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### Instruction:
Do low concentrations of transforming growth factor-beta-1 induce tubulogenesis in cultured mammary epithelial cells?
### Response:
| Altogether, our results provide evidence that, at low concentrations, TGF-beta-1 promotes MMP-dependent branching tubulogenesis by mammary epithelial cells in vitro, and suggest that it plays a similar role during mammary gland development in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Does phosphorylation of sodium channels mediated by protein kinase-C modulate inhibition by topiramate of tetrodotoxin-sensitive transient sodium current?
### Response:
| These data show that PKC-activation can modulate the effect of topiramate on I(NaT). This suggests that channel phosphorylation in physiological or pathological conditions (such as epiliepsy), can alter the action of topiramate on sodium currents. |
### Instruction:
Are genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 related to drug-induced idiosyncratic liver injury ( DILI )?
### Response:
| We find no evidence to support CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms as predictable potential risk factors for DILI. |
### Instruction:
Does intraoperative cholangiography facilitate simple transcystic clearance of ductal stones in units without expertise for laparoscopic bile duct surgery?
### Response:
| In this series, 10% of the abnormal cholangiograms occurred in patients without preoperative risk factors for bile duct stones. Altogether, 88 IOCs (31%) were cleared after either simple flushing or trawling with a Dormia basket. Formal LBDE was not required for 40% of abnormal cholangiograms. Simple transcystic manipulations to clear the bile ducts justify the use of routine IOC in units without laparoscopic biliary expertise. |
### Instruction:
Does hypernatremia predict adverse cardiovascular and neurological outcomes after SAH?
### Response:
| In the acute period after SAH, hypernatremia is associated with adverse cardiac outcomes and death. SAH patients with hypernatremia should be monitored for evidence of cardiac dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Is a cross-sectional study of self-reported chemical-related sensitivity associated with gene variants of drug-metabolizing enzymes?
### Response:
| The results from our study population show that individuals being slow acetylators and/or harbouring a homozygous GSTM1 and/or GSTT1 deletion reported chemical-related hypersensitivity more frequently. |
### Instruction:
Does dual blockade of the Hedgehog and ERK1/2 pathways coordinately decrease proliferation and survival of cholangiocarcinoma cells?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that the Hedgehog and ERK1/2 pathways are important for CCA cell proliferation, and simultaneous inhibition of the two pathways may lead to stronger decreases in cell growth and viability in a subset of CCA cases. |
### Instruction:
Do higher concentrations of alanine aminotransferase within the reference interval predict nonalcoholic fatty liver disease?
### Response:
| In apparently healthy, nondiabetic Korean men, increased ALT concentration, even within the reference interval, was an independent predictor of incident NAFLD. |
### Instruction:
Do chronic rhinosinusitis patients with polyps or polypoid mucosa have a greater burden of illness?
### Response:
| Compared with CRSsNP, patients with CRScNP have a greater burden of symptoms, more prior surgery, higher CT scan scores, and greater use of medications. |
### Instruction:
Is plasma aldosterone related to severity of obstructive sleep apnea in subjects with resistant hypertension?
### Response:
| OSA is extremely common in subjects with resistant hypertension. A significant correlation between PAC and OSA severity is observed in subjects with resistant hypertension but not in control subjects. While cause and effect cannot be inferred, the data suggest that aldosterone excess may contribute to OSA severity. |
### Instruction:
Does intensive smoking cessation intervention reduce mortality in high-risk smokers with cardiovascular disease?
### Response:
| Hospitalized smokers, especially those with cardiovascular disease, should undergo treatment with a structured intensive cessation intervention. The duration of the initial treatment should be 3 months. |
### Instruction:
Is persistent airway obstruction after virus infection associated with airway inflammation?
### Response:
| Persistent airway obstruction and uncontrolled asthma are observed in some people after viral asthma exacerbations. These abnormalities are not associated with inflammatory cell influx into the airway lining fluid during the exacerbation and may reflect the involvement of noncellular elements. Further work should explore other mechanisms leading to incomplete airway recovery. |
### Instruction:
Is use of modern contraception by the poor falling behind?
