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### Instruction:
Are large diurnal fluctuations in intraocular pressure an independent risk factor in patients with glaucoma?
### Response:
| In patients with glaucoma with office IOP in the normal range, large fluctuations in diurnal IOP are a significant risk factor, independent of parameters obtained in the office. Fluctuations in IOP may be important in managing patients with glaucoma. Development of methods to control fluctuations in IOP may be warrante... |
### Instruction:
Is inhibition of alveolar neutrophil immigration in endotoxemia macrophage inflammatory protein 2 independent?
### Response:
| These data demonstrate that endotoxemia inhibits PMN migration despite similar MIP-2 concentrations in the alveolus. Sequential insults do not affect the inhibition of apoptosis. In vitro, PMN from endotoxemic animals display impaired chemotaxis to MIP-2 and interleukin-8. This may result in an inadequate host defense ... |
### Instruction:
Does automated surgical equipment require routine disinfection of vacuum control manifold to prevent postoperative endophthalmitis?
### Response:
| The technical modification described herein allows facile hygienic measures, by which contamination of aspiration fluid by the VCM can be eliminated, which otherwise can be a significant source of contamination. |
### Instruction:
Does mK-801 block the development of behavioral sensitization to the ethanol?
### Response:
| The findings support the hypothesis that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors have an important role in the development of sensitization to drugs of abuse. |
### Instruction:
Is impaired protein synthesis induced by acute alcohol intoxication associated with changes in eIF4E in muscle and eIF2B in liver?
### Response:
| These data suggest that acute alcohol intoxication decreases translation initiation and protein synthesis in liver and muscle via different mechanisms. Changes in eIF2B appear to predominate in liver, whereas alterations in eIF4E availability appear more critical in skeletal muscle for controlling translation initiatio... |
### Instruction:
Do serum levels of soluble Fas correlate with indices of organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus?
### Response:
| sFas is elevated in sera of SLE patient. Since sFas correlates with indices of organ damage but not with disease activity, it may be a marker of organ damage in SLE and may act to protect certain organs from further damage by inhibiting Fas-mediated apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Do p53 tumor suppressor gene mutations predict decreased survival of patients with sporadic colorectal carcinoma?
### Response:
| In this group of colorectal carcinoma patients, p53 mutations were a significant negative prognostic indicator for overall survival. This finding holds prognostic and therapeutic implications for the management of colorectal carcinoma patients. |
### Instruction:
Does endosonographic assessment of multimodality therapy predict survival of esophageal carcinoma patients?
### Response:
| Patients with esophageal carcinoma who respond to neoadjuvant treatment as identified by EUS measurement of reduction in tumor size have a significantly better prognosis than nonresponders. |
### Instruction:
Do the anticatabolic and wound healing effects of the testosterone analog oxandrolone after severe burn injury?
### Response:
| We found the anabolic agent, oxandrolone, significantly decreased weight loss and net nitrogen loss and increased donor site wound healing compared with placebo controls. We noted no complications with the use of oxandrolone. |
### Instruction:
Is anthranoid laxative use a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia : results of a prospective case control study?
### Response:
| Neither anthranoid laxative use, even in the long term, nor macroscopic or marked microscopic melanosis coli were associated with any significant risk for the development of colorectal adenoma or carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Is subcutaneous adipose tissue expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha associated with whole body insulin resistance in obese nondiabetic or in type-2 diabetic subjects?
### Response:
| Subcutaneous adipose tissue TNFalpha expression does not correlate with insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic or type-2 diabetic men; is not regulated by acute hyperinsulinaemia; and is increased only in morbidly obese men. |
### Instruction:
Does hypergravity affect testicular function?
### Response:
| It was concluded that exposure of male rats to 2G for 14 d had no major effect on testicular function whereas, based on earlier studies, exposure to microgravity (< 10(-3) x gravity) for 11-14 d suppressed production of testosterone by Leydig cells and reduced concentrations of anabolic steroids available to peripheral... |
### Instruction:
Does pursed lips breathing improve ventilation in myotonic muscular dystrophy?
