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### Instruction:
Is gastric acid-evoked c-fos messenger RNA expression in rat brainstem signaled by capsaicin-resistant vagal afferents?
### Response:
| Gastric acid challenge is signaled to the brainstem, but not the spinal cord, through vagal afferents that are sensitive to acid but resistant to capsaicin. It is hypothesized that the gastric acid-induced c-fos transcription in the brainstem is related to gastric chemonociception. |
### Instruction:
Are pretransplant virological markers hepatitis C virus genotype and viremia level helpful in predicting individual outcome after orthotopic liver transplantation?
### Response:
| Pretransplant HCV virological markers are not helpful to predict the outcome after OLT. However, it should be further investigated whether estimation of HCV genotype and viremia levels very early after OLT, i.e., within the first weeks, may be a better approach to recognize high-risk patients. |
### Instruction:
Is paradoxical sphincter reaction influenced by rectal filling volume?
### Response:
| The present study demonstrates that paradoxical sphincter reaction diagnosed by electromyography is influenced by the rectal filling volume and might diminish when the rectum is filled with contents. The conventional electrophysiologic technique in the diagnosis of paradoxical sphincter reaction might, therefore, overd... |
### Instruction:
Is a fetal systemic inflammatory response followed by the spontaneous onset of preterm parturition?
### Response:
| A systemic fetal proinflammatory cytokine response is followed by the onset of spontaneous preterm parturition in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes. |
### Instruction:
Is failure to increase insulin-like growth factor-I synthesis involved in the mechanisms of growth retardation of children with inherited liver disorders?
### Response:
| The underlying cause of growth retardation in patients with inherited liver disease seems to be a progressive failure to increase IGF-I synthesis (at the conventional rhGH dose) and the consequent lack of its growth-promoting effect. The moderate increase in baseline GH values, the greater IGF-I response to the higher ... |
### Instruction:
Is the radioprotective effect of BBI associated with the activation of DNA repair-relevant genes?
### Response:
| The radioprotective effect of the Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor was accompanied by elevated mRNA expression of repair-relevant genes prior to irradiation. Activation of the DNA-repair machinery induced by pre-treatment with BBI is one possible mechanism of the radioprotective effect of BBI. |
### Instruction:
Does cholestasis confer resistance to the rat liver mitochondrial permeability transition?
### Response:
| These data suggest that an increase in mitochondria cardiolipin content occurs during cholestasis as an adaptive phenomenon to resist cell death by the MPT. |
### Instruction:
Does exercise training in heart failure improve quality of life and exercise capacity?
### Response:
| Supervised exercise training was safe and beneficial in heart failure patients < or = 75 years, especially in men with ischaemic aetiology. The effects of exercise training in women and patients with non-ischaemic aetiology should be further examined. |
### Instruction:
Are ambulance sphygmomanometers frequently inaccurate?
### Response:
| This study suggests that an accurate blood pressure measurement may not be reliably obtained with 73% of the sphygmomanometers currently used in the county's EMS system. |
### Instruction:
Does immunophenotypic analysis of the aortic aneurysm wall suggest that vascular dendritic cells are involved in immune responses?
### Response:
| Vascular dendritic cells are involved in immune reactions in the aneurysm wall, and this process mostly occurs in the adventitia. Vascular dendritic cells contact both T cells and B cells, suggesting that these vascular dendritic cells differ from other dendritic cells, subtypes of which associate with T cells (Langerh... |
### Instruction:
Are peripheral blood levels of matrix metalloproteases-2 and -9 elevated in patients with acute coronary syndromes?
### Response:
| Serial changes in serum MMP-2 and plasma MMP-9 were documented in patients with ACS. These findings provide an insight into the molecular mechanism of plaque destabilization. |
### Instruction:
Do glucocorticoids inhibit activation-dependent expression of costimulatory molecule B7-1 in human monocytes?
### Response:
| Inhibition of the up-regulation of B7-1 by glucocorticoids is a previously unknown mechanism of action of these substances and may relevantly contribute to their effects as immunosuppressive drugs. |
### Instruction:
Does early treatment of congenital unilateral cataract minimize unequal competition?
