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### Instruction:
Does spinal hemiepiphysiodesis decrease the size of vertebral growth plate hypertrophic zone and cells?
### Response:
| Unilateral control of intervertebral joint motion decreased growth plate height, cell size, and disc height. |
### Instruction:
Does organizational culture influence health care workers ' influenza immunization behavior?
### Response:
| In these practices, organizational culture was associated with varying rates of influenza immunization for HCWs, especially among nonphysicians. Addressing elements of organizational culture such as beliefs regarding influenza immunization and office policies may facilitate the immunization of all staff members. |
### Instruction:
Is serum surfactant protein-A a strong predictor of early mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
### Response:
| Increased serum SP-A level is a strong and independent predictor of early mortality among patients with IPF. A prediction model containing SP-A and SP-D was substantially superior to a model with clinical predictors alone. |
### Instruction:
Does exercise training alter the molecular response to myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| Swimming exercise training conducted before acute MI reprograms the surviving myocardium for altered molecular response to MI that explains, in part, the protected cardiac phenotype of the exercised animals. |
### Instruction:
Are cytokine responses of intraepithelial lymphocytes regulated by histamine H ( 2 ) receptor?
### Response:
| Histamine has a direct suppressive effect on IEL-derived cytokines via H(2)R, which would have a crucial role in the suppression of local immunoregulation in the intestinal epithelium. |
### Instruction:
Does blood stage malaria vaccine eliciting high antigen-specific antibody concentrations confer no protection to young children in Western Kenya?
### Response:
| FMP1/AS02 is not a promising candidate for further development as a monovalent malaria vaccine. Future MSP-1(42) vaccine development should focus on other formulations and antigen constructs. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Language of instruction and the effect on visual field result ]?
### Response:
| Proper instruction is critical for quality results in perimetry. The study indicated that immigrants would not be handicapped in their performance when given professional instruction in their own language. |
### Instruction:
Does interaction between interleukin-8 and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genes modulate Alzheimer 's disease risk?
### Response:
| Our data suggest a critical role for IL-8/MTHFR interactions in the development of AD. |
### Instruction:
Is the long-term use of statins associated with a decreased incidence of adenomatous colon polyps?
### Response:
| In patients with APs removed colonoscopically, long-term statin usage is associated with a decreased incidence of new and advanced APs. This suggests that statins may protect against CRC by reducing the development of new APs. |
### Instruction:
Is the C609T variant of NQO1 associated with carotid artery plaques in patients with type 2 diabetes?
### Response:
| These results suggest that the C609T polymorphism of NQO1 is associated with carotid artery plaques in type 2 diabetic patients. |
### Instruction:
Are mTAP and CDKN2B genes associated with myocardial infarction in Chinese Hans?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates for the first time that polymorphisms in CDKN2B and MTAP gene may influence the risk of MI in Chinese. |
### Instruction:
Does a beta-catenin-dependent Wnt pathway mediate anteroposterior axon guidance in C. elegans motor neurons?
### Response:
| Together, our data provide evidence that Wnt-mediated axon guidance can be transduced through a beta-catenin-dependent pathway. |
### Instruction:
Do falling FSH levels predict poor IVF pregnancy rates in patients whom the gonadotropins are withheld?
### Response:
| The results from this study show that monitoring serum FSH levels during coasting may be helpful in predicting the pregnancy outcome. |
### Instruction:
Does daily mini quiz as means for improving student performance in anatomy course?
### Response:
| Despite their frequency and possible associated stress, daily quizzes were associated with better academic success in the anatomy course. |
### Instruction:
Is common variant in myocilin gene associated with high myopia in isolated population of Korcula Island , Croatia?
### Response:
| Myocilin seems to be a very strong candidate for explaining some of the pathophysiological pathways leading to the development of both glaucoma and high myopia. As our finding was obtained in a relatively under-powered sample, further research and replication of these results is needed. |
### Instruction:
Do contributions of gut bacteria to Bacillus thuringiensis-induced mortality vary across a range of Lepidoptera?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that in some larval species, indigenous gut bacteria contribute to B. thuringiensis susceptibility. Moreover, the contribution of enteric bacteria to host mortality suggests that perturbations caused by toxin feeding induce otherwise benign gut bacteria to exert pathogenic effects. The interaction between B. thuringiensis and the gut microbiota of Lepidoptera may provide a useful model with which to identify the factors involved in such transitions. |
### Instruction:
Is pretreatment T3-4 stage an adverse prognostic factor in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who achieve pathological complete response following preoperative chemoradiotherapy?
