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### Instruction:
Is testosterone production better preserved after 16 than 20 Gray irradiation treatment against testicular carcinoma in situ cells?
### Response:
| RT at 16 and 20 Gy seem to affect Leydig cell function differently, with 16 Gy RT better preserving testosterone levels and thus being preferred from an endocrinological point of view. |
### Instruction:
Does recovery of graft function early posttransplant determine long-term graft survival in deceased donor renal transplants?
### Response:
| Early graft function in the first 3 months showed a significant impact on long-term graft survival after deceased donor renal transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Is duration of delayed graft function an important predictor of 1-year serum creatinine?
### Response:
| We confirmed that 1-year SCr was primarily affected by well-known factors, such as AR incidence, donor age, and female recipient sex. However, we identified DGF duration as a significant factor affecting 1-year SCr. AR rate was also associated with DGF duration, which in turn depended upon longer CIT. |
### Instruction:
Is magnetic resonance imaging superior to cardiac scintigraphy to identify nonresponders to cardiac resynchronization therapy?
### Response:
| By SPECT imaging in the DCM group, severe perfusion defects, due to attenuation artifacts, were frequently observed in the LV inferior wall, resulting in the overestimation of scar tissue. CMR identified nonresponders to CRT more reliably than SPECT in patients with DCM. |
### Instruction:
Is early resuscitation with low-volume PolyDCLHb effective in the treatment of shock induced by penetrating vascular injury?
### Response:
| Early resuscitation with low-volume hemoglobin is effective in restoring tissue perfusion and improving survival in uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock. |
### Instruction:
Does volemic status influence the response of plasma atrial natriuretic factor to positive airway pressure?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate for the first time (to our knowledge) that volemic status modulates the response of plasma ANF to PEEP in humans. The role of ANF in the water and salt retention induced by MV with PEEP might be limited to hypervolemic conditions. |
### Instruction:
Is soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha elevated in sera of patients with benign ovarian neoplasms and epithelial ovarian cancer?
### Response:
| Soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha levels do not appear to differentiate between benign adnexal lesions and early malignancy; however, measurement of sIL-2R alpha levels in combination with CA125 warrants further evaluation to determine if together they will identify individuals with Stages I and II ovarian cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment attenuate adrenergic responsiveness without altering hemodynamic control in patients undergoing cardiac surgery?
### Response:
| Long-term ACE inhibitor treatment in patients with preserved left ventricular function alters neither the endocrine response nor the hemodynamic stability during cardiac surgery. However, a significantly attenuated adrenergic responsiveness associated with incomplete blockade of the plasma renin-angiotensin system supports the hypothesis that inhibition of angiotensin II generation and of bradykinin degradation within the vascular wall mediates some of the vasodilatory effects of ACE inhibitors. |
### Instruction:
Does ketamine antagonize nitric oxide release from cerebral cortex after middle cerebral artery ligation in rats?
### Response:
| These findings demonstrated that NO release induced by short-term cerebral ischemia can be attenuated by pretreatment with NMDA antagonists. |
### Instruction:
Does analysis of cumulative probabilities show that the efficacy of 5HT3 antagonist prophylaxis is not maintained?
### Response:
| We conclude that overall and complete long-term protection is more accurately measured by cumulative probabilities than with a method that is based on conditional probabilities. Our statistical approach shows that the efficacy of 5HT3 antagonists is not maintained. |
### Instruction:
Is estimation of total creatinine clearance unreliable in children on peritoneal dialysis?
### Response:
| Estimation of total CCr is unreliable in pediatric patients on PD. A simultaneous formula clearance can be used to detect which values are unreliable. |
### Instruction:
Does chest vibration redistribute intra-airway CO2 during tracheal insufflation in ventilatory failure?
### Response:
| Global gas exchange improves during ventilation by chest wall vibration with low flow insufflation. Local gas exchange in the central airways is also improved due to increased intraluminal mixing and CO2 elimination. This ventilation technique may confer therapeutic advantages over conventional mechanical ventilation in the treatment of ventilatory failure. |
### Instruction:
Does small-volume resuscitation restore hemorrhage-induced microcirculatory disorders in rat pancreas?