### Response:
| These findings support the hypothesis that only visual deprivation is active as an amblyogenic factor during the first weeks of life, but when unilateral deprivation is prolonged to 12 to 30 weeks, unequal competition also plays a role in amblyogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does failure to learn human immunodeficiency virus test result in Los Angeles public sexually transmitted disease clinics?
### Response:
| Most STD clinic patients fail to receive an HIV test result. Other strategies, such as rapid HIV testing, are needed to increase participation and receipt of HIV test results in this high-risk population. |
### Instruction:
Does partial liquid ventilation decrease the inflammatory response in the alveolar environment of trauma patients?
### Response:
| Early institution of partial liquid ventilation is effective at reducing the alveolar inflammatory response. Perflubron exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect in the alveolar environment with reduction of proinflammatory IL-1 and IL-6 (possibly removing a stimulus for IL-10), white blood cell count, and protein capillary... |
### Instruction:
Do post-operative inflammation following deep sclerectomy with collagen implant versus standard trabeculectomy?
### Response:
| Surgically induced inflammation can be reduced with DSCI. This may be due to the lack of iridectomy, irrigation, and penetration of the anterior chamber. Eyes at increased risk of post-operative inflammation, such as those with uveitic or traumatic glaucoma, may benefit from this procedure. Further studies are needed t... |
### Instruction:
Is nuclear antigen histone H1 primarily involved in lupus erythematosus cell formation?
### Response:
| Histone H1 represents the major antigenic component recognized by the LE cell factor. Thus, the LE cell phenomenon appears to be due primarily to anti-histone H1 reactivity. |
### Instruction:
Is nitric oxide synthase the mediator of late preconditioning against myocardial infarction in conscious rabbits?
### Response:
| Taken together, these results indicate that in the conscious rabbit, the infarct-sparing effect of the late phase of ischemic PC is mediated by the activity of NOS and suggest that the specific isoform primarily responsible for this cardioprotective phenomenon is iNOS. Thus, NO appears to be a pivotal component of the ... |
### Instruction:
Does gluten induce an intestinal cytokine response strongly dominated by interferon gamma in patients with celiac disease?
### Response:
| The results show that mucosal gluten exposure in patients with celiac disease rapidly elicits high levels of IFN-gamma expression and lower levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha even in the virtual absence of IL-12. |
### Instruction:
Does blockage of T-cell costimulation inhibit T-cell action in celiac disease?
### Response:
| In an organ culture model, CTLA-4Ig controls many but not all of the immunologic features of celiac disease. |
### Instruction:
Does endogenous cholecystokinin enhance postprandial gastroesophageal reflux in humans through extrasphincteric receptors?
### Response:
| Endogenous CCK enhances postprandial gastroesophageal reflux in humans by increasing the rate of TLESRs and reduces postprandial LES pressure. These actions seem mediated by extrasphincteric CCK-A receptors that override a direct contractile effect of CCK on the LES muscle. |
### Instruction:
Does nitric oxide modulate T-lymphocyte migration in Peyer 's patches and villous submucosa of rat small intestine?
### Response:
| These data suggest that NO is an important modulator of lymphocyte migration in Peyer's patches and in nonlymphoid regions of the intestine. |
### Instruction:
Does intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin induce the antiangiogenic chemokine interferon-inducible protein 10?
### Response:
| Our small series demonstrates that IP-10 and its inducing cytokines are elevated in response to intravesical BCG. These data suggest that, in addition to a cellular immune response, BCG may induce a cytokine-mediated antiangiogenic environment that aids in inhibiting future tumor growth and progression. |
### Instruction:
Are in old age the majority of thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies directed to a single TPO domain irrespective of thyroid function and iodine intake?
### Response:
| (1) In old age, there is a polyclonal TPO autoantibody response but the majority of the autoantibodies are directed to the TPO region mapped by or close to mAb9 (domain A); (2) the autoantibody response does not differ in elderly subjects with or without the clinical manifestations of autoimmune thyroid disease and doe... |
### Instruction:
Does pulmonary valve annulus grow after balloon dilatation of neonatal critical pulmonary valve stenosis?