### Response:
| The secular trend of increasing rates of modern contraceptive use has not resulted in a decrease of the gap in use for those living in absolute poverty. Countries with large economic inequalities also exhibit large inequalities in modern contraceptive use. In addition to macro level factors that influence contraceptive use, such as economic development and provision of reproductive health services, there are strong regional variations, with sub-Saharan Africa exhibiting the lowest national rates of use, South and Southeast Asia the highest use among the poor, and Latin America the largest inequalities in use. |
### Instruction:
Does best lead in the standard electrocardiogram for the emergency detection of acute coronary syndrome?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that leads III, aVL, and V2 are sufficient for computerized prediction of ACS. The present results are likely important in situations where the 12-lead ECG is impractical and for the creation of clinical decision support systems for ECG prediction of ACS. |
### Instruction:
Is sinonasal epithelial cell expression of toll-like receptor 9 decreased in chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps?
### Response:
| Functional TLR9 protein is expressed by normal and diseased sinonasal epithelial cells. The level of TLR9 expression is decreased in CRSwNP patients, consistent with the previous finding of decreased TLR9 mRNA in whole sinonasal tissue. These findings suggest that impaired innate immune responses to pathogens via TLR9 on sinonasal epithelial cells may represent a critical mechanism in chronic inflammatory sinus disease. |
### Instruction:
Does parental smoking impair vaccine responses in children with atopic genotypes?
### Response:
| PS potentiates suppressive effects of variants in immune response genes in children. These effects are not observed in the absence of this exposure. Ultimately, this finding might have implications for infant vaccination in countries with high smoking rates. It might also have broader implications in relation to environmental toxicology because it demonstrates specific mechanisms through which the developing immune system might be differentially sensitive to low-level toxicant exposures. |
### Instruction:
Does oral administration of tetrahydrobiopterin slow the progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice?
### Response:
| Strategies such as oral administration of BH4 to ensure continuous BH4 availability may be effective in restoring nitric oxide-mediated endothelial function and limiting vascular disease and the progression of atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Does site of arterial occlusion identified by transcranial Doppler predict the response to intravenous thrombolysis for stroke?
### Response:
| Clinical response to thrombolysis is influenced by the site of occlusion. Patients with no detectable residual flow signals as well as those with terminal internal carotid artery occlusions are least likely to respond early or long term. |
### Instruction:
Does prevalence and correlate of binge eating disorder in a community sample?
### Response:
| PHQ-BED criteria are associated with substantial impairment, psychiatric comorbidity, and obesity and effectively discriminate obese individuals with psychological problems from obese subjects without similar problems. BED may be considerably more prevalent than other eating disorders and equally prevalent among men and women. |
### Instruction:
Are proinflammatory macrophage migratory inhibition factor and interleukin-6 concentrated in pleural effusion of human fetuses with prenatal chylothorax?
### Response:
| Our study demonstrated that the levels of pro-inflammatory proteins (MIF and IL-6) that we tested were higher in the fetal pleural effusion than in the fetal circulation, a phenomenon not observed in the levels of proangiogenic proteins (HGF, SDF-1, VEGF, IL-8). This result implies that inflammation-related proteins may be more relevant than the angiogenesis-related proteins in the local environment of accumulating pleural effusion, a prominent feature of prenatal chylothorax. |
### Instruction:
Does evaluation of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging contrast in MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy?
### Response:
| Quantitative analysis of MRI contrasts had a low yield of identifying focal abnormalities concordant with putative epileptic foci in patients with unremarkable conventional MRI. Specificity was low for FFT2 and DIR. With the low specificity, data must be interpreted with caution, but in some patients may assist in creating a hypothesis for testing with intracranial electrodes. |
### Instruction:
Does expression of the Longin domain of TI-VAMP impair lysosomal secretion and epithelial cell migration?
### Response:
| The results of the present study suggest that the expression of the Longin domain of TI-VAMP regulates lysosomal secretion of epithelial cells and provide molecular evidence for a role of the late endocytic system in cell migration. |
### Instruction:
Is hypercalcaemia associated with poor mental health in haemodialysis patients : results from Japan DOPPS?
### Response:
| Hypercalcaemia, but not high intact PTH, is associated with poor mental health in dialysis patients. While a cause-effect relationship between hypercalcaemia and deterioration of mental health needs further confirmation by longitudinal and prospective studies, our observational findings suggest the importance of control of serum calcium concentration in dialysis patients. |
### Instruction:
Does levels and correlate of exercise in a border mexican american population?