### Response:
| Despite replacement of only 10% of actual blood loss, small-volume resuscitation with hypertonic hydroxyethyl starch is as effective as the ten-fold volume of isotonic hydroxyethyl starch and, due to prevention of microvascular endothelial cell swelling, superior to the 40-fold volume of isotonic lactated Ringer's solution in regard to restoration of the shock-induced microcirculatory disturbances of rat pancreatic acinar tissue. |
### Instruction:
Is interleukin-6 production by rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells associated with metastatic potential but not with tumorigenicity?
### Response:
| Excess IL-6 production appears to identify cells with metastatic potential and does not appear to be essential to the establishment of a primary tumor. |
### Instruction:
Is helicobacter pylori infection the major risk factor for atrophic gastritis?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that Hp infection is a stronger predictor than advancing age for atrophic gastritis. |
### Instruction:
Are urine but not plasma nitric oxide metabolites decreased in women with preeclampsia?
### Response:
| Our study using concomitant measurement of plasma and urine nitrate and nitrite suggests a reduced production of nitric oxide in women with preeclampsia compared with normal pregnant women. |
### Instruction:
Is epithelial ovarian tumors in the reproductive age group : age an independent prognostic factor?
### Response:
| Epithelial ovarian cancer patients age 30 years or younger have a more favorable prognosis because of a higher rate of early stage, low grade tumors. Patients aged 31-40 years also show a more favorable disease profile and clinical outcome, although to a lesser extent, than the average ovarian cancer population. Age does not emerge as an independent prognostic factor for ovarian carcinoma in women younger than 40 years. |
### Instruction:
Is systemic tacrolimus ( FK 506 ) effective for the treatment of psoriasis in a double-blind , placebo-controlled study . The European FK 506 Multicentre Psoriasis Study Group?
### Response:
| Compared with placebo, tacrolimus is efficacious in the treatment of recalcitrant plaque-type psoriasis. |
### Instruction:
Do hormonal treatment for bleeding irregularities in Norplant implant users?
### Response:
| The combined pill proved to be an excellent palliative treatment and is a more practical approach because of availability at all clinic sites. |
### Instruction:
Does triiodothyronine therapy lower the incidence of atrial fibrillation after cardiac operations?
### Response:
| Perioperative T3 administration decreased the incidence and need for treatment of postoperative atrial fibrillation. |
### Instruction:
Does lateral tunnel suture line variation reduce atrial flutter after the modified Fontan operation?
### Response:
| In an acute canine model of the modified Fontan operation, conduction block imposed by the lateral tunnel suture line is an essential component of the AFL circuit. The inducibility of AFL is increased by suture line placement along the CT. Slow conduction, resulting from injury to the CT, promotes this increased inducibility. Avoidance of the CT may reduce the incidence of AFL in children undergoing the modified Fontan operation. |
### Instruction:
Does telephone-based nursing intervention improve the effectiveness of the informed consent process in cancer clinical trials?
### Response:
| The use of a supplementary, telephone-based nursing intervention is a feasible and effective means to increase cancer patients' awareness and understanding of the salient issues that surround the clinical trials in which they are asked to participate. |
### Instruction:
Do platelets from patients with diabetes mellitus have impaired ability to mediate vasodilation?
### Response:
| Platelets from patients with diabetes mellitus have an impaired ability to mediate vasodilation. This impairment appears to be mediated by high glucose concentration. Further work is needed to elucidate the mechanisms for this abnormality in diabetic platelets. |
### Instruction:
Is folate synthesized by bacteria in the human upper small intestine assimilated by the host?
### Response:
| (1) Mild bacterial overgrowth caused by atrophic gastritis and administration of omeprazole are associated with de novo folate synthesis in the lumen of the small intestine; (2) the human host absorbs and uses some of these folates; and (3) the contribution to folate nutriture from this source remains unclear. |
### Instruction:
Is attenuation of experimental hypertension by dietary linoleic acid model dependent?
### Response:
| Safflower oil has a hypotensive effect only in the two-kidney, one-clip rat on a low NaCl, but not on a high NaCl intake, and not in Dahl-S rats. Additional studies are required to identify the mechanism(s) for the hypotensive effect of safflower oil and to define the relationship of this animal study to human hypertension. |
### Instruction:
Does topical upper airway anaesthesia with lidocaine increase airway resistance by impairing glottic function?
### Response:
| Topical upper airway anaesthesia transiently increases Rrs with no specific effects regarding the drug presentation. Laryngeal dysfunction may be one mechanisms involved in Rrs increase following upper airway topical anaesthesia. Such findings may explain some poor respiratory tolerance reported during endoscopy. |
### Instruction:
Is physical aggression associated with preservation of substantia nigra pars compacta in Alzheimer disease?
