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### Instruction:
Does prevalence and correlate of personality disorder in Great Britain?
### Response:
| Personality disorder is common in the community, especially in urban areas. Services are normally restricted to symptomatic, help-seeking individuals, but a vulnerable group with cluster B disorders can be identified early, are in care during childhood and enter the criminal justice system when young. This suggests the need for preventive interventions at the public mental health level. |
### Instruction:
Does novel cryoprotectant significantly improve the post-thaw recovery and quality of HSC from CB?
### Response:
| These results suggest that improved HSC recovery, viability and functionality can be obtained using CryoStor with 10% DMSO and that similar if not better numbers can be obtained with 5% DMSO compared with dextran-40 with 10% DMSO. |
### Instruction:
Does leukotriene D4 enhance immunoglobulin production in CD40-activated human B lymphocytes?
### Response:
| We have demonstrated that expression of CysLT1 can be upregulated in B lymphocytes after stimulation with CD154, with consequent increased responsiveness of the cells to LTD4 in terms of immunoglobulin production. |
### Instruction:
Is levocetirizine an effective treatment in patients suffering from chronic idiopathic urticaria : a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel , multicenter study?
### Response:
| Levocetirizine, 5 mg once daily, is an effective treatment for CIU, characterized not only by a rapid and sustained response, but also by an important improvement in QoL. |
### Instruction:
Does coadministration of esomeprazole with fosamprenavir have no impact on steady-state plasma amprenavir pharmacokinetics?
### Response:
| FPV 1400 mg bid or FPV 700 mg bid + RTV 100 mg bid may be coadministered simultaneously with ESO without dose adjustment. However, the impact of staggered administration of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) on plasma amprenavir exposure is unknown at present. |
### Instruction:
Does patient 's ethnicity influence utilization of effective therapies in rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| In a national sample of patients with RA, most of whom were insured, the length of time from diagnosis of RA to initiation of the first biological agent was not significantly different among Whites, African Americans, and Hispanics. |
### Instruction:
Is hematoma growth a determinant of mortality and poor outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage?
### Response:
| Hematoma growth is an independent determinant of both mortality and functional outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage. Attenuation of growth is an important therapeutic strategy. |
### Instruction:
Are lKB1 exonic and whole gene deletions a common cause of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?
### Response:
| These results lessen the possibility of a second PJS locus, as the detection rate of germline mutations in PJS patients was about 80% (59/76). It is suggested that MLPA, or a suitable alternative, should be used for routine genetic testing of PJS patients in clinical practice. |
### Instruction:
Is electronegative low-density lipoprotein subfraction from type 2 diabetic subjects proatherogenic and unrelated to glycemic control?
### Response:
| These results suggest that, although nonenzymatic glycosylation and oxidation are increased in type 2 diabetes, these features would not be directly involved in the generation of LDL(-). Moreover, LDL(-) properties suggest that the high proportion observed in plasma could promote accelerated atherosclerosis in DM2 patients through increased residence time in plasma and induction of inflammatory responses in artery wall cells. |
### Instruction:
Is metal-specific lymphocyte reactivity downregulated after dental metal replacement?
### Response:
| Replacement of incompatible dental materials resulted in down-regulation of metal-induced lymphocyte sensitivity in vitro, as well as in the improvement of health status of majority of patients with unspecific CFS-like symptoms. |
### Instruction:
Does 18F-FDG PET reduce unnecessary hemithyroidectomies for thyroid nodules with inconclusive cytologic results?
### Response:
| In addition to data in the literature demonstrating accurate detection of thyroid cancer by (18)F-FDG PET, this study showed that (18)F-FDG PET should play an important role in the management of patients with inconclusive cytologic diagnosis of a thyroid nodule. (18)F-FDG PET reduced the number of futile hemithyroidectomies by 66%. Although PET is a relatively costly procedure, this cost outweighs the costs and risks associated with unnecessary thyroid surgery. |
### Instruction:
Is high radical prostatectomy surgical volume related to lower radical prostatectomy total hospital charges?
### Response:
| Redistribution of RPs from low to high SV users could result in significant savings. For example, 4 million dollars could be saved if 1000 RPs were redistributed from surgeons with an SV of 18 to surgeons with an SV of 200. |
### Instruction:
Is polynocturia in chronic kidney disease related to natriuresis rather than to water diuresis?
