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### Instruction:
Are first-trimester screening markers altered in pregnancies conceived after IVF/ICSI?
### Response:
| It seems advisable to use a population of IVF/ICSI pregnancies to establish median curves for the first-trimester serum screening parameters and perhaps also for nuchal translucency thickness. However, care must be taken, as different ART treatment methods and aspects of medical history seem to alter the screening parameters in different ways. |
### Instruction:
Do thyroid hormone receptor ligands induce regression of rat preneoplastic liver lesions causing their reversion to a differentiated phenotype?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that activated TRs negatively influence the carcinogenic process through induction of a differentiation program of preneoplastic hepatocytes. The results also suggest that TRs could be a meaningful target in liver cancer therapy. |
### Instruction:
Is the colposcopic feature ridge sign associated with the presence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 and human papillomavirus 16 in young women?
### Response:
| Ridge sign is a highly specific marker for CIN 2 or 3 and associated with HPV 16 and young age. |
### Instruction:
Does hOXB4 but not BMP4 confer self-renewal properties to ES-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells?
### Response:
| Although BMP-4 promotes hematopoiesis of ES cells, its impact is only transient, whereas permanent ectopic expression of HOXB4 significantly confers self-renewal and long-term engraftment of ES-derived hematopoietic cells. This strategy could facilitate the establishment of an alternative source of hematopoietic cells that could induce transplantation tolerance. |
### Instruction:
Does repetitive gastric aspiration lead to augmented indirect allorecognition after lung transplantation in miniature swine?
### Response:
| In a model of GERD after lung transplantation, a spectrum of clinical outcomes was observed. The in vitro data suggest that acid reflux enhances the indirect alloresponse to processed donor class I antigen, giving mechanistic insight into the manner in which GERD may be deleterious to the transplanted lung. |
### Instruction:
Are the growth and tumor suppressors NORE1A and RASSF1A targets for calpain-mediated proteolysis?
### Response:
| Thus, degradation by calpains is a novel mechanism for downregulation of NORE1A and RASSF1A proteins and might be the mechanism allowing cancer cells to escape growth suppression. |
### Instruction:
Does magnolol attenuate sepsis-induced gastrointestinal dysmotility in rats by modulating inflammatory mediators?
### Response:
| Magnolol prevents sepsis-induced suppression of intestinal motility in rats. The potential mechanism of this benefit of magnolol appears to be modulation of self-amplified inflammatory events and block of oxidative stress in the intestine. |
### Instruction:
Does scutellaria barbate extract induce apoptosis of hepatoma H22 cells via the mitochondrial pathway involving caspase-3?
### Response:
| ESB can effectively inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of H22 cells involving loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, release of cytochrome C, and activation of caspase-3. |
### Instruction:
Is statin therapy associated with lower total but not bioavailable or free testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes?
### Response:
| Assessing androgen status using total testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes treated with statins, particularly atorvastatin, may potentially lead to diagnostic error. Levels of bioavailable testosterone or free testosterone are recommended for the assessment of hypogonadism in this group if total testosterone levels are borderline. |
### Instruction:
Are monocytes essential for inhibition of synovial T-cell glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| We demonstrate that monocytes rescue synovial T cells from glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis, a feature that is specific for RA. To overcome this, we propose the use of monocyte-targeted therapies rather than T-cell apoptosis-inducing therapies. |
### Instruction:
Is phosphoinositide-phospholipase C beta1 mono-allelic deletion associated with myelodysplastic syndromes evolution into acute myeloid leukemia?
### Response:
| PI-PLCbeta1 mono-allelic deletion is associated with a worse clinical outcome in MDS patients, hinting at the identification of a new group at higher risk of AML evolution and representing a reliable prognostic tool. Moreover, targeting PI-PLCbeta1 pathways might emerge as a new therapeutic strategy for MDS. |
### Instruction:
Does tranexamic acid reduce blood loss in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery?
### Response:
| Bleeding and hemorrhagic complications and the consequent need for allogeneic transfusion are still major problems after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Tranexamic acid appears to be effective in reducing postoperative bleeding and the need for allogeneic blood products. |
### Instruction:
Is stereotactic body radiotherapy effective salvage therapy for patients with prior radiation of spinal metastases?
### Response:
| Spine SBRT has shown preliminary efficacy and safety in patients with image-based progression of previously irradiated metastases. |
### Instruction:
Does zoledronic acid induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in renal cancer cell lines?