### Response:
| Balloon dilatation of critical pulmonary valve stenosis encourages catch-up growth of the pulmonary valve, and surgery may be avoided even in a hypoplastic pulmonary valve annulus. |
### Instruction:
Does optimal preload adjustment of maximal ventricular power index vary with cardiac chamber size?
### Response:
| PWRmax/EDV provides adequate preload independence in all but dilated hearts with reduced LV function, whereas PWRmax/EDV2 is required in the latter. These data should help clinical application of a noninvasive PWRmax index for assessing chamber contractility and contractile reserve in human beings. |
### Instruction:
Do osteoblast-derived survival factors protect PC-3 human prostate cancer cells from adriamycin apoptosis?
### Response:
| These data suggest that osteoblast-like cells and osteoblast-derived growth factors can optimize survival of metastatic prostate cancer cells, thereby helping to develop cytotoxic drug-resistant growth in vitro. |
### Instruction:
Are components of the insulin resistance syndrome associated with progression of atherosclerosis in non-grafted arteries 5 years after coronary artery bypass surgery?
### Response:
| In addition to high serum cholesterol, the components of the insulin resistance syndrome are associated with progression of atherosclerosis in non-grafted coronary arteries 5 years after coronary artery bypass surgery. |
### Instruction:
Does nitric oxide inhibit neutrophil adhesion during experimental extracorporeal circulation?
### Response:
| These results confirm that neutrophil activation occurs during cardiopulmonary bypass. The addition of NO to the circuits of extracorporeal circulation significantly affects neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. |
### Instruction:
Does adhesion of resin-modified glass ionomer cement using resin bonding systems?
### Response:
| A recent bonding system combined with the RmGICs exhibited the greatest shear bond strength to dentine, irrespective of chemical differences that may exist between the two RmGICs. |
### Instruction:
Is the pattern of alteration in flow velocity in the recanalized artery related to left ventricular recovery in patients with acute infarction and successful direct balloon angioplasty?
### Response:
| The alteration in flow velocity in recanalized infarcted arteries is related to left ventricular recovery. A progressive decrease in velocity after angioplasty implies no reflow, which is associated with a poor recovery of left ventricular function. Reperfusion injury may account in part for this phenomenon. |
### Instruction:
Are psychological symptoms greater among weight cycling women with severe binge eating behavior?
### Response:
| Operational definitions of weight cycling and binge eating are needed to facilitate research on effective weight-loss treatments. Persons seeking to lose weight (especially weight cyclers) should be assessed for binge eating severity, problematic eating behaviors, and psychological symptoms. |
### Instruction:
Does use of Medicare claim data to measure county-level variations in the incidence of colorectal carcinoma?
### Response:
| Medicare files are a potential alternative source of national data for the study of colorectal carcinoma incidence among the elderly at the county level. The data also suggest significant variations among counties in colorectal carcinoma incidence, stage, and mortality that could be used in public health initiatives. |
### Instruction:
Do interleukin-6 levels in cerebrospinal fluid inversely correlate to severity of Parkinson 's disease?
### Response:
| Elevated IL-6 levels in the CSF of untreated parkinsonian patients may reflect the original condition in the course of disease. We speculate that an endogenous upregulation of IL-6 synthesis occurs in order to regenerate lesioned neurons probably at an early phase of the degenerative process in PD. |
### Instruction:
Does rNA unwinding in U4/U6 snRNPs require ATP hydrolysis and the DEIH-box splicing factor Brr2?
### Response:
| Disruption of U4/U6 base-pairing in native snRNPs requires ATP hydrolysis and Brr2. This is the first assignment of a DExD/H-box splicing factor to a specific biological unwinding event. The unwinding function of Brr2 can be antagonized by the annealing activity of Prp24. We propose the existence of a dynamic cycle, un... |
### Instruction:
Does a second-generation blood substitute ( perfluorodichlorooctane emulsion ) activate complement during an ex vivo circulation model of bypass?
