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### Instruction:
Are lower levels of in-stent late loss associated with the risk of stent thrombosis in patients receiving drug-eluting stents?
### Response:
| The risk of ST and LST after DES implantation is not related with ISLL values. A very low mean value of ISLL is nor associated with a higher risk of ST. |
### Instruction:
Does a line of mice selected for high blood ethanol concentrations show drinking in the dark to intoxication?
### Response:
| These mice will be useful for mechanistic studies of the biological and genetic contributions to excessive drinking. |
### Instruction:
Are tGF-beta repressors SnoN and Ski implicated in human colorectal carcinogenesis?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that SnoN and Ski exert oncogenic effects in human colorectal carcinogenesis and their overexpression is implicated in early stage disease. |
### Instruction:
Does multidrug-resistance-associated protein play a protective role in menadione-induced oxidative stress in endothelial cells?
### Response:
| We conclude that MRP plays a vital role in protecting BAECs against menadione-induced oxidative stress, presumably due to its ability to transport glutathione S-conjugate. |
### Instruction:
Are common variants in interleukin-1-Beta gene associated with intracranial hemorrhage and susceptibility to brain arteriovenous malformation?
### Response:
| IL-1beta promoter polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of ICH in BAVM clinical course and with BAVM susceptibility. These results suggest that inflammatory pathways, including the IL-1beta cytokine, may play an important role in ICH. |
### Instruction:
Does sustained replication in endometrium of women with endometriosis occur without evoking a DNA damage response?
### Response:
| These findings demonstrate that the state of replication seen in secretory phase endometrium from women with active peritoneal endometriosis is not a simple extension of the proliferative phase. |
### Instruction:
Do llama-derived single-domain intrabodies inhibit secretion of hepatitis B virions in mice?
### Response:
| VHHs potently inhibited secretion of HBV virions in vivo, showing that this approach might be useful in the treatment of HBV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of intrabody-mediated inhibition of viral secretion in mammals. |
### Instruction:
Does 24-h smoking abstinence potentiate fMRI-BOLD activation to smoking cues in cerebral cortex and dorsal striatum?
### Response:
| The present findings indicate that smoking abstinence significantly potentiates neural responses to smoking-related cues in brain regions subserving visual sensory processing, attention, and action planning. Moreover, greater abstinence-induced craving was significantly correlated with increased smoking cue activation in dmPFC areas involved in action planning and decision making. These findings suggest that drug abstinence can increase the salience of conditioned cues, which is consistent with incentive-motivation models of addiction. |
### Instruction:
Does eUS clarify the natural history and ideal management of GISTs?
### Response:
| EUS elucidates GIST natural history and can help guide management. GISTs larger than 17 mm should be monitored by EUS and considered for more aggressive treatment. Searching for synchronous tumors in patients with GISTs should be considered. |
### Instruction:
Does complement factor H Y402H decrease cardiovascular disease risk in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia?
### Response:
| Among patients with severely increased risk of early onset CVD, the Y402H CFH variant was inversely associated with susceptibility to CVD. This suggests that CFH is a modifier gene of CVD. |
### Instruction:
Is plasma sFlt-1-to-PlGF ratio correlated with inflammatory but not with oxidative stress in Chinese preeclamptic women?
### Response:
| In Chinese preeclamptic women, plasma sFlt-1-to-PlGF ratio is correlated with inflammatory and adipocytokines but not with oxidative stress. |
### Instruction:
Is triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio an independent predictor for coronary heart disease in a population of Iranian men?
### Response:
| The evaluation of TG/HDL-C ratio should be considered for CHD risk prediction in our male population with a high prevalence of MetS. |
### Instruction:
Are creatinine and eGFR similarly predictive of outcome of acute coronary syndrome?
### Response:
| Creatinine and eGFR are similarly predictive in stratifying risk of mortality and MACE in 'real world' patients with acute coronary syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Does reduced production of sulfated glycosaminoglycans occur in Zambian children with kwashiorkor but not marasmus?
### Response:
| Intestinal HSPG loss occurs in kwashiorkor, which may precipitate protein-losing enteropathy to cause edema. If occurring systemically, impaired HSPG expression could cause several previously unexplained features of kwashiorkor. We speculate that a genetic predisposition to reduced HSPG biosynthesis may offer a contrasting selective advantage, by both diminishing protein catabolism during transient undernutrition and protecting against specific infectious diseases. |
### Instruction:
Are knee-extension strength , postural control and function related to fracture type and thigh edema in patients with hip fracture?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that fracture type and the corresponding thigh edema are important factors influencing physical performances after hip fracture. These findings have important implications for rehabilitation programs and for further research in patients with hip fracture. |
### Instruction:
Are telomere length , telomeric proteins and DNA damage repair proteins differentially expressed between primary lung tumors and their adrenal metastases?