### Response:
| ZA exerts cytotoxic effects on renal cancer cell lines in vitro. These include caspase-dependent induction of apoptosis, which can be quantified and visualized using M30 ELISA and immunofluorescence, respectively. The clinical relevance of this finding needs to be further investigated, but these results indicate that ZA may be a treatment alternative for selected patients with skeletal metastasized renal cell cancer, particularly for those with impaired performance status without other treatment options. |
### Instruction:
Is adenocarcinoma of the appendix rarely detected by colonoscopy?
### Response:
| Appendiceal abnormalities are infrequently seen on colonoscopy and rarely yield a diagnostic biopsy in patients with appendiceal carcinoma. We found that nearly 42% of patients with carcinoma of the appendix have synchronous colonic polyps, a much higher prevalence than would be expected, supporting a role for a perioperative colonoscopy. |
### Instruction:
Is gastric emptying affected by sleeve gastrectomy -- scintigraphic evaluation of gastric emptying after sleeve gastrectomy without removal of the gastric antrum?
### Response:
| LSG with antrum preservation as performed in this series has no effect on gastric emptying. |
### Instruction:
Do higher-order contrast functions improve performance of independent component analysis of fMRI data?
### Response:
| The use of higher-order contrast functions, such as kurtosis, may provide superior performance in ICA analysis of fMRI data with low SNR. |
### Instruction:
Are advances of 3T MR imaging in visualizing trabecular bone structure of the calcaneus partially SNR-independent : analysis using simulated noise in relation to micro-CT , 1.5T MRI , and biomechanical strength?
### Response:
| The advances of 3.0T compared to 1.5T in visualizing trabecular bone structure are partially SNR-independent. The better performance at 3.0T may be explained by pronounced susceptibility, enhancing the visualization of thin trabecular structures. |
### Instruction:
Is cumulative anticholinergic exposure associated with poor memory and executive function in older men?
### Response:
| Cumulative anticholinergic exposure across multiple medications over 1 year may negatively affect verbal memory and executive function in older men. Prescription of drugs with anticholinergic effects in older persons deserves continued attention to avoid deleterious adverse effects. |
### Instruction:
Do known risk factors explain disparities in gallstone prevalence between Denmark and northeast Germany?
### Response:
| German individuals had a higher prevalence of gallstones than Danes. This difference was partly explained by a higher BMI, unfavorable lipid levels, higher prevalence of diabetes, and a more frequent use of OR and MHT in German subjects. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of unmeasured predictors, including genetic components, on the population-related risk of gallstones. |
### Instruction:
Does inflammatory bowel disease in CGD reproduce the clinicopathological features of Crohn 's disease?
### Response:
| There are striking clinical and pathological resemblances between the bowel diseases observed in CGD and Crohn's disease, supporting the possibility of mechanistic similarities in their pathogenesis. Patients with CGD appear particularly prone to developing perianal disease. |
### Instruction:
Do providers verify patient identity during computer order entry?
### Response:
| Medical providers often miss ID errors and infrequently verify patient ID with two identifiers during CPOE. |
### Instruction:
Does habitat analysis of North American sand fly near veterans returning from leishmania-endemic war zones?
### Response:
| A readily available land cover product can be used at the regional level to identify areas of sand fly habitat where human populations may be at higher risk of exposure. The sand fly density prediction maps can be used to direct further surveillance, insect control, or additional patient monitoring of potentially infected soldiers. |
### Instruction:
Does transplantation of monocyte-derived hepatocyte-like cells ( NeoHeps ) improve survival in a model of acute liver failure?
### Response:
| Hepatocyte transplantation is a practicable and successful treatment option in case of liver insufficiency because implantation of NeoHeps or primary rat hepatocytes had an improving effect on survival. The promising data of the present study warrants further analysis to elucidate the role of NeoHeps in treatment of acute postoperative liver failure to a greater extent. |
### Instruction:
Does resveratrol inhibit the mTOR mitogenic signaling evoked by oxidized LDL in smooth muscle cells?
### Response:
| These data indicate that the mTOR pathway is activated by oxLDL via PI3K/PDK1/Akt, and is required for SMC proliferation. Resveratrol blocks specifically this pathway, thereby inhibiting oxLDL-induced SMC proliferation. These data highlight a new property for resveratrol that could contribute to the general anti-atherogenic properties of this polyphenol. |
### Instruction:
Does thoracoscopy versus thoracotomy improve midterm musculoskeletal status and cosmesis in infants and children?
