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### Instruction:
Is early pregnancy loss in in vitro fertilization ( IVF ) a positive predictor of subsequent IVF success?
### Response:
| Women who experience an early pregnancy loss after IVF have a greater likelihood of success in subsequent IVF cycles when compared with patients who fail to conceive. |
### Instruction:
Do high serum luteinizing hormone and testosterone concentrations predict pregnancy outcome in women with recurrent miscarriage?
### Response:
| The analysis of this large cohort of women with recurrent miscarriage demonstrates that prepregnancy Day 8 serum LH and T concentrations, and BMI do not have a statistically significant relationship with pregnancy outcome. |
### Instruction:
Is coagulation factor XII activity , but not an associated common genetic polymorphism ( 46C/T ) , linked to recurrent miscarriage?
### Response:
| Factor XII activity overall, but not the 46C/T common genetic polymorphism, is associated with recurrent miscarriage. |
### Instruction:
Is medial artery calcification in ESRD patients associated with deposition of bone matrix proteins?
### Response:
| In patients with ESRD undergoing renal transplantation, vascular calcification of the medial layer of the inferior epigastric artery is common (44%), can be detected by spiral CT, and is associated with deposition of bone matrix proteins. This implies an active cell-mediated process, raising hope that directed interven... |
### Instruction:
Are endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in 5/6 nephrectomized rats mediated by vascular superoxide?
### Response:
| Increased vascular superoxide production plays a central role in the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction and hypertension early after 5/6 nephrectomy. |
### Instruction:
Is t-cell activation response to allogeneic CMV-infected endothelial cells prevented by ganciclovir or foscarnet : implications for transplant vascular sclerosis?
### Response:
| Results of these experiments suggest that although these drugs limit CMV replication and dissemination, they do not attenuate the inflammatory potential of infected EC, a force that may be a major factor in CMV-mediated exacerbation of the development of TVS. |
### Instruction:
Is vPAC1 a cellular neuroendocrine receptor expressed on T cells that actively facilitates productive HIV-1 infection?
### Response:
| We have discovered a cellular receptor, VPAC1, that is a novel and potent facilitator of HIV-1 infection and thus, is a potentially important new target for therapeutic intervention. |
### Instruction:
Do monocytes and T lymphocytes in HIV-1-positive patients express HLA-G molecule?
### Response:
| The synthesis of HLA-G is increased in monocytes and certain T lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected individuals. |
### Instruction:
Do the extent of HIV-1-related immunodeficiency and age predict the long-term CD4 T lymphocyte response to potent antiretroviral therapy?
### Response:
| The recovery of CD4 T lymphocytes occurs mainly in the first 2 years after the initiation of ART, and is associated with age and the pre-existing degree of HIV-1-related immunodeficiency, suggesting that the long-term exposure to HIV-1 infection has caused damage to the immune system that is difficult to correct. |
### Instruction:
Does postischemic intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate inhibit hippocampal CA1 neuronal death after transient global ischemia in rats?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate a neuroprotective intravenous dose of MgSO(4), which is effective when administered before or late after ischemia, and a previously uncharacterized dose-response curve for MgSO(4). |
### Instruction:
Do only sociodemographic variables predict quality of life after radiography in patients with head-and-neck cancer?
### Response:
| By routinely obtaining clinical information from the patient's history, patients at risk of low QOL after RT can be identified and could benefit from early psychosocial support. |
### Instruction:
Are proximal adenomas in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer prone to rapid malignant transformation?
### Response:
| HNPCC adenomas are located mainly in the proximal colon. The progression to high grade dysplasia is more common in proximal than distal HNPCC adenomas, indicating a faster transformation rate from early adenoma to cancer in the proximal colon. MMR gene malfunction probably does not initiate adenoma development but is p... |
### Instruction:
Does up-regulation of Bcl-2 through hyperbaric pressure transfection of TGF-beta1 ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat cardiac allografts?