### Response:
| Pursed lips breathing and deep breathing are effective and easily employed strategies that significantly improve tidal volume and oxygen saturation in subjects with MMD. Abdominal muscle recruitment does not explain the ventilatory improvements, but reduced end-expiratory lung volume may increase the elastic recoil of ... |
### Instruction:
Is expression of activator protein 2 in prostate cancer related to tumor differentiation and cell proliferation?
### Response:
| Cytoplasmic expression of AP-2alpha is reduced in poorly differentiated prostate carcinomas. The rare nuclear expression occurs in a small proportion of tumors which are aneuploid, have a high T category and high Gleason score. The expression of AP-2 seems to have no prognostic value in prostate cancer. |
### Instruction:
Does kaposi 's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus viral interferon regulatory factor confer resistance to the antiproliferative effect of interferon-alpha?
### Response:
| These studies revealed that vIRF functions to inhibit interferon-mediated growth control of a human B lymphocyte cell line by targeting IRF-1 transactivation of interferon-inducible genes. Since KSHV is a B lymphotropic herpesvirus associated with two forms of B lymphocyte neoplasms, these effects of vIRF likely contri... |
### Instruction:
Is curcumin an in vivo inhibitor of angiogenesis?
### Response:
| These results indicate that curcumin has direct antiangiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. The activity of curcumin in inhibiting carcinogenesis in diverse organs such as the skin and colon may be mediated in part through angiogenesis inhibition. |
### Instruction:
Does contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of uteroplacental circulation evoke harmful CTG changes or perinatal events?
### Response:
| Contrast agent enhancement in the examination of uteroplacental circulation does not produce any harmful fetal or placental effects in late pregnancy. Ultrasonographic examination itself, obviously due to maternal stress reaction, is associated with a slight activation of fetal behavioral status. |
### Instruction:
Is increased protein loss during peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis neutrophil dependent?
### Response:
| PMN migration into the peritoneal cavity is integrin dependent. Increased protein loss during acute, gram-negative bacterial peritonitis in a rabbit model of peritoneal dialysis is PMN dependent. |
### Instruction:
Does outcome of patients with proximal gastric cancer depend on extent of resection and number of resected lymph nodes?
### Response:
| Both resection of 15 or more lymph nodes and extended lymphadenectomy contributed to the survival advantage observed in patients with AJCC stage II gastric cancer. The D2 gastric resection prolonged the median survival time and improved the 5-year survival rate for patients with 15 or more resected lymph nodes. |
### Instruction:
Does extraprostatic biopsy improve the staging of localized prostate cancer?
### Response:
| Extraprostatic biopsy identifies extension of carcinoma in a large proportion of patients in whom clinical evaluation by DRE and TRUS indicates organ-confined disease. Extraprostatic biopsy is therefore warranted as routine evaluation before surgery in order to correctly stage prostatic carcinoma and select appropriate... |
### Instruction:
Does troglitazone reduce plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression and secretion in cultured human adipocytes?
### Response:
| This study provides evidence that troglitazone reduces PAI-1 production in human adipocytes, probably at the transcriptional level. This observation could point to a new beneficial effect of troglitazone, particularly in obese subjects, which could be associated with a reduced cardiovascular risk. |
### Instruction:
Does increased promoter diversity reveal a complex phylogeny of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C in India?
### Response:
| The results confirm the prevalence of HIV-1C and suggest increasingly complex phylogeny of HIV-1C within India, such that the previously observed subclustering may no longer adequately reflect the diversity of isolates currently circulating throughout India. |
### Instruction:
Is insulin-stimulated cardiac glucose uptake impaired in spontaneously hypertensive rats : role of early steps of insulin signalling?
### Response:
| Our data indicate that the heart of SHR shows an overactivity of the proximal steps of insulin signalling which cannot be further increased by the exposure to the hormone. This abnormality may account for the marked increase of basal cardiac glucose uptake and the loss of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake observed in S... |
### Instruction:
Is physical activity level an independent predictor of the diurnal variation in blood pressure?
### Response:
| Daytime and night-time physical activity levels are independently and significantly predictive of the magnitude of the nocturnal dip in blood pressure. Variation in activity may confound interpretation of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and contribute to the poor reproducibility of dipper status. |
### Instruction:
Are high-normal serum homocysteine concentrations associated with an increased risk of early atherosclerotic carotid artery wall lesions in healthy subjects?
