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### Instruction:
Are sR proteins and the nonsense-mediated decay mechanism involved in human GLB1 gene alternative splicing?
### Response:
| In the processing of the GLB1 RNA several transcripts are generated, but only those with a correct reading frame are not degraded. The differential inclusion/exclusion of exons could be partially explained by the relatively weak splice sites in the exons involved. Different SR proteins have an effect on the process of skipping of these exons, at least in the minigene conditions, indicating a possible mechanism for the regulation of the alternative splicing of the GLB1 gene. |
### Instruction:
Does memantine induce reversible neurologic impairment in patients with MS?
### Response:
| Memantine at a dose of 30 mg/day may induce transient worsening of neurologic symptoms of multiple sclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Are human neutrophil peptides 1-3 useful biomarkers in patients with active ulcerative colitis?
### Response:
| HNP 1-3 is a novel biomarker that may be useful for diagnosing patients with active UC and predicting treatment outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Does transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells into intervertebral discs in a xenogeneic porcine model?
### Response:
| hMSCs survive in the porcine disc for at least 6 months and express typical chondrocyte markers suggesting differentiation toward disc-like cells. As in autologous animal models the combination with a three-dimensional-hydrogel carrier seems to facilitate differentiation and survival of MSCs in the disc. Xenotransplantation seems to be valuable in evaluating the possibility for human cell therapy treatment for intervertebral discs. |
### Instruction:
Do methylation-sensitive linking libraries enhance gene-enriched sequencing of complex genomes and map DNA methylation domains?
### Response:
| MSLL technology provides an unparalleled approach for mapping the epigenetic status of repetitive blocks and for identifying sequences mis-identified as genes. Although the types and natures of epigenetic boundaries are barely understood at this time, MSLL technology flags both approximate boundaries and methylated genes that deserve additional investigation. MSLL and HMPR sequences provide a valuable resource for maize genome annotation, and are a uniquely valuable complement to any plant genome sequencing project. In order to make these results fully accessible to the community, a web display was developed that shows the alignment of MSLL, HMPR, and other gene-rich sequences to the BACs; this display is continually updated with the latest ESTs and BAC sequences. |
### Instruction:
Is the metabolic syndrome associated with a higher resistance to intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in women than in men?
### Response:
| The effect of MetS on the resistance to intravenous thrombolysis for acute MCA ischemic stroke appears to be more pronounced in women than in men. |
### Instruction:
Is ketone body utilization regulated by male-specific factors in rat subcutaneous adipocytes?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that AACS plays male-specific metabolic roles in the regulation of ketone body-utilization for lipogenesis and that sex-specific ketone body-utilization is restricted in subcutaneous WAT. |
### Instruction:
Does quantitative monitoring of NPM1 mutations provide a valid minimal residual disease parameter following allogeneic stem cell transplantation?
### Response:
| Quantitative assessment of NPM1Amut seems to provide a reliable MRD marker in the posttransplantation period, predicting relapse earlier than morphology or molecular chimerism, which should be confirmed in larger studies. |
### Instruction:
Does tel/PDGFRbeta induce stem cell differentiation via the Ras/ERK and STAT5 signaling pathways?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that targeted disruption of key signaling pathways in combination with the tyrosine kinase activity of leukemic oncogenes, such as Tel/PDGFRbeta, may result in more efficacious therapies for suppressing leukemic progression in the clinical setting. |
### Instruction:
Does neo/adjuvant chemotherapy improve outcome in resected primary synovial sarcoma : a study of the French Sarcoma Group?
### Response:
| As for other high-grade soft-tissue sarcomas, well-planned wide surgical excision with adjuvant radiotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for SS. Neo-adjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy should not be delivered outside a clinical trial setting. |
### Instruction:
Does dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV inhibition augment postprandial lipid mobilization and oxidation in type 2 diabetic patients?
### Response:
| Our study is the first to suggest that DPP-4 inhibition augments postprandial lipid mobilization and oxidation. The response may be explained by sympathetic activation rather than a direct effect on metabolic status. |
### Instruction:
Does ten years of growth hormone ( GH ) replacement normalize muscle strength in GH-deficient adults?
### Response:
| Ten years of GH replacement therapy increased muscle strength during the first half of the study and thereafter partly protected against the normal age-related decline in muscle strength and neuromuscular function, resulting in approximately normalized muscle strength after 10 yr. |
### Instruction:
Is a common deletion in the uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase ( UGT ) 2B17 gene a strong determinant of androgen excretion in healthy pubertal boys?