### Response:
| The thoracoscopic versus conventional approach to the thoracic cavity in children is associated with significantly less midterm musculoskeletal sequelae and a better cosmetic outcome. |
### Instruction:
Is the recent decline in mammography rates limited to low- to average-risk women?
### Response:
| The decline in breast cancer-screening rates noted over the past 5 years has been predominantly in lower-risk women. |
### Instruction:
Does pretreatment of rocuronium reduce the frequency and severity of etomidate-induced myoclonus?
### Response:
| Pretreatment with a small dose of rocuronium before induction of anesthesia with etomidate significantly reduced the frequency of myoclonus. |
### Instruction:
Is hyperglycaemia associated with changes in the regional concentrations of glucose and myo-inositol within the brain?
### Response:
| In type 1 diabetes, hyperglycaemia is associated with accumulation of glucose and mI in the cortex and in the white matter. |
### Instruction:
Is the ratio of metastatic to examined lymph nodes a powerful independent prognostic factor in rectal cancer?
### Response:
| LNR is the most significant prognostic factor for both overall and disease-free survival in patients with rectal cancer, even in patients with fewer than 12 lymph nodes examined. |
### Instruction:
Do plasma plant sterol levels reflect cholesterol absorption in children with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome?
### Response:
| Although the ratios of plant sterols to cholesterol in plasma has been used as a surrogate for cholesterol absorption in adults and children, these ratios may not accurately reflect cholesterol absorption in children with SLOS. These ratios should not be used as a surrogate for cholesterol absorption in children without further validation. |
### Instruction:
Is iNSIG2 gene polymorphism associated with increased subcutaneous fat in women and poor response to resistance training in men?
### Response:
| Our results show that the INSIG2 rs7566605 polymorphism underlies variation in subcutaneous adiposity in young adult women and suppresses the positive effects of resistance training on men. This supports and extends the original finding that there is an association between measures of obesity and INSIG2 rs7566605 and further implicates this polymorphism in fat regulation. |
### Instruction:
Do human and mouse switch-like genes share common transcriptional regulatory mechanisms for bimodality?
### Response:
| The fact that bimodal genes were enriched within the cell membrane and extracellular environment make these genes as candidates for biomarkers for tissue specificity. The commonality of the important roles bimodal genes play in tissue differentiation in both the human and mouse indicates the potential value of mouse data in providing context for human tissue studies. The regulation motifs enriched in the bimodal gene set (TATA boxes, alternative promoters, methlyation) have known associations with complex diseases, such as cancer, providing further potential for the use of bimodal genes in studying the molecular basis of disease. |
### Instruction:
Does proton MR spectroscopy improve discrimination between tumor and pseudotumoral lesion in solid brain masses?
### Response:
| The proposed ratios of mIns/NAA at short TE and CHO/NAA at long TE provide valuable information to discriminate between brain tumor and pseudotumor by improving neuroradiologists' accuracy and confidence. |
### Instruction:
Is the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in peritoneal macrophages inhibited by Andrographis paniculata , Angelica sinensis and Morus alba ethyl acetate fractions?
### Response:
| Collectively, we have found that three potent bioactive TCMH species exerted significant NF-kappaB inhibitory activity and acted in a cell type dependent fashion. |
### Instruction:
Does high serum level of the soluble CD30 identify Chinese kidney transplant recipients at high risk of unfavorable outcome?
### Response:
| Pretransplant sCD30 serum levels reflect immune status. |
### Instruction:
Is lymphocytic HLA-A mRNA a reliable indicator of acute rejection in renal transplantation?
### Response:
| HLA-A mRNA expression was strongly correlated with immune status. The HLA-A mRNA levels may provide an effective and reliable indicator to predict acute rejection episodes in renal transplantation. |
### Instruction:
Does use of activated protein C have no avail in the early phase of acute pancreatitis?
### Response:
| In the early phase of acute pancreatitis, drotrecogin alfa treatment did not result in a significant improvement in oxidative and inflammatory parameters or renal functions. |
### Instruction:
Does furosemide improve renal recovery after hemofiltration for acute renal failure in critically ill patients : a double blind randomized controlled trial?
### Response:
| Furosemide by continuous infusion in the recovery phase of hemofiltration-dependent acute kidney failure did increase urinary volume and sodium excretion but did not lead to a shorter duration of renal failure or more frequent renal recovery. |
### Instruction:
Does global transcriptional profiling reveal Streptococcus agalactiae genes controlled by the MtaR transcription factor?
