question stringlengths 52 373 | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k |
|---|---|
### Instruction:
Is intestinal adaptation enhanced by epidermal growth factor independent of increased ileal epidermal growth factor receptor expression?
### Response:
| Changes in ileal EGF receptor expression are not mandatory for adaptation to occur. EGF upregulates the expression of mRNA and protein for its own intestinal receptor in vivo. Because EGF-induced receptor expression was comparable after both SBR and Sham operation, the beneficial effect of EGF during adaptation is like... |
### Instruction:
Is for patients with Dukes ' B ( TNM Stage II ) colorectal carcinoma , examination of six or fewer lymph nodes related to poor prognosis?
### Response:
| Because Dukes' B patients with < or =6 examined lymph nodes have poorer outcomes than those with a higher number examined (probably due to understaging), the total number of examined lymph nodes should always be reported. |
### Instruction:
Do alpha2-adrenergic agonists selectively activate extracellular signal-regulated kinases in Müller cells in vivo?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that systemically administered alpha2-adrenergic agonists selectively activate ERKs in retinal Müller cells. The induced activation of ERKs in Müller cells is probably one of the early events that result in photoreceptor protection. These results also indicate that Müller cells are unique in respon... |
### Instruction:
Do leptin concentrations predict weight gain : the Mexico City Diabetes Study?
### Response:
| We conclude that baseline leptin levels did not predict weight change in moderately obese individuals. |
### Instruction:
Does mild exercise activate renal dopamine system in mild hypertensives?
### Response:
| These results suggest that exercise triggered renal dopamine generation and activation of renal kallikrein-kinin system, resulting in natriuresis and BP reduction in the early phase (4 weeks) of mild exercise. |
### Instruction:
Does hIV-1 Tat induce tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK and its association with phosphoinositide 3-kinase in PC12 cells?
### Response:
| HIV-1 Tat protein enhanced both the expression and the functionality of p1 25FAK in PC12 neuronal cells. Whereas the first event required intracellular Tat, the increased p125FAK phosphorylation was strictly dependent upon extracellular Tat. |
### Instruction:
Are abnormalities of the fetal heart rate in preterm deliveries associated with acute intra-amniotic infection?
### Response:
| Severe variable decelerations and decreased FHR variability at < 32 weeks' gestation are related to histologic evidence of acute inflammation. |
### Instruction:
Does the L-arginine-nitric oxide system regulate platelet aggregation in pregnancy?
### Response:
| The L-Arg-NO system regulates platelet aggregation during pregnancy. Moreover, a physiologic reduction of platelet sensitivity to the antithrombotic effect of NO occurs. |
### Instruction:
Do tooth counts predict bone mineral density in early postmenopausal Caucasian women . EPIC study group?
### Response:
| We found no relationship between tooth count and BMD in early postmenopausal women. This may be because in younger women dental status is a reflection more of dietary habits and past dental surgery than of age-related bone loss. Tooth counts therefore cannot be used to identify individuals at risk of osteoporosis. |
### Instruction:
Is invasive behaviour of human gliomas mediated by interindividually different integrin patterns?
### Response:
| Although invasion of human gliomas is mediated by integrins, due to the heterogeneity of its dependency on different integrins this approach seems not to be appropriate to sufficiently alter glioma invasion in a therapeutical neuro-oncological setting. |
### Instruction:
Is interleukin-8-induced suppression of polymorphonuclear leukocyte apoptosis mediated by suppressing CD95 ( Fas/Apo-1 ) Fas-1 interactions?
### Response:
| IL-8 not only promotes the inflammatory response by recruiting PMNs but also acts to suppress apoptosis mainly through the IL-8RA in an oxygen tension independent manner. The reduction in apoptosis is associated with changes in Fas and FasL where the presence of IL-8 suppresses the proapoptotic function of Fas-FasL int... |
### Instruction:
Do bacterially preexposed T cells impair bacterial elimination by non-Th1/Th2 cell mechanisms in a model of intra-abdominal infection?
### Response:
| CD4+ T cells responsive to E coli preexposure regulate subsequent intra-abdominal abscess formation by a mechanism not explained by the Th1/Th2 paradigm. Preexposure to hemolytic E coli and other Enterobacteriaceae alters responses to intra-abdominal infection. |
### Instruction:
Does l-arginine restore the depressed cardiac output and regional perfusion after trauma-hemorrhage?