### Response:
| There are clear molecular discrepancies at the telomeric and DDR level between primary tumors and their corresponding metastases. Our results may have important implications for the development of molecular targeted therapies aiming at DNA damage repair and telomeric components. Our findings suggest that primary tumors and their relevant metastases may respond differently to such approaches. |
### Instruction:
Is allogeneic blood transfusion given before radiotherapy associated with the poor clinical outcome in patients with cervical cancer?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that allogeneic blood transfusions given before radiotherapy may be associated with higher incidence of distant metastases and decreased survival in patients with stage IIB cervical cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is transsternal maximal thymectomy effective for extirpation of cervical ectopic thymic tissue in the treatment of myasthenia gravis?
### Response:
| TSMT is more effective in the extirpation of ectopic thymic tissues than TSET without significant impairment of safety, especially in the cervical area. |
### Instruction:
Does acidic pH shock induce the expressions of a wide range of stress-response genes?
### Response:
| From these observations, an acidic pH shock was considered to be one of the strongest stresses to influence a wide range of sigma factors and shock-related proteins including general stress response proteins. The upregulation of the sigma factors and shock proteins already found to be related to actinorhodin biosynthesis was considered to have contributed to enhanced actinorhodin productivity by mediating the pH shock signal to regulators or biosynthesis genes for actinorhodin production. |
### Instruction:
Do environmental rRNA inventories miss over half of protistan diversity?
### Response:
| The use of a single pair of primers leads to significant underestimation of the true community richness at all levels of taxonomic hierarchy. The majority of available protistan rRNA gene surveys likely sampled less than half of the target diversity, and might have completely missed the rest. The use of multiple PCR primers reduces this bias but does not necessarily eliminate it. |
### Instruction:
Does reduction in bone resorption by exogenous glucagon-like peptide-2 administration require an intact gastrointestinal tract?
### Response:
| Reductions in bone resorption by exogenous GLP-2 require an intact gastrointestinal tract. The decreased meal-induced inhibition of bone resorption in the jejunostomy patients, who lack a GLP-2 response, supports the view that GLP-2 plays a role in postprandial reduction in bone resorption. |
### Instruction:
Does helicobacter pylori infection induce a reversible expression of the CDX2 transcription factor protein in human gastric epithelium?
### Response:
| Expression of CDX2 at low intensity is common in the epithelium of normal antrum, and this expression is enhanced in H. pylori gastritis. Expression of CDX2 is reversible at least in antrum after eradication of H. pylori infection. |
### Instruction:
Does response evaluation by endoscopy , rebiopsy , and endoscopic ultrasound accurately predict histopathologic regression after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for esophageal cancer?
### Response:
| Histomorphologic regression is an objective response parameter of significant prognostic importance. The diagnostic accuracy of endoscopy, rebiopsy, and EUS is inadequate for objective response evaluation after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and can be omitted for this purpose in the clinical practice. |
### Instruction:
Is sentinel node tumor burden according to the Rotterdam criteria the most important prognostic factor for survival in melanoma patients : a multicenter study in 388 patients with positive sentinel nodes?
### Response:
| This large multicenter dataset establishes that patients with SUB-micrometastases <0.1 mm have the same prognosis as SN negative patients and can be spared a CLND. A <0.2 mm cut-off for SUB-micrometastases does not seem correct for melanoma, as 10% additional nodal positivity is found. |
### Instruction:
Is apoE phenotype associated with inflammatory markers in middle-aged subjects?
### Response:
| ApoE phenotype is an independent determinant of plasma resistin and hsCRP levels. The extent of atherosclerosis and renal function seem to modify the effects of apoE phenotype on inflammatory parameters. |
### Instruction:
Are impairment of short-term memory and Korsakoff syndrome common in AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus encephalitis?
### Response:
| The location of CMV in the brain corresponded well to the clinical findings, demonstrating the close relationship between the neurological symptoms and the neuroanatomical lesions. |
### Instruction:
Does r632W mutation in PLA2G6 segregate with dystonia-parkinsonism in a consanguineous Iranian family?