### Response:
| As renal function deteriorated, nocturnal polyuria was seen, being consistent with classical recognition. Furthermore, this increase in nocturnal urine volume seemed related to osmotic diuresis mainly by natriuresis rather than to water diuresis or urea excretion. |
### Instruction:
Do catheter lock solutions influence staphylococcal biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces?
### Response:
| This in vitro study demonstrates that heparin alternatives, sodium citrate and sodium EDTA, can prevent the formation of S. aureus biofilms, suggesting that they may reduce the risk of biofilm-associated complications in indwelling catheters. This finding suggests a biological mechanism for the observed improvement in catheter-related outcomes in recent clinical comparisons of heparin and trisodium citrate as catheter locking solutions. A novel and potential clinically relevant finding of the present study is the observation that citrate at low levels strongly stimulates biofilm formation by S. aureus. |
### Instruction:
Is 5-aminosalicylate therapy associated with higher 6-thioguanine levels in adults and children with inflammatory bowel disease in remission on 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine?
### Response:
| We found that 5-ASA therapy is associated with higher 6-TGn levels in children and adults with IBD on 6-MP/AZA. TPMT inhibition may not explain this effect because 5-ASA exposure did not affect 6-MMP levels. The observed association of CD with higher 6-TGn levels is novel and needs to be verified in prospective studies. |
### Instruction:
Does intra-arterial papaverine used to treat cerebral vasospasm reduce brain oxygen?
### Response:
| IAP infusion to treat cerebral vasospasm following SAH can increase ICP and reduce BtO2. The IAP-induced reduction in BtO2 may help explain why IAP, although it reverses arterial narrowing, does not improve patient outcome. |
### Instruction:
Are n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V and beta1-6 branching N-linked oligosaccharides associated with good prognosis of patients with bladder cancer?
### Response:
| GnT-V and its resultant beta1-6 branching N-linked oligosaccharides are closely related to low malignant potential and good prognosis of the patients with bladder cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is bcl-2 a prognostic marker in breast cancer independently of the Nottingham Prognostic Index?
### Response:
| Bcl-2 is an independent predictor of breast cancer outcome and seems to be useful as a prognostic adjunct to the NPI, particularly in the first 5 years after diagnosis. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of KLF5 a prognostic factor for disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with breast cancer?
### Response:
| The gene expression of KLF5 is directly correlated with cell proliferation in vivo and is a prognostic factor for patients with breast cancer. Patients with higher KLF5 expression have shorter disease-free survival and overall survival than patients with lower KLF5 expression. In addition, KLF5 has higher expression in patients ages </=50 years old than in patients >50 years old. |
### Instruction:
Is hLA predictive of posttransplant diabetes mellitus?
### Response:
| PTDM was not associated statistically with the HLA in this group of transplant recipients, although A3 and DR3 were higher. Patients with the phenotype that is related to diabetes in the normal population did not have a higher incidence of diabetes in this series. |
### Instruction:
Is plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 expressed in different types of congenital ichthyosis : in vivo evidence for its cross-linking into the cornified cell envelope by transglutaminase-1?
### Response:
| We provide in vivo evidence that PAI-2 is a substrate of TGase-1. The normal expression of PAI-2 in a large group of TGase-1-proficient LI/NCIE patients makes it rather unlikely that PAI-2 alone is a primary molecular cause of LI/NCIE. |
### Instruction:
Is increased pulse wave velocity associated with low creatinine clearance and proteinuria in a screened cohort?
### Response:
| Arterial stiffness increases with a decrease in renal function or with proteinuria independently of other risk factors. |
### Instruction:
Are the mitogen-activated protein kinases and Akt developmentally regulated in the chronically anemic fetal sheep heart?
### Response:
| These results identify important developmental differences in the response of the MAPKs and Akt in the stressed fetal heart. Differences in protein-to-DNA ratios likely reflect the different populations of cardiomyocytes composing the fetal heart at these two GAs and their cell-dependent response to a hemodynamic load. |
### Instruction:
Does retinal function in rabbits improve 4-5 months after terminating treatment with vigabatrin?
### Response:
| Four to five months after terminating treatment with vigabatrin the rabbit full-field ERG remains reduced in isolated cone b-wave amplitude indicating that vigabatrin induced retinal dysfunction may be irreversible. However, immunohistology is normal after a period without treatment, implying that the previously described changes in retinal morphology and glial cell activity are reversible, and probably exist only during treatment. |
### Instruction:
Is toll-like receptor-4 message up-regulated in lipopolysaccharide-exposed rat lung pericytes?