### Response:
| We have shown that up to 31.4% of patients with esophageal SCC who achieve pCR develop tumor recurrence thereafter. Pretherapy T3-4 disease was a strong and independent adverse risk factor for 5-year tumor recurrence, DSS and DFS. High-risk patients with T3-4 disease should be followed with a strict surveillance protocol. |
### Instruction:
Does age-dependent disease expression determine remodeling of the retinal mosaic in carriers of RPGR exon ORF15 mutations?
### Response:
| The time of onset and the progression of the disease differed between the two models. In the early-onset form (XLPRA2) the morphologic appearance of the retinal mosaic changed as a function of age, suggesting that structural plasticity persists in the early postnatal canine retina as mutant photoreceptors die. In the late-onset form (XLPRA1), patches of disease persisted until later ages. |
### Instruction:
Does amniotic membrane transplantation induce apoptosis in T lymphocytes in murine corneas with experimental herpetic stromal keratitis?
### Response:
| The results suggest that murine HSK improves after AMT through reduced local T-helper cell immune responses by inducing apoptosis in T lymphocytes, independently of passive apoptosis or activation-induced cell death. AM also reduces local T-helper cytokine and chemokine levels but does not result in immune deviation. Immunologic memory against HSV-1 is not affected by AMT, and long-term protection or tolerance is not induced. |
### Instruction:
Does thrombin increase inflammatory cytokine and angiogenic growth factor secretion in human adipose cells in vitro?
### Response:
| Here we show that thrombin PAR1 and PAR4 receptors are present and that thrombin stimulates inflammatory cytokine generation and growth factor release in human adipose tissue and cells in vitro. These data suggest that thrombin may represent a molecular link between obesity and associated inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Are the high affinity selectin glycan ligand C2-O-sLex and mRNA transcripts of the core 2 beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase ( C2GnT1 ) gene highly expressed in human colorectal adenocarcinomas?
### Response:
| C2-O-sLex, detected by the CHO-131 mAb, is a tumor associated antigen whose expression is highly upregulated in colorectal adenocarcinomas and metastatic liver tumors compared to normal tissues. C2-O-sLex is a potentially useful early predictor of metastasis. |
### Instruction:
Is interleukin-17 a critical mediator of vaccine-induced reduction of Helicobacter infection in the mouse model?
### Response:
| IL-17 plays a critical role in the immunization-induced reduction of Helicobacter infection from the gastric mucosa. |
### Instruction:
Are novel serum paraoxonase activity assays associated with coronary artery disease?
### Response:
| Novel PON1 activity assays may be associated with CAD. In this study, CAD patients had low DEPCyMCase activity, a possible marker of low PON1 concentration, but showed a high stimulation of PON1 lactonase activity. |
### Instruction:
Does anger-induced T-wave alternans predict future ventricular arrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators?
### Response:
| Anger-induced TWA predicts future ventricular arrhythmias in patients with ICDs, suggesting that emotion-induced repolarization instability may be 1 mechanism linking stress and sudden death. Whether there is a clinical role for anger-induced TWA testing requires further study. |
### Instruction:
Does intranasal lidocaine plus naphazoline nitrate improve surgical conditions and perioperative analgesia in septorhinoplasty surgery?
### Response:
| Intranasal lidocaine plus naphazoline is a simple and efficient technique for decreasing intra- and postoperative pain and for lessening rescue analgesic requirements in the postoperative period after septorhinoplasty. Toxic plasma concentrations of lidocaine were not reached. |
### Instruction:
Does sulforaphane inhibit TNF-alpha-induced activation of p38 MAP kinase and VCAM-1 and MCP-1 expression in endothelial cells?
### Response:
| These data suggest that sulforaphane may be useful as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. |
### Instruction:
Do adenosine A ( 1 ) receptors determine glomerular hyperfiltration and the salt paradox in early streptozotocin diabetes mellitus?