### Response:
| The second-generation PFC added to the prime of a CPB circuit does not independently increase complement production. |
### Instruction:
Do volatile anesthetics alter bradykinin-induced release of nitric oxide or L-citrulline in crystalloid perfused guinea pig hearts?
### Response:
| This is the first study to simultaneously measure CF with bradykinin-induced changes in [NO] and [L-cit] in the presence of halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane in intact hearts. The study shows for the first time that volatile anesthetics do not alter the CF to NO relationship and suggests that NO production, NO rel... |
### Instruction:
Does pulmonary blood flow redistribute in dogs with reposition from supine to left lateral position?
### Response:
| Perfusion to each lung did not change with movement from the supine to the left lateral position. These findings contradict the prediction of increased dependent lung and decreased nondependent lung blood flow based on the gravitational model. It was concluded that the distribution of blood flow in the lateral position... |
### Instruction:
Is efficacy of oral iron supplementation enhanced by additional intravenous iron during autologous blood donation?
### Response:
| Oral iron supplementation increased the production of Hb in autologous blood donors more than placebo did. Additional intravenous iron did not lead to a further increase in preoperative Hb production. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Arm adduction increase block extension in anesthesia of the brachial plexus by the axillary approach ]?
### Response:
| Axillary rotation of the arm is not a determining factor in sensory blockade in brachial plexus anesthesia by the axillary route. |
### Instruction:
Does hepatocyte polyunsaturated fatty acid enrichment increase acute phase protein synthesis?
### Response:
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids have the capability to increase in vitro acute phase protein synthesis. This may contribute to the observed anti-inflammatory effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid enrichment. |
### Instruction:
Does acute dichloroacetate administration increase skeletal muscle free glutamine concentrations after burn injury?
### Response:
| These results suggest that acute DCA administration can increase intramuscular glutamine concentration, but that this acute elevation does not affect muscle protein metabolism. |
### Instruction:
Do carbon dioxide laser ablation with immediate autografting in a full-thickness porcine burn model?
### Response:
| Long-term scarring, based on Vancouver scar assessments and histologic evaluation, was equivalent at 6 months in laser-ablated and sharply excised sites. Should this technology become practical, the potential clinical implications include a reduction in surgical blood loss without sacrifice of immediate engraftment rat... |
### Instruction:
Are hydroperoxides in plasma reduced by intensified insulin treatment . A randomized controlled study of IDDM patients with microalbuminuria?
### Response:
| This study provides support for the hypothesis that hyperglycemia is an important factor in the generation of hydroperoxides, and, thus, reactive oxygen species, in the circulation of IDDM patients. |
### Instruction:
Is the p68 autoantigen characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis reactive with carbohydrate epitope specific autoantibodies?
### Response:
| Autoimmunity to p68 during RA is carried by anti-carbohydrate autoantibodies. The carbohydrate modification of p68 appears to be N-acetylglucosamine, which may reflect the regulation of intracellular localisation of the antigen. It is hypothesised that a shift in glycosylation pattern accompanied by an unphysiological ... |
### Instruction:
Is neurokinin A the predominant tachykinin in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in normal and asthmatic subjects?
### Response:
| Extraction and characterisation of peptides from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid must be performed to ensure that the measured immunoreactivity represents target peptide. NKA is present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in high concentrations and is the predominant tachykinin. The concentrations of NKA are similar in normal... |
### Instruction:
Does endotoxin reduce maximal oxygen consumption in hepatocytes independent of any hypoxic insult?
### Response:
| Endotoxin has complex effects on cellular energy metabolism causing an initial rise in the oxygen consumption rate and a significant limitation in oxygen consumption capacity at 24 h. These complex effects would be in keeping with the varied responses seen in patients. |
### Instruction:
Does an increase in endothelial intracellular calcium and F-actin precede the extravasation of interleukin-2-activated lymphocytes?
### Response:
| The findings reported here suggest that the permeability and extravasation events that occur upon addition of lymphocytes proceeds by a calcium- and actin-dependent mechanism and that incubation of lymphocytes with IL-2 enhances normal lymphocyte mechanisms of extravasation. |
### Instruction:
Does hydrostatic pressure induce expression of interleukin 6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha mRNAs in a chondrocyte-like cell line?