### Response:
| The up-regulation of TLR-4 in the presence of increasing LPS suggests its importance in pericyte LPS-induced activation. Pericyte TLR-4 recognition of LPS could play a role in capillary leak seen in sepsis. These data also demonstrates that pericytes, once thought to be passive participants in the inflammatory cascade, may be active members. |
### Instruction:
Are dNAH5 mutations a common cause of primary ciliary dyskinesia with outer dynein arm defects?
### Response:
| DNAH5 is frequently mutated in patients with PCD exhibiting outer dynein arm defects and mutations cluster in five exons. |
### Instruction:
Does dobutamine improve liver function after hemorrhagic shock through induction of heme oxygenase-1?
### Response:
| These results suggest a beta(1)-adrenoceptor-dependent hepatic up-regulation of HO-1 and a better maintained hepatocellular function after hemorrhagic shock in animals pretreated with dobutamine. The improved hepatocellular function may be in part mediated by carbon monoxide because of up-regulation of HO-1. Pretreatment with dobutamine might be a potential means of pharmacologic preconditioning before ischemia-reperfusion of the liver. |
### Instruction:
Does noninvasive ventilation improve preoxygenation before intubation of hypoxic patients?
### Response:
| For the intubation of hypoxemic patients, preoxygenation using NIV is more effective at reducing arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturation than the usual method. |
### Instruction:
Is coronary plaque composition of nonculprit lesions , assessed by in vivo intracoronary ultrasound radio frequency data analysis , related to clinical presentation?
### Response:
| In this study, plaque characterization of nonculprit vessels using spectral analysis of IVUS RF data analysis was significantly related to clinical presentation. Percentage of lipid core, a feature related to acute coronary events and worse prognosis, was significantly larger in patients with ACS. Conversely, stable patients showed more fibrotic content. |
### Instruction:
Is notch-1 down-regulation by curcumin associated with the inhibition of cell growth and the induction of apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells?
### Response:
| The current results provide the first demonstration to the authors' knowledge that the Notch-1 signaling pathway is associated mechanistically with NF-kappaB activity during curcumin-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis of pancreatic cells. These results suggest that the down-regulation of Notch signaling by curcumin may be a novel strategy for the treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is liver failure uncommon in adults receiving long-term parenteral nutrition?
### Response:
| When long-term PN is given with a modest amount of total energy and a minimal amount of lipid emulsion, abnormal liver enzymes are common, but severe liver dysfunction is unusual. |
### Instruction:
Are retinal adaptation responses revealed by global flash multifocal electroretinogram dependent on the degree of myopic refractive error?
### Response:
| Global flash mfERG responses of emmetropes and myopes were not found to be significantly different. The measured retinal adaptation response however varied according to the degree of myopia. We hypothesize that dopamine, a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in retinal adaptation and is known to be reduced in myopic eyes, may be involved in the retinal adaptation effect observed. |
### Instruction:
Is transcerebral platelet activation after aortic cross-clamp release linked to neurocognitive decline?
### Response:
| Transient intracerebral platelet activation after removal of the aortic cross-clamp is associated with post-CPB neurocognitive injury. |
### Instruction:
Is transfusion in coronary artery bypass grafting associated with reduced long-term survival?
### Response:
| Perioperative PRBC transfusion is associated with adverse long-term sequela in isolated CABG. Attention should be directed toward blood conservation methods and a more judicious use of PRBC. |
### Instruction:
Are soluble CD40L levels regulated by the -3459 A > G polymorphism and predict myocardial infarction and the efficacy of antithrombotic treatment in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome?
### Response:
| We identified a SNP in the CD40LG gene as a novel regulator of sCD40L plasma concentrations. Soluble CD40L levels above median reflect a prothrombotic state, which can be managed with the use of intense anti-thrombotic treatments. |
### Instruction:
Is linear pattern of West Nile virus-associated chorioretinitis related to retinal nerve fibres organization?
### Response:
| Results of our study show that the linear pattern of WNV-associated chorioretinitis is related to retinal nerve fibres organization, suggesting a contiguous spread of WNV virus from central nerve system via the optic nerve fibres to the outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid. |
### Instruction:
Are cannabis-induced psychosis-like experiences associated with high schizotypy?
