question stringlengths 52 373 | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k |
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### Instruction:
Does loss of classical transient receptor potential 6 channel reduce allergic airway response?
### Response:
| TRPC6 deficiency inhibits specific allergic immune responses, pointing to an important immunological function of this cation channel in Th2 cells, eosinophils, mast cells and B cells. |
### Instruction:
Are loss-of-function polymorphisms in the filaggrin gene associated with an increased susceptibility to chronic irritant contact dermatitis : a case-control study?
### Response:
| Our study shows that FLG null alleles are associated with increased susceptibility to CICD; whether or not the FLG null allele is an independent risk factor needs further study. |
### Instruction:
Does liposome-mediated transfection with extract from neonatal rat cardiomyocytes induce transdifferentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into cardiomyocytes?
### Response:
| We demonstrate that transfection with nuclear protein extracts from neonatal rat cardiomyocytes can induce a cardiomyogenic differentiation pathway in human stem cells. |
### Instruction:
Is pON1 status influenced by oxidative stress and inflammation in coronary heart disease patients?
### Response:
| Our CHD patients were in a state of oxidative stress, which was most evident in the RR phenotype group. The QQ phenotype group is associated with the lowest oxidative stress status level and also with a better capacity for anti-oxidative protection. Oxidative stress in CHD patients is maintained by systemic low-grade i... |
### Instruction:
Does acidic preparations of platelet concentrate release bone morphogenetic protein-2?
### Response:
| Our findings indicate that platelets release substantial amounts of BMP-2 only under conditions of low pH, the milieu associated with the critical initial stage of fracture healing. |
### Instruction:
Do variants of CDKAL1 and IGF2BP2 affect first-phase insulin secretion during hyperglycaemic clamps?
### Response:
| Variants of CDKAL1 and IGF2BP2 attenuate the first phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion but show no effect on the second phase of insulin secretion. Our results, based on hyperglycaemic clamps, provide further insight into the pathogenic mechanism behind the association of these gene variants with type 2 diabe... |
### Instruction:
Is the autoimmune regulator gene ( AIRE ) strongly associated with vitiligo?
### Response:
| The link between vitiligo and AIRE raises the possibility that defective skin peripheral antigen selection in the thymus is involved in the changes that result in melanocyte destruction in this disorder. |
### Instruction:
Do kCNQ2 and KCNQ3 mutations contribute to different idiopathic epilepsy syndromes?
### Response:
| Sequence variations of the KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 genes may contribute to the etiology of common idiopathic epilepsy syndromes. |
### Instruction:
Is circumferential stapled procedure for bleeding ano-rectal varices an effective treatment -- experience in nine patients?
### Response:
| We conclude that stapled disruption of bleeding rectal varices in patients with known portal hypertension is a very useful and effective procedure when carried out by an experienced colorectal surgeon. |
### Instruction:
Does postoperative weight loss during hospital stay in patients with gastric cancer undergoing surgical resection?
### Response:
| Although the serious weight loss during hospital stay means the true surgical damage in gastric cancer patients, it has no influence on the long-term survival. |
### Instruction:
Does e2F2 expression induce proliferation of terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes in vivo?
### Response:
| We conclude that a limited induction of cardiomyocyte cell proliferation can be achieved by E2F2-mediated stimulation of cyclin A and E expression without a reduction of CKIs. |
### Instruction:
Does p55 tumour necrosis factor receptor in bone marrow-derived cells promote atherosclerosis development in low-density lipoprotein receptor knock-out mice?
### Response:
| p55 TNFR expression in bone marrow-derived cells contributes to the development of atherosclerosis by enhancing lesional foam cell formation and by promoting the expression of pro-atherosclerotic chemokines such as MCP-1. |
### Instruction:
Is pretreatment brain activation during stroop task associated with outcomes in cocaine-dependent patients?