### Response:
| Because the adjuvant use of L-arginine restored the depressed cardiac output and organ blood flow and decreased plasma levels of IL-6, administration of this essential amino acid should be considered as a useful adjunct to fluid resuscitation for improving cardiovascular function in trauma victims. |
### Instruction:
Does p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition attenuate intercellular adhesion molecule-1 up-regulation on human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells?
### Response:
| Signaling through p 38 MAPKs contributes to LP and TNF-alpha stimulated ICAM-1 surface expression on HMVECs. Thus p38 MAPKs appear integral to both neutrophil and endothelial cell proinflammatory signaling and may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of ARDS. |
### Instruction:
Does stress-induced fractal rearrangement of the endothelial cell cytoskeleton cause apoptosis?
### Response:
| Sequential stresses that mimic pathophysiologic "two-hit" stimuli induce a characteristic fractal rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Because cytochalasin D-induced rearrangement of this cytoskeleton produced apoptosis indistinguishable from the stress-induced apoptosis, we conclude that the cytoskeletal rearrange... |
### Instruction:
Does transvaginal ultrasonography by emergency physicians decrease patient time in the emergency department?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates a more rapid ED transit time when TVUS was performed at the bedside by emergency physicians as compared with when pelvic ultrasonography required consultation. Additionally, fewer calls to consultants were required. |
### Instruction:
Does bcl-2 slow in vitro breast cancer growth despite its antiapoptotic effect?
### Response:
| Despite antiapoptotic effects favoring tumor survival, Bcl-2 prolongs cell cycle. Decreased tumor proliferation may account for the association of Bcl-2 expression with a favorable outcome in breast cancer, even though Bcl-2 may mediate chemoresistance in some patients. |
### Instruction:
Do endotoxemia and IL-1 beta stimulate mucosal IL-6 production in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract?
### Response:
| Mucosal IL-6 production during endotoxemia is differentially regulated along the gastrointestinal tract. Both TNF alpha and IL-1 beta may be involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal IL-6 production during endotoxemia. |
### Instruction:
Does betamethasone reduce postoperative pain and nausea after ambulatory surgery?
### Response:
| In a placebo-controlled study, the use of corticosteroid prophylaxis (betamethasone) produced a significant reduction in both postoperative pain and nausea in outpatients who received the corticosteroid injection before ambulatory foot or hemorrhoid operations. |
### Instruction:
Does intranasal salmeterol inhibit allergen-induced vascular permeability but not mast cell activation or cellular infiltration?
### Response:
| Treatment with a single dose of salmeterol had no effect on activation of mast cells or cellular infiltration but inhibited vascular permeability. The ability of salmeterol to inhibit antigen-induced vascular permeability may contribute to its therapeutic efficacy in asthma. |
### Instruction:
Is stem cell factor induction associated with mast cell accumulation after canine myocardial ischemia and reperfusion?
### Response:
| Mast cells increase in number in areas of collagen deposition and PCNA expression after myocardial ischemia. The data provide evidence of mast cell precursor infiltration into the areas of cellular injury. SCF is induced in a subset of macrophages infiltrating the healing myocardium. We suggest an important role for SC... |
### Instruction:
Do growth factors increase retroviral transduction but decrease clonogenic potential of umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that a reasonably high transduction efficiency of purified CD34+ cells can be achieved with short schedules of incubation/infection in the absence of stroma or extracellular matrix. |
### Instruction:
Do gestodene and desogestrel have a different influence on concentration profiles of ethinylestradiol in women taking oral contraceptives -- results of isotope dilution mass spectrometry measurements?
### Response:
| The biometric analysis of the results showed that the concentration profiles of EE2 were in their statistics, significantly equivalent after the administration of either of the two oral contraceptives. The sometimes contradictory results found in former studies after the administration of the different contraceptives w... |
### Instruction:
Do tenascin and cytokines in tear fluid after photorefractive keratectomy?
### Response:
| Corneal wounding induces an increased release of several growth modulating cytokines which may be involved in healing processes. |
### Instruction:
Is saralasin-induced inhibition of ovulation in the in vitro perfused rat ovary replicated by the angiotensin II type-2 receptor antagonist PD123319?
