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### Instruction:
Does lentivirus vector-mediated Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor 2 induce beta-2 adrenergic receptor desensitization in β2AR desensitization mice model?
### Response:
| To sum up, our present studies found that RhoGDI2 might induce β2AR desensitization and GRK2 might take part in RhoGDI2-mediated β2AR desensitization. |
### Instruction:
Does transplantation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate pneumonitis of MRL/lpr mice?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that UC-MSCs have a therapeutic effect on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pneumonitis, possibly by inhibiting HMGB-1 expression, which suggests a potential application of UC-MSCs in the treatment of human lupus. |
### Instruction:
Do epithelial attachment and downgrowth on dental implant abutments -- a comprehensive review?
### Response:
| Based on the review of current literature, the authors recommend inserting definitive abutments at the time of surgical uncovering. To implement this concept, registration of the implant position should to be taken at the time of surgical implant placement. |
### Instruction:
Does enhanced glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper in dendritic cells induce allergen-specific regulatory CD4 ( + ) T-cells in respiratory allergies?
### Response:
| This proof of concept study shows that the re-establishment of GILZ expression in patients' DCs to normal levels restores their capacity to activate allergen-specific IL-10-Tregs . We thus highlight the up-regulation of GILZ in DCs as a new interventional approach to restore the immune tolerance to allergens. |
### Instruction:
Do bRAF-V600 mutations have no prognostic impact in stage IV melanoma patients treated with monochemotherapy?
### Response:
| No differences in prognosis were observed according to the BRAF mutational status in patients with distant metastasis treated with monochemotherapy. |
### Instruction:
Does a pepper MSRB2 gene confer drought tolerance in rice through the protection of chloroplast-targeted genes?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that CaMSRB2 might play an important functional role in chloroplasts for conferring drought stress tolerance in rice. |
### Instruction:
Is sLEEPLESS a bifunctional regulator of excitability and cholinergic synaptic transmission?
### Response:
| Together, our data point to an evolutionarily conserved, bifunctional role for SSS and its homologs in controlling excitability and synaptic transmission in fundamental processes of the nervous system such as sleep. |
### Instruction:
Does tolcapone addition improve Parkinson 's disease associated nonmotor symptoms?
### Response:
| This trial demonstrates that tolcapone addition may improve nonmotor features. |
### Instruction:
Does culturally competent transplant program improve Hispanics ' knowledge and attitudes about live kidney donation and transplant?
### Response:
| The educational sessions provided by the Hispanic Transplant Program effectively addressed commonly shared Hispanic concerns about live kidney donation. Culturally congruent education increased Hispanic patients' and family members' knowledge and improved attitudes about live donor kidney transplants. |
### Instruction:
Is chemokine ( C-C motif ) receptor 5 an important pathological regulator in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain?
### Response:
| Pharmacological blockade of CCR5 was effective in the treatment of the development and maintenance phases of neuropathic pain. Thus, CCR5 antagonists may be potential new drugs for the treatment of neuropathic pain. |
### Instruction:
Does disruption of hippocampal neuregulin 1-ErbB4 signaling contribute to the hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment induced by isoflurane in aged mice?
### Response:
| Disruption of NRG1-ErbB4 signaling in the parvalbumin-positive interneurons might, at least partially, contribute to the isoflurane-induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment after exposure to isoflurane carried by 100% O2 in aged mice. |
### Instruction:
Appear oral terbinafine and itraconazole treatments against dermatophytes to favor the establishment of Fusarium spp . in nail?
### Response:
| Oral terbinafine and itraconazole treatments do not appear to favor the establishment of Fusarium spp. in onychomycosis. |
### Instruction:
Is genetic interaction of PICALM and APOE associated with brain atrophy and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer 's disease?
### Response:
| The data suggest a neural mechanism for APOE-PICALM interactions in patients with manifest AD and indicate that the PICALM genotype modulates both brain atrophy and cognitive performance in APOE ε4 carriers. |
### Instruction:
Do cytomegalovirus-specific responses of CD38⁺ memory T cells are skewed towards IFN-γ and dissociated from CD154 in HIV-1 infection?