### Response:
| We conclude that different and even identical PLA2G6 mutations may cause neurodegenerative diseases with heterogeneous clinical manifestations, including INAD, NBIA and dystonia-parkinsonism. |
### Instruction:
Is a novel homozygous mutation in CYP11A1 gene associated with late-onset adrenal insufficiency and hypospadias in a 46 , XY patient?
### Response:
| This case represents the mildest phenotype of P450scc deficiency to be described. The phenotypic presentation was consistent with the partial reduction of P450scc activity of L222P mutant. |
### Instruction:
Does methylphenidate restore link between stop-signal sensory impact and successful stopping in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
### Response:
| A .6 mg/kg dose of methylphenidate improves stopping performance and directly targets a stop-related brain mechanism that has been reported before to be compromised in a group of ADHD patients. This mechanism was not influenced by acute serotonergic reuptake inhibition. |
### Instruction:
Does route of epoetin administration influence hemoglobin variability in hemodialysis patients?
### Response:
| The subcutaneous route of epoetin was associated with modestly higher hemoglobin variability, probably reflecting greater sensitivity of the subcutaneous route and/or identical epoetin-dosing algorithm employed in both the arms. This study could serve as an important guide when bundling for dialysis services is implemented as switching from intravenous to subcutaneous administration is likely to occur. |
### Instruction:
Does coupling factor 6 enhance Src-mediated responsiveness to angiotensin II in resistance arterioles and cells?
### Response:
| CF6 causes hypertension by directly enhancing Ca2+ signalling in VSMCs and vasoconstriction in the mesenteric arteriolar network via c-Src activation. |
### Instruction:
Does novel clomiphene `` stair-step '' protocol reduce time to ovulation in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome?
### Response:
| It is not necessary to induce menses before increasing clomiphene doses in nonresponsive PCOS patients. |
### Instruction:
Are free T4 immunoassays flawed during pregnancy?
### Response:
| Neither FT4 immunoassay accurately reflects established free T4 changes during pregnancy. TT4 and the FT4I retained an appropriate inverse relationship with TSH throughout pregnancy and appear to provide a more reliable free T4 estimate. |
### Instruction:
Does intratumoural heterogeneity of intestinal expression reflect environmental induction and progression-related loss of induction in undifferentiated-type gastric carcinomas?
### Response:
| In LS(+) UGCs, intestinal expression showed dynamic alteration probably by environmental induction and progression-related loss of induction, whereas it was relatively stable in LS(-)/TC(+) UGCs. Thus, intestinal expression in UGCs is not useful as a marker of tumour progression because it is also affected by environmental factors and genetic lineage. |
### Instruction:
Is genetic variation in the promoter region of chitinase 3-like 1 associated with atopy?
### Response:
| These results strongly suggest that the g.-247C/T polymorphism in the CHI3L1 promoter region is associated with the risk of atopy. |
### Instruction:
Is early tumor drug pharmacokinetics influenced by tumor perfusion but not plasma drug exposure?
### Response:
| Tumor perfusion is a key factor that influences tumor drug uptake/exposure. Tumor vasculature-targeting strategies may thus result in improved tumor drug exposure and therefore drug efficacy. |
### Instruction:
Is diabetes-linked zinc transporter ZnT8 a homodimeric protein expressed by distinct rodent endocrine cell types in the pancreas and other glands?
### Response:
| We provide novel insights into the features of the ZnT8 transporter, of special relevance in light of its proposed role as therapeutical target for diabetes treatment. |
### Instruction:
Do low retinol levels differentially modulate bile salt-induced expression of human and mouse hepatic bile salt transporters?
### Response:
| We showed that 9cRA has opposite effects on bile salt-activated transcription of FXR/RXRalpha target genes. Vitamin A deficiency in CA-fed mice leads to high BSEP expression. Clearance of serum bile salts may, however, be limited because of post-transcriptional reduction of Ntcp. The molecular effects of vitamin A supplementation during cholestasis need further analysis to predict a therapeutic effect. |
### Instruction:
Is for patients with predicted low risk for choledocholithiasis undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy , selective intraoperative cholangiography and postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography an effective strategy to limit unnecessary procedures?