### Response:
| High scoring schizotypes who use cannabis are more likely to experience psychosis-like phenomena at the time of use, and unpleasant after-effects. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that cannabis use is a risk factor for full psychosis in this group. |
### Instruction:
Is conventional MRI inadequate to delineate the relationship between the red nucleus and subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson 's disease?
### Response:
| Although recent studies imply that the RN can be used as a relatively consistent marker for the position of the STN, the present data suggest otherwise. These data indicate that a single targeting method may be inadequate given the resolution of conventional MRI, and that it is imperative to use multiple anatomical measurements when targeting the STN for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease. |
### Instruction:
Do xanthine oxidase-derived free radicals directly activate rat pancreatic stellate cells?
### Response:
| These results suggest that free radicals generated by XOD might directly activate PSC. |
### Instruction:
Is abnormal gastroesophageal flap valve highly associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease among subjects undergoing routine endoscopy in Taiwan?
### Response:
| Taiwanese patients with abnormal GEFVs share similar characteristics and risk factors with the patients who have EE. Endoscopic grading of the GEFV is highly associated with GERD, and in particular EE, in subjects undergoing routine endoscopy. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Resveratrol induce HepG2 cell apoptosis by depolarizing mitochondrial membrane ]?
### Response:
| Resveratrol is capable of inhibiting the proliferation of HepG2 cells and inducing cell apoptosis by depolarizing mitochondrial membrane potential. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Microcystin-LR induce apoptosis in L-02 cell line ]?
### Response:
| MCLR can induce apoptosis and up-regulate p53 and bcl-2 expressions in human normal liver cell line L-02. |
### Instruction:
Does automated external defibrillator program impair cardiopulmonary resuscitation initiation in the public access defibrillation trial?
### Response:
| In the Public Access Defibrillation Trial, rates of CPR actions for presumed OOH-CA victims were low but similar for CPR and CPR+AED responding volunteer rescuers. Factors associated with volunteer response, CPR action initiation, and AED activation warrant further investigation. |
### Instruction:
Does enhancement of NKT cells and increase in regulatory T cells result in improved allograft survival?
### Response:
| In our model it appears that a subtherapeutic dose of FK506 enhanced the tolerizing effect of NKT cells induced by oral tolerance, prolonging allograft survival by generating CD25+CD4+ CTLA4 T cells. This appears to be an excellent in vivo model to generate regulatory T cells to allospecific transplant antigens. |
### Instruction:
Do beta1 and beta3 integrins cooperate to induce syndecan-4-containing cross-linked actin networks in human trabecular meshwork cells?
### Response:
| CLANs are unique actin-branched networks whose formation can be regulated by beta1 and beta3 integrin signaling pathways. Thus, integrin-mediated signaling events can modulate the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in TM cells and hence could participate in regulating cytoskeletal events previously demonstrated to be involved in controlling outflow facility. |
### Instruction:
Does epigenetic modification of the X chromosome influence susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome?
### Response:
| This study provides evidence to refute the null hypothesis and propose a closer inspection of X-linked genes in PCOS, one in which both genotype and epigenotype are considered. Environmental determinants of PCOS may alter clinical presentation via epigenetic modifications, which currently remain undetected in traditional genetic analyses. |
### Instruction:
Does neurovascular transfer cause skeletal muscle fiber degeneration?
### Response:
| After neurovascular muscle transfer (with ischemia times up to 3 hours), ischemia-induced muscle fiber degeneration and regeneration does not occur. Muscle fiber degeneration is not responsible for the force deficits observed after microneurovascular skeletal muscle transfer. |
### Instruction:
Is fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration increased in asbestosis and pleural plaques?
### Response:
| FENO is raised in asbestosis consistent with lung inflammation, and also in pleural plaques. |
### Instruction:
Does doxazosin induce activation of GADD153 and cleavage of focal adhesion kinase in cardiomyocytes en route to apoptosis?
### Response:
| Doxazosin induces the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes via the ER pathway, with increased production of C/EBP beta, GADD153 and DOC-1. Likewise it increases phosphorylation of the GADD153 activator p38 MAPK and induces first the phosphorylation, and then the cleavage, of FAK. These effects are not mediated by alpha 1-adrenoreceptors. |
### Instruction:
Do angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors modulate the rate of progression of amnestic mild cognitive impairment?
### Response:
| Older age, higher education, poor global cognitive performance, higher levels of plasma total homocysteine are independently associated with the progression of memory decline while the prescription of ACE Inhibitors is a protective factor for cognitive deterioration. |
### Instruction:
Is fractional calcium absorption increased in girls with Rett syndrome?