### Response:
| The functions of specific brain regions underlying cognitive control relate differentially to discrete outcomes for the treatment of cocaine dependence. These findings implicate neurocircuitry underlying cognitive control in behavioral treatment outcome and provide insight into the mechanisms of behavioral therapies fo... |
### Instruction:
Does early post-stressor intervention with high-dose corticosterone attenuate posttraumatic stress response in an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder?
### Response:
| Single treatment with high-dose CORT immediately after stressful exposure reduces the prevalence rate of extreme behavioral disruption 30 days later. Corticosterone might disrupt the consolidation of aversive or fearful memories. |
### Instruction:
Do chronic traffic-related air pollution and stress interact to predict biologic and clinical outcomes in asthma?
### Response:
| The physical and social environments interacted in predicting both biologic and clinical outcomes in children with asthma, suggesting that when pollution exposure is more modest, vulnerability to asthma exacerbations may be heightened in children with higher chronic stress. |
### Instruction:
Does homoharringtonine affect the JAK2-STAT5 signal pathway through alteration of protein tyrosine kinase phosphorylation in acute myeloid leukemia cells?
### Response:
| HHT possibly acts as a broad-spectrum PTK inhibitor and inhibits the phosphorylation of the signal proteins caused by oncogenic proteins such as JAK2V617F, BCR/ABL, thus blocking the survival and proliferative signal pathway of malignant cells. |
### Instruction:
Is eye lens exposure to radiation in interventional suites : caution warranted?
### Response:
| With typical reported workloads, radiation doses to eye lenses may exceed the threshold for deterministic effects (ie, lens opacities or cataracts) after several years of work if radiation protection tools are not used. |
### Instruction:
Are glycan stem-cell markers specifically expressed by spermatogonia in the adult non-human primate testis?
### Response:
| SSEA-4 and TRA-1-81-antibodies may be very well suited for the identification and isolation of spermatogonia, and possibly also germline stem cells, in the non-human primate testis. |
### Instruction:
Is the sperm chemoattractant secreted from human cumulus cells progesterone?
### Response:
| Taken together, the results suggest that progesterone is the main, if not the sole, chemoattractant secreted by human cumulus cells. |
### Instruction:
Is a functional toll-like receptor 8 variant associated with HIV disease restriction?
### Response:
| This first report of a functional TLR8 variant associated with a different clinical course of an RNA viral disease may have implications for the individual risk assessment of patients infected with HIV and other RNA viruses as well as for future HIV vaccine development. |
### Instruction:
Is plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 the most significant of the usual tissue prognostic factors in node-negative breast ductal adenocarcinoma independent of urokinase-type plasminogen activator?
### Response:
| There was no evidence for any additional impact of uPA. PAI-1 is an independent prognostic factor in particular in pN0 breast ductal carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Does ascorbate inhibit apoptosis of Kupffer cells during warm ischemia/reperfusion injury?
### Response:
| The hepatic cells most vulnerable to oxidative stress in the first hour of reperfusion were Kupffer cells. These may play a key role in hepatic warm I/R injury. |
### Instruction:
Do an update on metabolism studies using human hepatocytes in primary culture?
### Response:
| In vitro drug metabolism studies, which are inexpensive and readily carried out, serve as an adequate screening mechanism to characterize drug metabolites, elucidate their pathways, and make suggestions for further in vivo testing. |
### Instruction:
Is myeloid sarcoma associated with superior event-free survival and overall survival compared with acute myeloid leukemia?
### Response:
| Anti-AML therapy was highly effective in patients with nonleukemic MS. The results from this study emphasize the need to treat patients who have nonleukemic MS with AML-type therapy. |
### Instruction:
Are selective serotonin reuptake inhibiting antidepressants associated with an increased risk of nonvertebral fractures?
### Response:
| Not only users of TCAs but also of SSRIs have a significantly increased risk of nonvertebral fractures, in SSRI users especially after prolonged use. Despite fewer early adverse effects of SSRIs, physicians treating elderly depressive patients should be aware of the unfavorable long-term consequence of SSRIs on fractur... |
### Instruction:
Do socioeconomic factors influence selection and participation in a population-based case-control study of head and neck cancer in Scotland?