### Response:
| For patients who underwent LC, we performed selective IOC with postoperative ERCP for positive studies. Review of our experience using this algorithm showed it to be a powerful tool in limiting unnecessary ERCPs. Our data suggest that routine preoperative ERCP cannot be justified. Selective IOC during LC misses relatively few cases of biliary stones; these can be managed quickly by experienced endoscopists. |
### Instruction:
Does dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine ameliorate scopolamine-induced impairment of spatial learning and memory by targeting alpha7 nicotinic ACh receptors?
### Response:
| The results of the present study show that DLPhtCho improves scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits, possibly by facilitating hippocampal synaptic transmission under the control of alpha7 ACh receptors. DLPhtCho, therefore, could be developed as a beneficial anti-dementia drug. |
### Instruction:
Does targeting heat-shock protein 90 improve efficacy of rapamycin in a model of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice?
### Response:
| Blocking Hsp90 disrupts rapamycin-induced activation of alternative signaling pathways in HCCs and substantially improves the growth-inhibitory effects of mTOR inhibition in vivo. Hence, the concept of targeting tumor cells, ECs, and VSMCs by blocking Hsp90/mTOR could prove valuable for treatment of HCC. |
### Instruction:
Do cD56+ T cells inhibit hepatitis C virus replication in human hepatocytes?
### Response:
| These findings provide direct in vitro evidence at cellular and molecular levels that CD56(+) T cells may have an essential role in innate immune cell-mediated defense against HCV infection. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.). |
### Instruction:
Do bile acids activate fibroblast growth factor 19 signaling in human hepatocytes to inhibit cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene expression?
### Response:
| The hepatic FGF19/FGFR4/Erk1/2 pathway may inhibit CYP7A1 independent of SHP. In addition to inducing FGF19 in the intestine, bile acids in hepatocytes may activate the liver FGF19/FGFR4 signaling pathway to inhibit bile acid synthesis and prevent accumulation of toxic bile acid in human livers. |
### Instruction:
Do rat hepatocyte spheroids formed by rocked technique maintain differentiated hepatocyte gene expression and function?
### Response:
| Spheroid formation by rocker technique was more rapid and more efficient than by rotational technique. Rocker-formed spheroids appear suitable for application in a bioartificial liver or as an in vitro liver tissue construct. |
### Instruction:
Is esophageal tumor length independently associated with long-term survival?
### Response:
| Esophageal tumor length is an independent predictor of long-term survival in the current era and should be considered for incorporation into the current esophageal cancer staging system to better predict long-term survival and identify high-risk patients for postoperative therapy. |
### Instruction:
Do early changes in tumor size in patients treated for advanced stage nonsmall cell lung cancer correlate with survival?
### Response:
| There is no evidence of a relation between early changes in tumor size and survival among patients with advanced stage NSCLC. To predict survival in patients with advanced NSCLC, response criteria other than change in lesion size are needed. |
### Instruction:
Do circulating markers of endothelial dysfunction interact with proteinuria in predicting mortality in renal transplant recipients?
### Response:
| In RTR, UPE is correlated with sVCAM-1 but not with sICAM-1. Furthermore, RTR with proteinuria and high concentrations of sICAM-1 or sVCAM-1 have an increased risk for death, compared with RTR without proteinuria, whereas this is not the case in RTR with proteinuria but low concentrations of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1. These results suggest that ED plays a role in the association of proteinuria with mortality after renal transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Does bortezomib provide effective therapy for antibody- and cell-mediated acute rejection?
### Response:
| Bortezomib therapy: (1) provides effective treatment of AMR and ACR with minimal toxicity and (2) provides sustained reduction in iDSA and non-iDSA levels. Bortezomib represents the first effective antihumoral therapy with activity in humans that targets plasma cells. |
### Instruction:
Do proteomic analysis of regenerated rabbit lenses reveal crystallin expression characteristic of adult rabbits?
### Response:
| Proteomic analysis revealed that crystallin expression in regenerated rabbit lenses was analogous to that of natural lenses of adult rabbits but was different from that of very young rabbits (two weeks old), and TEM revealed the presence of morphological changes in the epithelial cells of regenerated lenses. These results suggest that the regrowth of lens materials in the lens capsule after endocapsular phacoemulsification might actually represent the regeneration of "mature" lens substances, which have led us to the conclusion that the regenerative process does not exactly mimic embryonic development. |
### Instruction:
Do hCV coinfection associated with slower disease progression in HIV-infected former plasma donors naïve to ART?