### Response:
| Fractional Ca absorption showed a compensatory increase in the presence of adequate dietary Ca intakes, mild hypercalcuria, and pronounced bone mineral deficits in RTT girls. Whether supplemental dietary Ca could enhance fractional Ca absorption and improve bone mineralization in RTT girls is unknown. |
### Instruction:
Does manganese antagonize iron blocking mitochondrial aconitase expression in human prostate carcinoma cells?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that manganese acts as an antagonist of iron, disrupting the enzymatic activity and gene expression of mACON and citrate metabolism in the prostate. |
### Instruction:
Is nasopharyngeal shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus associated with genetic polymorphisms?
### Response:
| The SARS-CoV load is a determinant of clinical outcomes of SARS, and it is associated with polymorphisms of genes involved in innate immunity, which might be regulated in an age- and sex-dependent manner. The findings of the present study provided leads to genes involved in the host response to SARS-CoV infection; if substantiated with functional studies, these findings may be applicable to other newly emerged respiratory viruses (e.g., the influenza pandemic strain). |
### Instruction:
Is which the optimal bowel preparation for colonoscopy - a meta-analysis?
### Response:
| NaP was more effective in bowel cleansing than PEG or SPS and was comparable in terms of adverse events. Patients have more difficulty completing PEG than NaP and SPS. Biochemical changes associated with a small-volume preparation like NaP, albeit largely asymptomatic, mandate caution in patients with cardiovascular or renal impairment. |
### Instruction:
Does cilostazol protect against brain white matter damage and cognitive impairment in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that cilostazol exerts a brain-protective effect through the CREB phosphorylation pathway leading to upregulation of Bcl-2 and COX-2 expressions and suggest that cilostazol is potentially useful for the treatment of cognitive impairment in poststroke patients. |
### Instruction:
Are matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -9 promoter polymorphisms associated with an increased risk of uterine leiomyomas in a Japanese population?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that MMP-1 and MMP-9 promoter polymorphisms are unlikely to be associated with an increased risk of uterine leiomyomas in Japanese women. |
### Instruction:
Do fetal membranes from term vaginal deliveries have a zone of weakness exhibiting characteristics of apoptosis and remodeling?
### Response:
| Vaginally delivered AROM FM contain a weak zone overlying the cervix. Vaginally delivered SROM FM contain a weak zone adjacent to the tear line that exhibits biochemical and mechanical characteristics suggestive of collagen remodeling and apoptosis comparable to those of the AR FM weak zone. |
### Instruction:
Is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma frequently underexpressed in renal cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| Most RCC cell lines showed decreased expression of PPARgamma mRNA. However, the level of PPARgamma mRNA expression did not affect cell growth inhibition by PPARgamma ligands. More than half of the tissues from RCC patients had low expression of PPARgamma mRNA, and such carcinomas might have more aggressive behavior. |
### Instruction:
Is acceptance of telemanagement high in patients with inflammatory bowel disease?
### Response:
| Improved methods of monitoring are needed for patients with IBD. Patients with IBD can be easily trained to use HAT, and patient acceptance is high. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical impact of HAT in IBD. |
### Instruction:
Are statins associated with lower risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with unstable coronary syndromes : analysis of the Orbofiban in Patients with Unstable coronary Syndromes-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 16 ( OPUS-TIMI 16 ) trial?
### Response:
| Statins may exert protective effect against GI bleeding in patients with ACS. Additional studies are warranted to explore this additional potential benefit of statins. |
### Instruction:
Does multimedia-driven teaching significantly improve students ' performance when compared with a print medium?
### Response:
| Regarding factual knowledge, there is no difference between multimedia-driven learning and a print medium. During heart operations, when understanding of complex temporal and spatial events is essential, students' performance is significantly improved by multimedia-enhanced teaching. The latter further proved to be more efficient in terms of study time. |
### Instruction:
Does platonin attenuate LPS-induced CAT-2 and CAT-2B induction in stimulated murine macrophages?