### Response:
| Patients' CD38⁺ memory CD4⁺T-cell responses to CMV favor the effector cytokine IFN-γ over IL-2, in the context of deficient CD154 induction, which may limit co-stimulation, proliferation and survival. |
### Instruction:
Does long noncoding RNA MALAT1 regulate endothelial cell function and vessel growth?
### Response:
| Silencing of MALAT1 tips the balance from a proliferative to a migratory endothelial cell phenotype in vitro, and its genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition reduces vascular growth in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Is the collagen cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase associated with the healing of human atherosclerotic lesions?
### Response:
| Lysyl oxidase may contribute to the healing of atherosclerotic lesions and to the prevention of its lethal complications. Mediators of inflammation may control LOX expression in plaques and hence plaque stability. |
### Instruction:
Is mechanical alternans associated with mortality in acute hospitalized heart failure : prospective mechanical alternans study ( MAS )?
### Response:
| MA is independently associated with outcomes in AHHF. |
### Instruction:
Does lipoic acid decrease peritoneal adhesion formation in a rat uterine scar model?
### Response:
| Lipoic acid was found to be effective in reducing postoperative adhesion formation in a rat model. |
### Instruction:
Do cancer stem cell markers correlate with early recurrence and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma?
### Response:
| Expression of CD133, CD90, and EpCAM CSC markers may be linked to HCC tumor onset and/or progression. In addition, EpCAM expression is associated with shorter survival time, while CD90 expression is associated with early HCC recurrence. |
### Instruction:
Does disc degeneration reduce the delamination strength of the annulus fibrosus in the rabbit annular disc puncture model?
### Response:
| The findings of this study suggest that degeneration increases the potential for delamination between AF layers. Given this substantial change to the integrity of the AF after degeneration, clinical treatments should not only target rehydration or regrowth of the NP, but should also target repair and strengthening of the AF to confine the NP. |
### Instruction:
Does rAGE regulate immune cell infiltration and angiogenesis in choroidal neovascularization?
### Response:
| RAGE-S100B interactions appear to play an important role in CNV lesion formation by regulating pro-inflammatory and angiogenic responses. This study highlights the role of RAGE in inflammation-mediated outer retinal pathology. |
### Instruction:
Is routine post-operative intensive care necessary for children with obstructive sleep apnea at high risk after adenotonsillectomy?
### Response:
| Our data confirm high rates of AE after AT for high risk patients, however, only 8% suffered a severe AE truly necessitating care in ICU. This outcome was very unlikely if an AE did not occur in PACU. We therefore conclude that routine post-operative ICU care for high risk children may be avoided if prolonged monitoring in the PACU is possible, with admission to ICU reserved for high-risk children with an early AE. |
### Instruction:
Does the brain-enriched microRNA miR-124 in plasma predict neurological outcome after cardiac arrest?
### Response:
| The brain-enriched miRNA miR-124 is a promising novel biomarker for prediction of neurological prognosis following cardiac arrest. |
### Instruction:
Does brain-derived neurotrophic factor promote angiogenic tube formation through generation of oxidative stress in human vascular endothelial cells?
### Response:
| The present results for the first time demonstrate that BDNF induces NOX-derived ROS generation through activation of p47 phox in a TrkB receptor-dependent manner, which leads to the promotion of angiogenic tube formation possibly via Akt activation. |
### Instruction:
Is motility response to colonic distention increased in postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome ( PI-IBS )?
### Response:
| Patients with PI-IBS have greater colonic hypercontractility than NI-IBS. We speculate that sustained mild mucosal inflammation may cause this colonic irritability. |
### Instruction:
Does granisetron transdermal system improve refractory nausea and vomiting in gastroparesis?
### Response:
| GTP was moderately effective in reducing refractory symptoms of nausea and/or vomiting from gastroparesis in 50% of patients. Mild side effects were reported by 25% of patients. GTP may be an effective treatment for nausea and vomiting in gastroparesis, and further study is warranted. |
### Instruction:
Does activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor glycine site temporally ameliorate neuropsychiatric symptoms of Parkinson 's disease with dementia?
### Response:
| Sarcosine temporally improved depression and neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD-D patients without exacerbating the motor or cognitive features; the beneficial effects were more prominent in patients with mild-moderate severity. Enhancement of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-glycine cascade may lead to a novel path for the management of PD-D. |
### Instruction:
Is insulin-like growth factor-1 a mediator of age-related decline of bone health status in men?