### Response:
| A(1)Rs determine glomerular hyperfiltration and the salt paradox in early diabetes, which is consistent with the tubulocentric principle. |
### Instruction:
Do prevalence of psychiatric and substance use disorders among single mothers nearing lifetime welfare eligibility limits?
### Response:
| Despite the high prevalence of psychiatric and substance use disorders in this population, many remain untreated. The consequences of terminating welfare assistance are worthy of further investigation, given the potential for adverse effects on both mothers and their young children. |
### Instruction:
Does suicidal ideation and behavior and some psychological correlate in physically disabled motor-vehicle accident survivors?
### Response:
| While limited by small sample size, our study results support the need to further explore suicide risk and psychological correlates in patients with permanent physical disability. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Risk of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism ]?
### Response:
| The findings of the case-control and family-based studies clearly demonstrate that DNA sequence differences in eNOS gene influence the risk of cerebral vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases by olomoucine and roscovitine reduce lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses via down-regulation of nuclear factor kappaB?
### Response:
| The findings of this study suggest that inhibition of cell-cycle progression is capable of reducing pro-inflammatory responses via down-regulation of NF-kappaB. |
### Instruction:
Is accuracy of tobramycin levels obtained from central venous access devices in patients with cystic fibrosis technique dependent?
### Response:
| Peak tobramycin levels drawn from CVADs flushed with a small flush volume are falsely elevated compared to those obtained by peripheral venipuncture. The use of a larger saline flush greatly improves the accuracy of these levels. Therefore, care should be taken to base clinical decisions on tobramycin levels obtained by peripheral venipuncture or following an appropriate large volume saline flush. |
### Instruction:
Does prolonged head down bed rest-induced inactivity impair tonic autonomic regulation while sparing oscillatory cardiovascular rhythms in healthy humans?
### Response:
| Prolonged inactivity as induced by HDBR in healthy volunteers reduces both cardiovagal and vascular sympathetic regulation, while largely maintaining peripheral responsiveness to standardized stimuli and sparing the functional structure of central oscillatory cardiovascular regulation. |
### Instruction:
Does human C-reactive protein induce endothelial dysfunction and uncoupling of eNOS in vivo?
### Response:
| Our data provide novel evidence for the detrimental action of CRP in vivo by impairing eNOS-dependent vasodilation and uncoupling of eNOS. |
### Instruction:
Does peroxiredoxin IV protect cells from radiation-induced apoptosis in head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| The results of these studies suggest that Prx-IV may play an important role in protecting cells from IR-induced apoptosis in head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of 4E-BP1 sensitize U87 glioblastoma xenograft tumors to irradiation by decreasing hypoxia tolerance?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that although tumors often demonstrate increases in cap-dependent translation, regulation of this activity is required to facilitate energy conservation, hypoxia tolerance, and tumor radioresistance. Furthermore, we suggest that targeting translational control may be an effective way to target hypoxic cells and radioresistance in metabolically hyperactive tumors. |
### Instruction:
Are the conserved WW-domain binding sites in Dystroglycan C-terminus essential but partially redundant for Dystroglycan function?
### Response:
| Based on the obtained results we propose that the presence of the two WW binding sites in Dystroglycan secures the essential interaction between Dg and Dys and might further provide additional regulation for the cytoskeletal interactions of this complex. |
### Instruction:
Is muscle strength significantly associated with hip bone mineral density in women with Parkinson 's disease : a cross-sectional study?
### Response:
| Hip bone mineral density is independently associated with leg muscle strength in women with Parkinson's disease. |
### Instruction:
Is inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 a novel marker of acute ischemic stroke?
### Response:
| ITIH4 is an anti-inflammatory protein, and suggests that further investigation into its potential use in the diagnosis and prognosis of AIS is warranted. |
### Instruction:
Are single nucleotide polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor gene intron 2 markers for early progression of diabetic retinopathy in Japanese with type 1 diabetes?
### Response:
| Certain SNPs in intron 2 of the VEGF gene are associated with early progression of retinopathy in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes, though their contributions were weakened by glycemic exposure. |
### Instruction:
Is the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-inducing factor TWIST an attractive target in advanced and/or metastatic bladder and prostate cancers?
