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### Instruction: Does myocardial protection evoked by hyperoxic exposure involve signaling through nitric oxide and mitogen activated protein kinases? ### Response:
Nitric oxide triggers hyperoxic protection, and ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK are involved in signaling of protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
### Instruction: Does heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor decrease inflammatory cytokine expression after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury? ### Response:
We conclude that pro-inflammatory cytokine expression is increased both locally and in the systemic circulation after intestinal I/R and that the administration of HB-EGF significantly reduces intestinal I/R-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in vivo.
### Instruction: Is p53 overexpression a predictor of local recurrence after treatment for both in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast? ### Response:
p53 overexpression is a common predictor of LR following treatment for all stages of primary operable ductal carcinoma of the breast. This marker may help in planning optimal treatment and follow-up.
### Instruction: Does combined type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor and NOD2/CARD15 genotyping predict complicated Crohn 's disease behaviour? ### Response:
Combined PAI-1 and NOD2/CARD15 genotyping predict complicated Crohn's disease. Patients with these variants could benefit from early interventions.
### Instruction: Do reconstruction of chronic achilles tendon rupture with the use of interposed tissue between the stumps? ### Response:
Interposed tissue between the tendon stumps is suitable for repair of chronic Achilles tendon rupture if preoperative MRI shows a thickened fusiform-shaped Achilles tendon with diffuse intratendinous high-signal alterations throughout.
### Instruction: Does hCV NS5A inhibit interferon-alpha signaling through suppression of STAT1 phosphorylation in hepatocyte-derived cell lines? ### Response:
NS5A may interact with STAT1 and inhibit IFN-alpha signaling through suppression of STAT1 phosphorylation specifically in hepatocyte-derived cells.
### Instruction: Is poor ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation associated with low expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor in granulosa cells? ### Response:
Different levels of FSHR expression in granulosa cells result in different ovarian response, and lower expression of FSHR may account for poor ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation, which suggests the critical role of FSHR in the ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation.
### Instruction: Does exposure to intermittent nociceptive stimulation under pentobarbital anesthesia disrupt spinal cord function in rats? ### Response:
The results suggest a surgical dose of pentobarbital (50 mg/kg) suppresses supraspinal (experiment 2) but not spinal (experiment 1) systems that modulate nociceptive input to the spinal cord by blocking the antinociception that is induced by this input (experiment 3).
### Instruction: Does the CRF1 receptor antagonist R121919 attenuate the neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of precipitated lorazepam withdrawal? ### Response:
These results indicate that the activation of CRF neuronal systems may be a common neurobiological mechanism in withdrawal from drugs of abuse and moreover, that the CRF(1) receptor subtype plays a major role in mediating the effects of CRF on neuroendocrine and behavioral responses during BZ withdrawal. Therefore, CRF(1) receptor antagonists may be of therapeutic utility in the treatment of drug withdrawal syndromes.
### Instruction: Does glucose-added dialysis fluid prevent asymptomatic hypoglycaemia in regular haemodialysis? ### Response:
Asymptomatic HG was frequent during HD when glucose-free dialysis solution was used. Glucose was lost in dialytic fluid leaving the dialyser in significantly lower amounts when using glucose-added solution than glucose-free solution. Glucose-added dialysis solution at 90 mg/dl significantly reduced the number and severity of HG episodes and although it caused higher mean glycaemia in DM patients during HD, its use seems advisable in all patients.
### Instruction: Does school-based internet-tailored fruit and vegetable education combined with brief counselling increase children 's awareness of intake levels? ### Response:
A compact, integrated two-component intervention can induce positive changes in knowledge and awareness of intake levels of fruit/vegetables among schoolchildren. To induce changes in intake levels, more comprehensive interventions may be needed.
### Instruction: Is allergenicity and antigenicity of wild-type and mutant , monomeric , and dimeric carrot major allergen Dau c 1 : destruction of conformation , not oligomerization , the roadmap to save allergen vaccines? ### Response:
Destruction of native conformation rather than oligomerization is the appropriate strategy to reduce the allergenicity of Bet v 1-homologous food allergens.
### Instruction: Do a small molecule Smac mimic potentiates TRAIL-mediated cell death of ovarian cancer cells? ### Response:
These observations suggest that small molecule mimic of Smac/DIABLO could be useful for the development of experimental strategies aiming to treat ovarian cancer. Interestingly, in addition to its well known proapoptotic effects, Smac/DIABLO elicited a significant increase of pro-caspase-3 levels.
