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### Instruction:
Do signaling cascades modulate the speed of signal propagation through space?
### Response:
| Signal speed modulation may be a fundamental function of cascades, affecting the ability of signals to penetrate within a cell, to cross-react with other signals, and to activate distant targets. In particular, enhanced speeds provide a way to increase signal penetration into a cell without needing to flood the cell with large numbers of active signaling molecules; conversely, diminished speeds in zero-order ultrasensitive cascades facilitate strong, but localized, signaling. |
### Instruction:
Are folate deficiency , hyperhomocysteinemia , low urinary creatinine , and hypomethylation of leukocyte DNA risk factors for arsenic-induced skin lesions?
### Response:
| These results suggest that folate deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia, and low urinary creatinine, each associated with decreased As methylation, are risk factors for As-induced skin lesions. The increased DNA methylation associated with As exposure previously observed, and confirmed among controls in this study, may be an adaptive change because hypomethylation of leukocyte DNA is associated with increased risk for skin lesions. |
### Instruction:
Does rDX induce aberrant expression of microRNAs in mouse brain and liver?
### Response:
| Environmental toxicant exposure alters the expression of a suite of miRNAs. |
### Instruction:
Does type of SCN5A mutation determine clinical severity and degree of conduction slowing in loss-of-function sodium channelopathies?
### Response:
| In loss-of-function SCN5A channelopathies, patients carrying T and M(inactive) mutations develop a more severe phenotype than those with M(active) mutations. This is associated with more severe conduction disorders. This is the first time that genetic data are proposed for risk stratification in BrS. |
### Instruction:
Does docosahexaenoic acid pretreatment confer neuroprotection in a rat model of perinatal cerebral hypoxia-ischemia?
### Response:
| DHA pretreatment improves functional outcome and reduces volume loss after hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal rats. |
### Instruction:
Does short-term overt hypothyroidism induce discrete diastolic dysfunction in patients treated for differentiated thyroid carcinoma?
### Response:
| Subclinical hyperthyroidism is accompanied by diastolic dysfunction. Subsequent acute hypothyroidism induces only subtle changes in diastolic function. |
### Instruction:
Does resveratrol inhibit fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis in rat hepatocytes?
### Response:
| Results here reported show that in isolated hepatocytes from normal rats a resveratrol-induced short-term inhibition of fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis occurs. This finding may represent a potential mechanism contributing to the reported hypolipidemic effect of resveratrol. |
### Instruction:
Is age in high-functioning healthy men associated with nonlinear decline in some 'executive ' functions in late middle age?
### Response:
| The nonlinear change in late middle age is consistent with the hypothesis that an age-related selective diatheses impacts selectively on executive function. |
### Instruction:
Is postoperative low-molecular-weight heparin bridging associated with an increase in wound hematoma following surgery for pacemakers and implantable defibrillators?
### Response:
| Elimination of postoperative LMWH was associated with a substantial reduction in hematoma rates following PM and ICD surgery. |
### Instruction:
Does aCE inhibition attenuate uremia-induced aortic valve thickening in a novel mouse model?
### Response:
| Moderate uremia causes thickening of the aortic valves in apoE-/- mice, which can be attenuated by ACE inhibition. The nephrectomized apoE-/- mouse constitutes a new model for investigating the mechanisms of uremia-induced aortic valve disease, and also provides an opportunity to study its pharmacologic prevention. |
### Instruction:
Do successful outcome of pars plana vitreous surgery in chronic hypotony due to uveitis?
### Response:
| In eyes with normal ciliary processes, removal of ciliary membranes alone was sufficient to restore IOP. However, if ciliary atrophy was present, IOP was restored only in those eyes that received silicone oil tamponade. |
### Instruction:
Does citicoline affect appetite and cortico-limbic responses to images of high-calorie foods?
### Response:
| These preliminary findings suggest a potential usefulness of citicoline in modulating appetite, but further research is warranted. |
### Instruction:
Are coeliac disease-specific tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies associated with osteoporosis and related fractures in middle-aged women?
### Response:
| High levels of tTGAb indicating coeliac disease are associated with lower BMD and higher fracture frequency in women between 50 and 64 years of age. Osteometry is therefore warranted in middle-aged women detected with tTGAb. |
### Instruction:
Does adjunctive use of tafluprost with timolol provide additive effects for reduction of intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma?