### Response:
| With the targeted therapy, oncology has entered into a new era, which is going to be critical in cancer treatment in combination with traditional anticancer drugs. |
### Instruction:
Are the oncogenic effects of constitutive Stat3 signaling in salivary gland cancer cells mediated by survivin and modulated by the NSAID sulindac?
### Response:
| Taken together, these data support the importance of the constitutive Stat3 signaling for growth and survival of salivary gland cancer cells through the induction of survivin. Inhibition of the oncogenic Stat3-survivin pathway in these cells can be achieved by selective targeting techniques or treatment with the NSAID sulindac and holds promise for the treatment of salivary gland cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does the Apc 1322T mouse develop severe polyposis associated with submaximal nuclear beta-catenin expression?
### Response:
| We propose that the Apc(1322T) mutation produces submaximal beta-catenin levels that promote early tumor growth more effectively than the Apc(Min) mutation. |
### Instruction:
Does diagnostic assay based on hsa-miR-205 expression distinguish squamous from nonsquamous non-small-cell lung carcinoma?
### Response:
| Hsa-miR-205 is a highly accurate marker for lung cancer of squamous histology. The standardized diagnostic assay presented here can provide highly accurate subclassification of NSCLC patients. |
### Instruction:
Does strength training preserve the bone mineral density of postmenopausal women without hormone replacement therapy?
### Response:
| Results indicated that 24 weeks of ST improved body composition parameters, increased muscular strength, and preserved BMD in postmenopausal women. |
### Instruction:
Do objective findings with malpositioning of a nucleus 24RE ( CA ) cochlear implant?
### Response:
| Although the electrode array had folded up on itself during insertion, intraoperative electrode impedances and VIII nerve responses, as well as postoperative electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses, were within normal limits. However, averaged electrode voltages, obtained with the Nucleus Crystal Integrity Test system, were abnormal and consistent with a low-impedance pathway between the apical and middle portions of the electrode array. |
### Instruction:
Are mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphisms associated with disease activity and physical disability in untreated , anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide-positive patients with early rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| The results point to a synovitis-enhancing effect of MBL in anti-CCP-positive RA, whereas such an effect was not demonstrated for joint erosions. |
### Instruction:
Is surgical treatment decisive for outcome in chondrosarcoma of the chest wall : a population-based Scandinavian Sarcoma Group study of 106 patients?
### Response:
| Patients operated with wide surgical margins resulted in fewer local recurrences and better overall survival. Patients with chest wall tumors should be referred to sarcoma centers and not to general thoracic surgery clinics for diagnosis and treatment. |
### Instruction:
Does expression of LKB1 tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer determine sensitivity to 2-deoxyglucose?
### Response:
| LKB1 loss increases susceptibility to 2-deoxyglucose treatment in non-small cell lung cancer lines, even at low doses. Thus, determination of LKB1 status may help direct therapy to those patients most likely to benefit from this novel approach, making it useful in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does sunitinib mediate reversal of myeloid-derived suppressor cell accumulation in renal cell carcinoma patients?
### Response:
| Sunitinib-based therapy has the potential to modulate antitumor immunity by reversing MDSC-mediated tumor-induced immunosuppression. |
### Instruction:
Is sperm-derived SPANX-B a clinically relevant tumor antigen that is expressed in human tumors and readily recognized by human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells?
### Response:
| SPANX-B is an immunogenic sperm-derived antigen that is expressed in several human tumors. SPANX-B is also efficiently recognized by the human T-cell immune arm, indicating its significant value for the development of protective and therapeutic cancer vaccines. |
### Instruction:
Does lipid-rich enteral nutrition reduce postoperative ileus in rats via activation of cholecystokinin-receptors?
### Response:
| Our data demonstrate that nutritional stimulation of the autonomic nervous system with enteral lipids reduces postoperative ileus by inhibition of inflammation. Clinically, lipid-rich enteral nutrition may be a new therapeutic option in the treatment of postoperative ileus. |
### Instruction:
Does wall motion score index predict mortality and functional result after surgical ventricular restoration for advanced ischemic heart failure?
### Response:
| Sufficient residual remote myocardium is necessary to recover from a SVR procedure and to translate the surgically induced morphological changes into a functional improvement. Preoperative WMSI is a surrogate measure of residual remote myocardial function and is a promising tool for better patient selection to improve results after SVR procedures for advanced ischemic heart failure. |
### Instruction:
Does ciprofloxacin select for multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium mediated by at least two different pathways?