### Instruction: Does administration of recombinant factor VIIa decrease blood loss after blunt trauma in noncoagulopathic pigs? ### Response:
A single dose of 120 microg/kg of rVIIa can significantly decrease blood loss in traumatized pigs with no preexisting coagulopathy. Further studies are required to determine the lowest effective dose of this medication.
### Instruction: Is prefrontal cortex activity reduced in gambling and nongambling substance users during decision-making? ### Response:
Our results support a hypothesis that defects in ventral medial frontal processing lead to impaired decisions that involve risk. Reductions in right prefrontal activity during decision-making appear to be modulated by the presence of gambling problems and may reflect impaired working memory, stimulus reward valuation, or cue reactivity in substance-dependent individuals.
### Instruction: Is expression of the caudal-type homeodomain transcription factor CDX2 related to clinical outcome in biliary tract carcinoma? ### Response:
Expression of CDX2 was an independent indicator of outcome in patients with BTC in addition to tumor stage and tumor differentiation. The mechanism by which CDX2 expression influences behavior of biliary tract carcinoma needs further investigation.
### Instruction: Is improved posttreatment functional outcome associated with better survival in patients irradiated for metastatic spinal cord compression? ### Response:
The response to RT and the post-RT ambulatory status are important predictors for survival in MSCC patients. This finding can be used by physicians to stratify future studies, plan further therapy, and improve follow-up strategy in these patients.
### Instruction: Does deficiency of SPARC suppress intestinal tumorigenesis in APCMin/+ mice? ### Response:
These data implicate Sparc in both cell migration and tumour formation, and identify Sparc as a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
### Instruction: Do high hepatic glutathione stores alleviate Fas-induced apoptosis in mice? ### Response:
The SAA(+) diet preserves GSSG/GSH ratios, and prevents PKCzeta and p47(phox) phosphorylations, Yes activation, Fas-tyrosine phosphorylation, mitochondrial permeabilization, and hepatic apoptosis after Fas stimulation. GSH monoethyl ester is also protective, suggesting possible clinical applications.
### Instruction: Does [ Nitric oxide/heme oxygenase-1 mediate the antioxidant effect of ACEI in rat aortic rings ]? ### Response:
Both ACEI with or without sulfhydryl groups could prevent the H(2)O(2) induced decrease in contraction responses to PE in intact aortic rings. The increase of NO and activation of HO-1 might be involved in the mechanism.
### Instruction: Does helicobacter pylori eradication prevent recurrence after simple closure of perforated duodenal ulcer? ### Response:
Eradication of H. pylori significantly reduces the relapse of duodenal ulcer after simple closure of perforation. Anti H. pylori therapy must be recommended for all H. pylori positive patients after simple closure of a perforated duodenal ulcer.
### Instruction: Does non-mitogenic acidic fibroblast growth factor reduce intestinal dysfunction induced by ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats? ### Response:
Both types of aFGF had protective effects on gut I/R and there was no significant difference between the two aFGF. The protective effects of aFGF may come from the non-mitogenic activity rather than the mitogenic activity of aFGF in tissue repair, indicating a potentially clinical use for the non-mitogenic effects of aFGF in preventing visceral organ injury triggered by I/R injury in the future.
### Instruction: Does quantified corticospinal tract diffusion restriction predict neonatal stroke outcome? ### Response:
Descending corticospinal tracts diffusion-weighted MRI signal is predictive of motor outcome from neonatal arterial ischemic stroke. This accurate, reliable, and simple tool will impact decision making in acute neonatal stroke.
### Instruction: Does preconditioning suppress inflammation in neonatal hypoxic ischemia via Akt activation? ### Response:
Suppression of inflammatory responses may contribute to PC neuroprotection against neonatal H-I brain injury. This effect is mediated in part via upregulating PI3-K/Akt activity.
### Instruction: Does hypoxic preconditioning induce neuroprotective stanniocalcin-1 in brain via IL-6 signaling? ### Response:
These findings indicate that IL-6-mediated expression of STC-1 is one molecular mechanism of hypoxic preconditioning-induced tolerance to brain ischemia.
### Instruction: Is low-grade inflammation a risk factor for clinical stroke events in addition to silent cerebral infarcts in Japanese older hypertensives : the Jichi Medical School ABPM Study , wave 1? ### Response:
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein is a risk factor for clinical stroke events in addition to silent cerebral infarcts in Japanese older hypertensives, indicating that the risk for clinical stroke events increases with preexisting hypertensive target organ damage in the brain and additionally with ongoing low-grade inflammation.