### Response:
| Bcl-2 is down-regulated and TNF-alpha up-regulated in this model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, TGF-beta1 is linked to this process and ameliorates reperfusion injury by up-regulating bcl-2 and inhibiting TNF-alpha. Therapeutic overexpression of myocardial TGF-beta1 may be clinically useful to control isc... |
### Instruction:
Is uptake of ( 201 ) Tl into primary cell cultures from human thyroid tissue multiplied by TSH?
### Response:
| (201)Tl uptake in human thyroid cells is significantly increased by TSH. These data suggest that withdrawal of thyroid hormone substitution has the potential to improve the sensitivity of (201)Tl scintigraphy for detecting thyroid remnants or cancer recurrences. This suggestion should be further investigated in patient... |
### Instruction:
Is dopamine transporter concentration reduced in asymptomatic Machado-Joseph disease gene carriers?
### Response:
| (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 brain SPECT is capable of detecting early alteration of dopamine neurons in the striatal region. Significantly, the results suggest that this impairment of presynaptic dopamine function actually occurs at an early stage, which was previously unrecognized in these aMJD gene carriers. |
### Instruction:
Do nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3 affect functional recovery following peripheral nerve injury differently?
### Response:
| This work shows that there were no long-lasting improvements of anatomical or functional recovery in NGF- or NT3-treated animals 12 weeks following sciatic nerve transection. |
### Instruction:
Does dilatation and curettage fail to detect most focal lesions in the uterine cavity in women with postmenopausal bleeding?
### Response:
| If there are focal lesions in the uterine cavity, hysteroscopy with endometrial resection is superior to D&C for obtaining a representative endometrial sample in women with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrium > or = 5 mm. |
### Instruction:
Are choline and vitamin B12 deficiencies interrelated in folate-replete long-term total parenteral nutrition patients?
### Response:
| These data suggest a strong interaction between vitamin B12 and choline deficiencies and folate status in this population, which may be due in part to variations in vitamin and choline delivery by TPN. Folate adequacy may increase B12 use for homocysteine metabolism, thus limiting B12 availability for methylmaIonic aci... |
### Instruction:
Does a lipid A analog ONO-4007 induce tolerance to plasma leakage in mice?
### Response:
| A single injection of ONO-4007 in mice induced transient tolerance to plasma leakage elicited by LPS, ONO-4007 and inflammatory mediators. Endogenous corticosterone, at least in part, plays a role in the development of tolerance. |
### Instruction:
Do liver-infiltrating T lymphocytes cause hepatocyte damage by releasing humoral factors via LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction in immunological liver injury?
### Response:
| Liver-infiltrating T lymphocytes may be triggered by hepatocytes via LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction to release toxic substances, such as proteases and oxygen radicals, which consequently lead to the hepatocyte damage. |
### Instruction:
Does metastatic breast cancer with HER2/neu-positive cells tend to have a morbid prognosis?
### Response:
| Metastatic breast cancer with overexpression of HER2/neu tends toward a poor prognosis, especially after the first recurrence. For such patients with metastatic breast cancer, a high-dose anthracycline-containing regimen might be needed. |
### Instruction:
Does external beam radiotherapy for age-related macular degeneration cause transient objective changes in tear-film function?
### Response:
| External beam radiotherapy using 20 Gy in 10 fractions and a 2x2 cm lateral field causes a statistically significant difference in tear secretion 3 months after radiation. This effect seems to be transient, as it had disappeared in later follow-up examinations. |
### Instruction:
Is inflammation preceded by tumor necrosis factor-dependent infiltration of mesenchymal cells in experimental arthritis?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that in CIA, there is an antigen-independent (innate) prearthritic phase that prepares the joint for the subsequent immune-mediated arthritis. The induction phase involves marrow-derived mesenchymal cells and requires the presence of TNF. |
### Instruction:
Does vitamin E uncouple joint destruction and clinical inflammation in a transgenic mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| Vitamin E seems to uncouple joint inflammation and joint destruction in this model of RA, with a beneficial effect on joint destruction. Since many investigations are currently in progress to evaluate the benefit of interventions targeted toward anti-IL-1beta, our findings suggest opportunities of therapeutic interest ... |
### Instruction:
Do shiga toxin 1 and 2 induce apoptosis in the amniotic cell line WISH?