### Response:
| Platonin attenuates NO production and L-arginine transport in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages possibly through inhibiting iNOS, CAT-2, and CAT-2B expression. |
### Instruction:
Does cREB transcription factor modulate Bcl2 transcription in response to C5a in HL-60-derived neutrophils?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that C5a induces Bcl2 mRNA transcription in HL-60-derived neutrophils, which is mediated in part by CREB through the convergence of the PI3K/Akt and ERK-signalling pathways. |
### Instruction:
Does topiramate affect the acquisition or expression of ethanol conditioned place preference in DBA/2J or C57BL/6J mice?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that topiramate has no effect on ethanol's rewarding or conditioned rewarding effects as indexed by the place conditioning procedure. Thus, these studies raise the possibility that topiramate's efficacy in the treatment of alcoholism results from its impact on brain areas other than those that mediate ethanol's rewarding or conditioned rewarding effects. One alternative possibility is that topiramate decreases withdrawal-induced negative affective states that normally contribute to relapse. |
### Instruction:
Is apolipoprotein E epsilon 2 associated with new hemorrhage risk in brain arteriovenous malformations?
### Response:
| ApoE genotype may influence the risk of ICH in the natural course of brain AVM. The identification of genetic predictors of ICH risk may facilitate estimation of AVM natural history risk and individualize clinical decision-making and therapeutic recommendations. |
### Instruction:
Is long-standing bullous keratopathy associated with peripheral conjunctivalization and limbal deficiency?
### Response:
| Conjunctivalization of the peripheral cornea and delayed postoperative epithelialization in BK patients with NV suggest the presence of limbal stem cell deficiency in such patients. Patients with long-standing disease were found to be more prone to neovascularization. For this reason, early surgery may lead to a better surgical outcome. |
### Instruction:
Does sequence variation outside the `` active '' region of dog and rabbit cholecystokinin-58 result in bioactivity differences?
### Response:
| Canine and rabbit CCK-58 have different biological and immunologic properties that can only result from differences in their N-terminal sequences which influence the properties of their identical carboxyl termini. These results are the first direct demonstration that amino acids outside the C-terminus of CCK-58 influence CCK biological activity. |
### Instruction:
Is akt1 required for physiological cardiac growth?
### Response:
| These results establish Akt1 as a pivotal regulatory switch that promotes physiological cardiac hypertrophy while antagonizing pathological hypertrophy. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein improve seizure control in phenytoin-treated chronic epileptic rats?
### Response:
| These findings show that TQD significantly improves the anticonvulsive action of PHT, thus establishing a proof-of-concept that the administration of AEDs in combination with P-gp inhibitors may be a promising therapeutic strategy in pharmacoresistant patients. |
### Instruction:
Does simian parvovirus infection in cynomolgus monkey heart transplant recipients cause death related to severe anemia?
### Response:
| SPV is an important pathogen in surgically manipulated cynomolgus monkeys, particularly with immune compromise. Once introduced into a colony, clinically silent SPV infection could be readily transmitted within the environment. Transmission and disease occur at high frequency with an organ from a PCR-negative, seropositive donor, suggesting that latent virus can be conveyed by the organ. |
### Instruction:
Do mexican American elders have similar severities of COPD despite less tobacco exposure than European American elders?
### Response:
| Despite significantly less exposure to tobacco smoke, MAs with COPD had a similar degree of obstruction to airflow compared with EAs with COPD. Healthcare providers should have a high index of suspicion for COPD in MAs who are exposed to even small amounts of cigarette smoke. |
### Instruction:
Does methylphenidate improve aspects of executive function in African American children with ADHD?
### Response:
| Similar to previous findings with predominantly majority samples of patients with ADHD, MPH enhances planning, precision, and persistence in African American children with ADHD. |
### Instruction:
Is core imprint cytology of screen-detected breast lesions predictive of the histologic results?
### Response:
| The current study may be the largest prospective series on CIC to date, and the only direct comparison of its results for microcalcifications versus parenchymal lesions. Breast CIC is a reliable predictor of core histology. The information this study provides can be used to clinical advantage. |
### Instruction:
Does oral ingestion of streptococcus thermophilus diminish severity of small intestinal mucositis in methotrexate treated rats?
### Response:
| Oral ingestion of TH-4 at 10(9) cfu/mL is capable of partially attenuating small bowel damage in rats. The noninvasive SBT is a useful technique to longitudinally assess the efficacy of treatments or interventions for small bowel disease. |
### Instruction:
Does adenoviral vector expressing CYLD augment antitumor activity of TRAIL by suppression of NF-kappaB survival signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma?