### Response:
| Understanding personal and environmental factors that influence physical activity and exercise in this minority population is critical for the development of culturally sensitive health interventions. |
### Instruction:
Do platinum group elements enhance the allergic immune response by acting on dendritic cells?
### Response:
| We conclude that PLGE have an adjuvant-like effect on dendritic cells that can favor and amplify the immune response to allergens. |
### Instruction:
Does stimulation of the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling pathway elicit human sperm chemotaxis in vitro?
### Response:
| These data suggest that NO may exert a chemoattractant effect on human spermatozoa and that the signal transduction involves the activation of sGC, the synthesis of cGMP, and the activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinases. |
### Instruction:
Are ovarian dysgerminomas characterised by frequent KIT mutations and abundant expression of pluripotency markers?
### Response:
| This study provides new data supporting two distinct but overlapping pathways in OGCT development; one involving spontaneous KIT mutation(s) leading to increased survival and proliferation of undifferentiated oogonia, the other related to presence of Y chromosome material and ensuing gonadal dysgenesis in phenotypic females. |
### Instruction:
Are negative inotropic effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta ameliorated by alfentanil in rat ventricular myocytes?
### Response:
| TNF-alpha and IL-1beta induce a significant negative inotropic effect on ventricular myocytes in a time dependent manner through disruption of SR Ca(2+) handling and the Ca(2+) transient. This negative inotropic effect was ameliorated by alfentanil, but this response may not be mediated via opioid receptors. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Killer cell immunoglobulin receptor play an important role in cord blood transplantation for leukemia ]?
### Response:
| KIR plays an important role in CBT. KIR/HLA-C mismatch, homo-expression of HLA-Cw1 or Cw2, and co-expression of KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS2 may predict good prognosis for CBT. |
### Instruction:
Does a novel inhibitor of inflammatory cytokine production ( CNI-1493 ) reduce rodent post-hemorrhagic vasospasm?
### Response:
| These findings support the conclusion that inflammatory cytokines, in particular IL-6, play an important role in development of vasospasm in the rat femoral artery model. Furthermore, these results suggest that the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines may be an appropriate strategy for the treatment of vasospasm after SAH. |
### Instruction:
Does [ New compound heterozygous mutation cause partial combined 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency ]?
### Response:
| More study should be done to have better understanding of the function of the mutated P450C17 enzymes. |
### Instruction:
Does granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) restore decreased monocyte HLA-DR expression after cardiopulmonary bypass?
### Response:
| Immune system suppression after cardiac surgery is reflected in prolonged diminished HLA-DR expression on monocytes and B-lymphocytes. Suppression is not irreversible but can - at least IN VITRO - be overridden by the immunostimulating compound GM-CSF. |
### Instruction:
Is impaired natural killer cell lysis in breast cancer patients with high levels of psychological stress associated with altered expression of killer immunoglobin-like receptors?
### Response:
| In this study of a small subset of breast cancer patients chosen from a previous clinical trial of psychosocial intervention for breast cancer, impaired NK lysis in breast cancer patients with high levels of psychological stress was associated with alterations in surface expression of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors. However, immune effectors retained the ability to lyse antibody-coated targets and to initiate lymphokine-activated killer activity, irrespective of stress levels or baseline NK(50). |
### Instruction:
Is [ X-chromosomal inactivation skewing in blood cells associated with early development of lung ]?
### Response:
| SXCI in blood cells is associated with early development of lung cancer in females. |
### Instruction:
Is hypermethylation of the CpG islands in the promoter region flanking GSTP1 gene a potential plasma DNA biomarker for detecting prostate carcinoma?
### Response:
| We have successfully identified prostate cancer genome hypermethylation in the peripheral circulation in prostate cancer patients with this protocol. This method can effectively distinguish BPH from prostate neoplasm. Although a larger number of samples are necessary to validate the capability of the protocol in practice, using plasma DNA sample is an ideal non-invasive approach for prostate neoplasm detection. |
### Instruction:
Does nitric oxide fail to confer endogenous antiarrhythmic cardioprotection in the primate heart in vitro?
### Response:
| A species difference exists in the effectiveness of endogenous NO to protect hearts against reperfusion-induced VF. The present primate data, which presumably take precedence over rat and rabbit data, cast doubt on the clinical relevance of NO as an endogenous, antiarrhythmic, cardioprotectant. |
### Instruction:
Does multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification detect DCX gene deletions in band heterotopia?