### Response:
| Serum IGF-1 is a partial mediator in the age-related decline of bone health in men as determined by calcaneal ultrasound. A prospective study should be performed to validate this relationship. |
### Instruction:
Does increased paired box transcription factor 8 have a survival function in glioma?
### Response:
| PAX8 is increased in the majority of glioblastomas and promoted cell survival. Because PAX8 is absent in normal brain tissue, it may be a promising therapeutic target pathway for treating aggressive gliomas. |
### Instruction:
Do urban settings ensure access to services : findings from the immunisation programme in Kampala Uganda?
### Response:
| Complex health system barriers to childhood immunisation still exist in this urban setting; emphasizing that even in urban areas with great physical access, there are hard to reach people. As the rate of urbanization increases especially in sub-Saharan Africa, governments should strengthen health systems to cater for increasing urban populations. |
### Instruction:
Do the prevalence of coronary sinus and left circumflex artery overlap in relation to the mitral valve?
### Response:
| The prevalence of circumflex overlap between the coronary sinus and mitral valve was common across the sample size. The large variability in anatomy confirms the value of imaging individual patient cardiac anatomy prior to performing indirect percutaneous mitral valve annuloplasty to avoid impairment to the circumflex artery. This novel database can be utilized in the development of additional cardiac therapies that require access to the coronary sinus, such as therapeutic ablations. |
### Instruction:
Do microembolic signals predict cerebral ischaemic events in patients with moyamoya disease?
### Response:
| In patients with moyamoya disease, the presence of MESs is associated with recent ischaemic symptoms and independently predicts cerebral ischaemic events. MES detection may be of potential clinical value in the management of patients with moyamoya disease. |
### Instruction:
Does peer and community influence on the acceptance of premarital sex among Vietnamese adolescents?
### Response:
| The association of permissive attitudes with community norms and certain socio-demographic variables in conjunction with overarching economic development and urbanisation suggests that premarital sex will likely become increasingly common among Vietnamese adolescents. These trends should be further assessed as adolescent sexual activity becomes more common and adolescent friendly health services should be developed to provide appropriate and acceptable sexual and reproductive health care to young people. |
### Instruction:
Is management of systolic blood pressure after endoscopic submucosal dissection crucial for prevention of post-ESD gastric bleeding?
### Response:
| Control of SBP after ESD is important for the prevention of post-ESD bleeding because hypertension as a comorbidity, which is associated positively with SBP after ESD, is a significant risk factor for post-ESD bleeding. |
### Instruction:
Does transfusion of older stored blood worsen outcomes in canines depending on the presence and severity of pneumonia?
### Response:
| The augmented in vivo hemolysis of transfused older red blood cells (RBCs) appears to result in excess plasma CFH and iron release, which requires the presence of established infection to worsen outcome. These data suggest that transfused older RBCs increase the risks from infection in septic subjects. |
### Instruction:
Does intraperitoneal administration of fetuin-A attenuate D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced liver failure in mouse?
### Response:
| An intraperitoneal injection of fetuin-A attenuates D-GalN/LPS-induced FHF in mice. Fetuin-A might be a protective agent of liver damage partly through inhibiting liver inflammatory response and hepatocyte apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Do initial injury severity and social factors determine ability to deploy after combat-related amputation?
### Response:
| The vast majority of amputees do not able to deploy after undergoing amputation. The main predictors of deploying after sustaining a combat-related amputation appear to be: sustaining a transtibial amputation, being of senior rank or age and being a member of the Special Forces. Many of these factors appear to be non-treatment related and highlight the importance that individual and social factors play in the recovery of severe injuries. |
### Instruction:
Does tLR4 contribute to the host response to Klebsiella intraocular infection?
### Response:
| These studies suggest that TLR4 is important in the early intraocular recognition and host response to K. pneumoniae. However, the role of MagA in TLR4-mediated intraocular recognition and subsequent inflammation is less clear. |
### Instruction:
Do type-1 interferons contribute to oxygen glucose deprivation induced neuro-inflammation in BE ( 2 ) M17 human neuroblastoma cells?