### Response:
| Angiotensin II plays an important role in ovulation in the rat and is associated with ovarian prostaglandin synthesis. This effect is not selectively regulated via the angiotensin II type-2 receptor. |
### Instruction:
Do normal pregnancy and preeclampsia both produce inflammatory changes in peripheral blood leukocytes akin to those of sepsis?
### Response:
| Normal third-trimester pregnancy is characterized by remarkable activation of peripheral blood leukocytes, which is further increased in preeclampsia. |
### Instruction:
Is numeric aberration of chromosome 17 strongly correlated with p53 overexpression , tumor proliferation and histopathology in human bladder cancer?
### Response:
| The occurrence and extent of numeric aberrations of chromosome 17 may be associated with the evolution of aggressive growth in TCC and may be a useful indicator for survival. |
### Instruction:
Is angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism associated with coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in a sample of Italian patients?
### Response:
| Our study did not provide evidence of a significant association between ACE genotypes and the development of coronary atherosclerosis. It also failed to support a role of ACE I/D polymorphism in favouring the conversion of coronary stenosis to MI. |
### Instruction:
Is possible association between ocular chloramphenicol and aplastic anaemia -- the absolute risk very low?
### Response:
| An association between ocular chloramphenicol and aplastic anaemia cannot be excluded. However, the risk is less than one per million treatment courses. |
### Instruction:
Is intestinal reperfusion-induced pulmonary edema related to increased pulmonary inducible nitric oxide synthase activity?
### Response:
| These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the release of nanomolar quantities of nitric oxide generated by iNOS contributes to IR-induced pulmonary microvascular dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Does long-term lisinopril therapy reduce exercise-induced albuminuria in normoalbuminuric normotensive IDDM patients?
### Response:
| Glycemic control and blood pressure are directly related to the overnight albumin excretion rate also in normotensive normoalbuminuric IDDM patients. Lisinopril treatment reduces the exercise-induced urinary albumin excretion rate in such patients. These data suggest a protective effect of lisinopril against the develo... |
### Instruction:
Is microvasculopathy associated with the number of cerebrovascular lesions in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis , Dutch type?
### Response:
| Our findings support previous reports suggesting an important role of secondary microvascular degenerative changes in CAA-associated cerebrovascular lesions and suggest an aggravating effect of systemic atherosclerosis, but not hypertension, on the evolution of CAA-AM. These findings may be of relevance to understandin... |
### Instruction:
Are the effects of prenatal intraamniotic surfactant or dexamethasone administration on lung development comparable to changes induced by tracheal ligation in an animal model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
### Response:
| From these data the authors conclude that intraamniotic surfactant or dexamethasone administration is capable of preventing pulmonary hypoplasia in fetuses with CDH, and thus, this method may be a substitute for TL. |
### Instruction:
Is progressive disability in senile dementia accelerated in the presence of depression?
### Response:
| Depression does not in itself engender significant disability, but interacts with senile dementia to accelerate loss of functioning. Effective treatment of depressive illness in senile dementia may have significant impact on the prevalence and severity of disability. |
### Instruction:
Does side of seizure focus predict left medial temporal lobe activation during verbal encoding?
### Response:
| Activation of the left MTL during semantic encoding discriminates patients with RTLE and LTLE. This FMRI technique may potentially be of use in determining memory lateralization and for predicting the side of seizure focus in TLE. |
### Instruction:
Is the greatest dimension of prostate carcinoma a simple , inexpensive predictor of prostate specific antigen failure in radical prostatectomy specimens?
### Response:
| Measuring greatest tumor dimension is a simple, inexpensive predictor of PSA failure in men who have undergone radical prostatectomy. |
### Instruction:
Does administration of antenatal glucocorticoids prevent pulmonary artery structural changes in nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia in rats?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that antenatal maternal dexamethasone treatment prevents pulmonary artery structural changes in nitrofen-induced CDH in rats. |
### Instruction:
Preserves lower extremity arterial reconstruction in the very elderly : successful outcome only the limb but also residential status and ambulatory function?