### Response:
| These data show that ciprofloxacin exposure can select for mutations within ramR and consequently mediate MDR. These data also indicate that there is at least one further unidentified gene in addition to marA, soxS, rob and ramA that confers MDR in S. enterica. |
### Instruction:
Is high serum YKL-40 concentration associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease?
### Response:
| High serum YKL-40 is associated with MI, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with stable CAD. |
### Instruction:
Are muscle cramps the commonest side effect of home parenteral nutrition?
### Response:
| Muscle cramps have a high prevalence in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition. |
### Instruction:
Is genetic variation in ATP5O associated with skeletal muscle ATP50 mRNA expression and glucose uptake in young twins?
### Response:
| Genetic variation and age are associated with skeletal muscle ATP5O mRNA expression and glucose disposal rate, suggesting that combinations of genetic and non-genetic factors may cause the reduced expression of ATP5O in T2D muscle. These findings propose a role for ATP5O, in cooperation with other OXPHOS genes, in the regulation of in vivo glucose metabolism. |
### Instruction:
Is contractile function preserved in unloaded hearts despite atrophic remodeling?
### Response:
| Atrophic remodeling involves both the myocyte and interstitial tissue compartment. These data suggest that although there is decreased myocardial volume and increased stiffness, contractile capacity is preserved in the long-term unloaded heart. |
### Instruction:
Is nadir CA-125 level an independent prognostic factor in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer?
### Response:
| The prognostic role of the nadir CA-125 is independent of residual tumor size in the patients with advanced EOC. However, it is still unclear whether maximal surgical effort can affect the nadir CA-125 levels. |
### Instruction:
Does analysis with support vector machine show HIV-positive subjects without infectious retinitis have mfERG deficiencies compared to normal eyes?
### Response:
| This study confirms that mfERG SOK abnormalities develop in the retina of HIV-positive individuals. The new finding of equal severity of b-latency abnormalities in the low- and high-CD4 groups indicates that good immune status under highly active antiretroviral therapy may not protect against retinal damage and, by extension, damage elsewhere. SOKs are difficult for human experts to interpret. Machine learning classifiers, such as SVM, learn from the data without human intervention, reducing the need to rely on human skills to interpret this test. |
### Instruction:
Does microRNA-21 regulate the proliferation and invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| MicroRNA-21 targets PDCD4 at the posttranscriptional level and regulates cell proliferation and invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. It may serve as a novel therapeutic target in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Do mMPs regulate both development and immunity in the tribolium model insect?
### Response:
| This is the first study, to our knowledge, investigating the in vivo role of virtually all insect MMP paralogs along with their inhibitors TIMP and RECK in both insect development and immunity. Our results from the Tribolium model insect indicate that MMPs regulate tracheal and gut development during beetle embryogenesis, pupal morphogenesis, and innate immune defense reactions thereby revealing the evolutionarily conserved roles of MMPs. |
### Instruction:
Does anatomic location of penetrating lower-extremity trauma predict compartment syndrome development?
### Response:
| Injuries to the proximal half of the BK segment are the most common cause for the development of compartment syndrome from penetrating injuries of the lower extremity. Development of BK compartment syndrome because of penetrating AK injury is rare without an associated surgically significant vascular injury. Observational admission for compartment syndrome development in patients with penetrating injury to the AK segment or distal BK segment is unnecessary. |
### Instruction:
Does physically active lifestyle decrease the risk of fattening?
### Response:
| The change from a physically active to a more sedentary routine does not induce an equivalent reduction of energy intake and requires cognitive restriction to maintain energy balance. |
### Instruction:
Does performance-oriented mobility assessment ( POMA ) balance score indicate need for assistive device?
### Response:
| Older adults using an AD will score lower on the B-subscale and report lower activity level and health status. A score of less than 12 on the B-subscale is indicative of AD need. Older adults who use an AD and self-report a falls history will score lower on the B-subscale than individuals using an AD and no reported history of falls. |
### Instruction:
Does brain nuclear factor-kappa B activation contribute to neurohumoral excitation in angiotensin II-induced hypertension?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that an ANG II-induced increase in the brain renin-angiotensin system activates NF-kappaB in the PVN and contributes to sympathoexcitation in hypertension. The increased superoxide in the PVN contributes to NF-kappaB activation and neurohumoral excitation in hypertension. |
### Instruction:
Does oxidative stress impair vasorelaxation induced by the soluble guanylyl cyclase activator BAY 41-2272 in spontaneously hypertensive rats?