### Response:
| This study confirms a role for type-1 IFN signalling in the neuro-inflammatory response following OGD in vitro and suggests its modulation through therapeutic blockade of IFNAR1 may be beneficial in reducing hypoxia-induced neuro-inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Is tERT promoter mutation uncommon in acral lentiginous melanoma?
### Response:
| The rarity of TERT promoter mutation in the acral lentiginous melanoma was consistent with the supposed role of UV light in the melanoma pathogenesis and also corroborated the view that acral lentiginous melanomas have a different pathogenesis with the melanomas from sun-exposed sites. |
### Instruction:
Is cD44 variant 6 associated with prostate cancer metastasis and chemo-/radioresistance?
### Response:
| Our findings demonstrate that CD44v6 is an important cancer stem cell-like marker associated with CaP proliferation, invasion, adhesion, metastasis, chemo-/radioresistance, and the induction of EMT as well as the activation PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Wnt signaling pathways, suggesting that CD44v6 is a novel therapeutic target to sensitize CaP cells to chemo/radiotherapy. |
### Instruction:
Does exogenous hydrogen sulfide ( H2S ) protect alveolar growth in experimental O2-induced neonatal lung injury?
### Response:
| H2S protects from impaired alveolar growth and PHT in experimental O2-induced lung injury. H2S warrants further investigation as a new therapeutic target for alveolar damage and PHT. |
### Instruction:
Does chlorogenic acid inhibit human platelet activation and thrombus formation?
### Response:
| Antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of chlorogenic acid are associated with the A2A receptor/adenylate cyclase/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. |
### Instruction:
Does human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positivity predict locoregional recurrence in patients with T1-T2 breast cancer?
### Response:
| Patients with hormone receptor-negative or human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive T1-T2 breast cancer seem to have a greater risk of disease recurrence. |
### Instruction:
Do tAp63 suppress metastasis via miR-133b in colon cancer cells?
### Response:
| TAp63 and microRNA-133b were able to suppress the metastasis of colon cancer. Both TAp63 and microRNA-133b may be potential biomarkers for diagnosis in colon cancer metastasis and may provide unique therapeutic targets for this common malignancy. |
### Instruction:
Is tumoral CD105 a novel independent prognostic marker for prognosis in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| We have shown for the first time that tumoral CD105 is an independent predictive marker for death risk and unfavourable prognosis in patients with ccRCC after curative resection. |
### Instruction:
Is a new measurement method in Graf technique : prediction of future acetabular development possible in physiologically immature hips?
### Response:
| The amount of cartilage mass covering the femoral head, which is a part of the acetabular roof, can therefore provide information about future acetabular development. This paper describes a new method of measurement (the γ-angle) that assesses the extent of the cartilage coverage of the femoral head, which can predict acetabular development. Its use would decrease the rates of unnecessary follow-up and treatment. |
### Instruction:
Is skin irritability to sodium lauryl sulfate associated with increased positive patch test reactions?
### Response:
| The marked association between SLS reactivity and the number of positive reactions in patch test patients may be due to nonspecific increased skin reactivity at the moment of patch testing only. However, increased SLS reactivity could also be due to longer-lasting enhanced skin irritability, which may have promoted (poly-)sensitization. Further studies, for example with longitudinal data on patients repeatedly patch tested with SLS and contact allergens, are necessary. |
### Instruction:
Is dual antiplatelet therapy plus postoperative heparin and dextran safe and effective for reducing risk of embolic stroke during aneurysm coiling?
### Response:
| This study provides evidence that the regimen described here is safe and reduces thromboembolic complications during elective aneurysm coiling. Ours is likely the most aggressive regimen in the published literature and significantly reduced the rate of thromboembolism without any significant increase hemorrhagic complications. |
### Instruction:
Does weekend compared with weekday presentation affect outcomes of patients presenting with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome?
### Response:
| In a large unselected population of NSTEACS patients, weekend admission was associated with modest delays (4.8 h) in time to catheterization, but not with increased 30-day or 1-year mortality. |
### Instruction:
Is p-cresyl sulfate a valuable predictor of clinical outcomes in pre-ESRD patients?
### Response:
| Our study shows serum PCS could be a valuable marker in predicting cardiovascular event and renal function progression in CKD patients without dialysis. |
### Instruction:
Does surgical time of day affect outcome following hip fracture fixation?