### Response:
| In pubertal boys, a common homozygous deletion in the UGT2B17 gene strongly affected urinary excretion pattern of androgen metabolites but did not influence circulating androgen levels. |
### Instruction:
Do surgeon 's expectations predict the outcome of a total knee arthroplasty?
### Response:
| The outcome of a TKA depends on multiple factors. Both the surgeon's preoperative assessment of the difficulty and the surgeon's immediate postoperative satisfaction do not independently predict the outcome of a TKA. |
### Instruction:
Are measurements of EGFR expression on circulating tumor cells reproducible over time in metastatic breast cancer patients?
### Response:
| Measurement of EGFR on the surface of CTCs, derived from individuals with metastatic breast cancer patients is possible using the CellSearch system and showed consistent positivity over time. The use of this system will now be validated in a prospective study aiming to identify patients for anti-EGFR therapy based on the expression profile of CTCs. |
### Instruction:
Do socio-demographic factors influence contraception use among female students of the University of Novi Sad ( Serbia )?
### Response:
| The identified socio-demographic factors that influence the contraceptive behaviour of female students should allow to devise appropriate strategies for the promotion of the use of contraception by this young population. |
### Instruction:
Does alternative photoinitiator system reduce the rate of stress development without compromising the final properties of the dental composite?
### Response:
| CQ/PPD reduced the R(p)(max) and R(stress)(max) without a reduction in DC and CLD. Therefore, the use of alternative photoinitiator systems could be a promising way to reduce the stress developed during the composite's polymerization without affecting the final properties. |
### Instruction:
Does dense packing of portal lymphocytes predict favorable treatment outcome in hepatitis C?
### Response:
| Dense packing of inflammatory cells in portal tract is an independent predictor of SVR to antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. |
### Instruction:
Does polymorphism +17 C/G in matrix metalloprotease MMP8 decrease lung cancer risk?
### Response:
| This study suggests that the polymorphism in MMP8 is associated with a decreased lung cancer risk, which can be used as a prognostic marker in lung cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does cLOCK expression identify developing circadian oscillator neurons in the brains of Drosophila embryos?
### Response:
| These data demonstrate that brain oscillator neurons begin development during embryogenesis, that PER expression in non-oscillator cells is CLK-independent, and that oscillator phase is an intrinsic characteristic of brain oscillator neurons. These results define the temporal and spatial coordinates of factors that initiate Clk expression, imply that circadian photoreceptors are not activated until the end of embryogenesis, and suggest that PER functions in a different capacity before oscillator cell development is initiated. |
### Instruction:
Does serum of patients with septic shock stimulate the expression of Trem-1 on U937 monocytes?
### Response:
| Levels of sTREM-1 correlated with sepsis severity. sTREM-1 is considerably higher in patients with shock compared to patients without shock. The serum of shocked patients could stimulate the expression of TREM-1 on U937 monocytes. |
### Instruction:
Does microarray-based approach identify microRNAs and their target functional patterns in polycystic kidney disease?
### Response:
| We find that the functional patterns of predicted miRNA targets and differentially expressed mRNAs are similar. Our results suggest an important role of miRNAs in specific pathways underlying PKD. |
### Instruction:
Is true ovarian volume underestimated by two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound measurement?
### Response:
| Ovarian volume was severely underestimated by transvaginal 2D ultrasound measurement. |
### Instruction:
Is ornithine carbamyltransferase a sensitive marker for alcohol-induced liver injury?
### Response:
| Mitochondrion-derived markers, especially OCT, appeared superior to cytosol-derived markers in the detection of alcohol-induced liver injury. |
### Instruction:
Does swiss tertiary care center experience challenge the age-cohort effect in Helicobacter pylori infection?
### Response:
| Epidemiologic characteristics of H. pylori infection in Western countries are influenced by changing demographics. Further studies are warranted to investigate reasons for the changing trends in the prevalence of H. pylori infection. |
### Instruction:
Does the atypical zeta ( zeta ) isoform of protein kinase C regulate CD11b/CD18 activation in human neutrophils?
### Response:
| These data suggest that PKCzeta is a negative regulator of Mac-1 affinity and a positive regulator of Mac-1 avidity. Further, Mac-1 avidity is more important than increased affinity alone in regulating neutrophil firm adhesion. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Diaphragmatic response influenced by previous muscle activity ]?