### Response:
| Low participation rates in case-control studies remain a problem and socioeconomic factors strongly affect participation. A control sample selection biased in one direction was offset by participation bias in the opposite direction -- fortuitously providing a representative control sample. Selecting controls from case ... |
### Instruction:
Does urinary trypsin inhibitor improve viability of the liver in brain-dead rats?
### Response:
| The results suggest that treatment with UTI after the establishment of brain death improved the viability of the liver in hypotensive brain-dead rats by inhibiting CINC production. |
### Instruction:
Does the TNFalpha gene relate to clinical phenotype in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency?
### Response:
| Variation in TNFalpha is associated with chronic bronchitis in AATD. |
### Instruction:
Do dominant negative mutant cyclin T1 proteins inhibit HIV transcription by specifically degrading Tat?
### Response:
| These results suggest that CycT1-U7 inhibits HIV transcription by promoting a rapid degradation of Tat. These mutant CycT1 proteins represent a novel class of specific inhibitors for HIV transcription that could potentially be used in the design of anti-viral therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does plasmatic level of neurosin predict outcome of mild cognitive impairment?
### Response:
| The measurement of plasmatic neurosin level in patients diagnosed with MCI may predict conversion from MCI to Dementia with vascular component. A single measurement is also valuable to estimate the risk of developing AD and Dementia with vascular component. Finally, repeated measurement of plasmatic neurosin might be a... |
### Instruction:
Does calcitonin gene-related peptide alter the firing rates of hypothalamic temperature sensitive and insensitive neurons?
### Response:
| With respect to current models of thermoregulatory control, these CGRP dependent changes in firing rate would result in hyperthermia. This suggests that both warm sensitive and temperature insensitive neurons in the POAH may play a role in producing this hyperthermic shift in temperature. |
### Instruction:
Does pre-existing major depression predict in-hospital cardiac complications after acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| These findings underscore the importance of identifying and treating MDD in post-MI patients and those at risk for MI. |
### Instruction:
Is a novel neuronal calcium sensor family protein , calaxin , a potential Ca ( 2+ ) -dependent regulator for the outer arm dynein of metazoan cilia and flagella?
### Response:
| These results suggest that calaxin is a potential Ca(2+)-dependent modulator of outer arm dynein in metazoan cilia and flagella. |
### Instruction:
Does the MRA-DWI mismatch identify patients with stroke who are likely to benefit from reperfusion?
### Response:
| The MRA-DWI mismatch model appears to identify patients with stroke who are likely to benefit from reperfusion therapy administered in the 3- to 6-hour time window after symptom onset. The criteria established for the MRA-DWI mismatch model in this study require validation in an independent cohort. |
### Instruction:
Does pedometer count superior to physical activity scale for identifying health markers in older adults?
### Response:
| Pedometer-derived step counts are a more valid measurement of overall physical activity in this sample than PASE score. Researchers should use objective measures of physical activity whenever possible. |
### Instruction:
Do bcl-x ( L ) and Myeloid cell leukaemia-1 contribute to apoptosis resistance of colorectal cancer cells?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that Bcl-x(L) and, to a lower extent, Mcl-1, are important anti-apoptotic factors in CRC. Specific downregulation of Bcl-x(L) is a promising approach to sensitize CRC cells towards chemotherapy and targeted therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does genetic immunisation by liver stage antigen 3 protect chimpanzees against malaria despite low immune responses?
### Response:
| These results should, in our opinion, lead to a revisiting of the value of this unusual means of immunisation, using as a model a disease, malaria, in which virulent challenges of volunteers are ethically acceptable. |
### Instruction:
Does persistent maternal anxiety affect the interaction between mothers and their very low birthweight children at 24 months?
### Response:
| Maternal anxiety in the NICU predicted adverse interactive behaviors when the children were 24 months corrected age. Early identification of anxious mothers in the NICU is needed in order to initiate preventive intervention to support the mother-infant relationship. |
### Instruction:
Is adaptive or maladaptive response to adenoviral adrenomedullin gene transfer context-dependent in the heart?