### Response:
| As adjunctive therapy to timolol, tafluprost achieved a consistently greater reduction in IOP compared with vehicle, and was well tolerated. |
### Instruction:
Are acute effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on attentional control related to antidepressant outcomes?
### Response:
| Our results should be interpreted as preliminary because our sample was small and because the cognitive task we used has not been tested for validity and reliability. In addition, despite minimal stimulation of the DLPFC during sham stimulation, it is possible that the stimulation was partially active. Finally, benzodiazepines may have had impairing effects on the attentional task. |
### Instruction:
Is beta-catenin expression altered in dysplastic and nondysplastic aberrant crypt foci of human colon?
### Response:
| Both dysplastic and nondysplastic ACF have altered beta-catenin expression and play a role in colon tumorigenesis. |
### Instruction:
Are 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases regulated during the pulmonary granulomatous response to the mycobacterial glycolipid trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate?
### Response:
| IL-6, IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha mRNA and protein peaked during the initiation of granuloma formation. Pulmonary corticosterone levels were elevated when the proinflammatory response was greatest, dropping to half of that upon the establishment of granuloma pathology on day 7. It is hypothesized that once corticosterone reaches the site of inflammation, the enzymes 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11betaHSDs) can influence bioavailability by interconverting corticosterone and the inert metabolite 11-dehydrocorticosterone. RT-PCR demonstrated that pulmonary 11betaHSD type 1 mRNA decreased 4-fold and 11betaHSD type 2 (11betaHSD2) mRNA expression increased 2.5-fold on day 3 after injection, suggesting that corticosterone regulation in the lung, specifically the reduction of active corticosterone by 11betaHSD2, may influence the progression of granuloma formation in response to the mycobacterial glycolipid. |
### Instruction:
Does naloxone combined with epinephrine decrease cerebral injury in cardiopulmonary resuscitation?
### Response:
| Naloxone combined with epinephrine significantly increased the resuscitation rate in a rat model. Furthermore, the combination of naloxone and epinephrine increased the NDS after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. |
### Instruction:
Do four-year clinical update from the American Society of Breast Surgeons MammoSite brachytherapy trial?
### Response:
| Locoregional control, complications, and cosmetic outcomes from MammoSite APBI at the 4-year update are acceptable and similar to results seen with other forms of APBI. |
### Instruction:
Does t-cell metagene predict a favorable prognosis in estrogen receptor-negative and HER2-positive breast cancers?
### Response:
| Precise definitions of the specific subtypes of immune cells in the tumor can be accomplished from microarray data. These surrogate markers define subgroups of tumors with different prognosis. Importantly, all known prognostic gene signatures uniformly assign poor prognosis to all ER-negative tumors. In contrast, the LCK metagene actually separates the ER-negative group into better or worse prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Are iL6 and CRP haplotypes associated with COPD risk and systemic inflammation : a case-control study?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that common genetic variation in CRP and IL6 genes may contribute to heterogeneity of COPD population associated with systemic inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Does nY-ESO-1 DNA vaccine induce T-cell responses that are suppressed by regulatory T cells?
### Response:
| Regulatory T cells play a role in diminishing vaccine-induced antigen-specific effector T-cell responses in cancer patients. The NY-ESO-1 DNA vaccine represents a feasible immunotherapeutic strategy to induce antigen-specific T-cell responses. Counteracting regulatory T-cell activity before vaccination may lead to prolonged effector T-cell responses and possibly antitumor responses in cancer patients. |
### Instruction:
Does diagnostic ultrasound combined with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa-targeted microbubbles improve microvascular recovery after acute coronary thrombotic occlusions?
### Response:
| Intravenous platelet-targeted microbubbles combined with brief high-MI diagnostic ultrasound impulses guided by contrast pulse sequencing improve both epicardial recanalization rates and microvascular recovery. |
### Instruction:
Does absence of circulating aldosterone attenuate foreign body reaction around surgical sutures?
### Response:
| The absence of circulating aldosterone attenuates inflammatory intensity around suture material. Foreign body granuloma seems to be an appropriate model to study chronic inflammatory process. |
### Instruction:
Does matrix metalloproteinase-7 facilitate immune access to the CNS in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that MMP-7 may facilitate immune cell access or re-stimulation in perivascular areas, which are critical events in EAE and multiple sclerosis, and provide a new therapeutic target to treat this disorder. |
### Instruction:
Is the transcription factor Sox11 a prognostic factor for improved recurrence-free survival in epithelial ovarian cancer?