### Response:
| LEAR in octogenarians is safe, with graft patency and limb salvage rates comparable to those reported for younger patients. LEAR preserves the ability to ambulate and reside at home for most patients. |
### Instruction:
Does persistent collateral perfusion of abdominal aortic aneurysm after endovascular repair lead to progressive change in aneurysm diameter?
### Response:
| There was no significant increase in aortic diameter on an average 18 months postoperatively despite persistent collateral perfusion. This may indicate a halted disease progression in the short term. Embolization of collateral vessels is associated with risk of paraplegia. We recommend a conservative approach with clos... |
### Instruction:
Does resistance training improve insulin sensitivity in NIDDM subjects without altering maximal oxygen uptake?
### Response:
| Moderate-intensity, high-volume resistance training improves insulin sensitivity in nonobese NIDDM without altering VO2max. |
### Instruction:
Does selective vagal denervation of the atria eliminate heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity while preserving ventricular innervation?
### Response:
| Selective vagal denervation of the sinus and AV nodes and atria decreased HRV and eliminated BRS while preserving ventricular innervation. |
### Instruction:
Do both soluble guanylate cyclase and particulate guanylate cyclase regulate myometrial contractility?
### Response:
| Uterine spontaneous contractions are influenced by both soluble and particulate guanylate cyclase; the former, but not latter, is gestational age dependent. |
### Instruction:
Do calcium channel blockers attenuate cardiovascular responses to tracheal extubation in hypertensive patients?
### Response:
| Compared with nicardipine, administration of diltiazem produced greater attenuating the circulatory responses to tracheal extubation in hypertensive patients. |
### Instruction:
Does prolonged severe hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rats cause subtle brain damage?
### Response:
| HS at MAP 40 mm Hg for 60 minutes or MAP 30 mm Hg for 45 minutes does not cause subtle functional or histologic brain damage in surviving rats. Controlling MAP at 30 mm Hg carries a risk of sudden cardiac arrest. These data suggest that limited fluid resuscitation, to maintain MAP at about 40 mm Hg, as recommended for ... |
### Instruction:
Does cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS-398 improve survival and restores leukocyte counts in burn infection?
### Response:
| Inhibition of the COX-2 isoform of cyclooxygenase with NS-398 inhibited macrophage PGE2 production, restored ANC, and improved survival during burn infection. NS-398, therefore, has potential therapeutic benefits in septic patients who have developed neutropenia. |
### Instruction:
Does adenovirus-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase gene transfer inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis?
### Response:
| Adenovirus-mediated iNOS gene transfer effectively blocks spontaneous and TNF-alpha + ActD-induced cell killing in hepatocytes. iNOS gene transfer could be used to suppress apoptotic hepatocyte death in vitro and possibly in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Does butyrate inhibit colon carcinoma cell growth through two distinct pathways?
### Response:
| Butyrate appears to inhibit colon cancer cell growth by two mechanisms, one involving histone hyperacetylation and p21 induction and the other related to impaired EGF-responsiveness. |
### Instruction:
Is insulin secretion inhibited by subtype five somatostatin receptor in the mouse?
### Response:
| These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of somatostatin on insulin secretion is mediated through the subtype 5 receptor within the mouse islet. |
### Instruction:
Is moesin expression associated with the estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer phenotype?
### Response:
| Vimentin and moesin are differentially expressed in association with the ER-negative breast cancer phenotype. Moesin is a membrane/actin filament protein involved in dynamic restructuring of the cell surface and filopodia, a cell structure needed for cell adhesion and motility. Moesin may play a role in the invasivenes... |
### Instruction:
Does directed antisense therapy confirm the role of protein kinase C-alpha in the tumorigenicity of pancreatic cancer?
### Response:
| Tumorigenicity of pancreatic cancer is related directly to PKC-alpha expression in vivo as demonstrated by decreased survival when overexpressed. PKC-alpha expression can be down-regulated directly (antisense) and indirectly (scrambled) in vitro, which subsequently confers a dramatic survival benefit in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Does activation of tumor cell matrix metalloproteinase-2 by neutrophil proteinases require expression of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase?
### Response:
| PMN-derived serine proteinases act in concert with MT1-MMP to activate proMMP-2. This finding indicates a potential role for inflammatory cells in promoting extracellular matrix breakdown during tumor invasion. |
### Instruction:
Are migrainous visual accompaniments rare in late life : the Framingham Study?