### Response:
| These data indicated HCV coinfection with HIV-1 is associated with the slower disease progression at the very late stage when comparing with HIV-1 mono-infection. The coinfection of Toxoplasma with HIV and HCV did not exert additional influence on the disease progression. It will be highly interesting to further explore the underlying mechanism for this observation in the future. |
### Instruction:
Does melatonin protect liver from intestine ischemia reperfusion injury in rats?
### Response:
| Exotic melatonin can inhibit the activity of ALT, AST and TNF-alpha, decrease the accumulation of MDA, and depress the expression of ICAM-1 in liver after intestinal IR injury, thus improving the liver function. |
### Instruction:
Does manual in-line stabilization increase pressures applied by the laryngoscope blade during direct laryngoscopy and orotracheal intubation?
### Response:
| Pressures applied to airway tissues by the laryngoscope blade are secondarily transmitted to the cervical spine and result in cranio-cervical motion. In the presence of cervical instability, impaired glottic visualization and secondary increases in pressure application with MILS have the potential to increase pathologic cranio-cervical motion. |
### Instruction:
Does rigid laryngoscope-assisted insertion of transesophageal echocardiography probe reduce oropharyngeal mucosal injury in anesthetized patients?
### Response:
| Rigid laryngoscope-assisted insertion of the transesophageal echocardiography probe reduces the incidence of oropharyngeal mucosal injury, odynophagia, and the number of insertion attempts. |
### Instruction:
Do validation for quantification of immunoglobulins by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry?
### Response:
| Together with PLS analysis, FT-IR spectrometry appears to be an easy-to-use and accurate method to determine multianalyte concentrations in dried human plasma. It could be an alternative tool for rapidly quantifying many molecules after developing a specific predictive model. |
### Instruction:
Is cyclooxygenase-2 expression an independent predictor of poor prognosis in colon cancer?
### Response:
| COX-2 overexpression is associated with worse survival among colon cancer patients. The effect of COX-2 on clinical outcome may be modified by p53 status. |
### Instruction:
Does equine Multiple Congenital Ocular Anomalies map to a 4.9 megabase interval on horse chromosome 6?
### Response:
| The MCOA locus can with high confidence be positioned within a 4.9 megabase (Mb) interval on ECA6q. The genotype data on UPP5, PMEL17ex11 and UPP6 strongly support the hypothesis that horses with the Cyst phenotype are heterozygous for the mutant allele and that horses with the MCOA phenotype are homozygous for the mutant allele. |
### Instruction:
Does a multilocus assay reveal high nucleotide diversity and limited differentiation among Scandinavian willow grouse ( Lagopus lagopus )?
### Response:
| We found unusually high levels of nucleotide diversity in the Scandinavian willow grouse as well as very little population structure among localities with up to 1647 km distance. There are also low levels of linkage disequilibrium within the genes and the population recombination rate is high, which is indicative of an old panmictic population, where recombination has had time to break up any haplotype blocks. The non-synonymous nucleotide diversity is low compared with the silent, which is in agreement with effective purifying selection, possibly due to the large effective population size. |
### Instruction:
Does tyrosine phosphatase beta regulate angiopoietin-Tie2 signaling in human endothelial cells?
### Response:
| These results reveal a novel role for HPTPbeta in modulating Ang-1-Tie2 signaling and endothelial cell survival. |
### Instruction:
Is serum adiponectin associated with family history of diabetes independently of obesity and insulin resistance in healthy Korean men and women?
### Response:
| These results confirm that adiponectin levels are associated with FHD. These data also suggest that the association of serum adiponectin with FHD may be independent of obesity and insulin resistance. |
### Instruction:
Does ciprofloxacin sensitize hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell lines to doxorubicin and docetaxel treatment on a schedule-dependent manner?
### Response:
| Ciprofloxacin sensitized HRPC cells to doxorubicin or docetaxel-induced growth inhibition and, therefore, may play a role as chemosensitizing agent in prostate cancer treatment. |
### Instruction:
Is human papillomavirus 6 seropositivity associated with risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma , independent of tobacco and alcohol use?
### Response:
| There may be interactions between positive serology and drinking and smoking, suggesting that the pathogenesis of human papillomavirus in HNSCC involves complex interactions with tobacco and alcohol exposure. |
### Instruction:
Do ten years follow-up after deep sclerectomy with collagen implant?
### Response:
| On the basis of a 10-year follow-up deep sclerectomy with collagen implant demonstrated its efficacy in controlling IOP with few postoperative complications. |
### Instruction:
Are a history of childhood behavioral inhibition and enhanced response monitoring in adolescence linked to clinical anxiety?