### Response:
| MLPA uncovers large genomic deletions of the DCX gene in a subset of patients with SBH in whom no mutations are found after gene sequencing. Deletions of DCX are an underascertained cause of SBH. |
### Instruction:
Does hyperleptinaemia and chronic inflammation after peritonitis predict poor nutritional status and mortality in patients on peritoneal dialysis?
### Response:
| Our study confirmed an increase in serum leptin during acute peritonitis and a prolonged course of systemic inflammation after apparent clinical remission of peritonitis. These factors related to the persistent chronic inflammation may contribute to the development of malnourishment and poor survival rate. |
### Instruction:
Does lower red blood cell folate enhance the HPV-16-associated risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia?
### Response:
| To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting an independent association of folate with risk of having CIN > or =2 in a population tested extensively for HR-HPV and CIN that also adequately controlled for several other micronutrients and known risk factors for CIN. Our findings suggest that improving the folate status in HR-HPV-infected women may reduce the risk of CIN and thus the risk of cervical cancer. Folate supplementation should be tested as a means of reducing the risk of developing CIN > or =2 in women exposed to HR-HPV, especially HPV-16. |
### Instruction:
Is severe reflux disease associated with an enlarged unbuffered proximal gastric acid pocket?
### Response:
| This enlarged region of unbuffered postprandial acidic juice observed in the patients just below the gastro-oesophageal junction may contribute to the aetiology of severe reflux disease. |
### Instruction:
Does chimeric DNA-RNA hammerhead ribozyme targeting transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA ameliorate renal injury in hypertensive rats?
### Response:
| These results suggest that chimeric DNA-RNA ribozyme to TGF-beta1 may be useful as a gene therapy for progressive tissue injury in a wide variety of renal diseases, including hypertensive nephrosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Does perindopril-based blood pressure-lowering therapy reduce amino-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in individuals with cerebrovascular disease?
### Response:
| We conclude that plasma NT-proBNP level, in addition to predicting cardiovascular risk, may provide a measure of risk reduction by blood pressure-lowering therapy. |
### Instruction:
Do technical modifications in endoscopic vein harvest techniques facilitate their use in lower extremity limb salvage procedures?
### Response:
| Technical modifications in endoscopic saphenous vein harvest techniques facilitate their use in lower extremity limb salvage procedures. Vascular surgeons should become familiar with these techniques to minimize vein harvest wound complications and extend the options for limb salvage conduits, including use of both the ipsilateral and contralateral saphenous vein and the short saphenous vein. Meticulous hemostasis within the tunnel after endoscopic conduit harvest and avoidance of postoperative anticoagulation should help to prevent postoperative hematoma formation and early graft occlusion. |
### Instruction:
Do interleukin 18 gene polymorphisms predict risk and outcome of Alzheimer 's disease?
### Response:
| As IL-18 cytokine promoter gene polymorphisms have been previously described to have functional consequences on IL-18 expression, it is possible that individuals with a prevalent IL-18 gene variant have a dysregulated immune response, suggesting that IL-18 mediated immune mechanisms may play a crucial role in AD. |
### Instruction:
Does cholinesterase inhibitor use significantly influence the ability of 123I-FP-CIT imaging to distinguish Alzheimer 's disease from dementia with Lewy bodies?
### Response:
| Use of ChEi does not significantly influence the ability of 123I-FP-CIT imaging to distinguish AD from DLB. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Cryotherapy combine with pingyangmycin for the treatment of venous malformations ]?
### Response:
| The method of cryotherapy combine with pingyangmycin injection to treat venous malformations has good effect. |
### Instruction:
Does a temporary intraurethral prostatic stent relieve prostatic obstruction following transurethral microwave thermotherapy?
### Response:
| The Spanner is a safe, effective and well tolerated temporary stent for severe prostatic obstruction resulting from therapy induced edema after transurethral microwave thermotherapy. It may be a needed addition to the armamentarium for managing bladder outlet obstruction in a broad group of urological patients. |
### Instruction:
Are serum anti-mullerian hormone concentrations altered by acute administration of follicle stimulating hormone in polycystic ovary syndrome and normal women?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that in PCOS and normal women, acute exposure to FSH does not appear to exert an effect on AMH production. |
### Instruction:
Are lipoprotein ( a ) and LDL particle size related to the severity of coronary artery disease?