### Response:
| In healthy subjects, high-normal serum homocysteine concentrations are associated with an increased prevalence of carotid artery wall thickening. The significance of the contribution of homocysteine to the variation of carotid intima-media thickness, even at concentrations previously believed to be normal, suggests a r... |
### Instruction:
Does helicobacter pylori infection occur via close contact with infected individuals in early childhood?
### Response:
| The acquisition of H. pylori infection occurs by close contact with infected individuals in early childhood, especially via contact with infected mothers and other infected children. |
### Instruction:
Does pulsatility change cerebral oxygenation during cardiopulmonary bypass?
### Response:
| Neither oxygenated haemoglobin, nor intracellular oxygenation, represented by CtO2, indicated a beneficial effect of pulsatile perfusion during hypothermic CPB. These results, however, are only valid for short time effects within 10 min before rewarming from CPB and patients without flow-limiting stenoses of the caroti... |
### Instruction:
Do visual loss from arterial steal in patients with maxillofacial arteriovenous malformation?
### Response:
| When the ophthalmic arterial blood supply is recruited, ophthalmic artery "steal" phenomenon occurs in patients with maxillofacial AVMs that do not directly involve the orbit. This mechanism appears to be the cause of ocular ischemia. It is possible that this "steal" is precipitated or worsened by previous surgical pro... |
### Instruction:
Is tNF-alpha but not IL-1alpha correlated with PGE1-dependent protection against acute D-galactosamine-induced liver injury?
### Response:
| Acute liver injury induced by D-GalN is correlated with an increased TNF-alpha release. Preadministration of PGE1 to D-GalN-treated rats exerted a priming effect on inflammatory cells to release enhanced levels of TNF-alpha but not IL-1alpha. These findings indicate that stimulation of TNF-alpha release may be involved... |
### Instruction:
Does pronounced hepatic free radical formation precede pathological liver injury in ethanol-fed rats?
### Response:
| High rates of lipid radical formation were observed only in rats that were fed alcohol in combination with a fish oil diet, and a persistent flux of radical formation continued after alcohol withdrawal. These radical phenomena precede serious liver pathology, which develops after longer periods of fish oil plus alcohol... |
### Instruction:
Does history of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) feature among adults with panic disorder?
### Response:
| Given its frequency and persistence, ADHD comorbidity is an important clinical consideration in all panic patients. Its co-occurrence does not influence the clinical pattern of panic, but may contribute to adverse social outcome. |
### Instruction:
Is adult formulation of a five component acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and inactivated poliovirus vaccine safe and immunogenic in adolescents and adults?
### Response:
| This adult formulation five component aP vaccine given as TdaP-IPV is safe and immunogenic in adolescents and adults and is a candidate vaccine for adolescent and adult immunization programs. |
### Instruction:
Does tNP-470 inhibit growth and the production of vascular endothelial growth factor of uterine carcinosarcoma cells in vitro?
### Response:
| Our in vitro findings suggest that this angiogenesis inhibitor, TNP-470, might be a novel therapeutic agent for uterine carcinosarcoma. However, further in vivo experimental studies using TNP-470 for this tumor will be necessary before any definitive conclusions can be made. |
### Instruction:
Does factor analysis support the evidence of existing hyperactive and hypoactive subtypes of delirium?
### Response:
| This preliminary study seems to support the evidence of hypoactive and hyperactive subtypes of delirium, even though their aetiology and prognostic values need to be further examined. |
### Instruction:
Does cervical coupling during lateral head translations create an S-configuration?
### Response:
| Lateral head translations (x-axis) compared to a fixed thoracic cage can be large with a mean of 51 mm to one side. The major spinal coupling was lateral bending which changed direction at C4-C5 resulting in an S-configuration. This might have application in side impacts. All other segmental movements were small, less ... |
### Instruction:
Does overexpression of the homeobox gene DLX-7 inhibit apoptosis by induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1?
### Response:
| These results indicate that DLX-7 overexpression blocks apoptosis and that ICAM-1 expression induced by DLX-7 contributes to this antiapoptotic effect. |
### Instruction:
Is [ Colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus a predictive factor for the resistance phenotype of an infectious strain of S. aureus ]?