### Response:
| Augmented oxidative stress in SHR impaired cGMP-dependent and -independent relaxation induced by BAY 41-2272, by decreasing NO bioavailability and sGC expression and by increasing contractile activity. Inhibiton of oxidative stress improved the relaxation of BAY 41-2272 in SHR. BAY 41-2272 might be an alternative therapeutic tool for hypertension if administrated with antioxidant compounds. |
### Instruction:
Does cCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta mediate expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 in human articular chondrocytes in inflammatory arthritis?
### Response:
| C/EBPbeta directly binds to the MMP-13 promoter region and stimulates the expression of MMP-13 in chondrocytes in inflammatory arthritis. |
### Instruction:
Is membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase a crucial promoter of synovial invasion in human rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| MT1-MMP serves as an essential collagen-degrading proteinase during pannus invasion in human RA. Specific inhibition of MT1-MMP-dependent invasion may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for RA. |
### Instruction:
Are digital images obtained with a digital camera associated with a loss of critical information -- a preliminary study?
### Response:
| Storing existing radiographs in a digital medium for space saving purposes using a digital camera does not loose critical information.Clinical implication Clinicians can use digital cameras to digitise and store radiographic images without losing important diagnostic information. |
### Instruction:
Do medullary pain facilitating neurons mediate allodynia in headache-related pain?
### Response:
| Facial and hind-paw allodynia associated with dural stimulation is a useful surrogate of pain associated with primary headache including migraine and may be exploited mechanistically for development of novel therapeutic strategies for headache pain. The data also demonstrate the requirement for activation of descending facilitation from the RVM for the expression of cranial and extracranial cutaneous allodynia, and are consistent with a brainstem generator of allodynia associated with headache disorders. |
### Instruction:
Are polymorphisms in interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 associated with total serum IgE?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate a clear association between polymorphisms in the IRAK4 gene and serum IgE levels in patients with CRS and asthma. IRAK4 may be important in the regulation of IgE levels in patients with inflammatory diseases of the airways. |
### Instruction:
Is electronic endoscope insertion into a thoracic drainage tube a new technique in the treatment and diagnosis of pleural diseases?
### Response:
| The technique of inserting an electronic endoscope into the thoracic drainage tube for diagnosis and treatment of pleural diseases is simple, effective, minimally invasive, and cost-effective. |
### Instruction:
Does a novel endo-hydrogenase activity recycle hydrogen produced by nitrogen fixation?
### Response:
| Representative of aerobic N(2)-fixing and H(2)-recycling alpha-proteobacteria, A. caulinodans possesses two respiratory Ni,Fe-hydrogenases: HupSL exo-hydrogenase activity drives exogenous H(2) respiration, and Hyq endo-hydrogenase activity recycles endogenous H(2), specifically that produced by N(2) fixation. To benefit human civilization, H(2) has generated considerable interest as potential renewable energy source as its makings are ubiquitous and its combustion yields no greenhouse gases. As such, the reversible, group-4 Ni,Fe-hydrogenases, such as the A. caulinodans Hyq endo-hydrogenase, offer promise as biocatalytic agents for H(2) production and/or consumption. |
### Instruction:
Does eWS/ETS regulate the expression of the Dickkopf family in Ewing family tumor cells?
### Response:
| Our results suggested that DKK2 could not functionally substitute for DKK1 tumor-suppressive effect in EFT. Given the mutually exclusive expression of DKK1 and DKK2, EWS/ETS regulates the transcription of the DKK family, and the EWS/ETS-mediated DKK2 up-regulation could affect the tumorigenicity of EFT in an indirect manner. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Intravenous injection rate and site of fentanyl affect the incidence and onset time of fentanyl-induced cough ]?