### Response:
| The positive correlation of the level of Lp(a) and sd-LDL fraction were demonstrated. The mechanism of this association is not clearly defined; we can suggest that it may stem from the individual atherogenic condition that linked to increased oxidative stress. Both increased Lp(a) and sd-LDL fraction were correlated with the severity of CAD. |
### Instruction:
Does the role of amiodarone in recent-onset atrial fibrillation after ibutilide have failed to restore sinus rhythm?
### Response:
| The administration of amiodarone in the case of ibutilide failure may be a useful adjunct to current cardioversion protocols for recent onset atrial fibrillation. |
### Instruction:
Is elevated C-reactive protein in acute coronary syndrome presentation an independent predictor of long-term mortality and heart failure?
### Response:
| Patients presenting early with chest pain with elevated CRP concentrations have a greater long-term risk for death and heart failure. |
### Instruction:
Does intermittent hypoxia cause insulin resistance in lean mice independent of autonomic activity?
### Response:
| We conclude that IH can cause acute insulin resistance in otherwise lean, healthy animals, and that the response is associated with decreased glucose utilization of oxidative muscle fibers, but that it occurs independently of activation of the ANS. |
### Instruction:
Do remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness but not cellular inflammation persist after allergen challenge in asthma?
### Response:
| In dual responders with asthma, the 24-hour increase in airway wall cellular inflammation after allergen challenge resolves by 7 days, whereas the increases in AHR and markers of remodeling persist. |
### Instruction:
Is calcification of human articular knee cartilage primarily an effect of aging rather than osteoarthritis?
### Response:
| These observations indicate that age rather than OA is the predominant factor driving progressive pathologic calcification in articular cartilage. |
### Instruction:
Do single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) distinguish Indian-origin and Chinese-origin rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta )?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that the 3' end of genes is rich in sequence polymorphisms and is suitable for the efficient discovery of gene-linked SNPs. In addition, the results show that the genomic sequences of Indian and Chinese rhesus macaque are remarkably divergent, and include numerous population-specific SNPs. These ancestral SNPs could be used for the rapid scanning of rhesus macaques, both to establish animal ancestry and to identify gene alleles that may contribute to the phenotypic differences observed in these populations. |
### Instruction:
Do jEG-3 cell culture supernatants cause reduced interferon-gamma and interleukin-17 production in mixed-lymphocyte reactions?
### Response:
| IFN-gamma and IL-17 are mainly produced by activated T cells but IL-1beta is primarily produced by monocytes, thus suggesting that immunoregulatory factors of JEG-3 cells selectively inhibit cytokine production by activated T cells rather than that of the monocytes. |
### Instruction:
Is hemodynamic steroid responsiveness predictive of neurological outcome after traumatic brain injury?
### Response:
| Adrenal insufficiency is frequent after TBI, and hydrocortisone replacement therapy seems to be associated with a favorable neurologic outcome. |
### Instruction:
Does donor dopamine pretreatment inhibit tubulitis in renal allografts subjected to prolonged cold preservation?
### Response:
| Our data indicate that donor DA treatment significantly inhibits tubulitis in renal allografts subjected to prolonged cold preservation. A reduced number of infiltrating MHC class II+ and CD3+ cells together with decreased cytokine expression could diminish renal scarring, reduce allograft immunogenicity, and hence improve transplantation outcome. |
### Instruction:
Does long-term pharmacological activation of PPARgamma prevent left ventricular remodeling in dogs with advanced heart failure?
### Response:
| Long-term PPARgamma activation with GW did not prevent progressive LV remodeling in dogs with advanced heart failure. |
### Instruction:
Do alcohol cues increase cognitive impulsivity in individuals with alcoholism?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that alcoholics exhibit a basic prepotent response inhibition deficit, which is enhanced when the response to be suppressed is related to alcohol. We discuss clinical and theoretical implications of these findings. |
### Instruction:
Does cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphism influence the preventive effect of lansoprazole on the recurrence of erosive reflux esophagitis?
### Response:
| The efficacy of LPZ (15 mg/day) as maintenance therapy for erosive RE is influenced by CYP2C19 polymorphism. |
### Instruction:
Is gABRA6 genetic polymorphism associated with the risk of functional heartburn in Chinese?