### Response:
| Late-life-onset transient visual phenomena similar to the visual aura of migraine are not rare and often occur in the absence of headache. These symptoms appear not to be associated with an increased risk of stroke, and invasive diagnostic procedures or therapeutic measures are generally not indicated. |
### Instruction:
Does diurnal blood pressure change vary with stroke subtype in the acute phase?
### Response:
| Diurnal BP change was reduced in the 3 stroke subgroups studied, especially in patients with cortical infarcts and PICH. This may reflect damage to the central modulation of autonomic BP control. The implications in terms of prognosis and therapy in the acute period require further study. |
### Instruction:
Is amoxycillin resistance one reason for failure of amoxycillin-omeprazole treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection?
### Response:
| The effectiveness of amoxycillin-omeprazole dual therapy was greatly reduced in the presence of pre-treatment amoxycillin-resistant H. pylori. The success rate in patients with amoxycillin-sensitive H. pylori was only 66%, suggesting the presence of additional factors affecting the efficacy of this therapy. |
### Instruction:
Is increasing peripapillary atrophy associated with progressive glaucoma?
### Response:
| Progression of peripapillary atrophy is associated with progressive optic disc damage and progressive visual field loss in glaucoma and may be used as a marker for progressive glaucomatous damage. |
### Instruction:
Is diaphragmatic function markedly altered in cerulein-induced pancreatitis?
### Response:
| Acute pancreatitis induced marked diaphragmatic dysfunction. Although the precise mechanisms responsible for this alteration are not precisely determined, diaphragmatic dysfunction may play a role in pancreatitis-associated respiratory failure. |
### Instruction:
Do isolation and characterization of a novel 98-kd Dermatophagoides farinae mite allergen?
### Response:
| We have identified and characterized a 98-kd house dust mite allergen that showed greater than 80% IgE reactivity with sera from patients allergic to mites. This is the first high MW allergen characterized to date, and it shares high sequence homology with paramyosins in invertebrates. |
### Instruction:
Does plasma from patients with cirrhosis increase tissue plasminogen activator release from vascular endothelial cells in vitro?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that factors in plasma from patients with decompensated cirrhosis directly stimulate t-PA release from the vascular endothelial cells, while any increased PAI-1 release observed in comparable in vivo situations is probably an indirect response to an increase of t-PA or a result of impaired hepatic ... |
### Instruction:
Do urinary levels of monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 correlate with tumour stage and grade in patients with bladder cancer?
### Response:
| MCP-1, as a potent monocyte chemo-attractant to tumour sites, is probably produced by bladder cancer cells; MCP-1 levels in the vicinity of the tumour (i.e. urine) correlate significantly with TNM stage and grade. As has already been shown in other neoplasms, the resulting monocyte/macrophage infiltrate possibly facili... |
### Instruction:
Are a replication study of violent and nonviolent subjects : cerebrospinal fluid metabolites of serotonin and dopamine predicted by plasma essential fatty acids?
### Response:
| This observational study suggests that dietary essential fatty acids may change neurotransmitter concentrations. Prospective dietary intervention trials will be required to determine if increasing dietary intake of docosahexaenoic acid will increase or decrease either CSF 5-HIAA concentrations or impulsive and violent ... |
### Instruction:
Do artificial urinary sphincter in the treatment of urinary incontinence : preoperative urodynamics predict the need for future bladder augmentation?
### Response:
| Standard preoperative urodynamics do not predict the patients who undergo isolated artificial urinary sphincter implantation and eventually require bladder augmentation. |
### Instruction:
Does intravesical application of a stable oxybutynin solution improve therapeutic compliance and acceptance in children with neurogenic bladder dysfunction?
### Response:
| Intravesical instillation of a specially prepared oxybutynin solution is safe and reliable in children with persistent detrusor hyperactivity or side effects on oral oxybutynin therapy. Eliminating the complex crushing preparation of the solution by the child or parent has made this therapy easy to use and acceptable i... |
### Instruction:
Does preoperative volume expansion improve tolerance to carotid artery cross-clamping during endarterectomy?