### Response:
| These data suggest that Sox11 is a new prognostic marker in EOC. Loss of Sox11 is associated with a decreased RFS and a more aggressive phenotype. |
### Instruction:
Does tetrodotoxin reduce cue-induced drug craving and anxiety in abstinent heroin addicts?
### Response:
| The results suggest that low-dose TTX is acutely effective in reducing cue-induced increases in heroin craving and associated anxiety. |
### Instruction:
Does diabetes affect ventricular repolarization and sudden cardiac death risk in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy?
### Response:
| Diabetes appears to increase the risk of heart failure in patients with DCM without affecting ventricular repolarization parameters and sudden cardiac death risk. |
### Instruction:
Is missense single nucleotide polymorphism of the ADAM12 gene associated with radiographic knee osteoarthritis in middle-aged Estonian cohort?
### Response:
| We conclude that rs3740199 polymorphism may affect occurrence of knee OA and its progression. We also hypothesize that the genetic contribution of ADAM12 to OA is remarkably gender-dependent and anatomical site-specific. |
### Instruction:
Are rigid sigmoidoscopy and MRI interchangeable in determining the position of rectal cancers?
### Response:
| 1) MRI and sigmoidoscopy are not interchangeable in determining the distance from anus to tumour simply by correcting for the length of the anal canal. It has not been determined if measurements from MRI or sigmoidoscopy are more accurate, but current evidence concerning the effect of neoadjuvant irradiation at different positions in the rectum is based upon rigid sigmoidoscopy. 2) The gain in tumour free distance above the anus induced by neoadjuvant treatment is small. Facilitation of sphincter-saving surgery should not be an argument for neoadjuvant treatment. |
### Instruction:
Does apolipoprotein E modify neurological outcome by affecting cerebral edema but not hematoma size after intracerebral hemorrhage in humans?
### Response:
| The presence of APOE4 is associated with poor functional outcomes in humans after intracerebral hemorrhage. Our data suggest that the mechanism for this may be increased cerebral edema and not larger hematoma volume. |
### Instruction:
Is epidermal growth factor receptor gene polymorphisms , R497K , but not ( CA ) n repeat , associated with dilated cardiomyopathy?
### Response:
| This study suggests that the R497K polymorphism may be associated with DCM in a Chinese population. |
### Instruction:
Do effects of multipurpose contact-lens care solutions on adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to corneal epithelial cells?
### Response:
| Taken together, these results support the possibility that chronic use of MPS containing boric acid (MPS-B and MPS-C) by hydrogel contact lens wearers may lead to increased risk for associated microbial corneal infection with PA. |
### Instruction:
Is cyclosporine A , but not tacrolimus , associated with impaired proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblast-like cells in vitro?
### Response:
| Our results showed that CyA reduced, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, the number of metabolically active cells via a decrease in proliferation and an increase in cell death, and induced impairment of osteoblast differentiation. These negative effects of CyA on human osteoblast-like cells might contribute to the bone loss reported in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Does aminoguanidine impede human pancreatic tumor growth and metastasis development in nude mice?
### Response:
| The antitumoral action of aminoguanidine is associated with decreased cell proliferation, reduced angiogenesis, and reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes. |
### Instruction:
Does suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 via RNA interference inhibit pancreatic carcinoma cell invasiveness and adhesion?
### Response:
| RNAi against MMP-2 successfully inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-2 in the pancreatic cancer cell line, BxPC-3, leading to a potent suppression of tumor cell adhesion and invasion without affecting cell proliferation and apoptosis. These findings suggest that the RNAi approach towards MMP-2 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for the clinical management of pancreatic tumor. |
### Instruction:
Does short term result from GHRH analogue use in pre-menopausal breast cancer in Korea?
### Response:
| GnRHa+T treatment can be an alternative treatment option in pre-menopausal women with endocrine-responsive, node-negative, breast cancer patients. The efficacy and tolerability of leuprorelin were similar to that of goserelin. |
### Instruction:
Does dPC4 gene status of the primary carcinoma correlate with patterns of failure in patients with pancreatic cancer?