### Response:
| Previous effort affects the contractile capacity of the diaphragm and it is difficult to predict the predominance of fatigue or potentiation in the response. This factor must be taken into account when determining the maximum respiratory pressures in daily clinical practice. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Anti-factor Xa activity of enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis in nonsurgical patients dependent on body mass ]?
### Response:
| Anti-Xa activity is dependent on BMI in hospitalized acute medical patients receiving enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis. |
### Instruction:
Does cTLA-4 ( CD152 ) control homeostasis and suppressive capacity of regulatory T cells in mice?
### Response:
| Expression of CTLA-4 on Treg cells serves to control T cell proliferation, to confer resistance against AICD, and to maintain the suppressive function of Treg cells. |
### Instruction:
Is alendronate effective to treat bone loss in renal transplantation recipients?
### Response:
| At least in the short term, alendronate is a effective inhibitor for the treatment of bone loss in renal transplantation patients. |
### Instruction:
Is pathology alleviated by doxycycline in a laminin-alpha2-null model of congenital muscular dystrophy?
### Response:
| Doxycycline or other drugs with similar functional profiles may be a possible route to improving neuromuscular dysfunction caused by laminin-alpha2-deficiency. |
### Instruction:
Does a Rho-kinase inhibitor improve cardiac function after 24-hour heart preservation?
### Response:
| Treatment with Rho-kinase inhibitor during allograft harvest and storage enhanced coronary blood flow and ventricular recovery through nitric oxide-dependent endothelial protection after reperfusion. Rho-kinase inhibitor could help prevent early myocardial dysfunction after transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Are disparity in outcomes of surgical revascularization for limb salvage : race and gender synergistic determinants of vein graft failure and limb loss?
### Response:
| Black race and female gender are risk factors for adverse outcomes after vein bypass surgery for limb salvage. Graft failure and limb loss are more common events in black patients, with black women being a particularly high-risk group. These data suggest the possibility of an altered biological response to vein grafting in this population; however, further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms underlying these observed disparities in outcome. |
### Instruction:
Do dexamethasone and GLP-2 given to lactating rat dams influence glucose uptake in suckling and postweanling offspring?
### Response:
| Treating lactating rat dams with GLP-2 or dexamethasone enhances glucose uptake in sucklings, but the late effect is a reduction in glucose and fructose absorption in postweanlings. The nutritional significance of these findings remains to be established. |
### Instruction:
Does patterning of palatal rugae through sequential addition reveal an anterior/posterior boundary in palatal development?
### Response:
| We showed that palatal rugae are sequentially added to the growing palate, in an interposition process that appears to be dependent on activation-inhibition mechanisms and reveals a new developmental boundary in the growing palate. Further studies on rugae may help to shed light on both the development and evolution of structures arranged in regular patterns. Moreover, rugae will undoubtedly be powerful tools to further study the anteroposterior regionalization of the growing palate. |
### Instruction:
Is rBM19 essential for preimplantation development in the mouse?
### Response:
| The data indicate that RBM19 is essential for preimplantation development, highlighting the importance of de novo nucleologenesis during this critical developmental stage. |
### Instruction:
Do comparative kinomics of human and chimpanzee reveal unique kinship and functional diversity generated by new domain combinations?
### Response:
| Though the chimpanzee and human are evolutionary very close, there are chimpanzee kinases with no close counterpart in the human suggesting differences in their functions. This analysis provides a direction for experimental analysis of human and chimpanzee protein kinases in order to enhance our understanding on their specific biological roles. |
### Instruction:
Does cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 promoter -658CT gene polymorphism is associate with ulcerative colitis in Chinese patients?
### Response:
| The T allele of CTLA-4 -658 polymorphism in the promoter of CTLA-4 gene was highly associated with UC in the Han Chinese in central China. |
### Instruction:
Does a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor prevent inflammation-related squamous cell carcinogenesis of the forestomach via duodenogastric reflux in rats?
### Response:
| Meloxicam was effective in preventing reflux-induced squamous cell carcinogenesis via an inflamed squamous epithelium. |
### Instruction:
Does poly ( ADP-ribose ) polymerase inhibition counteract cataract formation and early retinal changes in streptozotocin-diabetic rats?
### Response:
| PARP activation is implicated in the formation of diabetic cataract and in early retinal changes. These findings provide a rationale for the development of PARP inhibitors for the prevention of diabetic ocular complications. |
### Instruction:
Is desmoglein 2 a substrate of kallikrein 7 in pancreatic cancer?