### Response:
| These results support the use of preoperative colloid volume expansion in carotid endarterectomy as a means of increasing the cerebral tolerance to carotid cross-clamping. |
### Instruction:
Do delayed repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia with early high-frequency oscillatory ventilation during preoperative stabilization?
### Response:
| We report a survival rate of 81% (18 of 22) with the management of CDH by delayed surgical repair, early postnatal HFOV, and selective referral for ECMO. |
### Instruction:
Is heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor cytoprotective for intestinal epithelial cells exposed to hypoxia?
### Response:
| HB-EGF is a mitogenic growth factor for intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, HB-EGF appears to protect intestinal epithelial cells from hypoxia, in part via maintenance of cytoskeletal structure and ATP stores. Finally, HB-EGF-treated cells also appear to have better proliferative abilities during recovery from hypox... |
### Instruction:
Does temporary tracheal occlusion cause catch-up lung maturation in a fetal model of diaphragmatic hernia?
### Response:
| Temporary tracheal occlusion in utero does not cause the dramatic decrease in type II pneumocytes seen after prolonged occlusion. Although only minimal increase in lung volume is seen in CDH, catch-up parenchymal growth and maturation occur, most notably in the surfactant-producing system. |
### Instruction:
Do endothelial cells inhibit smooth muscle cell secretion of hyaluronanic acid?
### Response:
| ECs inhibit SMC hyaluronanic acid synthesis and RHAMM expression. This inhibition may be an important mechanism by which ECs modify the SMC response to injury. |
### Instruction:
Are age-related nuclear lens opacities associated with reduced growth before 1 year of age?
### Response:
| To our knowledge, this is the first time that such an association has been reported; it needs to be replicated in other populations. It could provide part of the explanation for the observed excess risk of cataract in developing countries. |
### Instruction:
Is aqueous humor flow in sleeping humans unaffected by norepinephrine infusion?
### Response:
| An infusion of norepinephrine during sleep that causes measurable changes in cardiovascular parameters has no measurable effects on the rate of aqueous humor flow. The lack of a measurable effect of a norepinephrine infusion contrasts to the stimulatory effect of an epinephrine infusion. |
### Instruction:
Are osteopontin and its integrin receptor alpha ( v ) beta3 upregulated during formation of the glial scar after focal stroke?
### Response:
| Early microglial/macrophage expression of osteopontin mRNA defines the borders and final infarct area at 24 hours. At 5 days osteopontin ligand is at a distance from the peri-infarct astrocytes expressing integrin receptor alpha(v)beta3. By 15 days astrocytes expressing integrin receptor alpha(v)beta3 are localized in ... |
### Instruction:
Does physician-diagnosed erythema migrans and erythema migrans-like rashes following Lone Star tick bite?
### Response:
| Lone Star ticks are associated with rashes that are similar, if not identical, to erythema migrans associated with borrelial infection. The recent isolation and cultivation of Borrelia burgdorferi from ticks (including 1 Lone Star tick) from the farm of a patient included in this report has raised the possibility that ... |
### Instruction:
Do ursodeoxycholic acid and cholesterol induce enterohepatic cycling of bilirubin in rodents?
### Response:
| By causing bile salt malabsorption, dietary UDCA and cholesterol induce enterohepatic cycling of bilirubin. |
### Instruction:
Does regulation of protein synthesis by cholecystokinin in rat pancreatic acini involve PHAS-I and the p70 S6 kinase pathway?
### Response:
| CCK stimulation of protein synthesis in pancreatic acini is sensitive to rapamycin and PI 3K inhibitors and involves PHAS-I phosphorylation and its association with eIF-4E. |
### Instruction:
Is limb blood flow during exercise dependent on nitric oxide?
### Response:
| EDNO contributes significantly to limb blood flow during exercise. Conditions that reduce EDNO production disturb the hyperemic response to exercise, resulting in a reduced exercise capacity. |
### Instruction:
Is prostate cancer diagnosed by the 5 region biopsy method significant disease?
### Response:
| Our data demonstrated no significant difference in tumor volume, DNA ploidy status, Gleason score or final pathological tumor stage between tumors diagnosed using the 5 region versus sextant biopsy techniques. |
### Instruction:
Is the circadian rhythm of leptin preserved in growth hormone deficient hypopituitary adults?