### Response:
| Preservation of pigmented substantia nigra neurons may be a risk factor for physical aggression in AD. |
### Instruction:
Is day-to-day variation in iron status indexes similar for most measures in elderly women with and without rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| These findings corroborate our previous finding that variation of serum ferritin concentration in the elderly is lower than that demonstrated in younger populations. This aging effect persists in the presence of rheumatoid arthritis. Fasting appeared to improve reliability in the determinations for serum iron concentration and transferrin saturation. Variability estimates for the indexes other than serum iron concentration and transferrin saturation were not altered by the inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis. Plasma transferrin receptor level is a reliable index for assessing iron status in populations with rheumatoid arthritis. |
### Instruction:
Is the protective dose of the potent GPIIb/IIIa antagonist SC-54701A reduced when used in combination with aspirin and heparin in a canine model of coronary artery thrombosis?
### Response:
| SCa has dose-dependent antithrombotic efficacy and inhibits ex vivo platelet aggregation. ASA, heparin, or saline was ineffective in this model. SCa (0.5X) plus ASA and heparin maximized the antithrombotic effect of this lower dose of SCa. |
### Instruction:
Does lidocaine reduce reperfusion injury and neutrophil migration in canine lung allografts?
### Response:
| Our observations indicate that lidocaine reduces reperfusion injury and inhibits PMN adhesion and subsequent migration to the lung allograft. |
### Instruction:
Does early surgery improve the cure of aneurysm-induced oculomotor palsy?
### Response:
| We recommend immediate admission and acute or early surgery for aneurysm-induced third nerve palsy, preferably within 3 days, to avoid functionally and cosmetically invalidizing disability. |
### Instruction:
Do plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentrations predict survival after acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| Increased plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentrations in the early or subacute phase of myocardial infarction are a powerful noninvasive indicator of poor prognosis, possibly reflecting residual left ventricular function after myocardial infarction. |
### Instruction:
Is prostate specific antigen metabolized in the liver?
### Response:
| PSA is released from the prostate. The kidneys and lungs do not have a significant role in elimination of PSA, and the liver appears to be the most likely site of its metabolism. Although our sample size is small and the PSA range is narrow, our results strongly support these conclusions. |
### Instruction:
Is mitoxantrone effective in treating childhood T-cell lymphoma/T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia?
### Response:
| Mitoxantrone is effective in treating childhood T-cell malignancies. Its efficacy needs to be compared with the anthracyclines in a future randomized study. |
### Instruction:
Does acute exposure to carbon monoxide affect plasma lipids , lipoproteins , and apolipoproteins?
### Response:
| Acute exposure to carbon monoxide and high altitude does not affect fasting plasma lipid, lipoprotein, or apolipoprotein levels. |
### Instruction:
Does transforming growth factor beta 1 improve wound healing and random flap survival in normal and irradiated rats?
### Response:
| Transforming growth factor beta 1 improves wound healing and random FV in radiated and nonirradiated rat skin. Further study is needed to determine the radiation dose necessary to create an "impaired wound-healing model" in rats, and the optimum dose of TGF-beta 1 in this setting. |
### Instruction:
Does what explain the variation in the direct costs of graduate medical education?
### Response:
| Much of the current variation in residency costs and payments is attributable to accounting and not structural or locational factors. Institutions looking for ways to become more efficient could compare costs of training across institutions without sophisticated adjusters. Federal policymakers should consider a national payment rate per resident to replace the current system based on hospital-specific costs. This proposal would redistribute dollars across residency programs. The proposal would affect payments for direct medical education in the Medicare program and could form the basis for payment for residency education by all payers. |
### Instruction:
Does a histological comparison of 50 % and 70 % glycolic acid peel using solutions with various pHs?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that chemical peeling with a 70% free glycolic acid creates more tissue damage than a free glycolic acid. When using a 70% glycolic acid solution, the lower pH products (below pH 2) create more necrosis than the partially neutralized products with a pH above 2. At this time there is no evidence that creating necrosis leads to a more favorable result of the peel. Therefore, the use of partially neutralized glycolic acid solutions seems prudent, since they have a better safety profile than low pH solutions, which contain only free glycolic acid. |
### Instruction:
Does preoperative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for prostate specific antigen predict treatment failure following radical prostatectomy?