### Response:
| The probabilistic use of a glycopeptide in presence of a bacteriological specimen significantly positive with S. aureus should be limited to patients already colonized with MRSA, in order to decrease the abusive administration of these antibiotics. |
### Instruction:
Does factor V leiden increase plasma F1+2 levels both in normal and deep venous thrombosis subjects?
### Response:
| The results indicate that the genotype of factor V is a determinant of plasma F1+2 concentration. The allelic frequency of Leiden mutation in our normal subjects is higher than that found in other Italian populations but similar to that reported for populations of north- and middle-Europe. This finding is consistent wi... |
### Instruction:
Is p21 ( WAF1/CIP1 ) protein expression associated with prolonged survival but not with p53 expression in epithelial ovarian carcinoma?
### Response:
| No correlation was found between p21 and p53 expression. p21 expression is a significant prognostic marker for improved survival in ovarian cancer and is associated with early FIGO stage and zero tumor residues after primary tumor resection. |
### Instruction:
Is p21 ( WAF1/CIP1 ) required for the mitogenic response to intestinal resection?
### Response:
| p21 appears to be required to increase enterocyte proliferation and to augment the other parameters of intestinal adaptation. In the absence of p21, the proliferative and apoptotic responses to SBR are uncoupled. These results suggest a differential mechanism for the regulation of enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis... |
### Instruction:
Is pancreatic cancer cell proliferation phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase dependent?
### Response:
| PI3K signaling appears to be necessary for G(1)-to-S phase progression and proliferation in pancreatic cancer cells. ERK plays a lesser role in mitogen-induced proliferation. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K may decrease proliferation, increase apoptosis, and potentially confer therapeutic benefit in pancreatic cance... |
### Instruction:
Do neutrophils regulate their own apoptosis via preservation of CXC receptors?
### Response:
| IL-8 and Gro-alpha, which suppress apoptosis, stimulate their own production after short-term incubation with PMNs. PMNs maintain the ability to respond to these chemokines through expression of the CXC receptors which suggests that PMNs are active participants in the suppression of apoptosis at inflammatory sites. CXC... |
### Instruction:
Does intermittent pneumatic compression on the calf improve peripheral circulation of the leg?
### Response:
| The results suggest that IPC has the effect of improving peripheral circulation, which supports the use of IPC to prevent deep venous thrombosis. |
### Instruction:
Do nonpulmonary organ failure and outcome in children treated with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation?
### Response:
| Patients with nonpulmonary organ failure were significantly less likely to improve on HFOV and had a significantly higher mortality than patients with isolated respiratory failure. Children who do not improve on HFOV appear to reach a plateau in oxygenation indices after 3 days of HFOV. |
### Instruction:
Is the negative association between serum free testosterone and leptin dependent on insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 in healthy young and middle-aged men?
### Response:
| Serum levels of free testosterone and IGFBP-1 correlate negatively with serum leptin in healthy nonobese men but this influence is dependent on the influence of IGFBP-1. The study therefore suggests an important impact of IGFBP-1 on the regulation of circulating leptin in young and middle-aged men. |
### Instruction:
Are serum levels of inhibins differentially altered in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome : effects of being overweight and relevance to hyperandrogenism?
### Response:
| Among women with PCOS, the trend toward an excess serum inhibin B level is observed exclusively in nonobese patients. The higher pro-alphaC levels and the lower inhibin A levels might reflect a defect in the processing of inhibins specific to polycystic ovaries. In addition, our data suggest that pro-alphaC originates ... |
### Instruction:
Is acne keloidalis a form of primary scarring alopecia?
### Response:
| Acne keloidalis is a primary form of scarring alopecia, and many of the histologic findings closely resemble those found in certain other forms of cicatricial alopecia. Extensive subclinical disease may be present in patients with AK and can account for some of the permanent hair loss. Overgrowth of microorganisms does... |
### Instruction:
Is clearance a realistic expectation of psoriasis treatment?
### Response:
| The new treatments available for psoriasis give physicians new opportunity to control the severity of psoriasis. Despite the availability of novel treatments for psoriasis, complete clearing of psoriasis is obviously not a realistic expectation of topical treatment. Phototherapy and systemic therapy provide greater imp... |
### Instruction:
Does magnesium reduce free radicals in an in vivo coronary occlusion-reperfusion model?