### Response:
| A reduction in the amount of the cell adhesion components Dsg1 and Dsg2 in pancreatic tumors suggests that loss of these desmosomal proteins may play a role in pancreatic cancer invasion. Using in vitro degradation assays, both Dsg1 and Dsg2 could be readily proteolyzed by hK7, which is overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinomas. The enforced expression of hK7 in BxPC-3 cells that express significant amounts of Dsg2 resulted in a marked increase in the shedding of soluble Dsg2, which is consistent with the notion that aberrant expression of hK7 in pancreatic tumors may result in diminished cell-cell adhesion and facilitate tumor cell invasion. |
### Instruction:
Is preoperative left atrial emptying fraction a powerful predictor of successful maze procedure?
### Response:
| LA emptying fraction should be considered in the precise indications of the maze procedure as adjunctive therapy. |
### Instruction:
Are polymorphisms in the interleukin-10 gene cluster possibly involved in the increased risk for major depressive disorder?
### Response:
| Our study established increased risk for MDD related to the IL20 and IL24 haplotype and suggests that cytokines may contribute to the pathogenesis of MDD. Since none of the block 2 SNPs were individually associated with MDD, it is possible that other polymorphisms linked to them contribute to the disease susceptibility. Future studies are needed to confirm the results and to find the possible functional explanation. |
### Instruction:
Does exogenous galanin regulate capsaicin-evoked substance P release from primary cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons?
### Response:
| Exogenous galanin may promote capsaicin-evoked SP release from primary cultured DRG neurons. The elevation of the levels of VR1 mRNA and VR1 protein induced by exogenous galanin implicated that VR1 may be involved in the mechanisms of SP release evoked by capsaicin. |
### Instruction:
Is normalization of leaky gut in chronic fatigue syndrome ( CFS ) accompanied by a clinical improvement : effects of age , duration of illness and the translocation of LPS from gram-negative bacteria?
### Response:
| The results show that normalization of the IgA and IgM responses to translocated LPS may predict clinical outcome in CFS. The results support the view that a weakened tight junction barrier with subsequent gut-derived inflammation is a novel pathway in CFS and that it is a new target for drug development in CFS. Meanwhile, CFS patients with leaky gut can be treated with specific NAIOSs and a leaky gut diet. |
### Instruction:
Do pPAR-gamma agonists inhibit TGF-beta1-induced chemokine expression in human tubular epithelial cells?
### Response:
| PPAR-gamma agonists (15d-PGJ2 and TGL) could inhibit the TGF-beta1-induced expression of chemokines in HK-2 cells. Our results suggest that PPAR-gamma agonists have the potential to be used as a treatment regimen to reduce inflammation in renal tubulointerstitial disease. |
### Instruction:
Do hyperthermia-treated mesenchymal stem cells exert antitumor effects on human carcinoma cell line?
### Response:
| This study showed that the conditioned medium of the HS-MSCs exerted a suppressive effect on tumor progression and malignancy, suggesting that hyperthermia enables tumor stromal cells to provide a sensitizing environment for tumor cells to undergo cell death. |
### Instruction:
Is pleocytosis associated with disruption of HIV compartmentalization between blood and cerebral spinal fluid viral populations?
### Response:
| Inflammation in the CNS, marked by pleocytosis, allows HIV populations to mix between blood and CSF, which may increase the overall viral genetic diversity within the CSF. |
### Instruction:
Is helicobacter pylori infection significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in the Japanese population?
### Response:
| In a large Japanese population, H. pylori infection was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Do cannabinoids and capsaicin improve liver function following thioacetamide-induced acute injury in mice?
### Response:
| The similar pattern found between the effect of cannabinoids and their antagonists on brain and liver indicated that the therapeutic effect might be directed by the improvement in both organs through CB2 receptors and/or TRPV1 receptors. Modulation of these systems may have therapeutic potential. |
### Instruction:
Does perianal disease predict changes in Crohn 's disease phenotype-results of a population-based study of inflammatory bowel disease phenotype?
### Response:
| Although CD location remains relatively stable, behavior changes over time. Perianal disease is a strong predictor of developing more complicated CD. Proctitis is most common in UC patients at diagnosis although younger patients are more likely than older patients to have extensive disease. The Montreal classification provides a clinically useful framework for both researchers and clinicians. |
### Instruction:
Do respiratory cycle-related EEG changes during sleep reflect esophageal pressures?