### Instruction: Does intravesical suplatast tosilate ( IPD-1151T ) inhibit experimental bladder inflammation? ### Response:
IPD-1151T inhibits bladder release of histamine and tumor necrosis factor-alpha through a mechanism that does not appear to involve direct mast cell inhibition. These findings may justify a beneficial effect of IPD-1151T in interstitial cystitis.
### Instruction: Does sDF-1 play a key role in the repairing and remodeling process on rat allo-orthotopic abdominal aorta grafts? ### Response:
Prolonged cold ischemia may delay the graft's arteriosclerosis by selectively chemoattracting stem cells to the damaged intima through SDF-1, the presence of which may predict graft arteriosclerosis and the subsequent development of chronic graft dysfunction (CGD). The SDF-1 antibody slowed the endothelial chimerism by blocking this chemoattration. In addition to mycophenolate mofetil and FK 506, SDF-1 antibody might be a new potential effective strategy to decrease the frequency of CGD.
### Instruction: Is bioavailability of food folates 80 % of that of folic acid? ### Response:
The aggregate bioavailability of folates from fruit, vegetables, and liver is approximately 80% of that of folic acid. The consumption of a diet rich in food folate can improve the folate status of a population more efficiently than is generally assumed.
### Instruction: Do plasma concentrations of free triiodothyronine predict weight change in euthyroid persons? ### Response:
In euthyroid Pima Indians, lower free T(3) but not free T(4) concentrations were an independent predictor of SMR and lipid oxidation and a predictor of weight gain. This finding indicates that control of T(4)-to-T(3) conversion may play a role in body weight regulation.
### Instruction: Does partial amniotic carbon dioxide insufflation ( PACI ) facilitate fetoscopic interventions in complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies? ### Response:
Partial amniotic carbon dioxide insufflation may facilitate fetoscopic procedures in complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies when conventional fetoscopic approaches within amniotic fluid meet difficulties. Further studies are required to allow assessment of benefits, risks, and safety margins of the new approach before it can generally be recommended.
### Instruction: Does the small-molecule inhibitor BI 2536 reveal novel insights into mitotic roles of polo-like kinase 1? ### Response:
Our results suggest that Plk1's accumulation at centrosomes and kinetochores depends on its own activity and that this activity is required for maintaining centrosome and kinetochore function. Our data also show that Plk1 is not required for prophase entry, but delays transition to prometaphase, and that Emi1 destruction in prometaphase is not essential for APC/C-mediated cyclin A degradation.
### Instruction: Do time lapse and comorbidities influence patient knowledge and pursuit of medical care after traumatic splenectomy? ### Response:
Trauma patients retain minimal knowledge about infection risk after splenectomy and are not likely to pursue appropriate medical care. Time since injury negatively influences patient actions. Healthcare providers must be more proactive to develop new strategies in educating these patients, particularly those without comorbidities and those greater than 3 years postsplenectomy.
### Instruction: Is tails of the unexpected : palatal medial edge epithelium no more specialized than other embryonic epithelium? ### Response:
These findings suggest that embryonic epithelium from non-specific sites around the body has the ability to disappear with mechanical contact resulting in fusion of tissues. MEE may not be as specialized as once thought.
### Instruction: Is recombinant bovine growth hormone-induced reduction of atrial natriuretic peptide associated with improved left ventricular contractility and reverse remodeling in cardiomyopathic UM-X7.1 hamsters with congestive heart failure? ### Response:
The data show that a short-term administration of GH in the terminal phase of the disease confers cardioprotection by attenuating systolic dysfunction and by inducing beneficial reverse remodeling.
### Instruction: Does primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease reveal insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 regulation by protein kinase A? ### Response:
IGFBP-2 expression is increased in PPNAD caused by PRKAR1A mutations, and in adrenocortical cancer cells. This is the first evidence for PKA-dependent regulation of IGFBP-2 expression in adrenocortical cells.
### Instruction: Does [ Formulation and process optimization of formula Qiqi pellet prepared by extrusion-spheronization ]? ### Response:
Extrusion-spheronization was suitable to produce Chinese Herbal Medicine pellets. The preparation process was simple and feasible; The quality of the prepared pellets was excellent. It was worth further study.