### Response:
| The rate of fentanyl injection through the same peripheral venous access at the same dose may affect the incidence and onset time of cough. At the same dose and injection rate of fentanyl, forearm venous access of injection resulted in earlier onset of cough than lower limb venous access, but the incidence is similar. |
### Instruction:
Is cYP2C19 genotype associated with symptomatic recurrence of GERD during maintenance therapy with low-dose lansoprazole?
### Response:
| When the dose of lansoprazole is decreased, the RM genotype of CYP2C19 appears to be a risk factor for symptomatic recurrence of GERD. The CYP2C19 genotyping test would be useful for determining the optimal dose of a PPI for maintenance therapy of GERD. |
### Instruction:
Does co-treatment with diazepam prevent the effects of fluoxetine on the proliferation and survival of hippocampal dentate granule cells?
### Response:
| These results suggest that benzodiazepines might interfere with the clinical effects of fluoxetine or that increased neurogenesis is not a valid model for the delayed onset of the clinical antidepressant effects. |
### Instruction:
Are endometrial osteopontin mRNA expression and plasma osteopontin levels increased in patients with endometriosis?
### Response:
| Osteopontin may be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and plasma OPN may be a useful non-invasive marker for the diagnosis of endometriosis. |
### Instruction:
Are changes in endometrial natural killer cell expression of CD94 , CD158a and CD158b associated with infertility?
### Response:
| In infertile women, changes in circulating NK cell percentages are found exclusively during the secretory phase and not in endometrium; cycle-related changes in NK receptor expression are observed only in infertile endometrium. While having exciting implications for understanding NK cell function in fertility, our data emphasize the difficulty in attaching diagnostic or prognostic significance to NK cell analyses in individual patients. |
### Instruction:
Does glucose modulate event-related potential components of recollection and familiarity in healthy adolescents?
### Response:
| These findings (a) support the results of previous research that the 'glucose memory facilitation effect' can be extended to healthy adolescents, but (b) suggest that glucose enhances both the recollection and familiarity components of recognition memory. The observed ERP profile has important implications for the proposal that glucose specifically targets the hippocampus in modulating cognitive performance. |
### Instruction:
Is ability of supragingival plaque to induce toll-like receptor 4-mediated stimulation associated with cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells?
### Response:
| The production of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines by PBMCs was associated with the ability of supragingival plaque to induce TLR4-mediated stimulation. The cytokines induced by supragingival plaque via TLR4 might modulate periodontal status. |
### Instruction:
Is the multidrug resistance 1 ( MDR1 ) gene polymorphism G-rs3789243-A associated with disease susceptibility in Norwegian patients with colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer ; a case control study?
### Response:
| The MDR1 intron 3 (G-rs3789243-A) polymorphism was not associated with a risk of colorectal adenomas or carcinomas in the present Norwegian study group. Thus, this MDR1 polymorphism does not seem to play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis in this population. |
### Instruction:
Is methylation of homeobox genes a frequent and early epigenetic event in breast cancer?
### Response:
| We have identified a series of new potential methylation biomarkers that may help elucidate the underlying mechanisms of breast tumorigenesis. More specifically, our results are suggestive of a critical role of homeobox gene methylation in the insurgence and/or progression of breast cancer. |
### Instruction:
Do parents ' reports predict abnormal investigations in global developmental delay?
### Response:
| Parent's reports predict abnormal tests and indicate quantifiable differences requiring investigation. |
### Instruction:
Does stress affect carers before patient 's first visit to a memory clinic?
### Response:
| Carers of both CIND and dementia patients when attending a memory clinic for initial diagnostic assessment experience high levels of stress. Impaired function in ADL in patients is the strongest predictor of this stress. |
### Instruction:
Is baculovirus an efficient vector for the transduction of the eye : comparison of baculovirus- and adenovirus-mediated intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor D gene transfer in the rabbit eye?
### Response:
| The study suggests that baculoviruses are efficient vectors for ocular gene transfer, especially if deeper retinal layers need to be transduced. In addition, intravitreal VEGF-D gene transfer caused blood-retina barrier breakdown but not neovessel formation in the rabbit eye. |
### Instruction:
Does genome-wide profiling of histone h3 lysine 4 and lysine 27 trimethylation reveal an epigenetic signature in prostate carcinogenesis?