### Response:
| HP at excessively high levels induced IL6 and TNFalpha expression and reduced the expression of proteoglycan core protein, while physiological levels of HP increased the expression of proteoglycan core protein. These findings are important when considering the pathology of osteoarthritis. |
### Instruction:
Does exposure of hepatic sinusoidal mononuclear cells to UW solution in situ but not ex vivo induce apoptosis?
### Response:
| Hepatic sinusoidal mononuclear cells isolated from the UW solution, not from the HTK solution, passing through the liver died through apoptosis, which was not induced by each component of the UW solution, but by exposure in situ. |
### Instruction:
Does linomide ( roquinimex ) affect the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in vitro in multiple sclerosis?
### Response:
| Changes of cytokine balance towards a production of anti-inflammatory cytokines could be a desirable effect to be evaluated in future drug studies of Linomide-like substances. At present, Linomide is not evaluable in MS clinical trials due to side-effects. |
### Instruction:
Is myofilament calcium sensitivity decreased in skinned cardiac fibres of endotoxin-treated rabbits?
### Response:
| Myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity is decreased in skinned fibres taken from rabbit myocardium after i.v. endotoxin injection. This effect is dose- and time-dependent, and reversible with time. |
### Instruction:
Is impairment of forearm vasodilatation to acetylcholine in hypercholesterolemia reversed by aspirin?
### Response:
| In hypercholesterolemia, an altered balance between vasoconstrictor and dilator prostanoids, favouring constrictors, may contribute to endothelial dysfunction either directly or through an effect on nitric oxide synthesis. Restoration of this imbalance may be a component of the therapeutic benefit of aspirin in cardiov... |
### Instruction:
Do dermatologists meet the primary care standard for first contact management of skin disease?
### Response:
| The standard of primary care for skin disease, as set by the generalist, is attention to the skin disease and not comprehensive medical care. Dermatologists are best able to meet this standard. |
### Instruction:
Are androgen receptor gene alterations associated with isolated cryptorchidism?
### Response:
| Mutations of the androgen receptor gene in the hormone and DNA binding domains of the protein appear to be an unlikely cause of isolated cryptorchidism. |
### Instruction:
Does bradykinin stimulate the intracellular calcium activity in human mesothelial cells?
### Response:
| The data indicate that bradykinin stimulates [Ca2+]i in mesothelial cells by a release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and an influx from Ca2+ through non-selective channels via a BK2 receptor. |
### Instruction:
Does laparoscopic ultrasound enhance standard laparoscopy in the staging of pancreatic cancer?
### Response:
| LUS is useful in evaluating the primary tumor and peripancreatic vascular anatomy. When standard laparoscopic findings are equivocal, LUS allowed accurate determination of resectability. Supplementing laparoscopy with LUS offers improved assessment and preoperative staging of pancreatic cancer. |
### Instruction:
Are levels of circulating cellular fibronectin increased in patients with rheumatoid vasculitis?
### Response:
| Increased levels of serum cFN are present in patients with RA, and are frequently found in RA patients with extraarticular manifestations, particularly in those with vasculitis. |
### Instruction:
Does antisense fosB RNA inhibit thrombin-induced hypertrophy in cultured pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells?
### Response:
| These results suggest that FosB is necessary but not sufficient for thrombin-induced hypertrophy in cultured PASMCs. |
### Instruction:
Is transnasal butorphanol effective for postoperative pain relief in children undergoing myringotomy?
### Response:
| Transnasal butorphanol given in a dose of 25 microg/kg after induction of anesthesia provided adequate postoperative pain relief in children undergoing BMT. |
### Instruction:
Is cerebral blood flow and CO2 reactivity similar during remifentanil/N2O and fentanyl/N2O anesthesia?
### Response:
| Remifentanil and fentanyl have similar effects on absolute CBF, and cerebrovascular carbon dioxide reactivity is maintained. |
### Instruction:
Does stress-induced pulse pressure change predict women 's carotid atherosclerosis?