### Response:
| Stxs injured WISH cells directly and induced apoptosis in vitro. WISH cells were as sensitive as Vero cells to Stxs and cell death occurred by apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Does an electronic documentation system increase diagnostic code capture for very low birth weight infants?
### Response:
| EDS captured more VLBW infant DX codes compared to PDS. These results support the transition toward electronic data documentation for the neonatal clinical environment. Electronically linking PCode to the patient database has been initiated and should reduce manual coding errors. |
### Instruction:
Is nasal patency related to dust exposure in woodworkers?
### Response:
| Exposure to wood dust was related in a dose dependent manner to acute nasal obstruction measured by acoustic rhinometry and self reported obstruction, but no correlation was found between measured and self reported obstruction. |
### Instruction:
Is a polymorphism in the CD14 gene associated with Crohn disease?
### Response:
| An altered immune response to LPS seems to play a role in the genetic predisposition to CD but not to UC. |
### Instruction:
Does biopsy pathology predict patients with ulcerative colitis subsequently requiring surgery?
### Response:
| Our criteria incorporating specific histologic features and endoscopic disease extent reliably predict eventual clinical outcome, and are expected to prove useful in determining the necessity of surgery. |
### Instruction:
Is sun exposure an aggravating factor responsible for the recalcitrant facial erythema in adult patients with atopic dermatitis?
### Response:
| Exposure to UVB radiation may be responsible for the recalcitrant facial erythema in at least some of the patients with atopic dermatitis. |
### Instruction:
Are scleroderma subsets best detected by the simultaneous analysis of the autoantibody profile using commercial ELISA?
### Response:
| Systemic sclerosis patients are often found to have antinuclear antibodies. In addition to the well-known disease subsets identified by anti-topoisomerase-I and anticentromere antibodies, another one can be established, characterized by antihistone antibodies often associated with anticentromere antibodies. Patients di... |
### Instruction:
Does fas labeling status correlate with apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma in vivo?
### Response:
| These results suggest that the Fas system is not the principal mechanism of apoptosis of RCC while activated tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cells induce apoptosis via mechanisms other than the Fas system. |
### Instruction:
Does orosomucoid in urine predict cardiovascular and over-all mortality in patients with Type II diabetes?
### Response:
| We found that urinary orosomucoid excretion rate predicted all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with Type II diabetes independently from other risk factors. |
### Instruction:
Do retinal photoreceptors of Syrian hamsters undergo oxidative stress during streptozotocin-induced diabetes?
### Response:
| The depression of the light-induced oxidative response in diabetic photoreceptors could be ascribed to a hyperglycaemia-induced background of oxidative stress whereby the light-oxidizable substrate is actually lowered. Melatonin induces a larger fluorescence response during illumination, probably as a consequence of it... |
### Instruction:
Does dNA demethylation modulate mouse leptin promoter activity during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells?
### Response:
| These results suggest that methylation of specific CpG sites between nt -115 and nt -70 and a methylation-sensitive protein could contribute to leptin gene expression during adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. |
### Instruction:
Does heme oxygenase-1 overexpression protect rat hearts from cold ischemia/reperfusion injury via an antiapoptotic pathway?
### Response:
| HO-1 overexpression provides potent protection against cold I/R injury in a stringent rat cardiac model. This effect depends, at least in part, on HO-1-mediated up-regulation of a host antiapoptotic mechanism, especially in the early postreperfusion period. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of CD86 in acute myelogenous leukemia a marker of dendritic/monocytic lineage?
### Response:
| In AML, CD86 is a marker of monocytic/dendritic lineage. Because CD86(+) blasts may differentiate into DC rapidly, CD86(+)AML patients could be optimal candidates for immunotherapy studies, both in autologous and allogeneic settings. |
### Instruction:
Is somatostatin a selective chemoattractant for primitive ( CD34 ( + ) ) hematopoietic progenitor cells?