### Response:
| Magnesium attenuates AFR increase after an occlusion-reperfusion sequence. To our knowledge this is the first in vivo real-time demonstration of Mg's impact on free radicals. |
### Instruction:
Does protein kinase C regulate nutrient uptake and growth in hepatoma cells?
### Response:
| System B0-mediated glutamine uptake regulates hepatoma cell growth, whereas PKC influences both processes. |
### Instruction:
Does aspirin prevent tumors in a murine model of familial adenomatous polyposis?
### Response:
| These data confirm a role for aspirin in suppression of Apc-associated intestinal carcinogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway contribute to the acute release of tissue plasminogen activator in vivo in man?
### Response:
| The L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway contributes to substance P-induced t-PA release in vivo in man. This provides an important potential mechanism whereby endothelial dysfunction increases the risk of atherothrombosis through a reduction in the acute fibrinolytic capacity. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Results of treatment of lower leg fractures with functional lower leg cast ]?
### Response:
| Treatment of lower leg fractures is not simple. We especially point to problems with circulation and skin which have to be controlled over and over. There are reports of rejecting operational method as a method for lower leg fracture treating. Our results are the same as those achieved by other authors. Reposition of b... |
### Instruction:
Does exercise training reduce myocardial lipid peroxidation following short-term ischemia-reperfusion?
### Response:
| These data support the hypothesis that exercise training provides protection against myocardial lipid peroxidation induced by short-term I-R in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Does pretreatment with allopurinol diminish pancreatography-induced pancreatitis in a canine model?
### Response:
| Pretreatment with oral allopurinol decreases the incidence of pancreatography-induced pancreatitis. These results support the role of xanthine oxidase inhibitors in the prevention of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-induced pancreatitis. |
### Instruction:
Do dendritic cells improve the generation of Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes for the treatment of posttransplantation lymphoma?
### Response:
| DCs improved the in vitro generation of EBV-specific CTLs as evidenced by this group's significantly increased lytic activity over that of the control group. The improved lytic activity of DC-generated EBV-CTLs suggests that adoptive transfer of these cells could lead to a more effective immunotherapeutic response agai... |
### Instruction:
Is butyrate-induced differentiation of Caco-2 cells associated with apoptosis and early induction of p21Waf1/Cip1 and p27Kip1?
### Response:
| Differentiation and apoptosis occurred simultaneously in Caco-2 cells, suggesting that apoptosis may be linked to enterocyte differentiation. The induction of p21Waf1/Cip1 and p27Kip1 and the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL further suggest a link between the cell-cycle mechanisms regulating enterocyte differentiati... |
### Instruction:
Does adenoviral-mediated inhibition of G beta gamma signaling limit the hyperplastic response in experimental vein grafts?
### Response:
| These results show that inhibition of G beta gamma signaling with adenoviral-mediated beta ARKCT in vivo infection effectively modifies the structural and functional hyperplastic abnormalities in vein grafts. |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin-6 production in human intestinal epithelial cells increase in association with the heat shock response?
### Response:
| The results suggest that IL-1beta-induced IL-6 production in human enterocytes is increased in association with the heat shock response. The biological role of heat shock-potentiated IL-6 production in the enterocyte remains to be determined. |
### Instruction:
Does the glutathione depleting agent diethylmaleate prolong renal allograft survival?
### Response:
| Administration of DEM with consequent systemic GSH depletion significantly reduces allograft ICAM-1 expression and prolongs graft survival. Although speculative, a shift from a Th1 to a Th2 cytokine response raises the possibility that tolerance induction plays a role in prolonged allograft survival. |
### Instruction:
Do primed neutrophils require phosphatidic acid for maximal receptor-activated elastase release?
### Response:
| Elastase release from PAF-primed/ fMLP-activated neutrophils is dependent on PA production. Thus, PA production appears to be involved in both oxidant-dependent and independent mechanisms of neutrophil cytotoxicity and may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of hyperinflammatory diseases such as ARDS/MOF... |
### Instruction:
Do anterior abdominal wall pathologies detected by high-frequency annular array?