### Response:
| Variation within subjects of sigma RCREC with APes supports previous evidence that RCREC within this range may reflect microarousals exacerbated by increased work of breathing. Correlation of beta and theta, but not sigma RCREC with deltaPes in between-subject comparisons is more difficult to explain but suggests that ranges other than sigma also deserve further investigation for clinical utility. |
### Instruction:
Is hypoadiponectinemia related to sympathetic activation and severity of obstructive sleep apnea?
### Response:
| Adiponectin was suppressed in subjects with severe obstructive sleep apnea, independent of obesity. Adiponectin levels were determined by insulin resistance and sympathetic activation, factors that may be totally or partially attributed to sleep disordered breathing. |
### Instruction:
Does sympathetic withdrawal augment cerebral blood flow during acute hypercapnia in sleeping lambs?
### Response:
| Hypercapnia increases CBF in sleep and wakefulness, with the increase being greatest in REM. Sympathectomy increases baseline CBF, but decreases the response to hypercapnia. These findings suggest that cerebral sympathetic nerve activity is normally withdrawn during hypercapnia in REM sleep, augmenting the CBF response. |
### Instruction:
Is the 17-mm St. Jude Medical Regent valve a valid option for patients with a small aortic annulus?
### Response:
| Aortic valve replacement with a 17-mm Regent prosthesis appears to provide satisfactory clinical and hemodynamic results in patients with a small aortic annulus. Remarkable left ventricular mass regression during follow-up was achieved irrespective of the effective orifice area index at discharge. |
### Instruction:
Do saphenous vein conduits harvested by endoscopic technique exhibit structural and functional damage?
### Response:
| Our study indicates that ESVH has a detrimental effect on the saphenous vein endothelium, which may lead to decreased graft patency and worse patient outcomes. |
### Instruction:
Is mitral regurgitation due to myxomatous degeneration combined with bicuspid aortic valve disease often due to prolapse of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve?
### Response:
| Patients with combined mitral regurgitation due to myxomatous degeneration and bicuspid aortic valve disease who require operations often have a large, prolapsing anterior leaflet of the mitral valve and dilated aortic annulus with aortic insufficiency due to cusp prolapse. |
### Instruction:
Do faculty physicians and new physicians disagree about which procedures are essential to learn in medical school?
### Response:
| New physicians who have completed internship and medical school faculty do not agree on procedures essential for internship. A core educational list of 19 procedures was identified using the responses from these two groups. |
### Instruction:
Do polymorphisms within the novel type 2 diabetes risk locus MTNR1B determine beta-cell function?
### Response:
| In conclusion, common genetic variation within MTNR1B determines glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and plasma glucose concentrations. Their impact on beta-cell function might represent the prevailing pathomechanism how MTNR1B variants increase the type 2 diabetes risk. |
### Instruction:
Does azacitidine enhance sensitivity of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells to carboplatin through induction of apoptosis?
### Response:
| Azacitidine enhanced the sensitivity of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells to carboplatin associated with caspase-3- and -8-dependent apoptosis pathway and reexpression of DR4. |
### Instruction:
Is vascular endothelial dysfunction in cyclosporine-treated rat aortas associated with serum total homocysteine levels?
### Response:
| These data suggested a possible link between serum tHcy and decreased vascular sensitivity to endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in control aortae, but CsA-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction was not associated with an effect of the drug on homocysteine metabolism. |
### Instruction:
Does a combination of donor specific transfusion and rapamycin prolong cardiac allograft survival in mice?
### Response:
| Our study showed that DST combined with RPM prolonged cardiac allograft survival even if we withdrew immunosuppressants after transplantation. This result may be associated with inhibition of T-cell proliferation. We also demonstrated that RPM expanded CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells and increased splenocyte apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Is the effect of growth hormone treatment on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors similar in preterm and term short , small for gestational age children?
### Response:
| The effect of GH treatment on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors is similar in preterm and term short, SGA children. |
### Instruction:
Is natural killer cell function intact after direct exposure to infectious hepatitis C virions?
### Response:
| HCV 1a or 2a envelope proteins do not modulate NK cell function when expressed as a part of infectious HCV particles. Without direct inhibition by HCV, NK cells may become activated by cytokines in acute HCV infection and contribute to infection outcome and disease pathogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does mammary serine protease inhibitor inhibit epithelial growth factor-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of esophageal carcinoma cells?