### Response:
| Pancreatic cancers are represented by distinct genetic subtypes with significantly different patterns of failure. Determinations of DPC4 status at initial diagnosis may be of value in stratifying patients into treatment regimens related to local control versus systemic therapy. |
### Instruction:
Is the association between inflammatory markers and carotid atherosclerosis sex dependent : the Tromsø Study?
### Response:
| This cross-sectional study showed sex-dependent differences in associations between measures of carotid atherosclerosis and inflammatory markers. CRP did not discriminate echolucent from echogenic carotid plaques in either gender. Our data highlight the importance of sex-specific analyses in future studies. |
### Instruction:
Does cinacalcet lower serum alkaline phosphatase in maintenance hemodialysis patients?
### Response:
| In this combined analysis of controlled trials of patients who were receiving hemodialysis, cinacalcet lowered total serum AP. |
### Instruction:
Does ginsenoside Rg1 promote endothelial progenitor cell migration and proliferation?
### Response:
| The results indicate that ginsenoside Rg1 promotes proliferation, migration, adhesion and in vitro vasculogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does short-term exercise training stimulate skeletal muscle ATP synthesis in relatives of humans with type 2 diabetes?
### Response:
| The ability of short-term exercise to stimulate ATP production distinguished individuals with improved insulin sensitivity from those whose insulin sensitivity did not improve. In addition, the NDUFB6 gene polymorphism appeared to modulate this adaptation. This finding suggests that genes involved in mitochondrial function contribute to the response of ATP synthesis to exercise training. |
### Instruction:
Is adaptive beta-cell proliferation severely restricted with advanced age?
### Response:
| Adaptive beta-cell proliferation is severely restricted with advanced age in mice, whether stimulated by partial pancreatectomy, low-dose streptozotocin, or exendin-4. Thus, beta-cells in middle-aged mice appear to be largely postmitotic. Young rodents may not faithfully model the regenerative capacity of beta-cells in mature adult mice. |
### Instruction:
Does inferior vena cava ligation rapidly induce tissue factor expression and venous thrombosis in rats?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that the rapid development of DVT after IVC ligation reflects a combination of stasis-induced vein wall injury and enhanced TF expression in endothelial cells and leukocytes. Because TF expression occurs so soon after ligation, new synthesis is unlikely. Instead, stasis-induced venous dilatation with or without exposure of subendothelial TF, may be responsible for vessel wall TF expression. Colocalization of TF and PDI raises the possibility that PDI-mediated TF decryption plays a role in the pathogenesis of DVT. |
### Instruction:
Is ligand-dependent Notch signaling involved in tumor initiation and tumor maintenance in pancreatic cancer?
### Response:
| Our studies confirm that Notch activation is almost always ligand dependent in pancreatic cancer, and inhibition of Notch signaling is a promising therapeutic strategy in this malignancy. |
### Instruction:
Is thyroid stimulating hormone associated with metabolic syndrome in euthyroid postmenopausal women?
### Response:
| We found a close relationship between TSH and MetS in euthyroid postmenopausal women. Therefore, more attention should be focused on postmenopausal women with high normal TSH levels for the management of cardiovascular disease. |
### Instruction:
Does preproNPY Pro7 protect against depression despite exposure to environmental risk factors?
### Response:
| The size of the anxiety sample and possibly some recall bias of childhood conditions. |
### Instruction:
Is c5a inhibitory peptide combined with gabexate mesilate a clinically available candidate for preventing the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction?
### Response:
| These data suggest that C5a inhibitory peptide combined with gabexate mesilate could be an attractive drug candidate without adverse effects to control the detrimental innate immune responses induced in clinical islet transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Does iTAM signaling by Vav family Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors regulate interstitial transit rates of neutrophils in vivo?
### Response:
| Here we show that during neutrophil migration towards sites of bacterial infection, signals emanating from ITAM-containing receptors specifically control interstitial neutrophil velocity. |
### Instruction:
Is association between frequency of chromosomal aberrations and cancer risk influenced by genetic polymorphisms in GSTM1 and GSTT1?
### Response:
| Despite the small size of the study groups, our results substantiate the cancer risk predictivity of CA frequency, ruling against a strong modifying effect of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms. |
### Instruction:
Does bisphenol A at low nanomolar doses confer chemoresistance in estrogen receptor-alpha-positive and -negative breast cancer cells?