### Response:
| Enhanced reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for PSA is a statistically significant predictor of potential failure by pathological analysis and of disease recurrence by PSA. Longer followup data are required to define further the role of the assay in the management of patients with prostate cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is the ileal ureter neobladder associated with a high success and a low complication rate?
### Response:
| The results reveal the ileal neobladder to be an easily constructed pouch with a low complication rate, and a high success rate in regard to continence and the establishment of adequate capacity at low pressure. Within the study period upper tract preservation was excellent. However, a 10 to 15-year followup is indicated to confirm our initial results. |
### Instruction:
Does in vitro fertilization improve pregnancy rates for sperm obtained by rectal probe ejaculation?
### Response:
| Motile sperm are obtained from most men undergoing rectal probe ejaculation and pregnancy rates obtained with these sperm are improved by in vitro fertilization. |
### Instruction:
Are teratoma in the orchiectomy specimen and volume of metastasis predictors of retroperitoneal teratoma in low stage nonseminomatous testis cancer?
### Response:
| When deciding on treatment for low stage nonseminoma, the presence or absence of teratoma in the orchiectomy specimen should be considered to minimize double therapy. |
### Instruction:
Do early-onset alcoholics have lower cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels than late-onset alcoholics?
### Response:
| Among treatment-seeking alcoholics, early age at onset is generally associated with a more severe course of alcoholism and lower cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration. |
### Instruction:
Is erbB-2 expression correlated with poor prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma?
### Response:
| In 42% of the osteosarcomas, the tumor cells expressed ErbB-2. Expression of ErbB-2 was strongly correlated with early pulmonary metastasis and poor survival rate for the patient. These data suggest that ErbB-2 plays a significant role in aggressive tumor growth and in the promotion of metastatic potential in osteosarcomas. ErbB-2 in the osteosarcoma tissues would be a useful prognostic marker for patients. |
### Instruction:
Do younger women with breast carcinoma have a poorer prognosis than older women?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that women 40 years of age and younger have a worse 5CSS than their older counterparts. This difference in survival is not solely a reflection of more advanced disease but may reflect differences in tumor biology. |
### Instruction:
Does polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine prevent stricture formation in a rat model of colitis?
### Response:
| Oral supplementation with polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine prevents the accumulation of collagen in inflamed intestinal tissue and the formation of strictures. This effect is associated with an enhanced collagen catabolism. |
### Instruction:
Does lysophosphatidylcholine increase 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase gene expression in CaCo-2 cells?
### Response:
| Lysophosphatidylcholine increased cholesterol synthesis by increasing the expression of HMG-CoA reductase at the level of the gene and protein. Efflux of cellular cholesterol and the need to replace this lost cholesterol account for the observed changes in cholesterol metabolism. |
### Instruction:
Do tumor necrosis factor microsatellites define a Crohn 's disease-associated haplotype on chromosome 6?
### Response:
| The TNFa2b1c2d4e1 allelic combination is the strongest genetic risk factor described in CD and, with HLA class II alleles, defines a group of markers on chromosome 6 that extends from HLA class II to upstream of the TNF-beta gene. |
### Instruction:
Is stellate ganglion block associated with increased tibial nerve muscle sympathetic activity in humans?
### Response:
| Tibial nerve MSNA increased during left stellate ganglion block with mepivacaine. |
### Instruction:
Does lidocaine attenuate the hypotensive and inflammatory responses to endotoxemia in rabbits?
### Response:
| Lidocaine attenuated the hemodynamic and inflammatory responses to endotoxemia in rabbits. Findings suggest that lidocaine administration may prevent the development of hypotension and metabolic acidosis during endotoxemia. |
### Instruction:
Is risk of primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with nonsmoking behavior?
### Response:
| Smoking but not previous appendectomy is associated with decreased risk of PSC. |
### Instruction:
Does keratinocyte growth factor ameliorate mucosal injury in an experimental model of colitis in rats?
### Response:
| Exogenous KGF has a key role in mucosal healing in an experimental model of colitis in rats. |
### Instruction:
Is epirubicin , cisplatin , and continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil an active and safe regimen for patients with advanced gastric cancer . An Italian Group for the Study of Digestive Tract Cancer ( GISCAD ) report?