### Response:
| Surgical time of day did not affect 30-day mortality or total number of complications. Age, ASA score, and CCI were associated with adverse outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Does microRNA-223 enhance radiation sensitivity of U87MG cells in vitro and in vivo by targeting ataxia telangiectasia mutated?
### Response:
| miR-223 overexpression downregulates ATM expression and sensitizes U87 cells to radiation in vitro and in vivo. MicroRNA-223 may be a novel cancer-targeting therapy, although its cancer- and patient-specific roles are currently undefined. |
### Instruction:
Does tetanus toxin preserve skeletal muscle contractile force and size during limb immobilization?
### Response:
| Tetanus toxin prevented common signs of muscle atrophy and may become a useful adjunct to current rehabilitation strategies. |
### Instruction:
Do smad3-deficient mice have reduced esophageal fibrosis and angiogenesis in a model of egg-induced eosinophilic esophagitis?
### Response:
| In a mouse model of egg-induced EoE, Smad3-deficient mice have significantly less esophageal remodeling, especially fibrosis and angiogenesis that is associated with reduced expression of VEGF. Targeting the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway may be a novel strategy to reduce esophageal fibrosis and its associated complications such as esophageal strictures in EoE. |
### Instruction:
Does nADPH oxidase inhibition improve neurological outcome in experimental traumatic brain injury?
### Response:
| Pre-treatment with apocynin effectively attenuates markers of cerebral oxidative stress after TBI, thus supporting the hypothesis that apocynin is a potential neuroprotectant and adjunct therapy for TBI patients. |
### Instruction:
Does bruton tyrosine kinase mediate TLR9-dependent human dendritic cell activation?
### Response:
| Analysis of these data suggests that BTK regulates human DC responses upon TLR9 engagement in terms of activation, cytokine production, and STAT1/3 upregulation. These findings may be of important significance for better understanding and managing different clinical conditions, such as agammaglobulinemia and lymphoid malignancies. |
### Instruction:
Do children with asthma by school age display aberrant immune responses to pathogenic airway bacteria as infants?
### Response:
| Children with asthma by school age exhibited an aberrant immune response to pathogenic bacteria in infancy. We propose that an abnormal immune response to pathogenic bacteria colonizing the airways in early life might lead to chronic airway inflammation and childhood asthma. |
### Instruction:
Is the metabolically healthy but obese phenotype associated with lower plasma levels of persistent organic pollutants as compared to the metabolically abnormal obese phenotype?
### Response:
| Our study demonstrates that the metabolically healthy and abnormal phenotypes have distinct plasma POP profiles. |
### Instruction:
Does the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 ( NOD1 ) polymorphism S7N affect receptor function?
### Response:
| The NOD1 polymorphism S7N does not interfere with receptor function in response to ligand stimulation. |
### Instruction:
Is hCV genotype 3 associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer in a national sample of U.S. Veterans with HCV?
### Response:
| HCV genotype 3 is associated with a significantly increased risk of developing cirrhosis and HCC compared to HCV genotype 1. This association is independent of patients' age, diabetes, body mass index, or antiviral treatment. |
### Instruction:
Is lower extremity autologous vein bypass for critical limb ischemia adversely affected by prior endovascular procedure?
### Response:
| Overall operative mortality, patency rates, and limb salvage for autologous vein LEB in CLI patients continue to be excellent in the endovascular era and are not necessarily affected by a prior ipsilateral endovascular procedure. Long-term survival remains poor in CLI patients requiring LEB. |
### Instruction:
Are cytokine polymorphisms associated with poor sleep maintenance in adults living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome?
### Response:
| This study strengthens the evidence for an association between inflammation and sleep maintenance problems. In this chronic illness population, cytokine polymorphisms associated with wake after sleep onset provide direction for intervention research aimed at comparing anti-inflammatory mechanisms with hypnotic agents for improving sleep maintenance and total sleep time. |
### Instruction:
Are death receptor ( DR4 ) haplotypes associated with increased susceptibility of gallbladder carcinoma in north Indian population?
### Response:
| The DR4 haplotype C rs20575 A rs20576 A rs6557634 represents an important factor accounting the patients susceptibility to GBC probably due to decreased apoptosis. However, additional well-designed studies with larger sample size focusing on different ethnicities are required to further validate the results. |
### Instruction:
Is vitamin D deficiency at 16 to 20 weeks ' gestation associated with impaired lung function and asthma at 6 years of age?