### Response:
| BPA at environmentally relevant doses reduces the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. These data provide considerable support to the accumulating evidence that BPA is hazardous to human health. |
### Instruction:
Does beta-Carotene promote the development of NNK-induced small airway-derived lung adenocarcinoma?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that beta-carotene promotes the development of PAC via increased cAMP signalling. |
### Instruction:
Is excessive daytime sleepiness an independent risk indicator for cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling elderly : the three city study?
### Response:
| EDS might be independently associated with total and cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling elderly. |
### Instruction:
Does hydrochloric acid aspiration increase right ventricular systolic pressure in rats?
### Response:
| Acid aspiration induces a significant increase in right ventricular systolic pressure and endothelin levels, and causes metabolic acidosis in this animal model. |
### Instruction:
Does transgenic up-regulation of alpha-CaMKII in forebrain lead to increased anxiety-like behaviors and aggression?
### Response:
| Up-regulation of alpha-CaMKII expression in the forebrain leads to an increase in anxiety-like behaviors and offensive aggression. From the comparisons with previous findings, we suggest that the expression levels of alpha-CaMKII are associated with the state of emotion; the expression level of alpha-CaMKII positively correlates with the anxiety state and strongly affects aggressive behavior. |
### Instruction:
Is helicobacter pylori associated with anaemia in Latin America : results from Argentina , Brazil , Bolivia , Cuba , Mexico and Venezuela?
### Response:
| The present study showed no evidence to support the hypothesis that H. pylori contributes to anaemia in children, adolescents, adults or pregnant women in six Latin American countries. |
### Instruction:
Does perturbation of DNA repair pathways by proteasome inhibitors correspond to enhanced chemosensitivity of cells to DNA damage-inducing agents?
### Response:
| The synergistic effect of proteasome inhibitors in combination with DNA damage-inducing agents warrants further investigating into its effectiveness in the treatment of breast cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does deletion of the mouse Fmo1 gene result in enhanced pharmacological behavioural responses to imipramine?
### Response:
| The absence of FMO1-mediated N-oxidation of imipramine results in enhanced central nervous system effects of the drug. The results provide insights into the metabolism of imipramine in the brain and may explain the basis of the adverse reactions to the drug seen in some patients. The knockout mouse line will provide a valuable resource for defining the role of FMO1 in the metabolism of drugs and other foreign chemicals. |
### Instruction:
Is the need for epidural analgesia related to birthweight - a population-based register study?
### Response:
| The woman's need for EDA is strongly related to birthweight. Prolonged duration of labor and instrumental delivery usually ascribed to EDA may be due to large infants. |
### Instruction:
Is death receptor 5 internalization required for lysosomal permeabilization by TRAIL in malignant liver cell lines?
### Response:
| TRAIL-mediated endocytosis of DR5 with trafficking to lysosomes contributes to lysosomal protease release into the cytosol and efficient apoptosis in malignant liver cell lines. |
### Instruction:
Do two-lung high-frequency jet ventilation as an alternative ventilation technique during transthoracic esophagectomy?
### Response:
| High-frequency jet ventilation to 2 lungs, using a single-lumen tube, is a safe and adequate ventilation technique for use during esophagectomy. High-frequency jet ventilation had no influence on the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications but reduced perioperative blood loss and led to a decreased need for fluid replacement. |
### Instruction:
Is in-stent coronary restenosis , but not the type of stent , associated with impaired endothelial-dependent vasodilatation?
### Response:
| The type of stent implanted into LAD does not affect the FMD, PDGF and ADMA serum levels assessed one-year after a PCI procedure. The occurrence of an early in-stent restenosis is associated with impaired FMD at the time of one-year follow-up. |
### Instruction:
Is remote postconditioning more potent than classic postconditioning in reducing the infarct size in anesthetized rabbits?
### Response:
| Remote postconditioning consisted of 1 min isc/1 min rep protects the ischemic rabbit heart in vivo, independently of the site of the remote artery. This intervention seems to confer a stronger protection than the classic postconditioning. |
### Instruction:
Does continuous infusion of pantoprazole with octreotide improve management of variceal hemorrhage?