### Response:
| The addition of HF annular US to a conventional US examination increases the detectability of small, but clinically important pathologies in the anterior abdominal wall. |
### Instruction:
Does human parathyroid hormone influence human erythropoiesis in vitro?
### Response:
| Our findings confirm that human PTH does not directly inhibit human erythropoiesis. |
### Instruction:
Does dexamethasone increase hepatotoxicity of MTX in children with brain tumors?
### Response:
| Dexamethasone can be eliminated from high dose methotrexate protocols for children. |
### Instruction:
Does demographic and need assessment survey of animal care and control agencies?
### Response:
| In Ohio in 1996, 9.9% of dogs and 4.5% of cats received care or assistance from animal care and control agencies. Only 39% of animal care and control agencies have an association with a veterinarian. |
### Instruction:
Does lipofuscin accumulation in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells reduce their phagocytic capacity?
### Response:
| Severe lipofuscin accumulation of RPE cells appears to result in a greatly decreased phagocytic capacity. The resulting reduction in ability to cope with the needs of the overlying photoreceptor cells, in order to eliminate the obsolete tips of their POS, may well be of significance in the development of age-related ma... |
### Instruction:
Is nonuniformity of diffusing capacity from small alveolar gas samples increased in smokers?
### Response:
| For SBWSM manoeuvres the increase in DI in smokers correlated with breath hold time-dependent increases in Sn, suggesting that the changes in DI reflected the same structural alterations that caused increases in peripheral ventilation inhomogeneity. For SBWVC manoeuvres, the increase in DI in smokers was not associated... |
### Instruction:
Does enzymatic activity of soluble phospholipase A2 affect the specific IgE , IgG4 and cytokine responses in bee sting allergy?
### Response:
| The enzymatic activity of PLA does not influence the specific activation and cytokine production by T cells from bee venom-sensitized or hyperimmune individuals, or the IgE/IgG4 antibodies synthesis by B cells in vitro. |
### Instruction:
Is exposure of rod outer segments to serum responsible for abnormal disk membrane morphogenesis in a model of retinal detachment?
### Response:
| Rod cells in detached retinas formed abnormal disk-like lamellar membranes in either serum-containing or serum-free medium. This suggests that exposing outer segments to serum albumin or other serum components is not responsible for the abnormal in vitro disk membrane morphogenesis seen in detached retinas. |
### Instruction:
Do pathophysiological relationships between lower urinary tract symptoms and the prostate strengthen over time?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates the lack of relationships between prostate gland variables and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Those relationships that are statistically significant (at the P < 0.01 level) are weak, and only explain at most 9% of the total variation of prostate or adenoma volume or their dimensions. |
### Instruction:
Is prostate cancer cell growth inhibition by tamoxifen associated with inhibition of protein kinase C and induction of p21 ( waf1/cip1 )?
### Response:
| These data suggest that micromolar concentrations of tamoxifen inhibit prostate cancer cell growth by inhibition of PKC, resulting in induction of the p21(waf1/cip1) protein. |
### Instruction:
Does gender differences in physiological reactivity to infant cry and smiles in military families?
### Response:
| The results are contrasted with previous reports (e.g., Frodi, Lamb, Leavitt, & Donovan, 1978) of no differences between genders in physiological reactivity to a crying infant. Discussion of the results focuses on models of child physical abuse that involve physiological hyperreactivity. It is hypothesized that the gre... |
### Instruction:
Are fatigue effects on the bilateral deficit speed dependent?
### Response:
| The failure of the size of the bilateral deficit to be comparable at 30 and 150 degreesxs(-1) following fatigue is contrary to previous published reports that suggested reduced activation of high threshold motor unit is the primary mechanism underlying the bilateral deficit. |
### Instruction:
Does tamm-Horsfall protein isolated from urine of pregnant and non-pregnant women have similar oligosaccharides?
### Response:
| The results of our carbohydrate analysis together with previous data on amino acid analysis indicate that Tamm-Horsfall protein and uromodulin are identical or very similar glycoproteins. |
### Instruction:
Is plasma prolactin response to D-fenfluramine blunted in bulimic patients with frequent binge episodes?