### Response:
| Chinese patients with certain psychiatric characteristics and GABRA6 heterozygosity are probably predisposed to functional heartburn, providing insight into this condition's psychopathology and genetics. |
### Instruction:
Are alterations of glutathione S-transferase and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expressions early events in esophageal carcinogenesis?
### Response:
| Decreased GST and increased expression of MMP-9 in Barrett's metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence as compared to normal tissue suggest their association with esophageal tumorigenesis. Loss of GST and gain of MMP-9 in Barrett with dysplasia compared to non-dysplastic metaplasia indicate that these alterations may be early events in carcinogenesis. Quantification of these parameters in Barrett's esophagus might be useful to identify patients at higher risk for progression to cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does american Brachytherapy Society recommend no change for prostate permanent implant dose prescriptions using iodine-125 or palladium-103?
### Response:
| Radiation oncologists should continue to prescribe monotherapy doses of 145 Gy and 125 Gy for 125I and 103Pd, respectively, and standard boost doses of 100-110 Gy and 90-100 Gy for 125I and 103Pd, respectively. |
### Instruction:
Do trajectories of adolescent alcohol and cannabis use into young adulthood?
### Response:
| Heavier teenage cannabis users tend to continue selectively with cannabis use. Considering their poor young adult outcomes, regular adolescent cannabis users appear to be on a problematic trajectory. |
### Instruction:
Is in-room display of day and time patient anticipated to leave hospital : a `` discharge appointment ''?
### Response:
| With a program for in-room display of a DA in various hospital units, more than half the patients had a DA set, and most of the DA patients departed on time. Further investigation is needed to determine the effect of DAs on patient and provider satisfaction. |
### Instruction:
Are serum adiponectin levels , insulin resistance , and lipid profile in children born small for gestational age affected by the severity of growth retardation at birth?
### Response:
| SGA children, although more insulin resistant, had similar or higher adiponectin levels than matched AGA children in pre-puberty. The severity of IUGR appears to affect their metabolic profile during childhood. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Suicidal cancer vaccine enhance anti-tumor immunotherapeutic effect and its safety in the treatment of ovarian cancer ]?
### Response:
| Our data indicate that suicidal cancer vaccine is an effective and safe therapy for ovarian carcinoma and may serve as a broadly applicable approach for other cancer vaccines in the future. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Ad hTRP2 - mediated immunity against melanoma enhanced by dendritic cells pulsed with peptide ]?
### Response:
| Boosting with DC/ SVYDFFVWL can significantly enhance the immunity against melanomas elicited by priming with Ad hTRP2, indicating that first priming with Ad hTRP2 and then boosting with DC/SVYDFFVWL is a potentially effective regimen for overcoming the disadvantage that anti-tumor immune response can not be significantly increased by readministration of adenovirus. |
### Instruction:
Does r-Etodolac decrease beta-catenin levels along with survival and proliferation of hepatoma cells?
### Response:
| The antitumor effects of Celecoxib (at high concentrations) and R-Etodolac (at physiological doses) on HCC cells were accompanied by the down-regulation of beta-catenin demonstrating a useful therapeutic strategy in hepatocellular cancer. |
### Instruction:
Do comparison of serum folate species analyzed by LC-MS/MS with total folate measured by microbiologic assay and Bio-Rad radioassay?
### Response:
| The good correspondence between the sum of folate species determined by LC-MS/MS and TFOL determined by MA makes these 2 assays interchangeable. The BR produces much lower results, on average, probably because of 5CH(3)THF underrecovery. The conversion equations provided could be used for future NHANES time trend analyses. |
### Instruction:
Are two-dimensional tracking and TDI consistent methods for evaluating myocardial longitudinal peak strain in left and right ventricle basal segments in athletes?
### Response:
| Provided that echographic imaging is good, strain can be computed in athletes by both Doppler-derived and tracking methods. It is technically feasible to use both -interchangeably, at least in basal segments. |
### Instruction:
Is apoE-epsilon4 associated with reduced memory in long-standing intractable temporal lobe epilepsy?
### Response:
| The ApoE-epsilon4 allele interacts with longstanding seizures to affect memory performance, both verbal and nonverbal, in patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. |
### Instruction:
Does intestinal intraluminal injection of glutamine increase trolox total equivalent antioxidant capacity ( TEAC ) in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion?