### Response:
| Prolonged continuous infusions of pantoprazole with octreotide seemed to offer no additional benefit compared with octreotide plus short-term infusions of pantoprazole or intermittent acid suppression in the management of acute variceal hemorrhage. Prospective studies should be conducted to evaluate the role of continuously infused proton pump inhibitors in this setting before their use can be advocated. |
### Instruction:
Does glutamine deprivation induce abortive s-phase rescued by deoxyribonucleotides in k-ras transformed fibroblasts?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that the differential effects of glutamine and glucose on cell viability are not a property of the transformed phenotype per se, but rather depend on the specific pathway being activated in transformation. For instance, myc-overexpressing cells have been reported to die under glutamine depletion and not under glucose shortage, while the opposite holds for ras-transformed fibroblasts as shown in this paper. These different responses of transformed cells to nutritional stress should be taken into account when designing anti-cancer therapies that aim to exploit metabolic differences between normal and transformed cells. |
### Instruction:
Do multiple shocks affect thoracic electrical impedance during external cardioversion of atrial fibrillation?
### Response:
| TI decreases significantly after multiple shocks, possibly by activation of acute inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Does tamoxifen inhibit transforming growth factor-alpha gene expression in human breast carcinoma samples treated with triiodothyronine?
### Response:
| We demonstrate that TGF-alpha mRNA expression is more efficiently upregulated by T3 than E2. Concomitant treatment with TAM had a mitigating effect on the T3 effect, while E2 induced TGF-alpha upregulation. Our findings show some similarities between primary culture and breast cancer cell lines, but also some important differences: a) induction of TGF-alpha, a mitogenic protein, by TAM; b) a differential effect of TAM that may depend on relative expression of ER alpha and beta; and c) supraphysiological doses of T3 may induce mitogenic signals in breast cancer tissue under conditions of low circulating E2. |
### Instruction:
Does perception of improvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis vary with disease activity levels at baseline?
### Response:
| The perception of improvement of disease activity of patients with RA is considerably different depending on the disease activity level at which they start. |
### Instruction:
Are higher levels of physical activity associated with a lower risk of abnormal glucose tolerance in renal transplant recipients?
### Response:
| A higher amount of PA is associated with a lower risk of AGT in RTRs (particularly in females). An emphasis on increasing PA should be encouraged for all RTRs. |
### Instruction:
Does s-homocysteinylated LDL apolipoprotein B adversely affect human endothelial cells in vitro?
### Response:
| Although the mechanism by which Hcy-S-LDL elicits the current cellular effects needs further investigation, our data suggest that intracellular ROS production induced by Hcy-S-LDL might be responsible for the observed HECs damage and indicate that Hcy-S-LDL may have some role in CVD. |
### Instruction:
Does narrow-band imaging magnification predict the histology and invasion depth of colorectal tumors?
### Response:
| NBI magnification findings of colorectal lesions were associated with histologic grade and invasion depth. |
### Instruction:
Does peripheral nerve injury sensitize neonatal dorsal horn neurons to tumor necrosis factor-alpha?
### Response:
| Developing SDH neurons become susceptible to regulation by TNFalpha following peripheral nerve injury in the neonate. This may include both a greater efficacy of glutamatergic synapses as well as an increase in the intrinsic excitability of immature dorsal horn neurons. However, neonatal sciatic nerve damage alone did not significantly modulate synaptic transmission or neuronal excitability in the SDH, which could reflect a relatively weak expression of TNFalpha in the injured spinal cord at early ages. The above data suggest that although the sensitivity of the SDH network to proinflammatory cytokines after nerve injury is present from the first days of life, the profile of spinal cytokine expression under neuropathic conditions may be highly age-dependent. |
### Instruction:
Do rectal cancer patients benefit from implementation of a dedicated colorectal cancer center in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center?
### Response:
| A dedicated CRC center has significantly improved quality of care for CRC patients. |
### Instruction:
Is beta amyloid in Alzheimer 's disease : increased deposition in brain reflected in reduced concentration in cerebrospinal fluid?
### Response:
| The study demonstrates a moderate linear negative association between cerebral amyloid plaque load and CSF Abeta42 levels in AD patients in vivo and suggests possible regional differences of the association. |
### Instruction:
Is interleukin-6 essential for Staphylococcal exotoxin B-induced T regulatory cell insufficiency in nasal polyps?