### Instruction: Do adrenal gland volume and dexamethasone-suppressed cortisol correlate with total daily salivary cortisol in African-American women? ### Response:
A dexamethasone suppression test or adrenal gland volume may be alternative measures for characterizing subtle subclinical hypercortisolism in healthy adults.
### Instruction: Do acute ischemic lesions of varying ages predict risk of ischemic events in stroke/TIA patients? ### Response:
The presence of multiple diffusion-weighted imaging lesions of varying ages suggests very active early recurrence over time and portends a higher early risk of future ischemic events.
### Instruction: Does complement component C5a predict restenosis after superficial femoral artery balloon angioplasty? ### Response:
Inflammatory mechanisms play a major role in the development of restenosis after angioplasty. The complement component C5a exerts strong chemotactic and proinflammatory effects. Enhanced complement activation prior to PTA, as measured by higher levels of C5a, was significantly associated with restenosis after SFA balloon angioplasty. Pathways of complement inhibition thus may be worth investigating with respect to improving patency rates.
### Instruction: Is caspase-9 expression increased in endothelial cells of active Behçet 's disease patients? ### Response:
Endothelial cells are one of the key cells in Behçet's disease, and our findings support the role of endothelial cells in the etiopathogenesis of Behçet's disease.
### Instruction: Are food spending behaviors and perceptions associated with fruit and vegetable intake among parents and their preadolescent children? ### Response:
Public health efforts to raise awareness of the relatively low cost of fruits and vegetables should be continued. These efforts may be complemented with policy strategies that make fruits and vegetables more viable options for low-income households.
### Instruction: Are self-efficacy and norm measures for lunch fruit and vegetable consumption reliable and valid among fifth grade students? ### Response:
Self-efficacy and norms for eating FV at school lunch are related to lunch FV consumption. Increasing self-efficacy and social norms about consuming FV at school appears to be important targets to improve FV consumption.
### Instruction: Do imputing variance estimates alter the conclusions of a meta-analysis with continuous outcomes : a case study of changes in renal function after living kidney donation? ### Response:
Different methods to impute the variance data in the primary studies did not alter the conclusions from this meta-analysis of continuous outcomes. Such reproducibility increases confidence in the results. However, as with most meta-analyses, there was no gold standard of truth, and results must be interpreted judiciously. The generalization of these findings to other meta-analyses, which differ in outcomes, missing data, or between-study heterogeneity, requires further consideration.
### Instruction: Does intravascular parasympathetic cardiac nerve stimulation prevent ventricular arrhythmias during acute myocardial ischemia? ### Response:
The IPS suppressed ventricular arrhythmias during acute ischemia mainly through its bradycardiac effect.
### Instruction: Are platelet monocyte aggregates and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 inhibited by aspirin in critical limb ischaemia? ### Response:
Despite aspirin treatment CLI patients have higher platelet activation and MCP-1 expression than controls and claudicants. With increasing severity of disease aspirin is unable to suppress markers of platelet activation and pro-atherosclerotic chemokine expression which may represent another form of aspirin resistance.
### Instruction: Is botulinum toxin B an effective treatment of refractory overactive bladder? ### Response:
BTX-B had a limited duration of action, with most of its symptomatically beneficial effects wearing off by 10 weeks in most of our patients. The short duration of action for BTX-B suggests it is unlikely to gain widespread use in the treatment of DO.
### Instruction: Does a wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit gene provide enhanced drought tolerance in tobacco? ### Response:
Tobacco plants with pCAPE2-TaPP2Ac-1 appeared to be resistant to water deficit, as shown by their higher capacity to maintain leaf relative water content, leaf cell-membrane stability index, water-retention ability and water use efficiency under water stress. The results suggest that the physiological role of TaPP2Ac-1 is related to drought stress response, possibly through its involvement in drought-responding signal transduction pathways.
### Instruction: Do cytokine mobilization of bone marrow cells and pancreatic lesion improve streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice by transdifferentiation of bone marrow cells into insulin-producing cells? ### Response:
We conclude that BMC cannot spontaneously transdifferentiate into insulin-producing cells in vivo, even after beta-cell lesion and mobilization induced by cytokines. Interestingly, however, treatment by cytokines may have beneficial indirect effects on STZ-induced hyperglycaemia.
### Instruction: Is upregulation of pirin expression by chronic cigarette smoking associated with bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis? ### Response:
These observations suggest that up-regulation of pirin may represent one mechanism by which cigarette smoke induces apoptosis in the airway epithelium, an observation that has implications for the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke-induced diseases.