### Response:
| Maspin exhibited a metastasis-suppressive effect, which may be a consequence of the reversal of the malignant phenotype of EC109 cells. The switch of cellular metabolic phenotype to low glycolysis by the gain of maspin function may play a key role in the process. This finding provides additional evidence of the tumor metastasis-suppressive activity of maspin and may indicate a new direction for future studies of the mechanism of maspin. |
### Instruction:
Is routine administration of antibiotics to patients suffering accidental gallbladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy necessary?
### Response:
| Routine application of an antibiotic to patients experiencing accidental perforation of the gallbladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not necessary. In the case of patients with diabetes mellitus, those who are older than 60, or who have an ASA classification of 3 or more, or if the operation itself is likely to last more than 70 minutes, the recommendation is to start antibiotic therapy in the preoperative phase immediately before surgery. |
### Instruction:
Does allopregnanolone-induced rise in intracellular calcium in embryonic hippocampal neurons parallel their proliferative potential?
### Response:
| Collectively, these data indicate that APalpha promotes a rapid, dose-dependent, stereo-specific, and developmentally regulated increase of intracellular calcium concentration in rat embryonic hippocampal neurons via a mechanism that requires both the GABAA receptor and L-type calcium channel. These data suggest that APalpha-induced intracellular calcium concentration increase serves as the initiation mechanism whereby APalpha promotes neurogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does oligonucleotide-mediated retroviral RNase H activation lead to reduced HIV-1 titer in patient-derived plasma?
### Response:
| Significant reduction of plasma HIV RNA levels and infectivity of treated virions was achieved on the basis of induced self-destruction of HIV observed with clinical samples. Reduction of viral load ex vivo was designed as model for potential effects in vivo. Premature activation rather than inhibition of a viral enzyme could be a model strategy for future antiretroviral control. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C a prognostic indicator in esophageal cancer?
### Response:
| Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C is related to lymphatic invasion and is a prognostic indicator for esophageal cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does interference microscopy delineate cellular proliferations on flat mounted internal limiting membrane specimens?
### Response:
| Interference microscopy of flat mounted ILM specimens gives new insights into the distribution of cellular proliferations at the vitreomacular interface and allows for determination of the cell density at the ILM. Given that the entire ILM peeled is seen en face, the techniques described offer a more reliable method to investigate the vitreoretinal interface in terms of cellular distribution compared with conventional microscopy. |
### Instruction:
Is pIVKA-II the best prognostic predictor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation therapy?
### Response:
| In patients with Child-Pugh stage A HCC, the PIVKA-II level is the best prognostic predictor after curative RFA. |
### Instruction:
Is differential regulation of aortic growth in male and female rodents associated with AAA development?
### Response:
| This study documents a decrease in AAA diameter in males treated with estrogen or undergoing orchiectomy, but no changes in females treated with testosterone or undergoing oophorectomy; and an increase in diameter in MOT and a decrease in FOE. These data suggest that gonadal hormones differentially regulate AAA growth in association with changes in macrophages. |
### Instruction:
Is recovery from a cycling time trial enhanced with carbohydrate-protein supplementation vs. isoenergetic carbohydrate supplementation?
### Response:
| Under these experimental conditions, liquid C+P ingestion immediately after exercise increases fat oxidation, increases recovery, and improves subsequent same day, 60 min efforts relative to isoenergetic CHO ingestion. |
### Instruction:
Does single-chain Fv phage display propensity exhibit strong positive correlation with overall expression levels?
### Response:
| We conclude that in the absence of premature cytosolic aggregation or folding, the propensity of a scFv to be displayed on phage is directly related to its overall expression level and is thus indirectly influenced by factors such as codon bias, mRNA abundance or putative DNA motifs affecting expression. This suggests that scFvs capable of high overall expression and display levels may not produce high yields of non phage-fused soluble protein in either the periplasmic or extracellular fractions of E. coli. This should be considered when screening clones selected from combinatorial libraries for further study. |
### Instruction:
Do referral letters for 2-week wait suspected colorectal cancer allow a 'straight-to-test ' pathway?