### Response:
| Physiological measures of response monitoring might moderate associations between early-childhood BI and risk for psychopathology. The subset of children with BI and enhanced response monitoring might face greater risk for later-life clinical anxiety than children with either BI or enhanced response monitoring alone. |
### Instruction:
Do incidence and indications for revision cochlear implant surgery in adults and children?
### Response:
| Revision cochlear implant surgery is an infrequent occurrence. Its incidence appears to be higher in children than in adults, although in this series does not appear to be due to increased wound complications, infections, or trauma. Explanted implants that have soft failure as the etiology may have demonstrable defects on bench testing. |
### Instruction:
Does spent culture medium from virulent Borrelia burgdorferi increase permeability of individually perfused microvessels of rat mesentery?
### Response:
| A mediator(s) produced by virulent Bb under culture conditions directly activates endothelial cells, resulting in increases in microvessel permeability. Most importantly, the production of this mediator is associated with Bb virulence and is likely produced by one or more of the 8 plasmid(s) missing from strain B31-A. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Aberrant expression of sperm protein 17 enhance migration of ovarian cancer cell line HO-8910 ]?
### Response:
| The aberrant expression of Sp17 greatly enhances the migration of ovarian cancer cells. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Vector-mediated shRNA inhibit HIF-1alpha expression in prostate cancer cells ]?
### Response:
| The shRNA vector was successfully constructed, which can effectively suppress the expression of HIF-1alpha in prostate cancer cells. |
### Instruction:
Is interleukin-18 a strong predictor of cardiovascular events in elderly men with the metabolic syndrome : synergistic effect of inflammation and hyperglycemia?
### Response:
| IL-18 was an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in subjects with metabolic syndrome and even more so in the presence of elevated fasting glucose. Our findings suggest a mutually potentiating effect of hyperglycemia and inflammation in cardiovascular risk prediction. |
### Instruction:
Does prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis longer than 24 hours decrease surgical site infection after elective gastric and colorectal surgery?
### Response:
| From our findings, SSI rate did not decrease with longer duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis. We concluded that we must recognize that the cause of postoperative wound infection is multimodal, and should not rely on antibiotics to prevent postoperative SSI but that surgeons should reduce the risk for postoperative SSI. |
### Instruction:
Does interactive video instruction improve the quality of dispatcher-assisted chest compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation in simulated cardiac arrests?
### Response:
| The addition of interactive video communication to dispatcher-assisted chest compression-only CPR initially delayed the commencement of chest compressions, but subsequently improved the depth and rate of compressions. The benefit was achieved mainly through real-time feedback. |
### Instruction:
Does genetic association of the major histocompatibility complex with rheumatoid arthritis implicate two non-DRB1 loci?
### Response:
| These results confirm the polygenic contribution of the MHC to RA and implicate 2 additional non-DRB1 susceptibility loci. The role of the HLA-DQ locus in RA has been a subject of controversy, but in our data, it appears to be spurious. |
### Instruction:
Does constant ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis predict risk of scarring in children in Tanzania?
### Response:
| Children with constant infection are also likely to have constant severe trachoma, and their 5-year risk of scarring is high compared with children with sporadic severe trachoma or infection. These data further support the presence of a subgroup of children who cannot clear infection with C. trachomatis, who may manifest a severe immunologic response to infection, and who are at increased risk of scarring sequelae. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Artesunate suppress human endometrial carcinoma RL95-2 cell proliferation by inducing cell apoptosis ]?
### Response:
| Artesunate suppressed the proliferation of RL95-2 cells in vitro possibly by inducing cell apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Do perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic transhiatal inversion esophagectomy compare favorably with those of combined thoracoscopic-laparoscopic esophagectomy?
### Response:
| LIE provides safe and effective approach to minimally invasive esophagectomy for patients with early esophageal cancer and high-grade dysplasia. Compared with TLE, inversion esophagectomy requires less operative time and has lower operative blood loss and length of hospital stay. LIE may also result in fewer perioperative cardiac and pulmonary complications compared with TLE. Based on these results, we reserve TLE for more advanced esophageal cancer and those undergoing preoperative radiochemotherapy. |
### Instruction:
Does a tip-localized RhoGAP control cell polarity by globally inhibiting Rho GTPase at the cell apex?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that the REN1 RhoGAP controls a negative-feedback-based global inhibition of ROP1. This function provides a critical self-organizing mechanism, by which ROP signaling is spatially limited to the growth site and temporally oscillates during continuous tip growth. Similar spatiotemporal control of Rho GTPase signaling may also play an important role in cell-polarity control in other systems, including tip growth in fungi and cell movement in animals. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Improving myocardial mechanics parameters of severe burn rabbits with oral fluid resuscitation ]?