### Response:
| Mental stress-induced pulse pressure changes may influence the development of early atherosclerosis in the carotid artery of women. Widening of pulse pressure during stress, as well as at rest, may be a marker of compromised compliance in the vessel wall. |
### Instruction:
Is correction for heart rate necessary for QT dispersion in individuals without structural heart disease and patients with ventricular tachycardia?
### Response:
| We conclude that QT dispersion remains unchanged during atrial pacing at heart rates up to 120 beats/min in both individuals without structural heart disease and in patients with a history of sustained ventricular tachycardia. Correction by Bazett's formula results in prolongation of QTc dispersion, yielding values whi... |
### Instruction:
Does over-expression of apoptosis-related proteins contribute to muscular damage in the obstructed ureter of the rat?
### Response:
| Apoptosis-related proteins might be important in regulating cell apoptosis in ureteric damage during the development of obstructive uropathy. |
### Instruction:
Is regular dilatation unnecessary after tubularized incised-plate hypospadias repair?
### Response:
| Dilatation of the neourethra is unnecessary after TIP urethroplasty. Calibration or uroflowmetry 6 months after surgery may be useful to detect subclinical obstruction. |
### Instruction:
Does gestational age at intrauterine myelomeningocele repair influence the risk of prematurity?
### Response:
| Early intrauterine myelomeningocele repair before 25 week's gestation does not decrease the gestational age at delivery when compared with repair after 25 weeks. |
### Instruction:
Are maspin and mammaglobin genes specific markers for RT-PCR detection of minimal residual disease in patients with breast cancer?
### Response:
| Our data support the notion that maspin and mammaglobin are useful markers for RT-PCR detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in breast cancer patients, and that perspective clinical studies are needed to determine wether RT-PCR assays will be useful in assessing prognosis, tailoring therapy, or developing new stra... |
### Instruction:
Does discontinuation of furosemide decrease PaCO ( 2 ) in patients with COPD?
### Response:
| Although it does not improve oxygenation, the discontinuation of furosemide decreases PaCO(2) in patients with COPD. |
### Instruction:
Does sodium balance-neutral sodium profiling improve dialysis tolerance?
### Response:
| Sodium balance-neutral sodium profiling failed to improve dialysis tolerance in a group of stable chronic haemodialysis patients. This may be explained by the fact that vascular refilling as deduced from changes in haematocrit was uninfluenced by sodium profiling. |
### Instruction:
Are quantitatively determined survivin expression levels of prognostic value in human gliomas?
### Response:
| Survivin positivity and protein expression levels, as determined quantitatively, are of significant prognostic value in human gliomas and seem to be associated with reduced apoptotic capacity of these tumors. |
### Instruction:
Does co-transduction of p27Kip1 strongly augment Fas ligand- and caspase-8-mediated apoptosis in U-373MG glioma cells?
### Response:
| Combined transduction of p27Kip1 with Fas ligand or caspase-8 would overide the resistance mechanism to apoptosis in malignant gliomas. |
### Instruction:
Does co-transfection of p16 ( INK4a ) and p53 genes into the K562 cell line inhibit cell proliferation?
### Response:
| Expression of wild-type p16(INK4a) and p53 genes in K562 cells results in reduced proliferation and apoptosis. Introduction of exogenous p16(INK4a) and p53 genes into K562 cells might contribute to the clinical treatment of leukemia. |
### Instruction:
Is cell-surface expression of CD25 , CD26 , and CD30 by allergen-specific T cells intrinsically different in cow 's milk allergy?
### Response:
| Antigen-specific T cells from patients with food allergy display an increased expression of cell-surface markers of activation compared with cells of patients without food allergy. This suggests an intrinsically stronger food-specific T-cell response in food-allergic patients, and points to the key role of food-specifi... |
### Instruction:
Do t cells and eosinophils cooperate in the induction of bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis in asthma?
### Response:
| T cell- and eosinophil-induced apoptosis represents a key pathogenic event leading to EC shedding in asthma. |
### Instruction:
Does weight loss reduce C-reactive protein levels in obese postmenopausal women?