### Response:
| This study found that the ECF regimen is substantially active in treating patients with advanced gastric cancer and has a favorable pattern of toxicity. This schedule clearly deserves randomized comparative trials for palliation of metastatic disease and for adjuvant purposes. |
### Instruction:
Does the glycosylation profile of interleukin-2 activated human lymphocytes correlate to their anti-tumor activity?
### Response:
| The conclusion is drawn that there is a clear correlation between the glycosylation of LAK cell glycoproteins and their anti-tumour activity which points to the involvement of cell surface glycoconjugates in the development of LAK activity. |
### Instruction:
Does diltiazem enhance the effects of triazolam by inhibiting its metabolism?
### Response:
| Diltiazem has a clinically significant interaction with oral triazolam. The data is highly suggestive that diltiazem inhibits the metabolism of triazolam during the first-pass and elimination phases. Prescription of triazolam should be avoided if a patient is using diltiazem or other potent inhibitors of CYP3A. |
### Instruction:
Does the Malone antegrade colonic enema enhance the quality of life in children undergoing urological incontinence procedures?
### Response:
| The antegrade colonic enema procedure is easily performed and it should be considered for any child with significant physical limitations and/or refractory fecal incontinence before urological continence promoting procedures are done. |
### Instruction:
Are urinary nitric oxide synthase activity and cyclic GMP levels decreased with interstitial cystitis and increased with urinary tract infections?
### Response:
| Regulation of urinary NOS activity with subsequent changes in nitric oxide and cyclic GMP may be an important determinant of symptoms and immunologic responses to UTIs and IC. |
### Instruction:
Is weight change between age 50 years and old age associated with risk of hip fracture in white women aged 67 years and older?
### Response:
| Weight history is an important determinant of the risk of hip fracture. Weight loss beginning at age 50 years increases the risk of hip fracture in older white women, especially among those who are thin at age 50 years; weight gain of 10% or more decreases the risk of hip fracture. Physicians should include weight history in their assessment of postmenopausal older women for risk of hip fracture. |
### Instruction:
Does systemic treatment in the rat with epidermal growth factor cause polycystic growth of the ovaries?
### Response:
| EGF administration causes the follicular cells to produce cysts and increases the quantity of luteinizing cells. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Initial experiences with dilatation of dialysis shunt with color-coded duplex ultrasonography monitoring ]?
### Response:
| PTA guided by colour coded duplex sonography is an alternative to DSA guided interventions of superficial vessels without x-ray exposure or contrast agent application. |
### Instruction:
Is estrogen receptor expression a common feature of ovarian borderline tumors?
### Response:
| ER expression is a common feature of SBT and MMBT, but not MIBT. The relevance of ER expression in the pathogenesis and treatment of OBTs requires further investigation. |
### Instruction:
Are patterns and behavior of transient myocardial ischemia in stable coronary disease the same in both men and women : a comparative study?
### Response:
| Women with coronary artery disease have a pattern of ischemic activity and underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms very similar to men. The importance of increase in myocardial oxygen demand in the genesis of ischemia in both men and women is reflected by similar magnitude of heart rate increases before ischemia. The lower ischemic threshold during the nocturnal hours, when blood pressure is also lower, is consistent with a circadian variation in underlying coronary vascular tone. |
### Instruction:
Does aminoguanidine prevent the decreased myocardial compliance produced by streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that diabetes mellitus can produce a stiff myocardium before the development of myocardial fibrosis. The stiff myocardium in the early stages of the development of the cardiomyopathy of diabetes mellitus is not a consequence of an increase in ventricular resistance afterload and in these circumstances is associated with the formation of collagen AGEs. |
### Instruction:
Does magnetic resonance imaging correlate of transient cerebral ischemic attacks?
### Response:
| More than two thirds of TIA patients showed no associated brain lesion even when MRI and contrast material were used, but the overall frequency of ischemic damage was high. TIA-related infarcts on MRI were mostly small and limited to the cortex and tended to consist of multiple lesions. A positive MRI underscores the need for comprehensive diagnostic workup since evidence of infarction appears to be associated with a higher frequency of significant vascular or cardiac disorders. |
### Instruction:
Does the synthetic phosphagen cyclocreatine phosphate inhibit the growth of a broad spectrum of solid tumors?