### Response:
| A significant number of patients would have had tests changed after a clinical consultation. However, only a small number required further investigations having had a consultation prior to their initial investigations. We conclude that 2-week wait suspected colorectal cancer patients should be seen in the clinic first and should not proceed 'straight-to-test'. |
### Instruction:
Does calprotectin ( a major S100 leucocyte protein ) predict 10-year radiographic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| Calprotectin was an independent predictor of clinical and radiographic joint damage after 10 years. These findings support the proposal that calprotectin may be a prognostic biomarker for erosive disease in patients with RA. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Strychnos alkaloids inhibit the proliferation of adult rat neuroprogenitor cells ]?
### Response:
| Strychnos alkaloids can significantly inhibit the proliferation of adult rat neuroprogenitor cells, and this effect is probably selective, suggesting the potential of Strychnos alkaloids as a new drug for treatment of neurocytoma. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Programmed application of extracellular matrix promote neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells ]?
### Response:
| ECM plays an important role in neural differentiation of mouse ESCs, and application of FN produces the most conspicuous effect during the differentiation of the ESCs into the neural progenitor cells;laminin/poly-L-ornithine is the most effective during their differentiation into neural cells. |
### Instruction:
Does use of a common standard improve the performance of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D?
### Response:
| Use of a common standard improved agreement among laboratories using LC-MS/MS methods for 25-OH-D. This suggests that problems with assay standardization contribute to interlaboratory imprecision. This may be related to the nature of the matrix used for working standards or errors in the calibration of stock standard solutions of 25-OH-D. Some participants used a gravimetric method, others UV spectrophotometry, to establish the concentration of stock solutions. Among the latter group there was uncertainty over the molar absorption coefficient of 25-OH-D solutions. We conclude that LC-MS/MS is not yet sufficiently robust to become the reference method for 25-OH-D and that gas chromatography-mass spectrometry might be a more suitable candidate. |
### Instruction:
Does the inhibition of the highly expressed miR-221 and miR-222 impair the growth of prostate carcinoma xenografts in mice?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that modulating miR-221/222 levels may have a therapeutic potential in prostate carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Does stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors attenuate collagen-induced arthritis in mice?
### Response:
| These data provide the first evidence of a role of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway in the murine CIA model of rheumatoid arthritis. |
### Instruction:
Does whole grain rye porridge breakfast improve satiety compared to refined wheat bread breakfast?
### Response:
| Whole grain rye porridge at breakfast has prolonged satiating properties up to 8 h after consumption compared to refined wheat bread, but did not diminish subsequent food intake. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Nuclear receptor Nur77 inhibit oxidized low density lipoprotein induced lipid loading in macrophages ]?
### Response:
| Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 reduced ox-LDL induced intracellular lipid loading in macrophages by inhibiting lipid influx and enhancing lipid efflux. |
### Instruction:
Is uterosacral ligament smooth muscle cell apoptosis increased in women with uterine prolapse?
### Response:
| The fraction of smooth muscle in the uterosacral ligaments is significantly decreased, and the rate of apoptosis is higher in women with uterine prolapse compared to women without prolapse. |
### Instruction:
Does blockade of receptor for advanced glycation end product attenuate pulmonary reperfusion injury in mice?
### Response:
| Abrogation of RAGE signaling attenuates pulmonary ischemia and reperfusion injury. This study suggests that RAGE might play a central role in pulmonary reperfusion injury and in transplantation and that blockade of RAGE might offer a potential target to abrogate pulmonary reperfusion injury in clinical transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Does the sinus of Valsalva relieve abnormal stress on aortic valve leaflets by facilitating smooth closure?
### Response:
| Sinuses of Valsalva facilitate the smooth closure of the aortic valve, thereby avoiding the building up of abnormal stress in the leaflet. Such an effect may assure the durability of valve leaflets in aortic grafts with a pseudosinus. |
### Instruction:
Is acute doxorubicin cardiotoxicity associated with p53-induced inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway?
### Response:
| These data suggest that doxorubicin treatment induces acute cardiac dysfunction and reduces cardiac mass via p53-dependent inhibition of mTOR signaling and that loss of myocardial mass, and not cardiomyocyte apoptosis, is the major contributor to acute doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. |
### Instruction:
Does platelet P2Y ( 12 ) receptor influence the vessel wall response to arterial injury and thrombosis?