### Response:
| Glutamine enhanced serum antioxidant capacity. The assay technique consistently reflected the changes in the antioxidant defenses in this experimental model. |
### Instruction:
Does c-reactive protein cause downregulation of vascular angiotensin subtype 2 receptors and systolic hypertension in mice?
### Response:
| These findings provide direct evidence for CRP-induced hypertension, and they further identify a novel underlying mechanism involving downregulation of AT2 related to NO deficiency. |
### Instruction:
Does preceptorship rurality affect medical students ' shelf exam scores?
### Response:
| Students assigned to preceptorships in rural locations scored at the same levels as students in urban preceptorships. The finding that there were no differences in medical students' exam scores based on the rurality of their family medicine preceptorship site indicates a substantial degree of educational equivalency between urban and rural preceptorships. |
### Instruction:
Does ciclosporin reduce paracellin-1 expression and magnesium transport in thick ascending limb cells?
### Response:
| These results suggested that reduced PCLN-1 expression and paracellular Mg2+ transport might play a role in the renal Mg2+ wasting in the CsA tubular effect. |
### Instruction:
Does statin pre-treatment protect brain against focal cerebral ischemia in diabetic mice?
### Response:
| These data suggest that diabetes aggravates the ischemic damage after focal cerebral ischemia and statin pre-treatment protects the brain in diabetic as well as healthy animals. Statin treatment may favorably affect stroke outcome in diabetic patients in addition to decreasing stroke incidence. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 protect against tissue injury in carbon tetrachloride exposed livers?
### Response:
| Taken together, inhibition of HO-1 in CCl(4)-hepatotoxicity protected the liver, while higher HO-1 activity harmed liver tissue, most probably due to interference of the HO-1 pathway with CCl(4)-dependent metabolism via cytochrome P450 and heme overload-associated toxicity. |
### Instruction:
Is vEGF important for early liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy?
### Response:
| VEGF plays an important role in liver regeneration and this may be due in part through its effects on neovascularization. Whether it may, when given therapeutically, represent a strategy to optimize liver regeneration in problematic patients needs to be clarified. |
### Instruction:
Does low-dose phosphodiesterase inhibition improve responsiveness to inhaled nitric oxide in isolated lungs from endotoxemic rats?
### Response:
| Subthreshold doses of PDE5 inhibitors improved responsiveness to inhaled NO. Combining inhaled NO with subthreshold doses of PDE5 inhibitors may offer a therapeutic strategy with minimal side-effects in ALI associated with pulmonary hypertension. |
### Instruction:
Is pre-hypertension a common phenomenon : national database study?
### Response:
| BP levels among young people are low, even though the prevalence of pre-hypertension in this population may be high. Thus, more emphasis should be given to routine BP measurements and confirmation of the findings in all age groups. |
### Instruction:
Does ebselen prevent chronic alcohol-induced rat hippocampal stress and functional impairment?
### Response:
| The results herein strongly suggest that oxidative mechanisms may underlie the hippocampal effects of ethanol in adult rats, in view of the protective effect of ebselen. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Analysis of correlation factors affecting the incidence of burn shock ]?
### Response:
| For the children and aged people, special attention should be paid in the prevention and resuscitation of burn shock. Early fluid resuscitation is vital for the prevention of organ complication, and it is beneficial to promote wound healing. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Evaluation of effectiveness and safety of a new hydroxyethyl starch used in resuscitation of burn shock ]?
### Response:
| New type of HES can partially substitute plasma and be used in fluid resuscitation for burn patients. However, plasma protein replenishment should still be emphasized. |
### Instruction:
Does myocardial pre-synaptic sympathetic function correlate with glucose uptake in the failing human heart?
### Response:
| The results of this study provide novel evidence of a correlation between cardiac sympathetic function and insulin sensitivity, which may represent one of the mechanisms contributing to insulin resistance in failing human hearts. |
### Instruction:
Does postural instability necessarily correlate to poor performance : case in point?
### Response:
| This case study indicated that poor joint kinematics or postural stability does not necessarily correlate to poor performance. Instead, they may indicate positive compensatory or strategic movements. |
### Instruction:
Does the use of porous beta-tricalcium phosphate block with platelet-rich plasma as an onlay bone graft biomaterial?