### Response:
| A circadian rhythm for leptin is generally present in hypopituitary patients who had undergone pituitary surgery and/or radiotherapy, with the highest serum leptin levels being obtained between midnight and early morning hours. Although some patients had some residual pituitary activity, intact hypothalamic-pituitary f... |
### Instruction:
Do class II cytokine receptor ligands inhibit human vascular smooth muscle proliferation?
### Response:
| The class II cytokine receptor ligands, IL-10 and IFN, inhibit cytokine-(TNF) and growth factor-(FGF) induced VSMC proliferation. The class II cytokine receptor may provide a novel therapeutic target in regulating vessel wall remodeling after vascular injury. |
### Instruction:
Does competency-based instruction in critical invasive skills improve both resident performance and patient safety?
### Response:
| (1) Residents' skills rapidly improve with CBI; (2) skills learned through CBI in the laboratory can be translated to and sustained in the clinical setting; (3) CBI produces competent residents who perform skills rapidly and with minimal complications. |
### Instruction:
Does hydrogen peroxide induce tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated cardiac injury by a P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that H2O2 alone induces myocardial TNF production. P38 MPAK is an oxidant-sensitive enzyme that mediates oxidant-induced myocardial TNF production, cardiac dysfunction, and cardiomyocyte death. |
### Instruction:
Does amyloid-beta induce chemokine secretion and monocyte migration across a human blood -- brain barrier model?
### Response:
| In some individuals, circulating monocytes/macrophages, when recruited by chemokines produced by activated microglia and macrophages, could add to the inflammatory destruction of the brain in Alzheimer's disease. |
### Instruction:
Does no difference exist in the alteration of circadian rhythm between patients with and without intensive care unit psychosis?
### Response:
| Either patients who develop ICU psychosis have an increased sensitivity to an alteration of their circadian rhythm, or ICU psychosis develops independent of circadian rhythm abnormalities. |
### Instruction:
Is a CAT reporter construct containing 277bp GNAT2 promoter and 214bp IRBP enhancer specifically expressed by cone photoreceptor cells in transgenic mice?
### Response:
| The results show that the 277 bp 5'-flanking sequence from the human GNAT2 gene coupled with the 214 bp IRBP enhancer can direct a tissue-specific expression pattern of CAT reporter gene in mouse retina, which parallels the expression pattern of endogenous GNAT2. |
### Instruction:
Is mutation of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene a feature of ovarian cancers?
### Response:
| Alteration of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene does not appear to be a feature of sporadic or BRCA1-associated ovarian cancers. |
### Instruction:
Are wound tensile strength and contraction rate affected by laparotomy or pneumoperitoneum?
### Response:
| From the results of these studies, we conclude that wound healing in this model is not significantly diminished following laparotomy or peritoneal insufflation, as compared to anesthesia control. |
### Instruction:
Does normoxic cardiopulmonary bypass reduce oxidative myocardial damage and nitric oxide during cardiac operations in the adult?
### Response:
| Hyperoxic cardiopulmonary bypass during cardiac operations in adults results in oxidative myocardial damage related to oxygen-derived free radicals and nitric oxide. These adverse effects can be markedly limited by reduced oxygen tension management. The concept of normoxic cardiopulmonary bypass may be applied to surgi... |
### Instruction:
Does cimetidine reduce impairment of cellular immunity after cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass?
### Response:
| Cimetidine counteracts depressive effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on cell-mediated immunity and may possibly reduce postoperative susceptibility to infection. |
### Instruction:
Does administration of fructose 1,6-diphosphate during early reperfusion significantly improve recovery of contractile function in the postischemic heart?
### Response:
| We conclude that fructose-1,6-diphosphate, when given during early reperfusion, significantly improves recovery of both diastolic and systolic function in association with increased glucose uptake and higher phosphocreatine levels during reperfusion. |
### Instruction:
Is a prolonged QRS duration on surface electrocardiogram a specific indicator of left ventricular dysfunction [ see comment ]?
### Response:
| Prolonged QRS duration (>0.10 s) obtained from a standard resting 12-lead ECG is a specific, but relatively insensitive indicator of decreased LV systolic function. Further prolongation of the QRS had a higher specificity for decreased LV EF and a higher positive likelihood ratio for predicting abnormal LV EF. |
### Instruction:
Do human SERCA2a levels correlate inversely with age in senescent human myocardium?