### Response:
| The results obtained in the present study show that AM overexpression improves LV systolic function without altering cardiac diastolic properties in the normal heart. Moreover, AM is a potent context-dependent modulator of LV remodeling because it promotes an adaptive response in pressure overload-induced LV hypertroph... |
### Instruction:
Does propofol protect hepatic L02 cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases pathway?
### Response:
| These findings demonstrate that propofol protects hepatic L02 cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis, partly through activating the MEK-ERK pathway and further suppressing Bad and Bax expression. |
### Instruction:
Are common variants in CDKAL1 , CDKN2A/B , IGF2BP2 , SLC30A8 , and HHEX/IDE genes associated with type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in a Chinese Han population?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that in Chinese Hans, common variants in CDKAL1, CDKN2A/B, IGF2BP2, and SLC30A8 loci independently or additively contribute to type 2 diabetes risk, likely mediated through beta-cell dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Does integrin-associated protein association with SRC homology 2 domain containing tyrosine phosphatase substrate 1 regulate igf-I signaling in vivo?
### Response:
| Taken together, our results support a model in which hyperglycemia is associated with a reduction in IAP cleavage, thus allowing the formation of the IAP-SHPS-1 signaling complex that is required for IGF-I-stimulated proliferation of SMC. |
### Instruction:
Is g/T substitution in intron 1 of the UNC13B gene associated with increased risk of nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes?
### Response:
| We identified a polymorphism in the UNC13B gene associated with nephropathy. UNC13B mediates apopotosis in glomerular cells in the presence of hyperglycemia, an event occurring early in the development of nephropathy. We propose that this polymorphism could be a marker for the initiation of nephropathy. However, furthe... |
### Instruction:
Are impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance associated with increased adipose 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression and elevated hepatic 5alpha-reductase activity?
### Response:
| Increased adipose 11beta-HSD1 expression in women may contribute to glucose intolerance. Enhanced 5alphaR activity in both sexes is associated with insulin resistance but not body composition. Augmented glucocorticoid inactivation may serve as a compensatory, protective mechanism to preserve insulin sensitivity. |
### Instruction:
Are low-molecular-weight heparins superior to vitamin K antagonists for the long term treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer : a cochrane systematic review?
### Response:
| For the long term treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer, LMWH compared to VKA reduces venous thromboembolism but not death. |
### Instruction:
Is methylation of class II transactivator gene promoter IV associated with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis?
### Response:
| The results of this study cannot support the notion that methylation of the pIV promoter of MHC2TA contributes to MS disease risk, although tissue and timing specific epigenetic modifications cannot be ruled out. |
### Instruction:
Do sacral insufficiency fractures caudal to instrumented posterior lumbosacral arthrodesis?
### Response:
| Sacral insufficiency fractures are an uncommon complication of segmental posterior lumbosacral fixation in osteoporotic patients. They are potentially unstable fractures and kyphosis and displacement may contribute to persistent problems of pain and postural malalignment. The diagnosis may be difficult and should be co... |
### Instruction:
Does adiponectin mitigate the severity of arthritis in mice with collagen-induced arthritis?
### Response:
| These data suggest that AD may play an anti-inflammatory role in the pathophysiology of RA. |
### Instruction:
Is the Nuclear Factor-kappa B p50 subunit involved in flow-induced outward arterial remodeling?
### Response:
| The NF-kappaB p50 subunit is involved in outward arterial remodeling. This is probably due to modulation of macrophage influx and adventitial collagen, leading to enhanced flow-induced outward arterial remodeling after targeted deletion of NF-kappaB subunit p50. |
### Instruction:
Does cpG oligodeoxynucleotide stimulate production of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in ANCA associated vasculitis?