### Response:
| To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the global influence of MtaR on GBS gene expression. This study implicates the metQ1NP genes as encoding the MtaR-regulated methionine transporter, which may provide a mechanistic explanation for the methionine-dependent growth defect of the mtaR mutant. In addition to modulating the expression of genes involved in metabolism and amino acid transport, inactivation of mtaR affected the expression of other GBS genes implicated in pathogenesis. These findings suggest the possibility that MtaR may play a multifaceted role in GBS pathogenesis by regulating the expression of numerous genes. |
### Instruction:
Is estradiol-to-testosterone ratio associated with response to metformin treatment in women with clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS )?
### Response:
| The results suggest that in women with CC-resistant PCOS, elevated E2/T is associated with a better response to metformin. |
### Instruction:
Do astragalus membranaceus flavonoids ( AMF ) ameliorate chronic fatigue syndrome induced by food intake restriction plus forced swimming?
### Response:
| Alterations of immune function may be associated with CFS and the tonic effects of AMF against CF may be attributable to balance the abnormal cytokine level by isoflavones. |
### Instruction:
Does egr-1 negatively regulate calsequestrin expression and calcium dynamics in ventricular cells?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that Egr-1:DNA binding at the promoter, DNA methylation, and protein acetylation are important in CSQ repression. Moreover, we demonstrate that a reduction in CSQ protein is associated with abnormal calcium dynamics. We conclude that Egr-1 acts as a transcriptional repressor at the CSQ promoter, resulting in downregulation of CSQ, the major calcium storage protein that links excitation-contraction coupling in the cardiac sarcoendoplasmic reticulum. |
### Instruction:
Does image subtraction facilitate assessment of volume and density change in ground-glass opacities in chest CT?
### Response:
| Image subtraction improves the evaluation of subtle changes in pulmonary ground-glass opacities and decreases interobserver variability. |
### Instruction:
Does c-reactive protein testing decrease antibiotic use for acute cough illness when compared to a clinical algorithm?
### Response:
| Point-of-care CRP testing does not seem to provide any additional value beyond a point-of-care clinical decision support for reducing antibiotic use in adults with acute cough illness. |
### Instruction:
Does mutation in BAG3 cause severe dominant childhood muscular dystrophy?
### Response:
| We conclude mutation in Bag3 defines a novel severe autosomal dominant childhood muscular dystrophy. |
### Instruction:
Does a modified technique of stent fenestration of the interatrial septum improve patients with pulmonary hypertension?
### Response:
| The modified stent fenestration technique is feasible and safe in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension. In a selected group of patients, functional capacity might improve although disease progression continues. |
### Instruction:
Is a frequent functional toll-like receptor 7 polymorphism associated with accelerated HIV-1 disease progression?
### Response:
| This is the first report of a functional TLR7 variant to be associated with susceptibility to and a more severe clinical course of HIV-1 disease. These results may have implications for the risk assessment of individual patients as well as for HIV-1 therapy and vaccination strategies in the future. |
### Instruction:
Does a virtual crossmatch protocol significantly increase access of highly sensitized patients to deceased donor kidney transplantation?
### Response:
| Initiation of a virtual crossmatch protocol using solid-phase histocompatibility techniques significantly increased access of sensitized patients to kidney transplantation and was more cost effective. Usage of a virtual crossmatch may facilitate greater sharing of kidneys to improve access to transplantation for sensitized recipients. |
### Instruction:
Does c4d-positive interacinar capillaries correlate with donor-specific antibody-mediated rejection in pancreas allografts?
### Response:
| Our findings support the potential role of C4d labeling of PTx biopsies in the diagnosis of AMR and emphasize the staining of IAC as a valuable histologic tool for the diagnosis. |
### Instruction:
Do dystrophic neurites express C9orf72 in Alzheimer 's disease brains?
### Response:
| These results suggest a general role of C9orf72 in the process of neurodegeneration in a range of human neurodegenerative diseases. |
### Instruction:
Does sTIM1 restore coronary endothelial function in type 1 diabetic mice?
### Response:
| Impaired ER Ca(2+) refilling in diabetic MCECs, due to the decrease in STIM1 protein expression, attenuates endothelium-dependent relaxation in diabetic coronary arteries, while STIM1 overexpression has a beneficial and therapeutic effect on coronary endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Does endosomal proteolysis regulate calcitonin gene-related peptide responses in mesenteric arteries?