### Response:
| Adiposity was a significant predictor of plasma CRP in postmenopausal women on a cross-sectional basis. Moreover, caloric restriction-induced weight loss decreased plasma CRP levels. Weight loss may represent an important intervention to reduce CRP levels, which may mediate part of its cardioprotective effects in obese... |
### Instruction:
Does overexpression of theca-cell messenger RNA in polycystic ovary syndrome correlate with polymorphisms in the cholesterol side-chain cleavage and 17alpha-hydroxylase/C ( 17-20 ) lyase promoters?
### Response:
| Overexpression of CYP17 and CYP11A mRNA in theca cells from polycystic ovaries is explained by polymorphic differences in the gene promoters. |
### Instruction:
Are telomere lengths characteristic in each human individual?
### Response:
| Telomere lengths did not show clear correlation with tissue renewal times in vivo, but rather were characteristic for individuals. |
### Instruction:
Is combined surgery and cidofovir an effective treatment for genital warts in HIV-infected patients?
### Response:
| A combination of surgical and medical treatment was most effective in clearing lesions completely and in reducing the relapse rate. Human papillomavirus DNA clearance can be attributed to the antiviral effect of cidofovir and could explain the low relapse rate observed. Larger studies are required to determine the most... |
### Instruction:
Does decoy oligodeoxynucleotide against activator protein-1 reduce neointimal proliferation after coronary angioplasty in hypercholesterolemic minipigs?
### Response:
| These findings demonstrate the feasibility, efficacy and specificity of the anti-AP-1 dODN approach to the treatment of restenosis, which principally but not exclusively targets deformation-induced ET-1 synthesis in the vessel wall. Provided that these findings can be extrapolated to the situation of patients with coro... |
### Instruction:
Are elevated soluble P-selectin levels associated with an increased risk of early adverse events in patients with presumed myocardial ischemia?
### Response:
| Elevated sP-selectin levels, but not those of other sCAMs, are predictors of early adverse events in patients with chest pain presumed caused by myocardial ischemia. Their utility in predicting the outcome of individual patients is, however, limited. |
### Instruction:
Does elastance correlate with outcome after endoscopic third ventriculostomy in adults with hydrocephalus caused by primary aqueductal stenosis?
### Response:
| R(out) intraventricularly and in the subarachnoid space could not predict the outcome of the ETV, but the reduction in R(out) correlated positively with clinical improvement. Preoperative elastance correlated positively with clinical improvement, and elastance was unchanged after ETV. Clinical improvement correlated po... |
### Instruction:
Does growth hormone treatment alter lower limb asymmetry in children with Russell-Silver syndrome?
### Response:
| We conclude that the rapid growth acceleration to GH treatment does not alter the lower limb asymmetry in children with RSS. |
### Instruction:
Are peripheral effects of PTH altered after thyroid surgery in euthyroid patients?
### Response:
| By using a 6-hour hPTH-(1-34) infusion protocol, we have shown that the peripheral PTH effect is not altered by a slight reduction in thyroid hormone levels at 3 months after hemithyroidectomy. |
### Instruction:
Does thalamic stimulation reduce essential tremor but not the delayed antagonist muscle timing?
### Response:
| In ET, antagonist muscle responses to a torque pulse are similar to that in CbT. However, benefit from thalamic stimulation did not alter these EMG responses; therefore, suppression of tremor must be caused by mechanisms other than the re-establishment of normal agonist-antagonist timing. |
### Instruction:
Do microbial communities in different soil types converge after diesel contamination?
### Response:
| Diesel contamination does not result in the development of similar community profiles in different soil types. |
### Instruction:
Is prosthetic replacement of the aorta a risk factor for aortic root aneurysm development?
### Response:
| Replacement of the aorta with vascular prostheses causes important negative alterations of hemodynamics and increases in wall stress. |
### Instruction:
Is the antiviral protein human lactoferrin distributed in the body to cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection-prone cells and tissues?
### Response:
| The affinity of hLF for endothelial cells and leukocytes, and its penetration into the lymphatic system, indicates that this protein reaches target cells and body compartments that are crucial for CMV and HIV replication. The ability to reach the blood compartment after intraperitoneal dosing offers opportunities for p... |
### Instruction:
Do all patients with truncal gunshot wounds deserve trauma team activation?