### Response:
| Effective oral fluid therapy in severe burn rabbits during 24 hours after burn can ameliorate myocardial mechanics parameters. The amount of fluid resuscitation can be estimated according to relevant formula for delayed fluid resuscitation in burn rabbits. |
### Instruction:
Do [ The effect of stimulation of toss simulated at sea on shock in severe burn rabbits ]?
### Response:
| The toss simulated at sea can significantly aggravate shock and the renal damages in severe burn rabbits. |
### Instruction:
Does high serum des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin level predict poor prognosis after radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma?
### Response:
| High DCP levels reflect the biologic aggressiveness and progression of HCC tumors. In the aforementioned cases, we recommend surgical resection rather than RFA for such patients. |
### Instruction:
Does sERPINA3K prevent oxidative stress induced necrotic cell death by inhibiting calcium overload?
### Response:
| These results for the first time demonstrate that SERPINA3K is an endogenous serpin which protects cells from oxidative stress-induced cells death, and its protective effect is via blocking the calcium overload through the PLC pathway. The decreased retinal levels of SERPINA3K may represent a new pathogenic mechanism for the retinal Müller cell dysfunction and neuron loss in diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Does use of integrated malaria management reduce malaria in Kenya?
### Response:
| The usage of a combination of malaria control tools in an integrated fashion by residents of Mwea division might have influenced the decreased malaria cases in the district hospital and in the school children. A vigorous campaign emphasizing IMM should be adopted and expanded in Mwea division and in other areas with different eco-epidemiological patterns of malaria transmission. With sustained implementation and support from community members integrated malaria management can reduce malaria significantly in affected communities in Africa. |
### Instruction:
Is sDF1 gene variation associated with circulating SDF1alpha level and endothelial progenitor cell number : the Bruneck Study?
### Response:
| Our data indicate that a SDF1 gene variation (rs2297630) has an influence on SDF1alpha level and circulating EPC number, and that plasma SDF1alpha level is a predictor of EPC number. |
### Instruction:
Does dry lab practice lead to improved laparoscopic performance in the operating room?
### Response:
| Practice in a simulator leads to improved performance in that simulator and in a live operative model. We believe that this is evidence that laparoscopic skills developed in a dry laboratory setting are transferable to the operating room. |
### Instruction:
Does peeling of internal limiting membrane during vitrectomy for complicated retinal detachment prevent epimacular membrane formation?
### Response:
| ILM peeling at the macula during vitreous surgery with silicone oil for the treatment of complicated retinal detachment may prevent epimacular membrane formation without negatively affecting distant visual acuity. |
### Instruction:
Is the NOS3 G894T ( Glu298Asp ) polymorphism a risk factor for frontotemporal lobar degeneration?
### Response:
| The NOS3 G894T polymorphism likely acts as risk factor for sporadic FTLD, but studies in larger populations are needed to confirm these preliminary findings. |
### Instruction:
Does methylprednisolone restore biological response in multiple sclerosis patients with neutralizing antibodies against interferon-β?
### Response:
| Monthly pulsed MP treatment in NAb positive patients has no beneficial effect on NAb status or IFN-beta bioactivity. |
### Instruction:
Does infliximab prevent Crohn 's disease recurrence after ileal resection?
### Response:
| Administration of infliximab after intestinal resective surgery was effective at preventing endoscopic and histologic recurrence of Crohn's disease. |
### Instruction:
Is skull fracture , with or without clinical signs , in mTBI an independent risk marker for neurosurgically relevant intracranial lesion : a cohort study?
### Response:
| Skull fracture, with or without clinical signs, in mTBI patients is associated with an increased risk of neurosurgically-relevant intracranial lesion. |
### Instruction:
Do catheter closure of atrial septal defects with deficient inferior vena cava rim under transesophageal echo guidance?