### Response:
| Circulating ANCA autoreactive B cells are present in patients with ANCA+ vasculitis. The production of ANCA from these cells in response to unmethylated CpG stimulation lead us to propose that stimulation of these cells by immunostimulatory DNA sequences such as CpG oligodeoxynucleotide during infection may provide a l... |
### Instruction:
Do chemokine ( C-C motif ) receptor 5-using envelopes predominate in dual/mixed-tropic HIV from the plasma of drug-naive individuals?
### Response:
| These data show that the majority of viruses in these dual/mixed-tropic populations use CCR5 and suggest that antiretroviral-naive patients may benefit from combination therapy that includes CCR5 entry inhibitors. |
### Instruction:
Is the onset time of atracurium prolonged in patients with sickle cell disease?
### Response:
| Delayed onset time, together with unchanged duration of the neuromuscular blocking effect of atracurium, may be explained by an increased distribution volume of atracurium in patients with SCD. Our results suggest that monitoring of neuromuscular block may guide the time of tracheal intubation in patients with SCD. |
### Instruction:
Is fusiform function in children with an autism spectrum disorder a matter of `` who ''?
### Response:
| A selective fusiform deficit in response only to the faces of adult strangers may be the result of reduced attention and interest during those conditions. Face processing abnormalities found in autism beyond the fusiform likely exist. |
### Instruction:
Does a genomewide screen for chronic rhinosinusitis genes identify a locus on chromosome 7q?
### Response:
| Understanding the genes involved in CRS may lead to improvements in its diagnosis and treatment. Our results represent the first genome-wide screen for CRS and suggest that a locus on 7q31.1-7q32.1 influences disease susceptibility. This may be the CFTR gene or another nearby locus. |
### Instruction:
Does prolonged infusion of inhibitors of calcineurin or L-type calcium channels block mossy fiber sprouting in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy?
### Response:
| These findings suggest inhibiting calcineurin or L-type calcium channels does not block mossy fiber sprouting in the pilocarpine-treated rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. |
### Instruction:
Do clinical manifestations and beta cell function in Swedish diabetic children have remained unchanged during the last 25 years?
### Response:
| The clinical characteristics at diagnosis, partial remission and duration of C-peptide secretion have remained largely unchanged for the last 25 years. |
### Instruction:
Does thrombin enhance the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in cultured rat glomerular epithelial cells?
### Response:
| We demonstrated a novel role of thrombin: it stimulates the production of MCP-1 and MIP-2 by GECs. It is clinically important that the inhibition of these chemokines leads to the improvement of crescentic glomerulonephritis. Anti-thrombin drugs and prednisolone may be useful in treating crescentic glomerulonephritis. |
### Instruction:
Does prenatal activation of microglia induce delayed impairment of glutamatergic synaptic function?
### Response:
| Our results demonstrate that prenatal inflammation is sufficient to induce synaptic alterations with delay. We propose that these alterations triggered by prenatal activation of microglia provide a cellular basis for the neuropsychiatric defects induced by prenatal inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Is ubiquitination required for effective replication of coxsackievirus B3?
### Response:
| Coxsackievirus infection promotes protein ubiquitination, contributing to effective viral replication, probably through ubiquitin modification of viral polymerase. |
### Instruction:
Does the pleiotropic effects of simvastatin on retinal microvascular endothelium have important implications for ischaemic retinopathies?
### Response:
| A beneficial effect of low-dose simvastatin on ischaemic retinopathy is linked to angiogenic repair reducing ischaemia, thereby preventing pathological neovascularisation. High-dose simvastatin may be harmful by inhibiting reparative processes and inducing premature death of retinal microvascular endothelium which incr... |
### Instruction:
Is rickA expression sufficient to promote actin-based motility of Rickettsia raoultii?
### Response:
| These results, together with previously published data about R. typhi, strongly suggest that another factor, apart from RickA, may be involved with be responsible for actin-based motility in bacteria from the Rickettsia genus. |
### Instruction:
Does pelvic fractures due to fall from a height in people with mental disorders?
### Response:
| A strategy of injury prevention is vital in the subsequent management of these patients. |
### Instruction:
Does trastuzumab induce gastrointestinal side effects in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer patients?