### Response:
| This study supports the notion that vitamin D deficiency during lung development may impact on postnatal lung growth and increase the risk of developing lung disease. |
### Instruction:
Does metformin decrease glycated albumin to glycated haemoglobin ratio in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes?
### Response:
| Metformin decreased the GA/HbA1c ratio in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. This suggests that metformin improves postprandial hyperglycaemia in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Does endothelin-1 but not angiotensin II contribute to functional aging in murine carotid arteries?
### Response:
| Aging in carotid arteries decreases ETA receptor gene expression and responsiveness to ET-1, which nevertheless becomes increasingly dependent upon NAPDH oxidase activity with age; responses to Ang II and gene expression of its receptors are however unaffected. These findings suggest that physiological aging differentially regulates functional responses to G protein-coupled receptor agonists and the signaling pathways associated with their activation. |
### Instruction:
Does peptide deformylase inhibitor actinonin reduce celastrol 's HSP70 induction while synergizing proliferation inhibition in tumor cells?
### Response:
| Concurrent use of the chemical agent actinonin could reduce celastrol's HSP70 elevation and also enhance proliferation inhibition by celastrol. This combination presents a novel alternative to siRNA technology and is worth further investigation for its potentially effective anti-tumor action. |
### Instruction:
Does addition of zoledronic acid to neoadjuvant chemotherapy enhance tumor response in patients with HER2-negative stage II/III breast cancer : the NEOZOTAC trial ( BOOG 2010-01 )?
### Response:
| Addition of ZA to neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not improve pathological or clinical response to chemotherapy. Further investigations are warranted in postmenopausal women with BC, since this subgroup might benefit from ZA treatment. |
### Instruction:
Does [ GM6001 suppress scar formation after glaucoma filtration surgery in rabbits ]?
### Response:
| GM6001 can inhibit excessive proliferation of the fibroblasts in the filtering pathway to suppress scar tissue formation and prolong the existence of the functional filtration bleb in rabbits. |
### Instruction:
Is pPARγ-induced stimulation of amiloride-sensitive sodium current in renal collecting duct principal cells serum and insulin dependent?
### Response:
| Our data show an increase in transepithelial sodium amiloride-sensitive current induced by a PPARγ agonist in presence of serum and insulin, thus confirming some in-vitro and in-vivo experiments while providing explanations for previous conflicting findings. |
### Instruction:
Does the association of telomere length with colorectal cancer differ by the age of cancer onset?
### Response:
| Younger individuals with longer telomeres or older individuals with shorter telomeres are at higher risk for CRC. These findings indicate that the association of PBL telomere length varies according to the age of cancer onset and that CRC is likely associated with at minimum two different mechanisms of telomere dynamics. |
### Instruction:
Does spouse confidence in self-efficacy for arthritis management predict improved patient health?
### Response:
| Our findings add to a growing literature that highlights the important role of spouse perceptions in patients' long-term health. |
### Instruction:
Does preoperative immunonutrition decrease postoperative complications by modulating prostaglandin E2 production and T-cell differentiation in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy?
### Response:
| Preoperative immunonutrition modulates PGE2 production and T-cell differentiation and may protect against the aggravation of operative complications in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy. |
### Instruction:
Does blockade of the programmed death-1 ( PD1 ) pathway undermine potent genetic protection from type 1 diabetes?
### Response:
| These results indicate that multiple Idd loci collaborate with PD1 signaling. Anti PDL1 treatment undermines a large portion of the genetic protection mediated by Idd genes in the NOD model of type 1 diabetes. Basal insulitis correlated with higher susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. These findings have important implications since the PD1 pathway is a target for immunotherapy. |
### Instruction:
Is liquid paraffin superior to 2 % lidocaine gel in reducing urethral pain during urodynamic study in men : A pilot study?
### Response:
| Liquid paraffin is more efficient than 2% lidocaine gel in reducing urethral pain during Urodynamic study in men. Pain scores were specifically better during the instillation of the lubricant and during the delivery of the urethral catheter. |
### Instruction:
Does fish oil supplementation increase concentration of adiponectin in healthy dogs?