### Response:
| ECE-1 regulated the resensitization of responses to CGRP in RMA-SMCs and mesenteric arteries. CGRP-induced relaxation did not involve endothelium-derived pathways. This is the first report of ECE-1 regulating CGRP responses in SMCs and arteries. ECE-1 inhibitors may attenuate an important vasodilatory pathway, implicated in primary headaches and may represent a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of migraine. |
### Instruction:
Is genetic variation in GSTM1 associated with susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss in a Chinese population?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that GSTM1 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to NIHL. |
### Instruction:
Does atorvastatin inhibit osteoclastogenesis by decreasing the expression of RANKL in the synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| These results suggest that atorvastatin inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction in RA patients. |
### Instruction:
Is muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 3 dominant in myopia progression?
### Response:
| CHRM3 and M(3) were suggested to play important roles in the pathogenesis of myopia and in the arrested progression of myopia by atropine. |
### Instruction:
Does sensory modality of smoking cues modulate neural cue reactivity?
### Response:
| These observations are in line with the hypothesized role of the dorsal striatum for the expression of drug habits and the well-established concept of drug-related automatized schemata, since haptic perception is more closely linked to the corresponding object-specific action pattern than visual perception. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that with the growing severity of nicotine dependence, brain regions involved in object perception, memory, self-processing, and motor control exhibit an increasing preference for haptic over visual smoking cues. This difference was not found for control stimuli. Considering the sensory modality of the presented cues could serve to develop more reliable fMRI-specific biomarkers, more ecologically valid experimental designs, and more effective cue-exposure therapies of addiction. |
### Instruction:
Is history of the diagnosis of a sexually transmitted disease linked to normal variation in personality traits?
### Response:
| Individual differences in several personality traits are associated with a history of STD diagnosis. Assuming that certain personality traits may predispose people to behaviors that entail a higher risk for STD, these findings can be used for the early identification of people at greater STD risk and for developing personality-tailored intervention programs. |
### Instruction:
Do cervical cord FMRI abnormalities differ between the progressive forms of multiple sclerosis?
### Response:
| Patients with progressive MS had an over-recruitment of the cervical cord, which was more pronounced in SPMS than PPMS, despite similar cord structural damage. The alteration of the complex modulation of spinal cord interneurons possibly due to a loss of supratentorial inhibition secondary to brain injury might contribute to explain the observed functional cord abnormalities. |
### Instruction:
Do propofol and magnesium attenuate isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation via inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore?
### Response:
| These data illustrate that Mg2+ and propofol may ameliorate the isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting its mitochondrial dysfunction. Pending further studies, these findings may suggest the use of Mg2+ and propofol in preventing and treating anesthesia neurotoxicity. |
### Instruction:
Does active robotic training improve locomotor function in a stroke survivor?
### Response:
| The results indicate that active robotic training appears to be a promising way of facilitating gait and physical function in moderately impaired stroke survivors. |
### Instruction:
Does stress-induced enhancement of mouse amygdalar synaptic plasticity depend on glucocorticoid and ß-adrenergic activity?
### Response:
| Acute stress changes BLA electrical properties such that subsequent LTP induction is facilitated. Both β-adrenergic and glucocorticoid receptors are involved in the development of these changes. Mineralocorticoid receptors are important for the maintenance of LTP in the BLA, irrespective of stress-induced changes in the circuit. The prolonged changes in BLA network function after stress may contribute to effective memory formation of emotional and stressful events. |
### Instruction:
Do cD57 ( high ) neuroblastoma cells have aggressive attributes ex situ and an undifferentiated phenotype in patients?
### Response:
| Strong expression of CD57 correlates with aggressive attributes of U-NB1 and SK-N-BE(2)-C neuroblastoma cells and is linked with undifferentiated neuroblastoma cells in patients. |
### Instruction:
Is lipid peroxidation the primary mechanism of bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction in jaundiced Gunn rat pups?
### Response:
| These findings show that lipid peroxidation inhibition alone is not sufficient to prevent BIND. We speculate that the neuroprotective efficacy of MNC against BIND involves action(s) independent of, or in addition to, its antioxidant effects. |
### Instruction:
Does geopropolis from Melipona scutellaris decrease the mechanical inflammatory hypernociception by inhibiting the production of IL-1β and TNF-α?