### Response:
| Somatostatin acts as a selective chemoattractant for immature hematopoietic cells via activation of multiple intracellular pathways. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of PDE3B augment PDE4 inhibitor-induced apoptosis in a subset of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
### Response:
| Although this work confirms that PDE4 appears to be the most important PDE target for induction of apoptosis in CLL, combination therapy with PDE3 and PDE4 inhibitors or use of dual-selective drugs may be of benefit in a subset of relatively PDE4-inhibitor resistant CLL patients. |
### Instruction:
Is denatured H-ferritin subunit a major constituent of haemosiderin in the liver of patients with iron overload?
### Response:
| These results suggest that in iron overloaded liver, haemosiderin consists predominantly of denatured H-ferritin subunits. |
### Instruction:
Do phorbol esters and cAMP differentially regulate the expression of CD4 and CD8 in human thymocytes?
### Response:
| The differential regulation of CD4 and CD8 gene expression suggests that the selective activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and cAMP-dependent protein kinases (PKA) may be required for the selection of single positive CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8+ cells during Intrathymic differentiation. |
### Instruction:
Does endothelial cell seeding influence lesion development following arterial injury in the cholesterol-fed rabbit?
### Response:
| These data support the concept that endothelial restoration is a critical determinant of the outcome of vessel wall repair, particularly in the context of hypercholesterolemia. |
### Instruction:
Is insulin resistance but not hypertriglyceridemia per se associated with endothelial dysfunction in chronic hypertriglyceridemia?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that chronic hypertriglyceridemia per se is not associated with endothelial dysfunction. In contrast, the presence of insulin resistance, characterized by hyperinsulinemia and FFA elevation, contributes to the induction of endothelial dysfunction in chronic HTG. |
### Instruction:
Are plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and tissue-type plasminogen activator up-regulated during unilateral ureteral obstruction in adult rats?
### Response:
| PAI-1 and t-PA are up-regulated in obstructed rat kidneys. Our results indicate that the PA-plasmin system has a role in the process of matrix accumulation and degradation during rat obstructive nephropathy. |
### Instruction:
Is severe obstructive sleep apnea associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction?
### Response:
| Diastolic dysfunction with ARP was common in patients with OSA. More severe sleep apnea was associated with a higher degree of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in this study. |
### Instruction:
Does time from insemination to first cleavage predict developmental competence of human preimplantation embryos in vitro?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that early cleavage is indicative of increased developmental potential in human embryos and may be useful as an additional criterion in the selection of embryos for transfer. |
### Instruction:
Does diltiazem during reperfusion preserve high energy phosphates by protection of mitochondrial integrity?
### Response:
| Diltiazem protects mitochondrial integrity and function, thereby preserving myocardial HEP levels. Only low dose diltiazem (0.1 micromol/l) during reperfusion combines both, optimal mitochondrial preservation with minimal changes in hemodynamics. |
### Instruction:
Is relation between QT and RR intervals highly individual among healthy subjects : implications for heart rate correction of the QT interval?
### Response:
| The QT/RR relation exhibits a very substantial intersubject variability in healthy volunteers. The hypothesis underlying each prospective heart rate correction formula that a "physiological" QT/RR relation exists that can be mathematically described and applied to all people is incorrect. Any general heart rate correct... |
### Instruction:
Does restricted weekend service inappropriately delay discharge after acute myocardial infarction?
### Response:
| For patients with acute myocardial infarction, discharge decisions were influenced appropriately by clinical indicators of risk, but inappropriately by the day of the week. Thus weekend discharge was generally avoided, leading to variations in length of stay that were largely determined by the day of the week on which ... |
### Instruction:
Do lamina propria dendritic cells express activation markers and contact lymphocytes in chronic periodontitis?