### Response:
| Trastuzumab induces a range of gastrointestinal toxicities in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer patients. These toxicities are separate to those caused by concurrent chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. |
### Instruction:
Does vEGF stimulate HDAC7 phosphorylation and cytoplasmic accumulation modulating matrix metalloproteinase expression and angiogenesis?
### Response:
| Our results demonstrate that VEGF stimulates PKD1-dependent HDAC7 phosphorylation and cytoplasmic accumulation in endothelial cells modulating gene expression and angiogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Are macrophages and platelets the major source of protease nexin-1 in human atherosclerotic plaque?
### Response:
| Platelets and monocytes/macrophages are a major source of PN-1 in human atherothrombotic plaques. PN-1 could thus represent a new actor in the evolution of atherosclerotic lesions. |
### Instruction:
Is polymorphism in MHC class II transactivator gene associated with susceptibility to colorectal cancer in Swedish patients?
### Response:
| The results of this study suggest that -168A-->G polymorphism of the MHC2TA gene is not associated with susceptibility to CRC. |
### Instruction:
Is left ventricular apical rotation related to ambulatory blood pressure and body mass in healthy elderly females?
### Response:
| In healthy elderly females, there seems to be an interaction between LV apical rotation, BP and body mass. Peak apical rotation and peak diastolic rotation velocity correlate with indices of LV filling and ejection, indicating that suction, a crucial element for effective early LV filling, may be preserved in healthy e... |
### Instruction:
Does molecular phenotyping of thyroid tumors identify a marker panel for differentiated thyroid cancer diagnosis?
### Response:
| Evaluation of the DTC and benign thyroid tumor molecular phenotype has allowed for identification of a marker panel, composed of both established and novel markers, useful for thyroid cancer diagnosis. These results suggest that further study of the molecular profile of thyroid tumors is warranted, and a diagnostic mol... |
### Instruction:
Is variant rs9939609 in the FTO gene associated with obesity in an adult population from Spain?
### Response:
| Our results support the association of FTO gene variants with obesity, including parameters of visceral (abdominal) obesity, in an adult general population from Spain. Overall we confirm the previously reported association studies between variants in FTO gene and the risk of obesity. |
### Instruction:
Does lymph node status influence follow-up thyroglobulin levels in papillary thyroid cancer?
### Response:
| Lymph node metastases are associated with increased postablative Tg levels in PTC. More complete lymphadenectomy is associated with lowering of Tg levels. |
### Instruction:
Does chemotherapy with bevacizumab affect liver regeneration after portal vein embolization in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases?
### Response:
| Preoperative chemotherapy with bevacizumab does not impair liver regeneration after PVE. Liver resection can be performed safely in patients treated with bevacizumab before PVE. |
### Instruction:
Is nF-kappaB activation associated with homocysteine-induced injury in Neuro2a cells?
### Response:
| These observations suggest an involvement of redox state alterations and activated NF-kappaB in apoptosis onset triggered by homocysteine in neuroblastoma cells Neuro2a. However, further investigations are needed to characterize molecular events involved in the NF-kappaB activation induced by homocysteine. |
### Instruction:
Are idiopathic neuropathy patients at high risk for metabolic syndrome?
### Response:
| These findings demonstrate an association between neuropathy and metabolic syndrome features other than hyperglycemia. Lipid abnormalities are particularly prevalent among neuropathy subjects. |
### Instruction:
Do wegener 's granulomatosis patients show an adequate antibody response to influenza vaccination?
### Response:
| Influenza vaccination in WG patients with quiescent disease induced a sufficient antibody response. |
### Instruction:
Is interleukin-4 , a T-helper 2 cell cytokine , associated with the remission of periodontal disease?
### Response:
| The mean concentration of IL-4 decreased from periodontal health to disease. Thus, we suggest that type 2 helper T cell cytokine, as represented by IL-4, was associated with the remission or improvement of periodontal disease. |
### Instruction:
Does areca nut extract repress migration and differentiation while activating matrix metalloproteinase-9 of normal gingival epithelial cells?