### Response:
| Transcatheter closure of ASDs with deficient IVC rim is feasible under TEE guidance. The modified retroflexed view allows adequate imaging of IVC rim through TEE. |
### Instruction:
Is down-regulation of GRP78 associated with the sensitivity of chemotherapy to VP-16 in small cell lung cancer NCI-H446 cells?
### Response:
| BAPTA-AM is a strong inhibitor of GRP78 in the NCI-H446 cell line, the down-regulation of GRP78 can significantly increase the sensitivity to VP-16. The suppression of GRP78 may offer a new surrogated therapeutic approach to the clinical management of lung cancer. |
### Instruction:
Are pLAC4 and beta-HCG mRNA levels altered in the maternal circulation of pregnancies with trisomy 21?
### Response:
| Maternal blood levels of beta-HCG-, PLAC4- and PAPP-A mRNAs are not useful markers for the screening of pregnancies with trisomy 21 as their concentrations are either not significantly altered (beta-HCG and PLAC4) or too low to be detected (PAPP-A). |
### Instruction:
Are elevated heat shock protein 60 levels associated with higher risk of coronary heart disease in Chinese?
### Response:
| Elevated Hsp60 levels are associated with an increased risk for CHD, and Hsp60 and anti-Hsp60 antibody levels combine to increase this risk. In addition, acute myocardial infarction induces Hsp60 release. |
### Instruction:
Are multiple sodium channel isoforms and mitogen-activated protein kinases present in painful human neuromas?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that multiple sodium channel isoforms (Nav1.3, Nav1.7, and Nav1.8), as well as activated p38 and ERK1/2 MAP kinases, are expressed in painful human neuromas, indicating that these molecules merit study as possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of pain associated with traumatic neuromas. |
### Instruction:
Is the brain in the age of old : the hippocampal formation targeted differentially by diseases of late life?
### Response:
| Taken together with previous findings, these results clarify how diseases of late life differentially target the hippocampal formation, identify elevations in blood glucose as a contributing cause of age-related memory decline, and suggest specific interventions that can preserve cognitive health. |
### Instruction:
Is fast activity at seizure onset mediated by inhibitory circuits in the entorhinal cortex in vitro?
### Response:
| We conclude that in an acute model of temporal lobe ictogenesis, sustained inhibition without firing of EC principal neurons correlates with the onset of a focal seizure. The progression of the ictal discharge is contributed by a potassium-dependent change in reversal potential of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. These findings demonstrate a prominent role of inhibitory networks during the transition to seizure in the EC. |
### Instruction:
Are common NOD2 mutations absent in patients with Crohn 's disease in India?
### Response:
| The three NOD2 gene mutations described above are uncommon in Indian patients with Crohn's disease. This study complements information provided by recent studies on NOD2 mutations in Indians. |
### Instruction:
Do flanking signal and mature peptide residues influence signal peptide cleavage?
### Response:
| We conclude that the peptide segment recognized by SPase I extends to the start of the mature protein to a limited extent, upon our survey of the amino acid residues surrounding the cleavage processing site. These flanking residues possibly influence the cleavage processing and contribute to non-canonical cleavage sites. Our findings are applicable in defining more accurate prediction tools for recognition and identification of cleavage site of SPs. |
### Instruction:
Are community-specific modifications essential for objective assessment of maternal dietary intake -- Pune Maternal Nutrition Study?
### Response:
| Simple modifications to conventional methods backed by understanding of community specifics and nutritional peculiarities are of immense importance in obtaining objective estimates of daily nutritional intakes of individuals in free-living populations. The approach would be adaptable in similar settings in other developing countries. |
### Instruction:
Does miR-192 regulate dihydrofolate reductase and cellular proliferation through the p53-microRNA circuit?
### Response:
| These results indicate that miR-192 may be another miRNA candidate that is involved in the p53 tumor suppressor network with significant effect on cell cycle control and cell proliferation. |
### Instruction:
Do polymorphisms in the regulatory region of the Cyclophilin A gene influence the susceptibility for HIV-1 infection?
### Response:
| The results obtained in this study suggest that the A1650G polymorphism in the regulatory region of the CypA gene may be associated with protection from HIV-1 infection, while the 1604G allele may have a weak association with the clinical course of infection in DU. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA enhance the effect of 5-FU-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that 5-FU-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells can be enhanced by the inhibitor of autophagy, 3-MA. Autophagy might play a role as a self-defense mechanism in 5-FU-treated colon cancer cells, and its inhibition could be a promising strategy for the adjuvant chemotherapy of colon cancer. |
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