### Response:
| These results support the idea that serotonin transmission is impaired in bulimic patients with frequent binge episodes. |
### Instruction:
Is lower serum activity of prolyl endopeptidase in fibromyalgia related to severity of depressive symptoms and pressure hyperalgesia?
### Response:
| The results show that fibromyalgia, and aberrant pain perception and depressive symptoms in fibromyalgia are related to lower serum PEP activity. It is hypothesized that lower serum PEP activity may play a role in the biophysiology of fibromyalgia through diminished inactivation of algesic and depression-related peptid... |
### Instruction:
Is cyclin D1 protein overexpression related to tumor differentiation , but not to tumor progression or proliferative activity , in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder?
### Response:
| Cyclin D1 in transitional cell bladder carcinoma was closely related to tumor differentiation but not to tumor progression. Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder may utilize another pathway for proliferation that is independent of cyclin D1. |
### Instruction:
Does single-dose disulfiram inhibit CYP2A6 activity?
### Response:
| Single-dose disulfiram does not inhibit human CYP2A6 activity in vivo. When single-dose disulfiram is used as an in vivo probe for P450, inhibition of drug metabolism suggests involvement of CYP2E1 but not CYP2A6. |
### Instruction:
Do capsaicin receptors mediate free radical-induced activation of cardiac afferent endings?
### Response:
| The results of these experiments indicate that blockade of capsaicin receptors inhibits activation of vagal and sympathetic cardiac afferent fibers by free oxygen radicals. The fact that capsazepine and ruthenium red did not affect the afferent response to bradykinin suggests that this effect of the blockers was specif... |
### Instruction:
Does intrapericardial infusion of endothelin-1 induce ventricular arrhythmias in dogs?
### Response:
| Administration of exogenous ET-1 into the pericardial space induces ventricular arrhythmias associated with prolongation of QT time and MAP duration. Whether pericardial fluid ET-1 under pathophysiological conditions can ever reach sufficiently high levels to induce ventricular arrhythmias remains to be elucidated. |
### Instruction:
Do elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 correlate with HIV-1 encephalitis and local viral replication?
### Response:
| Taken together, these in vivo and in vitro findings support a model whereby HIV encephalitis is sustained by virus replication in microglial cells, a process amplified by recruitment of mononuclear cells via HIV-induced MCP-1. |
### Instruction:
Do the perceived importance of paramedic skills and the emphasis they receive during EMS education programs?
### Response:
| The perceived importance of most prehospital skills is very high, and exceeds the emphasis placed on those skills during both initial and continuing education programs. These findings have implications for medical directors, EMS instructors, and persons involved with the revision of the National Standard Curriculum. |
### Instruction:
Are myocardial DNA strand breaks detected in biopsy tissues from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy?
### Response:
| The DNA strand breaks were detected in cardiomyocytes in patients with DCM and mainly in interstitial cells in myocarditis. It is possible that the DNA strand breaks can be involved in mechanisms of progressive loss of functional cardiac units in these myocardial diseases. |
### Instruction:
Does lidocaine prolong the safe duration of circulatory arrest during deep hypothermia in dogs?
### Response:
| In dogs lidocaine prolongs the safe duration of circulatory arrest during hypothermia. |
### Instruction:
Is p-glycoprotein overexpressed and functional in severely heat-shocked hepatoma cells?
### Response:
| Acquired stable heat resistance of cancer cells can prevent the efficacy not only of hyperthermic treatment, but also the success of chemotherapy. |
### Instruction:
Does brain thyrotropin-releasing hormone content vary through amygdaloid kindling development according to afterdischarge frequency and propagation?
### Response:
| A graded response was noted in the increase in TRH concentration dependent on the increase of AD frequency and propagation. The rate of response correlated with the region's epileptogenic susceptibility. |
### Instruction:
Does overexpression of p53 predict shorter survival in diffuse type gastric cancer?
### Response:
| The presence of p53 overexpression may identify a subset of more aggressive tumours with a poor prognosis in diffuse type gastric cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is hepatocyte proliferation rate a powerful parameter for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma development in liver cirrhosis?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that a high hepatocyte proliferation rate is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma development in the cirrhotic liver. Therefore, the evaluation of the hepatocyte proliferation rate is very important to identify patients requiring a more strict follow up programme for early diagnosi... |
### Instruction:
Is the percentage of free prostate specific antigen an age-independent tumour marker for prostate cancer : establishment of reference ranges in a large population of healthy men?