### Response:
| Porous beta-TCP block is a promising biomaterial for clinical situations requiring bone augmentation; however, the addition of PRP did not induce significantly more new bone formation. |
### Instruction:
Is extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 involved in ascorbic acid-induced osteoblastic differentiation in periodontal ligament cells?
### Response:
| These results indicate that ERK1/2 is involved in ascorbic acid-induced osteoblastic differentiation during PDL cell attachment to type I collagen. |
### Instruction:
Does vitamin K deficiency from long-term warfarin anticoagulation alter skeletal status in male rhesus monkeys?
### Response:
| In male rhesus monkeys, long-term W anticoagulation does not alter serum markers of bone turnover or BMD. Long-term W therapy does not have adverse skeletal consequences in primates with high intakes of calcium and vitamin D. |
### Instruction:
Is respiratory syncytial virus infection in Fischer 344 rats attenuated by short interfering RNA against the RSV-NS1 gene?
### Response:
| The use of siNS1 prophylaxis may be an effective method for preventing RSV bronchiolitis and potentially reducing the later development of asthma associated with severe respiratory infections. |
### Instruction:
Does pretreatment with adenosine and adenosine A1 receptor agonist protect against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat?
### Response:
| The data suggest that adenosine and A1 receptor stimulation attenuate ischemic intestinal injury via decreasing oxidative stress, lowering neutrophil infiltration, and increasing reduced glutathione content. |
### Instruction:
Does loss of Parp-1 affect gene expression profile in a genome-wide manner in ES cells and liver cells?
### Response:
| These results suggest that Parp-1 is required to maintain transcriptional regulation of a wide variety of genes on a genome-wide scale. The gene expression profiles in Parp-1-deficient cells may be useful to delineate the functional role of Parp-1 in epigenetic regulation of the genomes involved in various biological phenomena. |
### Instruction:
Does elimination of laboratory ozone lead to a dramatic improvement in the reproducibility of microarray gene expression measurements?
### Response:
| Simple installation of carbon filters in the laboratory air handling system resulted in low and consistent ozone levels. This allowed the accurate determination of gene expression by microarray using Cy5 and Cy3 fluorescent dyes. |
### Instruction:
Are association between vision loss and higher medical care costs in Medicare beneficiaries costs greater for those with progressive vision loss?
### Response:
| Medicare beneficiaries with coded diagnoses of vision loss incur significantly higher costs than those with normal vision, and approximately 90% of these costs are non-eye related medical costs. Extrapolating to the entire Medicare population, blindness and vision loss are associated with $2.14 billion in 2003 non-eye related medical costs. Preventing vision loss is not only a medical imperative but also an economic one. |
### Instruction:
Is cataract surgery associated with a higher rate of photodynamic therapy for age-related macular degeneration?
### Response:
| We identified an increased rate of PDT, presumably for subfoveal AMD, 1 to 1.5 years after cataract surgery. |
### Instruction:
Does spontaneous bacterial peritonitis result in oxidative and nitrosative stress in ascitic fluid?
### Response:
| This study demonstrated the presence of oxidative stress in ascitic fluid from patients with SBP, and showed that ascitic fluid nitrate may be a marker for diagnosing SBP and a useful index in determining therapeutic response to antibiotic treatment. |
### Instruction:
Are maternal hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) DNA positivity and sexual intercourse associated with HBV intrauterine transmission in China : a prospective case-control study?
### Response:
| The risk of HBV intrauterine transmission increased with increased frequency of sexual intercourse. Therefore, it is concluded that maternal HBV DNA positivity and sexual intercourse in the second trimester are independent risk factors for HBV intrauterine transmission. |
### Instruction:
Does mild zinc deficiency and dietary phytic acid accelerate the development of fulminant hepatitis in LEC rats?
### Response:
| Mild zinc deficiencies caused by a low zinc or phytate-containing diet accelerate the onset of hepatitis in LEC rats without increasing copper absorption, and zinc and iron metabolism may be involved in the earlier onset of jaundice of LEC rats. |
### Instruction:
Do different components of opioid-substitution treatment predict outcomes of patients with and without a parent with substance-use problems?
### Response:
| The importance of counseling and medication components of OST may differ depending on family history. For parent history-negative patients, medication maintenance may be more therapeutically necessary. |
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