### Response:
| Patients with GSWT often require high-level care, even when physiologic TTA criteria are absent on admission. Gunshot wound to the trunk should be an independent criterion for TTA. |
### Instruction:
Does spirometry in the supine position improve the detection of diaphragmatic weakness in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that supine FVC is an excellent and simple test of diaphragmatic weakness. |
### Instruction:
Is clinical relevance of invasion factors urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 for individualized therapy decisions in primary breast cancer greatest when used in combination?
### Response:
| The clinical relevance of the two tumor-invasion factors uPA and PAI-1 is greatest when they are used in combination. The particular combination of uPA and PAI-1 (both low v either or both high) is superior to either factor alone and supports risk-adapted individualized therapy decisions. |
### Instruction:
Does intranasal fentanyl provide adequate postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients?
### Response:
| The intranasal route provides a good alternative for administration of fentanyl in pediatric surgical patients. |
### Instruction:
Is determination of the molecular relationship between multiple tumors within one patient of clinical importance?
### Response:
| By comparing DNA alterations of multiple tumors within one patient, the relationship between the tumors can be assessed. This study shows that in 20 of 25 patients, knowledge of the nature of both lesions was essential in clinical decision making. Furthermore, after thorough analysis of the five cases where clinical de... |
### Instruction:
Do minimal residual disease tests provide an independent predictor of clinical outcome in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia?
### Response:
| The association of MRD test results and DFS was independent of and greater than other standard predictors of outcome and is therefore important in determining treatment for individual patients. |
### Instruction:
Is weak response of helicobacter pylori antibody high risk for gastric cancer : a cross-sectional study of 10,234 endoscoped Japanese?
### Response:
| In this investigation of 10,234 Japanese, based on endoscopy results, those with serum H. pylori antibody had an increased risk for gastric cancer, while those 'weakly positive' showed a high risk, particularly in the elderly. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Somatostatin and growth hormone promote spontaneous closure of enterocutaneous fistula ]?
### Response:
| Combined rhGH and somatostatin is a new therapeutic method for the treatment of enteric fistula. It may promote the spontaneous cure of enteric fistula. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Surgical injuries influence on release of endothelin-1 and local blood perfusion of amputated extremities ]?
### Response:
| Injuries enhance synthesis and release of endothelin-1. It is probably one of the main causes of vasospasm after injuries. |
### Instruction:
Does 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside treatment improve glucose homeostasis in insulin-resistant diabetic ( ob/ob ) mice?
### Response:
| The 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside mediated improvements in glucose homeostasis in ob/ob mice can be explained by effects in skeletal muscle and liver. Due to the apparently deleterious effects of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside on the blood lipid profile, strategies to develop tissue-speci... |
### Instruction:
Does glucocorticoid induced insulin resistance impair basal but not glucose entrained high-frequency insulin pulsatility in humans?
### Response:
| Six days of prednisolone treatment resulted in a pertubed high-frequency insulin release in the fasting state whereas the ability of glucose to entrain insulin secretion was preserved. This indicates a mechanism of pertubed glucose-insulin feedback mechanism which causes irregular oscillatory insulin release. |
### Instruction:
Does the pancreatic beta-cell-specific transcription factor Pax-4 inhibit glucagon gene expression through Pax-6?
### Response:
| Pax-4 impairs glucagon gene transcription specifically through inhibition of Pax-6 mediated transactivation. Transcriptional inhibition seems to be mediated by direct DNA binding competition with Pax-6 and potentially additional mechanisms such as protein-protein interactions and a general repressor activity of Pax-4. ... |
### Instruction:
Does kefir consumption alter plasma lipid levels or cholesterol fractional synthesis rates relative to milk in hyperlipidemic men : a randomized controlled trial [ ISRCTN10820810 ]?
### Response:
| Since kefir consumption did not result in lowered plasma lipid concentrations, the results of this study do not support consumption of kefir as a cholesterol-lowering agent. |
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