### Response:
| Fish oil supplementation significantly increased circulating concentration of adiponectin in healthy non-obese dogs. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether this effect may be extended to obese dogs and to evaluate the potential role of fish oil supplementation in the management of disorders associated with low circulating adiponectin concentrations. |
### Instruction:
Is cO ( 2 ) concentration in day care centres related to wheezing in attending children?
### Response:
| Improved ventilation is needed to achieve a healthier indoor environment in DCC. |
### Instruction:
Do nBME subject examination in surgery scores correlate with surgery clerkship clinical experience?
### Response:
| Students experiencing higher clinical volumes on surgical services, but less self-study time demonstrated statistically higher academic performance on objective evaluation, suggesting clinical experience may be of higher value than self-study and reading. |
### Instruction:
Does warm temperature stimulus suppress the perception of skin wetness during initial contact with a wet surface?
### Response:
| We conclude that it is not the contact of the skin with moisture per se, but rather the integration of particular sensory inputs (amongst which coldness seems dominant) which drives the perception of skin wetness during the initial contact with a wet surface. |
### Instruction:
Does comprehensive care improve physical recovery of hip-fractured elderly Taiwanese patients with poor nutritional status?
### Response:
| An in-home program using the comprehensive care model with a nutritional component effectively improved the nutritional status of hip-fractured patients with poor nutrition. This comprehensive care intervention more effectively improved recovery of functional independence and balance for patients with recovered nutritional status. |
### Instruction:
Does swietenia macrophylla King induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis through p53 upregulation in HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells?
### Response:
| These results suggested that SMEAF exerts its antitumor activity in HCT116 cells by activating proapoptotic signaling pathway through intracellular ROS formation triggering the mitochondrial-mediated pathway via p53 activation. |
### Instruction:
Are subclinical myocardial inflammation and diffuse fibrosis common in systemic sclerosis -- a clinical study using myocardial T1-mapping and extracellular volume quantification?
### Response:
| Cardiac involvement is common in SSc even in the absence of cardiac symptoms, and includes chronic myocardial inflammation as well as focal and diffuse myocardial fibrosis. Myocardial abnormalities detected on CMR were associated with impaired strain parameters, as well as disease activity and severity in SSc patients. CMR may be useful in future in the study of treatments aimed at preventing or reducing adverse myocardial processes in SSc. |
### Instruction:
Does maze surgery normalize left ventricular function in patients with persistent lone atrial fibrillation?
### Response:
| Within a dedicated AF centre, maze surgery grants excellent outcomes, with symptoms relief and negligible risk. It provides a complete reversal of arrhythmia-related myocardial dysfunction and is therefore a convenient alternative to His bundle ablation and lifelong pacemaker dependency in symptomatic refractory patients. |
### Instruction:
Is hepatic impairment induced by scrub typhus associated with new onset of renal dysfunction?
### Response:
| The degree of hepatic impairment induced by scrub typhus is associated with new onset of renal dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Is the expression of disabled-2 common reduced in meningiomas?
### Response:
| Dab2 is expressed at variable level in meningiomas with different grade of malignancy and probably plays a pivotal role in the early stage of oncogenesis of malignant meningiomas. |
### Instruction:
Does [ New approach to detection of legionellosis causative agents in clinical samples and environment objects by PCR ]?
### Response:
| The studies carried out have shown the perspective of use of life-support ftsZ and mompS genes for the construction of novel preparations for legionellosis genetic diagnostics. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of toll-like receptor 2 and 4 increased in the respiratory epithelial cells of chronic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia patients?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that RE cells over-express TLR2 and TLR4 in the lungs of IIP patients. These findings suggest that high expression of TLRs may contribute to the pathogenesis of human IIP. |
### Instruction:
Are dermoscopic features of cutaneous melanoma associated with clinical characteristics of patients and tumours and with MC1R genotype?
### Response:
| We suggest a phenotypic/MC1R profile for melanoma patients and their tumours. Melanomas of MC1R R carriers show a significant lower TDS value, with reduced dermoscopic structures, and a lower prevalence of an atypical pigment network. Non-carriers of MC1R R variants develop melanomas dermoscopically characterized by an atypical pigment network which is prevalent in superficial spreading melanomas, in patients with dark complexion and less frequent in red-haired individuals. |
### Instruction:
Are measurement errors in polymerase chain reaction a confounding factor for a correct interpretation of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism effects on lifelong premature ejaculation : a critical analysis of a previously published meta-analysis of six studies?