### Response:
| Our data indicate that geopropolis is a natural source of bioactive substances with promising antinociceptive activity. |
### Instruction:
Is primary phagocytosis of viable neurons by microglia activated with LPS or Aβ dependent on calreticulin/LRP phagocytic signalling?
### Response:
| CRT exposure on the surface of viable or apoptotic neurons appears to be required for their phagocytosis via LRP receptors on activated microglia, but free CRT can block microglial phagocytosis of neurons by acting on microglia. Phagocytosis of CRT-exposing neurons by microglia can be a direct cause of neuronal death during inflammation, and might therefore contribute to neurodegeneration and be prevented by blocking the CRT/LRP pathway. |
### Instruction:
Does candesartan prevent impairment of recall caused by repeated stress in rats?
### Response:
| These data strongly suggest that the AT(1) angiotensin receptor blockade effectively counteracts deleterious effects of stress on recall of aversively and appetitively motivated memories in rats. |
### Instruction:
Is the Ca ( v ) 3.1 T-type calcium channel required for neointimal formation in response to vascular injury in mice?
### Response:
| Ca(v)3.1 is required for VSMC proliferation during neointimal formation, and blocking of Ca(v)3.1 may be beneficial for preventing restenosis. |
### Instruction:
Does activation of PPARδ prevent endothelial dysfunction induced by overexpression of amyloid-β precursor protein?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that in APP transgenic mice loss of nitric oxide and increased oxidative stress are the major causes of endothelial dysfunction. The vascular protective effects of GW501516 in Tg2576 mice appear to be critically dependent on prevention of superoxide anion production. |
### Instruction:
Does cystatin C identify patients with stable chronic heart failure at increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events?
### Response:
| CysC is an independent predictor of adverse events in chronic heart failure. It adds prognostic value to creatinine, particularly in patients with preserved renal function. |
### Instruction:
Does sustained delivery of IL-1Ra from pluronic F127-based thermosensitive gel prolong its therapeutic potentials?
### Response:
| When compared directly, IL-1Ra loaded PF127 gel exhibited prolonged in vitro and in vivo release, greater efficacy to induce hypoglycemia and inhibited IL-1β-stimulated production of IL-6 as compared to IL-1Ra aq. solution. We believe that this methodology for sustained delivery of IL-1Ra probably be suitable for the convenience of patients to achieve desired therapeutic potentials without exceeding dose limits and frequent administration. |
### Instruction:
Does cardiac iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging predict ventricular arrhythmia in heart failure patients receiving an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for primary prevention?
### Response:
| In HF patients without prior ventricular arrhythmia, (123)I-MIBG imaging strongly predicts future arrhythmic risk. This may inform the process of case selection for ICD therapy on an individual basis, although no single measurement provides sufficient reassurance to obviate device implantation if otherwise clinically indicated. |
### Instruction:
Does sixty-four MDCT achieve higher contrast in pancreas with optimization of scan time delay?
### Response:
| Sixty-four MDCT may yield a higher contrast in pancreatic study with (appropriate) optimization of scan delay time. |
### Instruction:
Does l166P mutant DJ-1 promote cell death by dissociating Bax from mitochondrial Bcl-XL?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that wild-type DJ-1 protects cells and DJ-1(L166P) impairs cells by differentially regulating mitochondrial Bax/Bcl-XL functions. |
### Instruction:
Are serum index test % [ -2 ] proPSA and Prostate Health Index more accurate than prostate specific antigen and % fPSA in predicting a positive repeat prostate biopsy?
### Response:
| Serum %p2PSA and Prostate Health Index are more accurate than standard reference tests in predicting repeat prostate biopsy outcome, and could avoid unnecessary repeat biopsies. |
### Instruction:
Does zolpidem improve neuropsychiatric symptoms and motor dysfunction in a patient with Parkinson 's disease after deep brain stimulation?
### Response:
| Zolpidem ameliorated the neuropsychiatric and parkinsonian motor symptom in the PD patient. Since GABAA benzodiazepine receptors are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system, zolpidem probably acts via modulating structures lying within the cortico-subcortical loop or by direct effect on these cortical regions. |
### Instruction:
Does cyclosporine a 0.05 % eye drop for the treatment of subepithelial infiltrates after epidemic keratoconjunctivitis?
### Response:
| Topical 0.05% CsA is a safe and effective alternative treatment in patients with SEI who do not respond to other treatment modalities or have undesired side effects from topical steroids. |
### Instruction:
Is aA-Amyloid cleared by endogenous immunological mechanisms?