### Response:
| These data demonstrate a role for platelet P2Y(12) in the vessel wall response to arterial injury and thrombosis. This illustrates the manner in which platelets may contribute to atherogenesis and restenosis. |
### Instruction:
Does proteomic analysis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha resistant human breast cancer cells reveal a MEK5/Erk5-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that MEK5 over-expression promotes a TNF-alpha resistance phenotype associated with distinct proteomic changes (upregulation of VIM/vim, GSTP1/gstp1, and CKB/ckb; and downregulation of KRT8/krt8, KRT19/krt19, and GSTM3/gstm3). We further demonstrate that MEK5-mediated progression to an EMT phenotype is dependent upon intact Erk5 and associated with upregulation of SNAI2 and ZEB1 expression. |
### Instruction:
Is asthma inversely associated with Helicobacter pylori status in an urban population?
### Response:
| These data are consistent with the hypothesis that colonization with CagA+ H. pylori strains is inversely associated with asthma and is associated with an older age of asthma onset in an urban population. The data suggest H. pylori as a marker for protection. |
### Instruction:
Do better estimation of protein-DNA interaction parameters improve prediction of functional sites?
### Response:
| We think that training binding site detection algorithms on datasets from binding assays lead to better prediction. The improvements in accuracy came from the unbiased nature of the SELEX dataset rather than from the number of sites available. We believe that with progress in short-read sequencing technology, one could use SELEX methods to characterize binding affinities of many low specificity transcription factors. |
### Instruction:
Are long-term safety and efficacy observed after implantation of Zotarolimus-Eluting stent in real-world clinical practice?
### Response:
| In this real-world clinical experience, ZES was associated with a low incidence of adverse cardiac events at a medium follow-up of one and half years. |
### Instruction:
Does differential gene repertoire in Mycobacterium ulcerans identify candidate genes for patho-adaptation?
### Response:
| The differential gene inactivation patterns associated with the M. ulcerans haplotypes identified candidate genes that may confer enhanced adaptation upon ablation of expression. A number of gene conversions confined to the classical lineage may contribute to particular virulence of this group comprising isolates from Africa and Australia. Identification of this spectrum of anti-virulence gene candidates expands our understanding of the pathogenicity and ecology of the emerging infectious disease Buruli ulcer. |
### Instruction:
Does hMG-CoA reductase inhibitors ( statin ) prevent retinal neovascularization in a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy?
### Response:
| These data suggest the beneficial effects of statin treatment in preventing retinal neovascularization. These beneficial effects appear to result from the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of statins. |
### Instruction:
Do prevalence and profile of people with co-occurring mental and substance use disorders within a comprehensive mental health system?
### Response:
| The prevalence estimate of co-occurring disorders is likely representative of a multilevel system of care that serves a large, mixed urban and rural population. Results highlight the need to focus on specific subpopulations and sectors in pursuit of more integrated treatment and support for their mental health and addictions problems. |
### Instruction:
Do rhesus macaque embryos derived from MI oocytes maturing after retrieval display high rates of chromosomal anomalies?
### Response:
| These results indicate that embryos developing from oocytes maturing post-retrieval display high rates of chromosomal abnormalities and have therefore a reduced developmental competence. As a result, the clinical relevance of using immature oocytes that are retrieved after stimulated cycles in human IVF warrants further investigation. |
### Instruction:
Does oral HIV-exposure elicit mucosal HIV-neutralizing antibodies in uninfected men who have sex with men?
### Response:
| Unprotected oral sex evokes a salivary IgA1-mediated HIV-neutralizing response that persists over time during continuous exposure in uninfected male partners of infected men. |
### Instruction:
Is increased p38-MAPK responsible for chemotherapy resistance in human gastric cancer cells?
### Response:
| Activation of the p38-MAPK pathway might be responsible for the modulation of P-glycoprotein-mediated and P-glycoprotein-unmediated multidrug resistance in the SGC7901/VCR cell line. |
### Instruction:
Does vulvar squamous cell carcinoma development after diagnosis of VIN increase with age?
### Response:
| An increase in diagnoses of both uVIN and dVIN has not led to an increase in vulvar SCC incidence. The malignant potential of dVIN is higher than that for uVIN. For uVIN the malignant potential increases with age. |
### Instruction:
Does western blot quantification of aggrecan fragments in human synovial fluid indicate differences in fragment patterns between joint diseases?
### Response:
| We have developed a novel Western blot quantification method for quantification of SF aggrecan fragments which can differentiate fragments of different sizes sharing the same epitope. The anti-ARGS and anti-G3 quantitative Western blots provided information important for a better understanding of the proteolytic pathways in aggrecan breakdown, information that discriminates between different joint diseases, and may aid in identification of new biomarkers. |
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