRS2179 (10(-3) M) was locally delivered in the left anterior descending artery. In separate pigs the coronary artery was occluded for ten min. During the first and tenth min of coronary ischemia, 2.5 ml of MRS2179 (10(-3) M) was delivered distal to the occlusion. t-PA was measured in peripheral arterial blood and also from the Coronary Sinus. We found that levels of t-PA in the blood from the coronary Sinus increased during infusion with 2-MeSADP as well as during ischemia and reperfusion. In pigs treated with MRS2179 levels of t-PA in the Coronary Sinus were significantly reduced during both coinfusion with 2-MeSADP and during ischemia/reperfusion. Thus, ADP acting on the endothelial P2Y(1) M receptor may mediate release of t-PA during ischemia and post-ischemic hyperemia, an effect that may counteract some of the platelet activating effects of ADP. |
### Instruction:
Does cT60 genotype affect CTLA-4 isoform expression despite association to T1D and AITD in northern Sweden?
### Response:
| Association was found between T1D/AITD and all three polymorphisms investigated. However, in contrast to previous investigations, sCTLA-4 RNA and protein expression levels did not differ based on CT60 genotype. Our results do not rule out the CT60 SNP as an important polymorphism in the development of T1D or AITD, but suggest that further investigations are necessary to elucidate the effect of the CTLA-4 region on the development of T1D and AITD. |
### Instruction:
Does angiotensin II type 2 receptor decrease ischemia reperfusion induced fluid leak?
### Response:
| Treatment with angiotensin II attenuated increases in hydraulic permeability because of IR by 50%. Inhibition of cAMP synthesis did not change the effect of angiotensin II on IR mediated leak, and angiotensin II type 2 receptor inhibition completely blocked the effects of angiotensin II. These results indicate that angiotensin II decreases IR induced leak via the angiotensin II type 2 receptor in a cAMP independent manner. A better understanding of mediators that reduce intravascular fluid loss from IR-induced microvascular dysfunction may help clinicians treat uncontrolled fluid extravasation that occurs during shock and sepsis. |
### Instruction:
Is endogenous estrogen associated with cognitive performance before , during , or after menopause?
### Response:
| These results do not support the hypothesis that estrogen or menopausal status affects cognitive performance in middle-aged women. |
### Instruction:
Is exclusion of pH artifacts essential for hypopharyngeal pH monitoring?
### Response:
| Patients should record all liquid swallows outside of meals. It is essential to exclude all potential artifacts for hypopharyngeal pH monitoring in patients with suspected LPR. |
### Instruction:
Is intraflagellar transport protein 27 a small G protein involved in cell-cycle control?
### Response:
| IFT27, a small G protein, is one of a growing number of flagellar proteins that are now known to have a role in cell-cycle control. |
### Instruction:
Do characterization of overlap syndrome between primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis according to antimitochondrial antibodies status?
### Response:
| According to the presence of AMA, 2 homogeneous subgroups of patients with overlap syndrome between PBC and AIH may be identified. AMA status affects clinical presentation and liver disease severity of OS. |
### Instruction:
Does weight of decision-making impair clinical assessment of melanocytic lesions?
### Response:
| The accuracy of clinical assessment of melanocytic lesions is high for benign nevi, with dermatologists outperforming nondermatologists. Clinicians overestimated malignant potential. Complete removal was more frequent in suspicious lesions. Clinical decision-making impaired assessment by 5 to 9%. |
### Instruction:
Is mitral valvar prolapse significantly associated with low body mass index in addition to mitral and tricuspid regurgitation?
### Response:
| In our two independent databases, mitral valvar prolapse was independently associated with low body mass index in addition to mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. The cause of this association remains unknown. |
### Instruction:
Is interleukin 6 associated with cachexia in patients with prostate cancer?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that IL-6 may be one of the factors contributing to the complex syndrome of cachexia in patients with prostate cancer (all P <0.05). |
### Instruction:
Does calcium-calmodulin mediate house dust mite-induced ERK activation and IL-8 production in human respiratory epithelial cells?
### Response:
| HDM-induced IL-8 production is predominantly regulated by Ca(2+)/calmodulin signaling, and ERK plays an important role in signal transmission for efficient activation of the HDM-induced IL-8 signaling pathway. |
### Instruction:
Does intraoperative neurological changes in 1665 regional anaesthetic carotid endarterectomies predict postoperative stroke?
### Response:
| Regional anaesthetic CEA is a safe and effective technique with excellent morbidity and mortality rates. The technique can be undertaken safely regardless of the indication for endarterectomy or the status of the contralateral carotid artery. Patients who developed intraoperative neurological changes requiring shunting are identified as high risk for perioperative stroke or mortality and should therefore be carefully monitored postoperatively. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Comparison of three brands of intracardiac pacemaker lead ]?
### Response:
| The three brands of leads tested can be successfully implanted with comparable parameters and without differences in the evolution of patients during the first three months. |
### Instruction:
Do [ One year follow up of successful coronary angioplasty in non selected patients ]?
### Response:
| Re-stenosis after angioplasty occurred in 19% of our patients with angina or coronary events. The clinical variables associated with a higher risk of re-stenosis were diabetes (the main risk factor), previous myocardial infarction, obesity and hypercholesterolemia. Angiographic variables were not associated with re-stenosis. The use of stents decreases the incidence of re-stenosis in all groups). |
### Instruction:
Does single-chamber ventricular pacing increase markers of left ventricular dysfunction compared with dual-chamber pacing?