### Response:
| The areca nut extract-mediated activation of MMP-9 in gingival epithelial cells could signify a potential periodontal pathogenesis in areca chewers. The areca nut extract-mediated inhibition of cell viability and migration, together with the changed aggregation in gingival epithelial cells, suggests that impairment of ... |
### Instruction:
Does apical tooth germ cell-conditioned medium enhance the differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells into cementum/periodontal ligament-like tissues?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that APTG-CM is able to provide a cementogenic microenvironment and induce differentiation of PDLSCs along the cementoblastic lineage. This has important implications for periodontal engineering. |
### Instruction:
Are t cells able to promote lipopolysaccharide-induced bone resorption in mice in the absence of B cells?
### Response:
| The results suggest that T cells are able to promote LPS-induced bone resorption in the absence of B cells. The expressions of cytokines in the presence of B cells are quite different. |
### Instruction:
Does insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 enhance the migration and differentiation of gingival epithelial cells?
### Response:
| Expression of IGFBP-5 in GEC is associated with anti-apoptosis, migration and differentiation of GEC. These phenotypic effects may be associated with focal adhesion kinase and are advantageous for re-epithelization of GEC and the maintenance of gingival health. |
### Instruction:
Does grade of left main coronary artery stenosis influence long-term mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery?
### Response:
| Grade of LMCA stenosis does not appear to influence early or long-term mortality after CABG performed during 1990-1999. |
### Instruction:
Does repeated image analyses improve accuracy in assessing arterial flow-mediated dilatation?
### Response:
| The major source of variability when assessing flow-mediated dilatation was found to be intraobserver variability. The simplest way to reduce total variability is for the observer to average results from repeated image analyses. We suggest that three repetitions are sufficient. This will reduce the total variance by 30... |
### Instruction:
Does aerobic interval training improve VO2 peak in coronary artery disease patients ; no additional effect from hyperoxia?
### Response:
| The present study shows that breathing 100% oxygen enriched air during aerobic interval training in stable coronary artery disease patients does not improve peak oxygen uptake above the level attained with normoxic training. |
### Instruction:
Does the administration of an adenoviral thymidine kinase suicide gene to the uterine artery of rabbits affect fertility : a safety study of pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits and their offspring?
### Response:
| Although AdvTK gene therapy may initially affect ovarian cells, the influence appears to be transient. However, after direct exposure of the ovarian cells in high concentration of adenoviruses, transmission of a transgene in the offspring cannot be excluded. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of Aurora A ( but not Aurora B ) predictive of survival in breast cancer?
### Response:
| Aurora A expression defines a population of patients with decreased survival, whereas Aurora B expression does not, suggesting that Aurora A might be the preferred drug target in breast cancer. Aurora A expression in early-stage breast cancer may identify a subset of patients requiring more aggressive or pathway-target... |
### Instruction:
Does transformation by oncogenic mutants and ligand-dependent activation of FLT3 wild-type require the tyrosine residues 589 and 591?
### Response:
| We identified two tyrosine residues, Y589 and Y591, in the juxtamembrane domain that are critical for the ligand-dependent activation of FLT3-WT and the transforming potential of oncogenic FLT3 mutants. |
### Instruction:
Do mast cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis?
### Response:
| These observations suggest that mast cells participate in the acute inflammatory reaction and the onset of ventricular remodeling associated with acute viral myocarditis and that the inhibition of their function may be therapeutic in this disease. |
### Instruction:
Are choline and creatine reliable denominators for calculating metabolite ratios in acute ischemic stroke?
### Response:
| Choline and creatine concentrations are not reliable denominators for metabolite ratios in acute stroke because their levels vary significantly in ischemic brain regions. |
### Instruction:
Is low dose cabergoline for hyperprolactinaemia associated with clinically significant valvular heart disease?
### Response:
| Cabergoline at doses sufficient to suppress hyperprolactinaemia for a period of 3-4 years is not associated with an increased risk of clinically significant valvular regurgitation. |
### Instruction:
Do scores from riding 's cognitive styles analysis have poor test-retest reliability?