### Response:
| The observation that only high-CK cell lines were responsive to CCrP, similar to CCr, indicates that the enzyme requirement was not bypassed. We propose that CK is a target for CCrP, and is involved in mediating its antiproliferative activity. |
### Instruction:
Does analysis of RET protooncogene point mutations distinguish heritable from nonheritable medullary thyroid carcinomas?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that (1) the molecular methods are not only suitable to identify asymptomatic individuals at risk for MEN 2A, FMTC, and MEN 2B but also to distinguish heritable from nonheritable MTCs using archival tissue specimens, and (2) that more MTCs than clinically expected are heritable, indicating the need for genetic analysis of all patients with MTC. |
### Instruction:
Does seminal plasma of spinal cord injured men inhibit sperm motility of normal men?
### Response:
| Seminal plasma of spinal cord injured men contributes to poor sperm motility. |
### Instruction:
Is olsalazine contraindicated during pelvic radiation therapy : results of a double-blind , randomized clinical trial?
### Response:
| Administration of olsalazine during pelvic radiation therapy resulted in an increased incidence and severity of diarrhea. Olsalazine is contraindicated in patients receiving pelvic radiation therapy. |
### Instruction:
Is pseudocholinesterase-mediated hydrolysis superior to neostigmine for reversal of mivacurium-induced paralysis in vitro?
### Response:
| Human plasma cholinesterase will reverse mivacurium more effectively than bovine pseudocholinesterase, but both will effectively reverse succinylcholine. Acetylcholinesterase has no effects on either relaxant. The anticholinesterase neostigmine was an incomplete reversal drug. Pharmacologic concentrations of anticholinesterases do, while clinical or therapeutic concentrations do not, completely inhibit the metabolic activity of pseudocholinesterases. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of the biologic activity of tumor necrosis factor maintain vascular endothelial cell function during hyperdynamic sepsis?
### Response:
| Since administration of PEG-(rsTNF-R1)2 maintains vascular endothelial cell structure and function, it can be concluded that TNF plays a pivotal role in producing endothelial dysfunction during sepsis. Thus, pharmacologic agents that inhibit TNF biologic activity and/or its production may be useful for protecting endothelial cells during sepsis. |
### Instruction:
Does neither dopamine nor dobutamine reverse the depression in mesenteric blood flow caused by positive end-expiratory pressure?
### Response:
| It is clear that inotropes are not a replacement for adequate fluid loading to correct the depression in cardiac output and mesenteric blood flow associated with the use of mechanical ventilation and PEEP. Low-dose dopamine may serve as an adjunct to adequate fluid resuscitation to improve MBF. |
### Instruction:
Does practice setting and physician influence on judgments of colon cancer treatment by community physicians?
### Response:
| Physician and practice setting characteristics, including organized structures such as the CCOP, are possible mediating structures that can facilitate dissemination of standards of treatment. |
### Instruction:
Is sialosyl Tn antigen expression associated with the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer?
### Response:
| These results suggest that STN may be a useful marker associated with the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does chair design affect how older adults rise from a chair?
### Response:
| Aspects of chair design such as lowered seat height, increased posterior seat tilt, increased back recline, and increased compressibility interfere with chair egress in older adults. While decreasing ease of egress, however, these same factors may increase seating comfort. Furniture designers and manufacturers must find a balance between degree of sitting comfort, ease of egress and the degree to which the seating device facilitates functional independence, particularly to meet the needs of disable older adults. |
### Instruction:
Does iced temperature injectate for thermodilution cardiac output determination cause minimal effects on cardiodynamics?
### Response:
| Iced temperature injectate used in clinically relevant volumes causes transient negative chronotropic effects, but reservations regarding other perturbations of cardiodynamics are unfounded. Thus, the use of iced temperature injectate for cardiac output determination is still a viable alternative to room temperature injectate use, especially when a larger signal/noise ratio is required. |
### Instruction:
Is [ A single positive prostatic biopsy out of six systematic biopsies correlated with the intracapsular nature of the tumor on an individual level ]?
### Response:
| A single positive prostatic biopsy out of six systematic biopsies is a useful predictive factor of local extension, but, in the individual patient, does not guarantee favourable histopathological characteristics of the tumour, nor a favourable course of the disease. |
### Instruction:
Does systemic endothelin receptor blockade decrease peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure in humans?
### Response:
| The endothelin ETA/B receptor antagonist TAK-044 decreases peripheral vascular resistance and, to a lesser extent, blood pressure; increases circulating endothelin concentrations; and blocks forearm vasoconstriction to exogenous endothelin-1. These results suggest that endogenous generation of endothelin-1 plays a fundamental physiological role in maintenance of peripheral vascular tone and blood pressure. The vasodilator properties of endothelin receptor antagonists may prove valuable therapeutically. |
### Instruction:
Does etoposide achieve potentially cytotoxic concentrations in CSF of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia?