### Response:
| CYLD inhibits TRAIL-mediated NF-kappaB activation and enhances the sensitivity of HCC cells to TRAIL-triggered apoptosis. The combined delivery of Ad/hTERT-CYLD and ZD55-TRAIL may be a new useful strategy for HCC or other tumor cells with enhanced NF-kappaB activity. |
### Instruction:
Does therapy with gastric acidity inhibitors increase the risk of acute gastroenteritis and community-acquired pneumonia in children?
### Response:
| This is the first prospective study performed in pediatric patients showing that the use of GA inhibitors was associated with an increased risk of acute gastroenteritis and community-acquired pneumonia in GERD-affected children. It could be interesting to underline that we observed an increased incidence of intestinal and respiratory infection in otherwise healthy children taking GA inhibitors for GERD treatment. On the contrary, the majority of the previous data showed that the patients most at risk for pneumonia were those with significant comorbid illnesses such as diabetes or immunodeficiency, and this points to the importance of GA suppression as a major risk factor for infections. In addition, this effect seems to be sustained even after the end of therapy. The results of our study are attributable to many factors, including direct inhibitory effect of GA inhibitors on leukocyte functions and qualitative and quantitative gastrointestinal microflora modification. Additional studies are necessary to investigate the mechanisms of the increased risk of infections in children treated with GA inhibitors, and prophylactic measures could be considered in preventing them. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of the cadherin-11 gene a discriminative factor between articular and growth plate chondrocytes?
### Response:
| Although the physiological role is still unclear, Cdh-11 is a discriminative factor between articular and growth plate chondrocytes. |
### Instruction:
Is 24-week oral ganciclovir prophylaxis in kidney recipients associated with reduced symptomatic cytomegalovirus disease compared to a 12-week course?
### Response:
| Oral ganciclovir prophylaxis for 24 weeks is associated with a lower risk of symptomatic CMV disease than a 12-week course in high risk D+/R- kidney recipients. |
### Instruction:
Does insulin stimulate arterial neointima formation in normal rats after balloon injury?
### Response:
| The effects of hyperinsulinaemia which promote neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury of rat carotid artery predominate over the effects which inhibit it even in normal animals. |
### Instruction:
Is primary care patients ' involvement in decision-making associated with improvement in depression?
### Response:
| Depressed patients with higher ratings of involvement in medical decisions have a higher probability of receiving guideline-concordant care and improving their symptoms over an 18-month period. Interventions to increase patient involvement in decision-making may be an important means of improving care for and outcomes of depression. |
### Instruction:
Are malaysian Indians genetically similar to Caucasians : CYP2C9 polymorphism?
### Response:
| CYP2C9*2 and *3 were identified in our population. Indians are similar to Caucasians in terms of CYP2C9 genotypes and thus may respond to CYP2C9 substrates differently when compared with the Malays and Chinese in Malaysia. |
### Instruction:
Is the child perception questionnaire valid for malocclusions in the United Kingdom?
### Response:
| CPQ(11-14) has acceptable reliability and validity, and is likely to be a useful measure for orthodontic trials. The impact of malocclusion on a child's quality of life might be substantial. |
### Instruction:
Is urinary beta2-microglobulin associated with acute renal allograft rejection?
### Response:
| Beta2-microglobulin could be a strong biomarker for AR if used in conjunction with other biomarkers, producing an AR-specific urinary protein signature. This possibility must be confirmed in a larger cohort of kidney transplant recipients. |
### Instruction:
Is suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid effective in preclinical studies of medulloblastoma?
### Response:
| SAHA effectively induces cell death in established medulloblastoma cell lines, human patient primary tumor cultures, medulloblastoma xenografts and intracranial spontaneous medulloblastomas. Fibroblasts in culture and mice treated with SAHA did not reveal prohibitive toxicity profiles. These findings support the advancement of SAHA to pediatric clinical trials. |
### Instruction:
Does homocysteine enhance apoptosis in human bone marrow stromal cells?
### Response:
| These results suggest that Hcy induces apoptosis via the ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway and NF-kappaB activation in hBMSCs, and that Hcy may contribute to the development of osteoporosis by reducing bone formation. Antioxidants may have a role in preventing bone loss in individuals with hyperhomocysteinemia. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Pitavastatin enhance angiogenesis and perfusion in a murine mode of limb ischemia ]?
### Response:
| Pitavastatin enhances angiogenesis and perfusion in CsH/He mice with limb ischemia. |
### Instruction:
Do volatile anaesthetics depolarize neural mitochondria by inhibiton of the electron transport chain?