### Response:
| The data suggest that prerequisites for mounting a T cell-mediated immune response exist in chronic periodontitis, although this response is limited to the lamina propria. These results suggest that T-cell responses offer limited protection and can contribute to tissue damage during periodontal disease. |
### Instruction:
Do biocompatible membranes promote graft recovery following cadaveric renal transplantation?
### Response:
| In the setting of ARF posttransplantation, we have found no evidence to support the use of biocompatible membranes for dialysis. Rather, our study provides argument against a large benefit for the use of BCM in the recovery of ARF, as suggested by earlier studies. |
### Instruction:
Is middle cerebral artery stenosis a major clinical determinant in striatocapsular small , deep infarction?
### Response:
| The proximal MCA lesion was a common cause of SSDIs in Korean patients. Depending on the existence of an MCA lesion, the clinical course and magnetic resonance imaging feature of the patients with SSDIs were different. |
### Instruction:
Does abciximab improve 6-month clinical outcome after rescue coronary angioplasty?
### Response:
| Treatment with abciximab during rescue PTCA positively affects clinical outcome at 6-month follow-up without increasing periprocedural bleeding. |
### Instruction:
Does soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor treatment affect raised transforming growth factor beta levels in rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| Etanercept treatment induces subtle changes in the cytokine network. Although the proinflammatory cytokine IL6 is down regulated, the persistence of high TGFbeta plasma levels indicates the existence of as yet unknown mechanisms for TGFbeta overexpression in RA. This may predispose to severe infections and can cause an... |
### Instruction:
Does bax expression decrease significantly from primary tumor to metastasis in colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| The association of Bax expression with tumor differentiation/histologic types and a decreased expression in the metastases, suggests that Bax expression may be involved in tumor differentiation/histologic types and metastatic progression. We also propose the novel notion that changed Bax expression in the metastases co... |
### Instruction:
Do rod outer segments mediate mitochondrial DNA damage and apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelium?
### Response:
| Exposure of ROS to ROS induced mtDNA damage and dysfunction and activated nDNA repair pathways, which did not prevent apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Does hypercholesterolemia induce leukocyte entrapment in the retinal microcirculation of rats?
### Response:
| Enhanced leukocyte entrapment in the retinal microcirculation was induced in the early stage of hypercholesterolemia. Entrapment was increased as the period of hypercholesterolemia was prolonged. Leukocyte accumulation in the retina may be an early vascular dysfunction leading to arteriosclerosis in hypercholesterolemi... |
### Instruction:
Are factor V Leiden and G20210A prothrombin mutations risk factors for very early recurrent miscarriage?
### Response:
| Early recurrent miscarriage before 10 weeks of pregnancy is significantly associated with Factor V or G20210A prothrombin mutations. These results indicate a possible role for anticoagulant prevention in these early miscarriages. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Epidermal growth factor stimulate tissue repair in skin through skin stem cell activation ]?
### Response:
| The results indicate that the possible mechanisms of skin regeneration stimulated by EGF comes from the mitogenic effects and differentiation of skin stem cells. |
### Instruction:
Is diet-related adaptation of the small intestine at weaning in pigs functional rather than structural?
### Response:
| These results indicate that switching from milk to cereals increased some mucosal enzyme activities, intestinal Na + -dependent glucose absorption, and response to secretagogues. This supports the hypothesis that dietary factors could initiate diarrhea in the presence of other aggravating factors, such as pathogens or ... |
### Instruction:
Is pROGINS receptor gene polymorphism associated with endometriosis?
### Response:
| PROGINS appears to be associated with endometriosis in white persons. |
### Instruction:
Does nitric oxide-mediated chondrocyte cell death require the generation of additional reactive oxygen species?
### Response:
| These results show that NO by itself is not cytotoxic to cultured chondrocytes and can even be protective under certain conditions of oxidative stress. Chondrocyte cell death from NO occurs under conditions where other ROS are also generated. |
### Instruction:
Does measurement of intraoperative parathyroid hormone predict long-term operative success?