### Response:
| Because etoposide concentrations as low as 10 nmol/L may be cytotoxic in vitro, prolonged daily oral low-dose (50 mg/m2) or conventional i.v. doses of etoposide may contribute to successful CNS-directed therapy in children with ALL. |
### Instruction:
Does extent of oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein determine the degree of cytotoxicity to human coronary artery cells?
### Response:
| The extent of oxidation of LDL determined its cytotoxicity to coronary artery cells. Native LDL had no cytotoxic effect. In contrast, oxLDL and to a lesser extent mmLDL caused cytotoxicity at concentrations to which cells in vivo might be exposed. This may contribute to the atherogenicity of modified LDL by enhancing cellular injury and inflammation, and by inhibiting re-endothelialisation of areas of coronary artery damaged during the atherogenic process. |
### Instruction:
Is cA-125 elevated in viable pregnancies destined to be miscarried : a prospective longitudinal study?
### Response:
| CA-125 may serve as an accurate predictor of the outcome in early pregnancies with demonstrable fetal heartbeat, which are complicated by bleeding. |
### Instruction:
Does intensity of murmurs correlate with severity of valvular regurgitation?
### Response:
| Murmur intensity correlates well with the degree of chronic organic aortic and mitral regurgitation, and can be used as a predictor of regurgitation severity and as a simple guideline for diagnostic testing in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Does hypertonic saline improve brain resuscitation in a pediatric model of head injury and hemorrhagic shock?
### Response:
| In our model of head injury and shock, resuscitation with either HTS or LR restored MAP and CO to control levels. However, during shock, the injured brain was severely deoxygenated, and administration of HTS restored cerebral oxygenation whereas LR did not, reflecting improved cerebral resuscitation by HTS without elevating ICP. The data suggest that HTS is a better resuscitation fluid than LR in head-injured children with hemorrhagic shock. |
### Instruction:
Is reactivity to alpha agonists heightened in immature porcine pulmonary arteries?
### Response:
| These data may explain perioperative pulmonary vasoconstriction in pediatric patients. |
### Instruction:
Is tumorigenic behaviour of c-Ha-ras oncogene transfected CaCo 2 cells associated with increased proteolytic potency?
### Response:
| These data demonstrate that the highly increased tumorigenic capacity of c Ha-ras oncogene-transfected CaCo 2 cells is associated with an enchanced proteolytic capacity. |
### Instruction:
Is five-day course of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with prolonged neutropenia after adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer a safe and cost-effective schedule to maintain dose-intensity?
### Response:
| A 5-day course of G-CSF in patients with prior chemotherapy delays due to prolonged neutropenia seems to be a safe and cost-effective schedule to maintain CMF or doxorubicin-CMF dose-intensity in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does p53 and bcl-2 expression correlate with clinical outcome in a series of node-positive breast cancer patients?
### Response:
| p53 expression appears to be indicative of clinical outcome in postmenopausal patients treated with tamoxifen. Whether p53 overexpression and weak bcl-2 expression are indicators of biologic aggressiveness, regardless of treatment, or of hormone resistance remains to be defined. |
### Instruction:
Do volatile anesthetics selectively inhibit the Ca ( 2+ ) -transporting ATPase in neuronal and erythrocyte plasma membranes?
### Response:
| The findings demonstrate analogous response of the PMCA of neuronal and erythrocyte cells to two groups of general anesthetics. The PMCA activity is selectively inhibited by volatile anesthetics at their clinical concentrations. The enzyme in vivo may then be a pharmacologic target for volatile anesthetics but not for barbiturates. |
### Instruction:
Is endothelial cell proliferation suppressed by plasma but not serum from women with preeclampsia?
### Response:
| These results confirm that there is a blood-borne endothelial cell suppressive factor in preeclampsia that may be derived from the placenta. |
### Instruction:
Does prostaglandin E2 content in residual gastric juice reflect endoscopic damage to the gastric mucosa after naproxen sodium administration?
### Response:
| PGE2 measurement in residual gastric juice, aspirated before and after nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug treatment, may be useful in monitoring mucosal damage and may identify patients who are likely to develop endoscopic mucosal changes. |
### Instruction:
Is microvessel density a prognostic indicator for patients with astroglial brain tumors?