### Response:
| Immunoglobulins co-localize with amyloid deposits and can contribute to amyloid degradation by Fc-receptor mediated phagocytosis, and should be considered key players in the degradation process. |
### Instruction:
Is antipsychotic drug dosage and therapeutic response in schizophrenia influenced by ABCB1 genotypes : a study from a south Indian perspective?
### Response:
| The study suggests that a priori knowledge of ABCB1 genotypes can provide a significant input into evaluating the patient's response to medication, and minimizing redundant dosing and refractoriness. |
### Instruction:
Does genome-wide miRNA expression profiling of human lymphoblastoid cell lines identify tentative SSRI antidepressant response biomarkers?
### Response:
| The potential value of these miRNAs as tentative SSRI response biomarkers awaits validation with lymphocyte samples of major depression patients. |
### Instruction:
Are adipose genes down-regulated during experimental endotoxemia also suppressed in obesity?
### Response:
| Exploration of down-regulated mRNA in adipose during human endotoxemia revealed suppression of genes involved in cell development and differentiation. A majority of candidates were also suppressed in endogenous human obesity, suggesting a potential pathophysiological role in human obesity-related adipose inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Does beta-catenin mediate the apoptosis induction effect of celastrol in HT29 cells?
### Response:
| Beta-catenin mediates the apoptosis induction effects of celastrol in HT29 cells. |
### Instruction:
Does hepatitis B virus X protein suppress caveolin-1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating DNA methylation?
### Response:
| HBx protein induces methylation of the caveolin-1 promoter region and suppresses its expression. |
### Instruction:
Does epistasis between two HLA antigens define a subset of individuals at a very high risk for ankylosing spondylitis?
### Response:
| There is a strong epistatic interaction between HLA-B60 and HLA-B27 in AS susceptibility. As a result, individuals with the HLA-B27+/HLA-B60+ genotype are at a very high risk of developing AS. |
### Instruction:
Are low 2-methoxyestradiol levels at the first trimester of pregnancy associated with the development of pre-eclampsia?
### Response:
| Lower plasma concentrations of 2-ME during early pregnancy in patients who subsequently develop PE were found. Presence of placental Val158Met COMT polymorphism is associated with a decreased risk to develop PE, suggesting a protective role against PE. |
### Instruction:
Is token Reinforcement Therapeutic Approach More Effective than Exercise for Controlling Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenic Patients : A Randomized Controlled Trial?
### Response:
| Both exercise and token-behavior therapies, along with drug treatment, are very effective in reducing the negative symptoms of schizophrenia; but the impact of token therapy issignificantly higher. |
### Instruction:
Does pretreatment with proteasome inhibitors protect against oxidative injuries via PPARα-dependent and -independent pathways in ARPE-19 cells?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that pretreatment with proteasome inhibitors reduces oxidative injury in ARPE-19 cells and that the underlying mechanisms are different for different proteasome inhibitors, with PPARα-dependent effects for MG-132 and PPAR-independent effects for LA. |
### Instruction:
Do temperament and character modify risk of drug addiction and influence choice of drugs?
### Response:
| Novelty Seeking appears to be a general risk factor for drug addiction. High Harm Avoidance appears to channel individuals with high Novelty Seeking towards alcoholism. Immature character traits and probable Personality Disorder increase the risk of illegal drugs. Based on equivalent research in nonpermissive environments, at least a portion of our opiate addicts could have developed alcoholism instead in environments with more limited access to opiates. Personality factors provide useful guidelines for preventive work with young individuals with personality risk factors for drug addiction. |
### Instruction:
Does extracellular adenosine signaling induce CX3CL1 expression in the brain to promote experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis?
### Response:
| We conclude that extracellular adenosine is an endogenous modulator of neuroinflammation during EAE that induces CX3CL1 at the choroid plexus to trigger lymphocyte entry into the brain. |
### Instruction:
Is absence of galectin-3 immunostaining in fine-needle aspiration cytology specimens from papillary thyroid carcinoma associated with favorable pathological indices?
### Response:
| The absence of G3 expression in FNA samples from PTC is associated with pathological parameters considered less aggressive than is the case for PTCs with G3 expression, including being a negative predictor of negative LN involvement. Long-term follow-up studies, however, are needed to verify whether G3N patients have lower recurrence and mortality rates. |
### Instruction:
Does epigallocatechin gallate incorporation into lignin enhance the alkaline delignification and enzymatic saccharification of cell walls?