### Response:
| SEB is able to modulate pro-inflammatory factors, T-helper type 1/Th2 profiles and suppress Treg activity in cultured nasal polyps, which were rescued by blocking IL-6 activity. Therefore, IL-6 is essential for SEB-induced Treg insufficiency in nasal polyps. |
### Instruction:
Does cigarette smoke suppress in vitro allergic activation of mouse mast cells?
### Response:
| Our study suggests that exposure to cigarette smoke may lead to a reduced allergic activation of mast cells without affecting their response to activation via e.g. bacterial-derived LPS. |
### Instruction:
Is brain maturation delayed in infants with complex congenital heart defects?
### Response:
| Before surgery, term infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and transposition of the great arteries have brains that are smaller and structurally less mature than expected. This delay in brain development may foster susceptibility to periventricular leukomalacia in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods. |
### Instruction:
Does early vs late midline sling lysis result in greater improvement in lower urinary tract symptoms?
### Response:
| Based on this large cohort, patients may benefit from earlier midline sling lysis within 1 year for LUTS after a pubovaginal or midurethral sling procedure. The development of recurrent stress urinary incontinence after midline sling lysis is relatively low. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Correlation between pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis and thymus mature dendritic cells ]?
### Response:
| The number and ratio of the thymus mDCs in MG are high, high, and the distribution abnormal. mDC actively may be actively involved in the pathogenesis of MG. |
### Instruction:
Does cigarette smoke impair clearance of apoptotic cells through oxidant-dependent activation of RhoA?
### Response:
| These findings advance the hypothesis that impaired efferocytosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD and suggest the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting the RhoA-Rho kinase pathway. |
### Instruction:
Is a eukaryotic initiation factor 5C upregulated during metamorphosis in the cotton bollworm , Helicoverpa armigera?
### Response:
| These results suggested that during metamorphosis of the cotton bollworm, Ha-eIF5C was upregulated by 20E through the EcR and USP transcription factors. |
### Instruction:
Is g-protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein-1 required for pulmonary vascular development?
### Response:
| Our data support a critical role for GIT1 in pulmonary vascular development by regulating VEGF-induced PLCgamma and ERK1/2 activation. |
### Instruction:
Is histamine released in acute thermal injury in human skin in vivo : a microdialysis study?
### Response:
| Histamine is not released in human skin during the acute phase of a thermal injury. |
### Instruction:
Are mutations in the first MyTH4 domain of MYO15A a common cause of DFNB3 hearing loss?
### Response:
| These are the first MYO15A mutations reported to cause DFNB3 sensorineural hearing loss in the Iranian population. Like other mutations located in the myosin tail homology 4 (MyTH4) domain, the p.R2124Q and p.P2073S mutations are predicted to disrupt the function of the myosin XVa protein, which is integral to the mechanosensory activity of hair cells in the inner ear. |
### Instruction:
Is early growth response factor-1 associated with intraluminal thrombus formation in human abdominal aortic aneurysm?
### Response:
| The present study demonstrates the differential up-regulation of Egr-1 in the thrombus-covered wall of human AAA and also suggests its possible contribution to the thrombogenic and inflammatory pathogenesis in human AAA. |
### Instruction:
Do reduction of postoperative spinal implant infection using gentamicin microspheres?
### Response:
| Postoperative, biomaterial-centered infection was reduced at least 50% with intraoperative gentamicin microspheres in the face of systemic cephalosporin prophylaxis and high dose S. aureus in a laminectomy defect in rabbits. The data are statistically and clinically significant, and further animal testing is planned to confirm these results. |
### Instruction:
Do biomechanics of halo-vest and dens screw fixation for type II odontoid fracture?
### Response:
| The present reduction in C1/2 motion observed, due to the halo-vest and dens screw combined is similar to previously reported immobilization provided by the polyaxial screw/rod system and transarticular screw fixation combined with wiring. The present biomechanical data may be useful to clinicians when choosing an appropriate treatment for those with Type II dens fracture. |
### Instruction:
Is a-kinase anchoring in dendritic cells required for antigen presentation?
### Response:
| These experiments represent the first evidence for the functional importance of PKA anchoring in multiple aspects of DC biology. |
### Instruction:
Does bazedoxifene reduce vertebral and clinical fractures in postmenopausal women at high risk assessed with FRAX?