### Response:
| The fPSA% for clinically relevant age groups in healthy men was independent of age, which simplifies the use and interpretation of this relatively new tumour marker. |
### Instruction:
Does green tea regulate cell cycle progression in oral leukoplakia?
### Response:
| Our multistage carcinogenesis model for chemoprevention was effective in defining the chemopreventive value of EGCG. The observation that cancerous oral epithelium was less responsive than normal or dysplastic tissues has implication in the use of this agent, and the mechanisms responsible for this result remain to be ... |
### Instruction:
Does glomerular deposition of mannose-binding lectin ( MBL ) indicate a novel mechanism of complement activation in IgA nephropathy?
### Response:
| The lectin pathway of complement activation, which is initiated by the MBL/MASPs complex, evidently contributes to the development of glomerular injury in a significant number of cases with IgA-N. In addition, these findings will add insight to the pathogenesis of IgA-N, including its relation to infection, since MBL p... |
### Instruction:
Does iCRF-187 ( dexrazoxan ) protect from adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome in rats?
### Response:
| We conclude that ICRF-187, probably by chelation iron, completely protected rats from adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome. It supports the role of iron-mediated reactive oxygen species in the development of this type of glomerular injury. However, repeated administration of ICRF-187 alone is able to increase paramete... |
### Instruction:
Is calcified plaque common in the carotid and femoral arteries of dialysis patients without clinical vascular disease?
### Response:
| Our results show that calcified plaque is common in ESRD patients and hypoalbuminaemia may be an associated factor. |
### Instruction:
Does hirudin reduce tissue factor expression in neointima after balloon injury in rabbit femoral and porcine coronary arteries?
### Response:
| TF expression, persistent 1 month after balloon angioplasty in rabbit femoral arteries and porcine coronary arteries, is attenuated by specific thrombin inhibition with hirudin. These results suggest that thrombin inhibition, in addition to its effect on acute thrombus formation and its effect on luminal narrowing by p... |
### Instruction:
Does asynchronous electrical activation induce asymmetrical hypertrophy of the left ventricular wall?
### Response:
| Asynchronous activation induces asymmetrical hypertrophy and LV dilatation. Cardiac pump function is not affected by the adaptational processes. These data indicate that local cardiac load regulates local cardiac mass of both myocytes and collagen. |
### Instruction:
Is multifetal pregnancy reduction associated with an increased risk of intrauterine growth restriction , except for very-high-order multiples?
### Response:
| This study suggests that multifetal pregnancy reduction is not associated with an increased risk of intrauterine growth restriction unless the starting fetal number is > or = 5. This finding provides a further rationale to avoid transferring excessive numbers of preembryos after in vitro fertilization. |
### Instruction:
Does isolation rearing affect sequential organization of motor behavior in post-pubertal but not pre-pubertal Lister and Sprague-Dawley rats?
### Response:
| Isolation rearing profoundly affects the sequential organization of movements in post-pubertal rats, suggesting that emerging behavioral dysfunctions parallel developmentally those found in patients with schizophrenia. |
### Instruction:
Does why GHQ threshold vary from one place to another?
### Response:
| The GHQ threshold is partly determined by the prevalence of multiple diagnoses, with higher thresholds being associated by higher rates of both single and multiple diagnosis. The mean GHQ score for the whole population of respondents provides a rough guide to the best threshold. In those centres where the discriminator... |
### Instruction:
Does nephrectomy enhance interleukin 6 secretion by interleukin 1-stimulated mesangial cells in vitro?
### Response:
| Mesangial cells from single remaining kidneys in culture maintain an exaggerated capacity to produce IL-6 in response to IL-1. IL-6 was reported to enhance or inhibit mesangial cell proliferation in vitro. We suggest that the local over production of IL-6 by a single remaining kidney may play a role in regulating a seq... |
### Instruction:
Is cognitive decline faster in Lewy body variant than in Alzheimer 's disease?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that LBV is characterized by a faster cognitive decline and accelerated mortality compared with AD. |
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