### Response:
| CSA scores have poor test-retest reliability. Educators may wish to avoid using the CSA and should exercise caution when interpreting CSA scores. |
### Instruction:
Is the ubiquitin-like molecule interferon-stimulated gene 15 ( ISG15 ) a potential prognostic marker in human breast cancer?
### Response:
| Therefore, ISG15 may represent a novel breast tumour marker with prognostic significance and may be helpful in selecting patients for and predicting response to the treatment of human breast cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does self-affirmation reduce smokers ' defensiveness to graphic on-pack cigarette warning labels?
### Response:
| Self-affirmation can promote less defensive responding even to visual material about well-established health risks such as smoking. |
### Instruction:
Does conscientiousness predict disease progression ( CD4 number and viral load ) in people living with HIV?
### Response:
| The significant relationship between Conscientiousness and medication adherence, distress, and coping suggests that an assessment of Conscientiousness in patients with HIV may help specify or target behavioral interventions to promote optimal disease management. |
### Instruction:
Does human chorionic gonadotropin prevent Sjögren 's syndrome-like exocrinopathy in mice?
### Response:
| In NOD mice, HCG acts as an immune modulator and prevents the development of salivary gland exocrinopathy. These findings suggest that HCG, a naturally occurring reproductive hormone, may be useful in the treatment of Sjögren's syndrome and other human autoimmune diseases. |
### Instruction:
Do pharmacological activators of AMP-activated protein kinase have different effects on Na+ transport processes across human lung epithelial cells?
### Response:
| Activation of alpha1-AMPK is associated with inhibition of apical amiloride-sensitive Na(+) channels (ENaC), which has important implications for the clinical use of metformin. Additional pharmacological effects evoked by AICAR and phenformin on I(ouabain), with potential secondary effects on apical Na+ conductance, EN... |
### Instruction:
Is sch35966 a potent , selective agonist at the peripheral cannabinoid receptor ( CB2 ) in rodents and primates?
### Response:
| Taken together, the data show that Sch35966 is a potent and efficacious CB(2)-selective agonist in rodents and primates. |
### Instruction:
Does impedance manometry with viscous test solution increase detection of esophageal function defects compared to liquid swallows?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that a viscous solution detects significantly more manometric abnormalities than a liquid solution. Impedance diagnosis has greater similarity for both the liquid and viscous solutions. |
### Instruction:
Does acute dopamine D ( 1 ) and D ( 2 ) receptor stimulation modulate mismatch negativity ( MMN ) in healthy human subjects?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that acute D(1) and D(2) receptor stimulation does not modulate MMN. While the role of dopamine cannot be completely ruled out, the findings support the view that the aberrant MMN reported in schizophrenia may be linked primarily to glutamate dysfunction involving NMDA receptors. |
### Instruction:
Does the cyclolignan picropodophyllin attenuate intimal hyperplasia after rat carotid balloon injury by blocking insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor signaling?
### Response:
| These results show that PPP potently blocks IGF-1-mediated phosphorylation of the IGF-1 receptor in SMCs, decreases downstream Akt and ERK1/2 activation, inhibits SMC replication, and subsequently attenuates intimal hyperplasia after balloon injury of rat carotid arteries. |
### Instruction:
Does therapeutic ultrasound decrease mechano-growth factor messenger ribonucleic acid expression after muscle contusion injury?
### Response:
| The nonthermal ultrasound treatments resulted in decreased MGF mRNA expression after blunt trauma to the gastrocnemius muscles. |
### Instruction:
Is cOX-2 mRNA expression significantly increased in acid-exposed compared to nonexposed squamous epithelium in gastroesophageal reflux disease?
### Response:
| In summary our findings suggest that alterations in COX-2 mRNA expression occur independently of endoscopic or histologic signs of GERD in the acid-exposed squamous epithelium of the distal esophagus. However, this early COX-2 increase in GERD is further upregulated within the MDA sequence for yet unknown reasons. |
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