### Instruction: Do phylogenetic analyses of complete mitochondrial genome sequences suggest a basal divergence of the enigmatic rodent Anomalurus? ### Response:
Taken together, the data presented provide a working hypothesis as to the phylogenetic placement of Anomalurus, underline the utility of mitochondrial sequences in the resolution of even relatively deep divergences and go some way to explaining the difficulty of conclusively resolving higher-level relationships within Glires with available data and methodologies.
### Instruction: Is unilateral pudendal neuropathy common in patients with fecal incontinence? ### Response:
Unilateral pudendal neuropathy is a common abnormality in individuals with fecal incontinence and is significantly associated with both attenuated resting pressures and squeeze increments. Although there are limitations in the interpretation of pudendal nerve terminal motor latencies, this study demonstrates that further exploration of the concept of lateral dominance is needed.
### Instruction: Does cement augmentation of vertebral screws enhance the interface strength between interbody device and vertebral body? ### Response:
Cage-vertebra interface properties were improved when cement was used to augment vertebral and pedicle screws. Cement augmentation of pedicle or anterior screws may reduce interbody device subsidence.
### Instruction: Are interferon-alpha-induced depressive symptoms related to changes in the cytokine network but not to cortisol? ### Response:
Results suggest a clear connection between IFN-alpha-induced depressive symptoms and cytokine concentrations, but not cortisol.
### Instruction: Are somatoform dissociation and somatosensory amplification differentially associated with attention to the tactile modality following exposure to body-related stimuli? ### Response:
Individuals with a tendency to experience somatoform symptoms focus more on stimuli in the tactile modality immediately following exposure to threatening body-relevant information. In contrast, self-reported somatosensory amplification appears to be associated with attention away from the tactile modality rather than with increased tactile focus.
### Instruction: Do ultrasound biomicroscopy in the comparison of the anterior segment morphometry before and after pars plana vitrectomy? ### Response:
Uncomplicated pars plana vitrectomy does not induce any long-term change on anterior segment morphometry. Based on these findings, the normal long-term pattern to be expected after pars plana vitrectomy is the conservation of the preoperative morphometry.
### Instruction: Do relationship between diabetes and mortality among persons with co-occurring psychotic and substance use disorders? ### Response:
Interventions targeted for diabetes prevention and diabetes management are critical for persons with serious mental illness, particularly among those who also abuse substances.
### Instruction: Are lacunar infarcts the main correlate with cognitive dysfunction in CADASIL? ### Response:
Lacunar infarct lesion load is the most important MRI parameter associated with cognitive dysfunction in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy.
### Instruction: Does dietary sialic acid supplementation improve learning and memory in piglets? ### Response:
Feeding a protein-bound source of sialic acid during early development enhanced learning and increased expression of 2 genes associated with learning in developing piglets. Sialic acid in mammalian milks could play a role in cognitive development.
### Instruction: Does pretreating rats with parenteral ophthalmic antimuscarinic agents decrease mortality from lethal organophosphate poisoning? ### Response:
Parenteral pretreatment with ophthalmic preparations of homatropine or atropine sulfate was equal to standard atropine in preventing lethality in this rat model of acute, lethal OP poisoning.
### Instruction: Is human adipose tissue cannabinoid receptor 1 gene expression related to fat cell function or adiponectin level? ### Response:
We found no association of human adipose tissue CNR1 mRNA expression with measures of body fat, metabolic parameters, fat cell function, or ADIPOQ expression. These data do not suggest a major role of human adipose CNR1 in fat cell function or metabolic disease development.
### Instruction: Do chronic celecoxib users more often show regression of gastric intestinal metaplasia after Helicobacter pylori eradication? ### Response:
With H. pylori infection, chronic celecoxib users still showed limited effects to decrease intestinal metaplasia. Nevertheless, celecoxib should be promising to assist H. pylori eradication for the control of gastric intestinal metaplasia and cancer risk.
### Instruction: Do specific secondary genetic alterations in mantle cell lymphoma provide prognostic information independent of the gene expression-based proliferation signature? ### Response:
Cyclin D1-positive and -negative MCLs share the same secondary genetic aberrations, supporting the concept that they correspond to the same genetic entity. The integration of genetic information on chromosome 3q and 9q alterations into a proliferation signature-based model may improve the ability to predict survival in patients with MCL.