### Response:
| Senescent human myocardium exhibits decreased myocardial SERCA2a content with age, which may, in part, explain impaired myocardial function after either I/R or Ca2+ exposure. |
### Instruction:
Does alternative multidrug regimen provide improved suppression of HIV-1 replication over triple therapy?
### Response:
| With the five drugs used in this study, the median time to reach < 50 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml was 8 weeks shorter than with the three-drug regimen. This finding shows that suppression of viral load in HIV-infection by standard triple-drug therapy can be improved upon. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Treatment of hypopituitarism in adults with growth hormone improve improves the thickness of the arterial intima ]?
### Response:
| In hypopituitary adults the arterial intima thickness of common carotid arteries is less than in healthy controls. The reduced thickness was normalised after one year treatment with growth hormone. Atheromatous plaques were not found either before or after the treatment. Duplex ultrasound measurement may be one of the ... |
### Instruction:
Does renal angiotensin converting enzyme promote renal damage during ureteral obstruction?
### Response:
| We propose that elevated renal angiotensin converting enzyme activity contributes to more severe renal parenchymal damage in ureteral obstruction by promoting the availability of growth factors, such as angiotensin II, or depleting antiproliferation factors, such as bradykinin or nitric oxide. These findings complement... |
### Instruction:
Does soluble factor ( s ) released from neutrophils activate endothelial cell matrix metalloproteinase-2?
### Response:
| PMNs release a soluble factor that activates endothelial cell MMP-2 through a novel mechanism independent of cell-cell contact and not attributable to the activities of plasmin, cysteine-, acid-, or metalloproteinases. These findings may provide insight into the tissue remodeling that accompanies PMN-mediated microvasc... |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin-6 augment neutrophil cytotoxic potential via selective enhancement of elastase release?
### Response:
| IL-6 alone enhances both basal and fMLP-stimulated elastase release by PMNs. This proinflammatory action on PMNs may help explain the observed correlation between circulating IL-6 levels and inflammatory organ injury. |
### Instruction:
Do effect of surgical panel composition on patient outcome at a level I trauma center?
### Response:
| Transitions in staffing afforded the opportunity to examine patient outcomes by surgeon specialization and frequency of call. In our sample, 12 well-trained surgeons taking call less frequently managed a trauma service as efficiently as a group of 4 trauma specialists, without any differences in morbidity and mortality... |
### Instruction:
Do mothers prolong breastfeeding of undernourished children in rural Senegal?
### Response:
| Duration of breastfeeding is not determined by characteristics of the mothers only. Women prolong breastfeeding for undernourished children and reduce the duration for well-nourished children, probably because they are aware of the mortality risk following weaning. |
### Instruction:
Does antisense RNA complementary to hepatitis B virus specifically inhibit viral replication?
### Response:
| Certain antisense RNA molecules will have substantial antiviral effects against HBV. Antisense RNAs derived from the HBV genome are promising candidates as antiviral agents and may serve as novel tools to identify functionally important regions of HBV transcripts. |
### Instruction:
Does carbon dioxide mediate duodenal mucosal alkaline secretion in response to luminal acidity in the anesthetized rat?
### Response:
| Exposure of the duodenal mucosa to solutions with high concentrations of CO2 increases the mucosal alkaline secretion despite an almost neutral pH. Data indicate that the L-arginine/NO pathway is involved in the mediation of this response. |
### Instruction:
Does somatostatin stimulate the brush-tailed possum sphincter of Oddi in vitro and in vivo?
### Response:
| Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity is present in the extrahepatic biliary tree, and somatostatin 1-14 stimulates sphincter of Oddi smooth muscle and nerves. The major action is direct stimulation of sphincter of Oddi circular muscle, which reduces transsphincteric flow. |
### Instruction:
Does helicobacter pylori infection induce gastric cancer in mongolian gerbils?
### Response:
| We have successfully demonstrated that long-term infection with H. pylori induces adenocarcinoma in Mongolian gerbils. The observations are thus highly suggestive of the involvement of H. pylori infection in gastric carcinogenesis in humans. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.