### Response:
| Bazedoxifene (20 and 40 mg doses combined) significantly decreased the risk of all clinical fractures and morphometric vertebral fractures in women at or above a FRAX based fracture probability threshold. These results, consistent with the previous subgroup analysis, suggest that bazedoxifene should be targeted preferentially to women at high fracture risk. |
### Instruction:
Does loss of the acinar-restricted transcription factor Mist1 accelerate Kras-induced pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia?
### Response:
| We propose that convergence of EGFR, Notch, and Kras pathways in acinar cells lacking Mist1 leads to enhanced mPanIN formation. |
### Instruction:
Does high glucose sensitize adult cardiomyocytes to ischaemia/reperfusion injury through nitrative thioredoxin inactivation?
### Response:
| High glucose sensitized cardiomyocytes to ischaemia/reperfusion injury through nitrative Trx-1 inactivation. Interventions restoring Trx-1 activity in the diabetic heart may represent novel therapies attenuating cardiac injury in diabetic patients. |
### Instruction:
Do salicylates dilate blood vessels through inhibiting PYK2-mediated RhoA/Rho-kinase activation?
### Response:
| Salicylates dilate blood vessels through inhibiting PYK2-mediated RhoA/Rho-kinase activation and thus lower blood pressure. |
### Instruction:
Does p6 acustimulation effectively decrease postoperative nausea and vomiting in high-risk patients?
### Response:
| Continuous 24 h acustimulation decreases PONV, particularly in patients at high risk. |
### Instruction:
Does intraoperative detection of intimal lipid in the radial artery predict degree of postoperative spasm?
### Response:
| RA conduits otherwise considered acceptable for bypass grafting were often found by OCT imaging to have a substantial amount of lipid, which in turn strongly relates to the risk of postoperative spasm. Screening conduits based on characteristics of intimal quality may improve results following RA grafting. |
### Instruction:
Is serum obestatin/ghrelin ratio altered in patients after distal gastrectomy?
### Response:
| The serum level of obestatin and ghrelin exhibits a different time course in patients who have undergone gastrectomy, and there was no ghrelin-expressing cell hyperplasia in the remnant stomach despite the decrease in serum ghrelin. |
### Instruction:
Are the coiled coils of cohesin conserved in animals , but not in yeast?
### Response:
| SMC1/3 functions for sister chromatid cohesion in all species. Since its coiled coils apparently serve only as spacer rods in yeast, it is likely that this is sufficient for sister chromatid cohesion in all species. This suggests an additional function in animals that constrains the sequence of the coiled coils. Several recent studies have demonstrated that cohesin has a role in gene expression in post-mitotic neurons of Drosophila, and other animal cells. Some variants of human Cornelia de Lange Syndrome involve mutations in human SMC1/3. We suggest that the role of cohesin in gene expression may involve intimate contact of the coiled coils of SMC1/3, and impose the constraint on sequence divergence. |
### Instruction:
Do iBD-associated TL1A gene ( TNFSF15 ) haplotypes determine increased expression of TL1A protein?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that TL1A gene variation exacerbates induction of TL1A in response to FcgammaR stimulation in Jewish CD patients and this may lead to chronic intestinal inflammation via overwhelming T cell responses. Thus, TL1A may provide an important target for therapeutic intervention in this subgroup of IBD patients. |
### Instruction:
Do intergenic regions of Borrelia plasmids contain phylogenetically conserved RNA secondary structure motifs?
### Response:
| Intergenic regions of Borrelia species carry evolutionarily stable RNA secondary structure motifs. Of major interest is that some motifs are associated with protein genes that show large sequence variability. The cell may conserve these RNA motifs whereas allow a large flux in amino acid sequence, possibly to create new virulence factors but with associated RNA motifs intact. |
### Instruction:
Does botulinum toxin cosmetic therapy correlate with a more positive mood?
### Response:
| The results support the facial feedback view that frowning can make one unhappier. Treatments that prevent frowning correlate with reduced negative mood. |
### Instruction:
Does propofol inhibit cyclo-oxygenase activity in human monocytic THP-1 cells?
### Response:
| Propofol may modulate inflammation via the suppression of cyclooxygenase activity. Through the inhibition of prostanoid production, propofol may enhance immune responses. |
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