### Response:
| The measurement of intraoperative PTH during surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism accurately differentiates between single- and multiple-gland disease and ensures good long-term results. |
### Instruction:
Does tetrahydrobiopterin restore endothelial function of coronary arteries in patients with hypercholesterolaemia?
### Response:
| Intracoronary infusion of BH4 restores coronary endothelial function by improving the bioavailability of endothelium derived nitric oxide in hypercholesterolaemic patients. |
### Instruction:
Is severity of HIV-associated neuropathy associated with plasma HIV-1 RNA levels?
### Response:
| There is an association between plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and the severity of pain and QST results in HIV-associated DSP. Further studies are needed to determine if aggressive use of antiretroviral drugs, including the use of dideoxynucleosides, may be of benefit to prevent or improve peripheral neuropathy. |
### Instruction:
Does hIV coinfection compromise liver histological response to interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C?
### Response:
| in HIV-HCV co-infected patients treated with IFN, liver histological improvement is frequently observed, similarly to that observed in HIV-negative patients. Such beneficial effect of interferon therapy supports early treatment of chronic hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients. |
### Instruction:
Does nitric oxide regulate matrix metalloprotease-13 expression and activity in endothelium?
### Response:
| NO transcriptionally regulates MMP expression and activity in the vascular endothelium. This effect of NO may be of pathophysiological importance in the context of angiogenesis, inflammation or atherogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Does cyclic AMP increase rat inhibitor of apoptosis protein ( RIAP1 ) mRNA in renal mesangial cells?
### Response:
| These data establish, to our knowledge for the first time, that RIAP1 mRNA levels are regulated by the cAMP-signaling pathway and suggest potential new avenues of therapy to modulate apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Are changes in integrin expression associated with altered homing properties of Lin ( -/lo ) Thy1.1 ( lo ) Sca-1 ( + ) c-kit ( + ) hematopoietic stem cells following mobilization by cyclophosphamide/granulocyte colony-stimulating factor?
### Response:
| Changes in integrin expression and function are associated with HSC mobilization and likely significantly affect the engraftment potential of hematopoietic stem cells. |
### Instruction:
Is reboxetine , a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor , an effective and well-tolerated treatment for panic disorder?
### Response:
| Reboxetine was effective and well tolerated in the treatment of panic disorder. |
### Instruction:
Do expression of hypoxia-inducible factors in human endometrium and suppression of matrix metalloproteinases under hypoxic conditions support a major role for hypoxia in regulating tissue breakdown at menstruation?
### Response:
| These results do not support a role for hypoxia in the focally increased production and activation of MMP observed prior to and during menstruation. |
### Instruction:
Does estrogen replacement reverse ovariectomy-induced vaginal hyperalgesia in the rat?
### Response:
| Ovariectomy in rats evokes a variable amount of vaginal hyperalgesia that can be alleviated by estrogen replacement in most cases. Thus, the ovariectomized rat appears to provide a useful model for the study of mechanisms underlying the dyspareunia that is associated with loss of ovarian function in women. |
### Instruction:
Are ifosfamide and etoposide superior to vincristine and melphalan for pediatric metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma when administered with irradiation and combination chemotherapy : a report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group?
### Response:
| Although the VM-containing regimen produced a high response rate, inclusion of melphalan appeared to limit the cyclophosphamide dose that could be administered, and ultimately, this regimen was associated with a significantly worse outcome than was the IE-containing regimen. Also, the IE-containing regimen was associat... |
### Instruction:
Do [ Effect of escharectomy during burn shock stage on stress response ]?
### Response:
| Escharectomy during burn shock stage could not aggravate stress response after burn. |
### Instruction:
Do comparative observation with MRI and pathology of brain edema at the early stage of severe burn?
### Response:
| The model of the brain edema after severe burn has the feature of both vasogenic edema and cytotoxic edema on the MRI and pathology. Positive MRI findings lagged behind that of the pathomorphological changes. |
### Instruction:
Does excess alcohol greatly increase the prevalence of cirrhosis in hereditary hemochromatosis?