### Response:
| Patients can differentiate between DDD(R)/VDD and VVI(R) pacing, and prefer the former. Compared with DDD(R)/VDD pacing, VVI(R) stimulation induces a two- to three-fold increase in serum BNP and NT-proBNP levels. |
### Instruction:
Does a screen for nuclear transcripts identify two linked noncoding RNAs associated with SC35 splicing domains?
### Response:
| Our genome-wide screens in two mammalian species reveal no more than three abundant large non-coding polyadenylated RNAs in the nucleus; the canonical large noncoding RNA XIST and NEAT1 and NEAT2. The function of these noncoding RNAs in mRNA metabolism is suggested by their high levels of conservation and their intimate association with SC35 splicing domains in multiple mammalian species. |
### Instruction:
Is elevation of plasma D-dimer closely associated with venous thrombosis produced by double-lumen catheter in pre-dialysis patients?
### Response:
| The study suggests that changes in plasma D-dimer after the insertion of the catheter may be used to predict thrombus formation and is more accurate than baseline measurements, and easier than other new markers. |
### Instruction:
Is cadherin-11 expressed in detrusor smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts of normal human bladder?
### Response:
| To our knowledge this is the first time evidence has been provided for cadherin-mediated smooth muscle and suburothelial myofibroblast cell-cell interaction in the human bladder. Cadherin-11 most probably plays an important role in the intercellular physical coupling of detrusor smooth muscle cells and also of myofibroblasts. |
### Instruction:
Is plasminogen activation by fibroblasts from periodontal ligament and gingiva directly affected by chemokines in vitro?
### Response:
| These results suggest that plasminogen activation by PDL and GF is not directly affected by the chemokines even in the presence of the inflammatory mediators TGF-beta and IL-1. |
### Instruction:
Does endoplasmic reticulum stress contribute to beta cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes?
### Response:
| Our results provide evidence that ER stress occurs in type 2 diabetes and is required for aspects of the underlying beta cell failure. |
### Instruction:
Are mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein gene highly prevalent among subjects with sporadic pituitary adenomas?
### Response:
| AIP mutations do not appear to play a prominent role in sporadic pituitary tumorigenesis in this population of European subjects. |
### Instruction:
Does micro-Opioid receptor activation prevent acute hepatic inflammation and cell death?
### Response:
| The results indicate that MOR agonists may prevent acute hepatitis and hold promising therapeutic use to maintain remission in both chronic inflammatory bowel and liver diseases. |
### Instruction:
Does the parathyroid/pituitary variant of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 usually have causes other than p27Kip1 mutations?
### Response:
| The MEN1 variant with sporadic parathyroid tumors, sporadic pituitary tumor, and no identified MEN1 mutation is usually not caused by p27 germline mutations. It is usually caused by as yet unknown process(es). |
### Instruction:
Is persistent diastolic flow reversal in abdominal aortic Doppler-flow profiles associated with an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in term infants with congenital heart disease?
### Response:
| Persistent diastolic flow reversal in the abdominal aortic Doppler profile is associated with an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in term infants with congenital heart disease irrespective of gestational age or anatomic type of congenital heart disease. |
### Instruction:
Are reduced time in bed and obstructive sleep-disordered breathing in children associated with cognitive impairment?
### Response:
| Short or variable time in bed and nightly snoring or higher apnea hypopnea index predicted impaired vocabulary and similarities scores in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy suspected of having obstructive sleep-disordered breathing. The degree of cognitive impairment attributable to short time in bed and obstructive sleep-disordered breathing is clinically very significant. |
### Instruction:
Does neonatal intensive care unit census influence discharge of moderately preterm infants?
### Response:
| Discharges are closely correlated with unit census. Providers incorporate demand and case mix into their discharge decisions. |
### Instruction:
Does pregabalin reduce muscle and cutaneous hyperalgesia in two models of chronic muscle pain in rats?
### Response:
| This study shows that pregabalin reduces both cutaneous and muscle hyperalgesia in inflammatory and noninflammatory models of muscle pain. Thus, pregabalin may be an effective treatment for people with chronic muscle pain. |
### Instruction:
Is telomerase activity a prognostic factor for recurrence and survival in rectal cancer?
### Response:
| Measurement of telomerase activity has a diagnostic value in colorectal patients. In rectal cancer, telomerase index is an independent prognostic factor for disease progression. A telomerase index</=0.85 and negative nodes can be used to predict disease progression. |
### Instruction:
Does autonomic dysfunction in primary biliary cirrhosis correlate with fatigue severity?
### Response:
| The prevalence of autonomic dysfunction in primary biliary cirrhosis patients is significantly higher than has previously been thought to be the case. Indeed, when sensitive detection modalities are used, it is found to be almost universal at all stages of the disease process. Fatigue in primary biliary cirrhosis is associated with abnormalities of autonomic function. |
### Instruction:
Do internal medicine residents accurately assess their medical knowledge?
### Response:
| IM residents did not accurately predict their own level of medical knowledge. Taking the examination and experience with previous exams does not appear to improve the ability of these IM residents to predict their performance. Residents need to be taught to rely on the results of standardized examinations such as the ITE to best assess their overall medical knowledge. The factors important for accurate self-assessment of medical knowledge in individual clinical situations remain unexplored. |
### Instruction:
Does the hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1 promote intramyocardial expression of VEGF in infants with congenital cardiac defects?
### Response:
| These findings show that chronic hypoxemia is associated with the induction and stabilization of the transcription factor HIF-1 as well as its target genes VEGF and eNOS in the myocardium of infants with cyanotic cardiac defects. Thus, stabilization of HIF-1 and induction of the adaptive hypoxia response could particularly participate in myocardial remodeling in children with congenital cardiac defects and chronic hypoxemia. |
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