### Response:
| This work offers a dynamic picture of epigenetic switches in carcinogenesis and contributes to an overall understanding of coordinated regulation of gene expression in cancer. Our data indicate an H3K4me3/H3K27me3 epigenetic signature of prostate carcinogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Are polymorphisms of the scavenger receptor class B member 1 associated with insulin resistance with evidence of gene by sex interaction?
### Response:
| Our data support an association between SCARB1 variants and insulin resistance, especially in women, with evidence of significant gene by sex interaction. These findings warrant further investigation in additional populations and prompt exploration of a role for SR-BI in the development of insulin resistance. |
### Instruction:
Do progestin and thrombin regulate tissue factor expression in human term decidual cells?
### Response:
| In human term placental sections, DC-expressed TF exceeds that of other cell types at the maternal-fetal interface and is localized at the cell membranes in which it can bind to factor VII and meet the hemostatic demands of labor and delivery via thrombin formation. Unlike the general concept that TF is constitutive in cells that highly express it, MPA and thrombin significantly enhanced TF expression in term DC monolayers. |
### Instruction:
Does transfemoral snaring and stabilization of pacemaker and defibrillator lead to maintain vascular access during lead extraction?
### Response:
| Our series demonstrates the simple and safe technique of transfemoral lead snaring to assist lead extraction and maintain vascular access in the setting of venous occlusion, when the distal lead tip pulls free of the myocardium before an extraction sheath is passed beyond the point of venous obstruction. |
### Instruction:
Do the characteristics and distribution of the scar tissue predict ventricular tachycardia in patients with advanced heart failure?
### Response:
| The presence and magnitude of the nontransmural scar tissue may predict sustained VT in patients with advanced heart failure. There was the possibility that a recruitment bias was responsible for the finding of the smaller scars in the ICM patients with sustained VT. |
### Instruction:
Are bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophils correlated to natural killer cells in eosinophilic pneumonias?
### Response:
| Eosinophil inflammation seems to develop through a different pathway in EP compared to other ILDs. |
### Instruction:
Does temporary malar augmentation help with preoperative planning for a permanent procedure?
### Response:
| A temporary malar augmentation could be performed before a potentially permanent procedure, particularly when the surgeon or patient is hesitant about the aesthetic results. |
### Instruction:
Is lipoproteina ( a ) a feature of the presence , diffuseness , and severity of coronary artery disease in Saudi population?
### Response:
| Lipoprotein(a) levels are significantly higher in Saudi patients with CAD compared to healthy individuals, and are associated with more severe and diffuse blockage of the coronary vessels. |
### Instruction:
Does local delivery of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor improve facial nerve regeneration after late repair?
### Response:
| GDNF is a potent neurotrophic factor to improve facial nerve regeneration in grafts performed several months after the nerve lesion. However, GDNF should not be used for immediate repair, as it possibly inhibits the nerve regeneration. |
### Instruction:
Does sense of effort determine lower limb force production during dynamic movement in individuals with poststroke hemiparesis?
### Response:
| For both isometric and isotonic conditions hemiparetic participants relied primarily on sense of effort, rather than proprioceptive feedback, for gauging lower limb force production. This outcome indicates that sense of effort is the major factor determining force production during movements. Lower limb rehabilitation therapies should not only train strength in the paretic limb but should also train patients to recalibrate force-scaling abilities to improve function. |
### Instruction:
Does epidermal growth factor receptor activation protect gastric epithelial cells from Helicobacter pylori-induced apoptosis?
### Response:
| EGFR activation by H pylori infection has an antiapoptotic effect in gastric epithelial cells that appears to involve Akt signaling and Bcl family members. These findings provide important insights into the mechanisms of H pylori-associated tumorigenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does iGF-1 moderate the time-dependent transcriptional patterns of key homeostatic genes induced by sustained compression of bovine cartilage?
### Response:
| Sustained compression markedly altered the effects of IGF-1 on expression of genes involved in cartilage homeostasis, while IGF-1 was largely unable to moderate the transcriptional effects of compression alone. The demonstrated co-expressed gene pairings suggest a balance of anabolic and catabolic activity following simultaneous mechanical and growth factor stimuli. |
### Instruction:
Do serum matrilysin levels predict outcome in curatively resected colorectal cancer patients?
### Response:
| MMP-7 predicts recurrence in curatively resected CRC patients. |
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