### Instruction: Does adrenocortical suppression increase the risk of relapse in nephrotic syndrome? ### Response:
Children with NS receiving long-term alternate day prednisolone therapy are at risk of developing HPA suppression and should be evaluated using the modified synacthen test. Children with evidence of HPA suppression are at a greater risk of relapse.
### Instruction: Does [ Kappa-opioid receptor mediate the cardioprotective effect of ischemic postconditioning ]? ### Response:
Postconditioning may protect myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury via activating kappa-Opioid receptors and mitoK(KATP).
### Instruction: Do placental growth patterns affect birth weight for given placental weight? ### Response:
Patterns of placental growth, relating to different functional dimensions of the placenta, deliver a different birth weight for a given placental weight.
### Instruction: Does [ Gamma-Schisandrin inhibit production of amyloid beta-protein 42 in M146L cells ]? ### Response:
gamma-Schisandrin inhibited production of Abeta42 in M146L cells through inhibiting gamma-secretase.
### Instruction: Does refill non-adherence to repeat prescriptions lead to treatment gaps or to high extra costs? ### Response:
Both undersupply and oversupply of prescribed medicines are common in Sweden. Patients with a refill adherence below 80% seem to have less than half of the prescribed treatment available. Oversupply or drug stockpiling occurs more frequently among exempt than among non-exempt patients, and this oversupply leads to high unnecessary costs.
### Instruction: Is tibial geometry associated with failure load ex vivo : a MRI , pQCT and DXA study? ### Response:
We found that there was a close association between geometry and mechanical properties regardless of the imaging modality (MRI or pQCT) used.
### Instruction: Is predictive value of the preablation serum thyroglobulin level after thyroidectomy combined with postablation 131I whole body scintigraphy for successful ablation in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma? ### Response:
These data indicate that the combined use of serum Tg levels measured just before ablation and the 131I WBS patterns after ablation may be an early predictor of ablation success in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who received total thyroidectomy and high-dose 131I ablation therapy.
### Instruction: Does irradiation promote Akt-targeting therapeutic gene delivery to the tumor vasculature? ### Response:
This study offers a new rationale to combine radiotherapy with gene therapy, by directly exploiting the stimulatory effects of radiation on NO production by tumor endothelial cells. The preferential expression of the transgene in the tumor microvasculature underscores the potential of such an adjuvant strategy to limit the angiogenic response of irradiated tumors.
### Instruction: Does [ A novel mutation in antithrombin gene result in hereditary antithrombin deficiency ]? ### Response:
This heterozygous nonsense mutation of T9833A in exon 5 resulting in venous thrombosis is a novel genetic defect of hereditary AT deficiency, which has not been described before.
### Instruction: Do shortcomings in methodology complicate measurements of serum retinol binding protein ( RBP4 ) in insulin-resistant human subjects? ### Response:
These findings support the use of quantitative western blotting standardised to full-length RBP4 protein as a 'gold standard' method for measuring serum RBP4 in insulin-resistant states. Other assays should use full-length RBP4 and be extensively cross-validated using other methods.
### Instruction: Do angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors impair recombinant human erythropoietin induced erythropoiesis in patients with chronic renal failure? ### Response:
The present data from our population confirms that ACE inhibitors/ARBs interfere with rHuEPO therapy for treatment of anemia in CRF. The ACE inhibitors/ARBs inhibit erythropoiesis induced by rHuEPO in CRF patients, therefore, simultaneous use of ACE inhibitors/ARBs and rHuEPO should be carried out with caution.
### Instruction: Are large genomic rearrangements within the PCDH15 gene a significant cause of USH1F syndrome? ### Response:
A complete screen of PCDH15 should include a search for large deletions. Failure to screen for gross genomic rearrangements is likely to significantly lower the mutation detection rate. A likely explanation for the high rate of such deletions is the unusual gene structure. PCDH15 gene spans nearly 1 Mb for a corresponding open reading frame (ORF) of 7,021 bp. The intron sizes of PCDH15 are up to 150 kb, and the first three exons of the gene cover 0.42 Mb. The genomic structure of any gene should be taken into consideration when designing a mutation screening strategy.
### Instruction: Are food insecurity and gender risk factors for obesity? ### Response:
Obesity prevention programs and policies need to address food insecurity and gender as key risk factors.
### Instruction: Does body mass index predict prostate-specific antigen or percent free prostate-specific antigen in men undergoing prostate cancer screening? ### Response:
Body mass index does not affect PSA or %fPSA in men without known prostate cancer, who undergo prostate cancer screening. Therefore, PSA or %fPSA-based screening or early detection efforts do not require an adjustment for BMI.