### Response:
| Isoflurane and sevoflurane may act as metabolic inhibitors by depolarizing pre-synaptic mitochondria through inhibition of the electron transport chain, although isoflurane seems to inhibit mitochondrial function more significantly than sevoflurane. Both agents inhibit the respiratory chain sufficiently to cause ATP synthase reversal. |
### Instruction:
Does pre-operative measurement of heart rate variability predict hypotension during general anesthesia?
### Response:
| Spectral analysis of HRV is a sensitive method for detecting individuals who may be at risk of BP instability during general anesthesia but may not have apparent CAN according to traditional tests of autonomic function. |
### Instruction:
Does bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation maintain adequate ventilation in post-polio patients with respiratory failure?
### Response:
| In this study, it was shown that bi-level PSV reduces the oxygen cost of breathing and gave a significant decrease in PaCO2 in PPS patients. These data suggest that bi-level PSV ventilation maintains adequate ventilation in patients who suffer from post-polio syndrome with respiratory failure. |
### Instruction:
Does small-dose perfluorocarbon reduce the recruitment pressure needed to open surfactant-deficient atelectatic lungs?
### Response:
| The instillation of a small amount of perfluorocarbon significantly reduces the opening pressures needed to recruit atelectatic lung areas. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Lamivudine administration prevent fulminant hepatic failure in patients with severe chronic hepatitis B ]?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that lamivudine administration with improved support care not only is likely to prevent chronic severe hepatitis occurrence in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B of a severe degree, but also shows some efficacy in preventing FHF. |
### Instruction:
Is number of lymph node metastases better predictor of prognosis than level of lymph node metastasis in patients with node-positive colon cancer?
### Response:
| In node-positive colon cancer, number of PLNs predicted prognosis better than level of PLNs. |
### Instruction:
Are objective cancer-related variables associated with depressive symptoms in women treated for early-stage breast cancer?
### Response:
| Depressive symptoms in women treated for early-stage breast cancer are not associated with objective cancer-related factors. Rather, they are most strongly linked with many subjective psychosocial variables. |
### Instruction:
Is referent d-dimer enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing of limited value in the exclusion of thromboembolic disease : result of a practical study in an ED?
### Response:
| In our cohort of patients, DD was less accurate than previously reported, with an upper estimate of the sensitivity of only 87%. |
### Instruction:
Do immune status and inflammatory response differ locally and systemically in severe acute pancreatitis?
### Response:
| The different immune status and inflammatory response in the pancreas and circulating monocytes improve the understanding of the mechanisms by which systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) develop in severe AP. A potential therapeutic approach could be to restore the functional capacity of the immune system in AP. The use of an NF-kappaB inhibitor, preferentially reaching the local inflammatory foci, could be a potential future way of intervention. |
### Instruction:
Do human airway and peripheral blood eosinophils enhance Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion?
### Response:
| Our data demonstrate that SEB-induced generation of Th1 and Th2 cytokines is increased in the presence of human blood and airway eosinophils. Thus, eosinophils can have an immunoregulatory function in pathogen-associated allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, chronic sinusitis, and asthma exacerbations. |
### Instruction:
Is t280M variation of the CX3C receptor gene associated with increased risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis?
### Response:
| Our findings support the hypothesis of the pivotal role of the G glycoprotein CX3CR1 pathway in the pathogenesis of RSV bronchiolitis and propose CX3CR1 as a potential therapeutic target. |
### Instruction:
Does thrombopoietin protect against in vitro and in vivo cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin?
### Response:
| These data have provided the first evidence that TPO is a protective agent against DOX-induced cardiac injury. We propose to further explore an integrated program, incorporating TPO with other protocols, for treatment of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and other forms of cardiomyopathy. |
### Instruction:
Do positive symptoms and duration of illness predict functional laterality and attention modulation in schizophrenia?
### Response:
| Positive symptoms predicted reduced functional laterality, suggesting involvement of left temporal lobe language processing. Duration of illness predicted impaired attention modulation, possibly reflecting the involvement of frontotemporal networks. |
### Instruction:
Does a high density of ancient spliceosomal introns in oxymonad excavate?
### Response:
| The Streblomastix data show that the genome of the ancestor of excavates likely contained many introns and the subsequent evolution of introns has proceeded very differently in different excavate lineages: in Streblomastix there has been much stasis while in Trichomonas and Giardia most introns have been lost. |
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