### Response:
| It was found that EGCG readily copolymerized with monolignols to become integrally cross-coupled into cell wall lignins, where it greatly enhanced alkaline delignification and subsequent enzymatic saccharification. Improved delignification may be attributed to internal trapping of quinone-methide intermediates to prevent benzyl ether cross-linking of lignin to structural polysaccharides during lignification, and to the cleavage of ester intra-unit linkages within EGCG during pretreatment. Overall, our results suggest that apoplastic deposition of EGCG for incorporation into lignin would be a promising plant genetic engineering target for improving the delignification and saccharification of biomass crops. |
### Instruction:
Is neurohormonal modulation of the innate immune system proinflammatory in the prehypertensive spontaneously hypertensive rat , a genetic model of essential hypertension?
### Response:
| There is a pronounced anti-inflammatory nicotinic/cholinergic modulation of the innate immune system in WKY rats, which is reversed in prehypertensive SHRs. The results support the novel concept that neurohormonal regulation of the innate immune system plays a role in the pathogenesis of genetic hypertension and provide putative molecular targets for treatment of hypertension. |
### Instruction:
Do neurog1 and Neurog2 coordinately regulate development of the olfactory system?
### Response:
| We have identified a cell autonomous role for Neurog1/2 in specifying the glutamatergic identity of olfactory bulb neurons. Furthermore, Neurog1 (and not Neurog2) is required to guide olfactory sensory neuron innervation of the olfactory bulb, the loss of which results in defects in olfactory bulb proliferation and tissue morphogenesis. We thus conclude that Neurog1/2 together coordinate development of the olfactory system, which depends on tissue interactions between the olfactory bulb and epithelium. |
### Instruction:
Is phosphorylation of Akt involved in protocatechuic acid-induced neurotrophic activity?
### Response:
| The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway might play an important role in the neurotrophic activity of PCA. |
### Instruction:
Are mitochondria of trained skeletal muscle protected from deleterious effects of statins?
### Response:
| These results suggest that improvements in mitochondrial respiratory and antioxidant capacities following endurance training protected mitochondria against statin exposure. |
### Instruction:
Does two-stage hepatectomy with effective perioperative chemotherapy induce tumor growth or growth factor expression in liver metastases from colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| Two-stage hepatectomy did not seem to induce tumor growth activity or growth factor expression. The 2-stage strategy in combination with effective preoperative chemotherapy is a valuable strategy for colorectal metastases. |
### Instruction:
Is effective intra-esophageal acid control associated with improved radiofrequency ablation outcomes in Barrett 's esophagus?
### Response:
| Effective intra-esophageal pH control is associated with improved RFA outcomes of BE. Normal to mild EAE and smaller hiatal hernia are predictive factors to achieve CE. Given the frequent persistence of acid reflux despite therapy in BE patients, in order to maximize the RFA effects esophageal pH optimization and hernia repair should be considered. |
### Instruction:
Does elevated protein kinase C-δ contribute to aneurysm pathogenesis through stimulation of apoptosis and inflammatory signaling?
### Response:
| PKCδ is an important signaling mediator for SMC apoptosis and inflammation in a mouse model of AAA. By stimulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in aortic SMCs, upregulated PKCδ exacerbates the inflammatory process, in turn perpetuating elastin degradation and aneurysmal dilatation. Inhibition of PKCδ may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for AAA. |
### Instruction:
Does intersphincteric proctectomy with end-colostomy for anorectal Crohn 's disease result in early and severe proximal colonic recurrence?
### Response:
| Intersphincteric proctectomy with colostomy seems to be an ineffective surgery for perianal CD with coexisting proctitis and results in a high risk of recurrence of the disease in the remaining colon. Therefore, despite a normal appearance of the proximal colon, a proctocolectomy with end-ileostomy seems to be the surgical approach of choice in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Is a gene expression profile of stem cell pluripotentiality and differentiation conserved across diverse solid and hematopoietic cancers?
### Response:
| This core stemness gene expression signature represents a quantitative measure of stem cell-associated transcriptional activity. Broadly, the intensity of this signature correlates to the relative level of plasticity and differentiation across all of the human tissues analyzed. The fact that the intensity of this signature is also capable of differentiating histological grade for a variety of human malignancies suggests potential therapeutic and diagnostic implications. |
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