### Response:
| These findings support the importance of microvessel density as a prognostic indicator of postoperative survival of patients with astroglial brain tumors. Regional tumor heterogeneity may limit the use of these techniques for routine pathologic examination. |
### Instruction:
Does rapid ventricular pacing produce myocardial protection by nonischemic activation of KATP+ channels?
### Response:
| Rapid ventricular pacing protects the myocardium against infarction via nonischemic KATP+ channel activation. Continued activation of KATP+ channels does not appear mandatory for the protection that is still present 15 minutes after cessation of pacing. |
### Instruction:
Does basic fibroblast growth factor restore endothelium-dependent responses after balloon injury of rabbit arteries?
### Response:
| Systemic administration of bFGF restores, in large part, the responses of previously denuded arterial segments to endothelium-dependent vasodilators. Angiogenic growth factors may help to reestablish normal endothelial cell function in patients who have undergone angioplasty. |
### Instruction:
Does overexpression or mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene occur in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors?
### Response:
| Alterations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene may not be associated with the pathogenesis of ovarian germ cell tumors. Instead, genetic changes such as inactivation of other tumor suppressor genes and/or activation of some protooncogenes need to be studied to determine the genetic mechanisms of the tumor development. |
### Instruction:
Is nitric oxide involved in flow-induced dilation of isolated human small fetoplacental arteries?
### Response:
| The data substantiate previous indirect studies suggesting that nitric oxide plays a role in the fetoplacental circulation. Flow-induced nitric oxide release in the stem villous arteries may make an important contribution to maintenance of this low-resistance circulation. |
### Instruction:
Does cellular proliferative fraction of metastatic lymph nodes predict survival in stage D1 ( TxN+M0 ) prostate cancer?
### Response:
| Cellular proliferative fraction of lymphatic metastases is useful to predict survival in patients with stage D1 prostatic carcinoma. Proliferative fraction may be useful as a marker of progression among patients with other stages of disease. |
### Instruction:
Is black race an adverse prognostic factor for prostate cancer recurrence following radical prostatectomy in an equal access health care setting?
### Response:
| The poorer recurrence-free outcome for black patients even after multivariate adjustment suggests a potentially more aggressive variant of prostate cancer in this population, the etiology of which is unknown. Race should be a stratification factor in clinical trials, especially those including radical prostatectomy and using recurrence-free outcome as an end point. |
### Instruction:
Are p53 immunohistochemical and genetic alterations associated at high incidence with post-irradiated locally persistent prostate carcinoma?
### Response:
| p53 Alteration in localized prostatic carcinoma is uncommon. Our study confirms others in that even aggressive locally advanced nonirradiated primaries (stage TxN+MO) contain only 20% incidence of p53 alterations. However, our study demonstrates that p53 alterations are found in the preponderant majority of post-radiation locally recurrent prostatic carcinoma specimens. Limited evaluation of pretreatment prostatic carcinoma biopsies uniformly documented the presence of p53 alterations before ionizing radiation, thereby demonstrating that p53 alteration was already present and was not radiation-induced or only correlated with late stage disease. This finding suggests a potential for p53 immunoreactivity to be used as a pretreatment marker that might predict local treatment failure with ionizing radiation. Large scale prospective trials would appear warranted to evaluate conclusively the potential prognostic applicability of p53 pre-screening before enrollment in definitive radiotherapy. |
### Instruction:
Does tirilazad protect rat brain from brachytherapy-induced injury?
### Response:
| In the present model, Tirilazad failed to reduce the volume of radiation brain injury from brachytherapy as seen on MRI, studied acutely in tumor-bearing and non-tumor-bearing animals and also at 3 months in non-tumor-bearing rats. |
### Instruction:
Do pontine cholinergic mechanisms modulate the cortical electroencephalographic spindles of halothane anesthesia?
### Response:
| Laterodorsal and pedunculopontine tegmental neurons, which provide cholinergic input to the mPRF, play a causal role in generating the EEG spindles of halothane anesthesia. |
### Instruction:
Is prognosis in posttraumatic acute renal failure adversely influenced by hypotension and hyperkalaemia?
### Response:
| Clinicians should be aware of the risks of hypotension and hyperkalaemia in injured patients. Preventive measures such as aggressive resuscitation and timely correction of serum electrolyte concentrations are essential in such patients. |
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