### Response:
| In three studies not-in-HWE and with very low OR, inadequate PCR analysis and/or inadequate interpretation of its gel electrophoresis resulted in very low SL and a resulting shift to very high SS genotype frequency outcome. Consequently, PCRs of these three studies are not reliable. Failure to note the inadequacy of PCR tests makes such PCRs a confounding factor in clinical interpretation of genetic studies. Currently, a meta-analysis can only be performed on three studies-in-HWE. However, based on the three studies-in-HWE with OR of about 1 there is not any indication that in men with lifelong PE the frequency of LL,SL and SS genotype deviates from the general male population and/or that the SL or SS genotype is in any way associated with lifelong PE. |
### Instruction:
Does acute metformin preconditioning confer neuroprotection against focal cerebral ischaemia by pre-activation of AMPK-dependent autophagy?
### Response:
| These results provide the first evidence that acute metformin preconditioning induces autophagy by activation of brain AMPK, which confers neuroprotection against subsequent cerebral ischaemia. This suggests that metformin, a well-known hypoglycaemic drug, may have a practical clinical use for stroke prevention. |
### Instruction:
Is hMGA2 down-regulated by microRNA let-7 and associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas of Kazakhs?
### Response:
| Expression of let-7 can suppress cell proliferation by acting directly on regulation of HMGA2 in OSCC. High expression of Snail and its correlation with HMGA2 expression and tumour invasion suggest that HMGA2 may be involved in EMT in the OSCC of Kazakh patients. |
### Instruction:
Do serum levels of preoperative α-fetoprotein and CA19-9 predict survival of hepatic carcinoma patients after liver transplantation?
### Response:
| The data from this study showed that serum levels of preoperative AFP and CA19-9 were able to predict survival of patients with hepatic carcinoma after LT. This study included novel criteria, adding serum AFP and CA19-9 levels to the selection criteria for LT eligibility of patients, in addition to the Milan criteria. |
### Instruction:
Does lifestyle-induced decrease in fat mass improve adiponectin secretion in obese adults?
### Response:
| The data suggest that exercise training, independent of dietary glycemic index, favorably alters HMW adiponectin and leptin secretion and that a reduction in visceral fat mass is a key factor regulating HMW adiponectin in older obese persons. |
### Instruction:
Is pericardial fat associated with atrial conduction : the Framingham Heart Study?
### Response:
| Pericardial fat is associated with atrial conduction as quantified by PWI, even with adjustment for extracardiac fat depots. Further studies are warranted to identify the mechanisms through which pericardial fat may modify atrial electrophysiology and promote subsequent risk for arrhythmogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Do small RNAs in the peripheral blood discriminate metastasized from non-metastasized seminoma?
### Response:
| Metastasized (either lymphogen or occult) seminoma can be completely discriminated from non-metastasized seminoma with a combination of two small RNAs measured in the peripheral blood. |
### Instruction:
Is prealbumin a more sensitive marker than albumin to assess the nutritional status in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer?
### Response:
| The prevalence of malnutrition was high in patients with head and neck cancer. Prealbumin was a more sensitive marker than albumin to assess the nutritional status in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Is not only type 2 diabetes but also prediabetes associated with portal inflammation and fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
### Response:
| Not only T2D but also PD is independently associated with portal inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD patients. PD may be useful as a clinical indicator of patients who are likely to have already more severe histological findings. |
### Instruction:
Is maternal second-hand smoke exposure in pregnancy associated with childhood asthma development?
### Response:
| Maternal home second-hand smoke exposure during pregnancy is associated with incident physician-diagnosed childhood asthma, even if the mother does not smoke actively during pregnancy. Childhood asthma prevention programs should include smoking cessation strategies targeted toward smokers who live in the homes of smoking and nonsmoking pregnant women as well as pregnant women who smoke. |
### Instruction:
Does ongoing allergic rhinitis impair asthma control by enhancing the lower airway inflammation?
### Response:
| This observational study of patients with atopy indicates that the ongoing allergic rhinitis is related to worsening of asthma by enhancing the lower airway inflammation. |
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