### Instruction: Does preoperative posterior leaflet angle accurately predict outcome after restrictive mitral valve annuloplasty for ischemic mitral regurgitation? ### Response:
In patients undergoing restrictive annuloplasty for ischemic MR, persistence of MR and 3-year event-free survival can accurately be predicted by preoperative analysis of mitral valve configuration. Patients with a PL angle > or = 45 degrees (ie, with high PL restriction) should thus be considered poor candidates for this procedure, and concomitant or alternative procedures should be contemplated.
### Instruction: Do medical disorders affect health outcome and general functioning depending on comorbid major depression in the general population? ### Response:
Findings have consequences for diagnostic and treatment procedures, as well as in relation to the importance of the number of medical disorders in future studies.
### Instruction: Are surgeons failing to recognize children with HIV infection? ### Response:
It is likely that the incidence of HIV/AIDS infection is higher than the 4% identified in our study group. The surgical manifestations in these HIV-positive children are dominated by sepsis, often severe in nature and with opportunistic pathogens. Despite increased knowledge about the disease and widening therapeutic opportunities, our results suggest that many children with HIV infection are not being recognized, despite entry into the healthcare system. Prompt recognition and surgical management of the complications of pediatric HIV infection can sometimes result in a good outcome. Further studies are therefore required to define the true incidence of HIV/AIDS infection in children presenting as a surgical emergency case. These patients may benefit from early antiretroviral therapy. Surgeons are well placed to identify children who are HIV positive and should do more to ensure HIV testing and enrollment into antiretroviral treatment programs.
### Instruction: Is persistent platelet activation related to very early cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndromes? ### Response:
Enhanced platelet function after PCI when measured under high shear rates by both PFA-100 cartridges is independently associated with the most unfavourable in-hospital clinical outcome.
### Instruction: Does school-based physical activity compromise children 's academic performance? ### Response:
The AS! BC model is an attractive and feasible intervention to increase physical activity for students while maintaining levels of academic performance.
### Instruction: Does anti-LOX-1 rescue endothelial function in coronary arterioles in atherosclerotic ApoE knockout mice? ### Response:
These results suggest that ox-LDL impairs endothelium-dependent NO-mediated dilation of coronary arterioles by activation of a signaling cascade involving LOX-1 and NAD(P)H oxidase expression.
### Instruction: Does plasmin induce endothelium-dependent nitric oxide-mediated relaxation in the porcine coronary artery? ### Response:
The present study demonstrated, for the first time, that plasmin induced an endothelium-dependent NO-mediated relaxation in the porcine coronary artery, while also showing plasmin to specifically inactivate the thrombin receptor.
### Instruction: Does phospholipid transfer protein augment apoptosis in THP-1-derived macrophages induced by lipolyzed hypertriglyceridemic plasma? ### Response:
Our data show that lipolysis of TGRLPs and their remodelling by PLTP interact to disturb cellular phospholipid flux and intracellular signaling processes, ultimately leading to apoptosis in human macrophages and endothelial cells.
### Instruction: Does cD44 regulate vascular gene expression in a proatherogenic environment? ### Response:
CD44 is an early mediator of atherogenesis by virtue of its ability to regulate vascular gene expression in response to a proatherogenic environment.
### Instruction: Do effects of direct-to-consumer advertising of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitors on attainment of LDL-C goals? ### Response:
The results of this study suggest that higher levels of DTC television advertising of statin treatment were significantly associated with improvements in the likelihood of attaining cholesterol-management goals for at least some patients. While this paper does not address the impact of DTC advertising on the costs of care or on unnecessary switching between statin treatments, the results do suggest that DTC advertising can have beneficial effects, which should be a factor when additional restrictions on DTC advertising are considered. This result-that DTC ad vertising might have beneficial effects-should be weighed against existing studies that have found that patients' suggestions (conceptually which could be induced by DTC advertising) may be associated with overprescribing (eg, in the case of the use of antidepressants for adjustment disorder).
### Instruction: Does synergy of interferon-alpha and 5-fluorouracil in human renal cell carcinoma require p53 activity? ### Response:
The synergy of IFN-alpha and 5-FU requires p53 activity, suggesting that p53 status may serve as a predictive factor for response to the combination therapy. Because metastatic RCC frequently has p53 mutations, therapy restoring p53 may markedly improve the response rate of immunochemical therapy combining IFN-alpha and 5-FU.
### Instruction: Is hippocampal activation in patients with mild cognitive impairment necessary for successful memory encoding? ### Response:
These results suggest that in patients with MCI, an increase in MTL activation is necessary for successful memory encoding. Hippocampal activation may help to link newly learned information to items already stored in memory. Increased activation in MTL regions in MCI may reflect a compensatory response to the beginning of AD pathology.
### Instruction: Is heparin-induced thrombocytopenia following cardiac surgery associated with poor outcome? ### Response:
The incidence of HIT in association with low-molecular-weight heparin use after cardiac surgery was low. HIT was associated with perioperative platelet transfusions and carried a remarkably high risk of thromboembolic complications and death. In order to reduce morbidity and mortality, early recognition of heparin-associated antiplatelet antibodies and alternative anticoagulation strategies need to be implemented.
### Instruction: Are lys , pro and trp critical core amino acid residues recognized by FUM20 , a monoclonal antibody against serine protease pan-fungal allergens? ### Response:
The lysine, proline and tryptophan residues located on the N-terminal region of fungal serine proteases are critical core amino acid residues recognized by FUM20, a monoclonal antibody against serine protease pan-fungal allergens. These findings advance our understanding of the antigenic structures responsible for the antigenicity of serine protease allergens.
### Instruction: Does estrogen receptor beta/alpha ratio predict response of pancreatic cancer cells to estrogens and phytoestrogens? ### Response:
PaCa proliferation in vitro is highly estrogen sensitive, and in contrast to other reports, ERs are frequently expressed. In 7/8 cell lines, ERbeta expression outweighs ERalpha expression. The impact of the ERbeta/ERalpha ratio on estrogen-mediated growth stimulation and reduced cytotoxicity at physiological concentrations may have clinical implications on PaCa therapy.
### Instruction: Does vasoactive intestinal peptide inhibit adhesion molecule expression in activated human colon serosal fibroblasts by preventing NF-kappaB activation? ### Response:
VIP has an inhibitory effect on IL-1beta-induced ICAM-1 expression in SFs, which may be associated with NF-kappaB activity. This may make VIP potentially a novel therapeutic agent for preventing stricture formation in Crohn's disease.
### Instruction: Does a novel dendritic cell-based cancer vaccine produce promising results in a syngenic CC-36 murine colon adenocarcinoma model? ### Response:
DCs pulsed with an IL-2 gene-encoded vaccinia virus tumor oncolysate (DC-IL-2VCO) produced safe and effective immune responses in a murine CC-36 colon adenocarcinoma model. This vaccine (DC-MelVac; Patent no. 11221/5) has the potential to treat humans with cancer, and has received FDA approval for use in Phase I clinical trials.
### Instruction: Does fish oil supplementation alter energy efficiency in healthy males? ### Response:
FO supplementation did not significantly alter energy metabolism and energy efficiency during exercise in healthy humans.
### Instruction: Do patients with differentiated thyroid cancer have a venous gradient in thyroglobulin levels? ### Response:
To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to document a venous gradient in Tg protein levels in patients with DTC. The findings suggested that venous sampling for Tg may be used to localize DTC in some patients who have high or increasing serum Tg levels but negative radioiodine scans or imaging studies.
### Instruction: Is cardiovascular fitness negatively associated with homocysteine levels in female adolescents? ### Response:
The results suggest that cardiovascular fitness is negatively associated with homocysteine levels in female adolescents after controlling for potential cofounders including MTHFR 677C>T genotype.
### Instruction: Does combined quantitative supine-prone myocardial perfusion SPECT improve detection of coronary artery disease and normalcy rates in women? ### Response:
Combined supine-prone quantitative MPS in women yields significantly increased specificity and normalcy rates without compromising sensitivity for the detection of CAD compared with standard analysis.
### Instruction: Is convenience the key to hepatitis A and B vaccination uptake among young adult injection drug users? ### Response:
IDUs were willing to be vaccinated but immediate, on-site availability was critical for uptake. Convenience should be a key consideration in designing strategies to increase vaccine coverage among IDUs.
### Instruction: Do human myometrium and leiomyomas express gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2 and gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2 receptor? ### Response:
A second form of GnRH and corresponding receptor exists in the fibroid and myometrium. We speculate that an autocrine loop exists. Our findings provide further evidence that GnRH agonists may interact directly with GnRH receptors present in uterine fibroids.