### Response:
| Hemochromatosis subjects who drink more than 60 g alcohol per day are approximately 9 times more likely to develop cirrhosis than those who drink less than this amount, and the range of hepatic iron concentration associated with cirrhosis in the absence of cofactors was 233-675 micromol/g dry weight. |
### Instruction:
Does carbon dioxide affect rat colonic Na+ absorption by modulating vesicular traffic?
### Response:
| CO2 affects Na+ absorption in rat distal colon epithelium in part by modulating the movement of NHE3-containing vesicles to and from the apical membrane. |
### Instruction:
Does tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulate invasion of Src-activated intestinal cells?
### Response:
| These results indicate that Src kinase activation enhances the response of epithelial cells to TNF-alpha leading to increased invasion through mechanisms that involve production of reactive oxygen intermediates. |
### Instruction:
Is activation of c-MYC and c-MYB proto-oncogenes associated with decreased apoptosis in tumor colon progression?
### Response:
| These results indicate that failure of the normal apoptotic process together with de-regulation of c-myc and c-myb proto-oncogenes might promote the development of colorectal tumors. |
### Instruction:
Does functional reorganization of motor cortex increase with greater axonal injury from CADASIL?
### Response:
| The extent of functional reorganization of motor cortex increases with increasing axonal injury, consistent with an adaptive role for these changes. Increased functional recruitment of cortex ipsilateral to the limb moved therefore may contribute to limiting motor impairment from the subcortical injury of CADASIL. |
### Instruction:
Is postoperative hyperthermia associated with cognitive dysfunction after coronary artery bypass graft surgery?
### Response:
| This is the first report relating postoperative hyperthermia to cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery. Whether the hyperthermia caused the worsened outcome or whether processes that resulted in the worsened cognitive outcome also produced hyperthermia requires further investigation. In addition, interventions to ... |
### Instruction:
Does preimplantation exposure to high insulin-like growth factor I concentrations result in increased resorption rates in vivo?
### Response:
| High preimplantation IGF-I concentrations in vitro or in vivo lead to increased resorption rates in the mouse. |
### Instruction:
Is in vitro susceptibility to thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein associated with reduced disease progression and complication rates in experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis : microbiological , histopathologic , and echocardiographic analyses?
### Response:
| The in vitro tPMP-susceptibility profile in S aureus substantially affects a number of well-defined cardiac and microbiological parameters related to disease severity and prognosis in IE. These findings underscore the likelihood that platelets mitigate the pathogenesis of endovascular infections via local secretion of ... |
### Instruction:
Is treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children associated with a sustained effect on growth?
### Response:
| HAART has a positive influence effect on the growth of HIV-1-infected children. This effect is sustained for at least 96 weeks. Height and weight are favorably influenced in children in whom HAART leads to a reduction of the viral load of at least 1.5 log or to <500 copies/mL and to an increase in the CD4+ T-cell z sco... |
### Instruction:
Does disruption of hedgehog signaling reveal a novel role in intestinal morphogenesis and intestinal-specific lipid metabolism in mice?
### Response:
| Abnormal villus structure, lipid-filled enterocytes, and fatty stools in anti-hh monoclonal antibody-treated mice indicate a novel role for hh signaling in intestinal morphogenesis and lipid transport in postnatal mice. |
### Instruction:
Is the primary visual pathway in humans regulated according to long-term light exposure through the action of a nonclassical photopigment?
### Response:
| A photopigment with a spectral sensitivity profile quite different from those of the classical rod and cone opsins but matching the standard profile of an opsin:vitamin A-based pigment drives adaptations of the human primary cone visual pathway according to time of day. |
### Instruction:
Does hypertension exacerbate coronary artery disease in transgenic hyperlipidemic Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats?
### Response:
| End stage coronary lesions in the Tg53 rats recapitulate many, albeit not all, features of "culprit plaques" in humans supporting proposed paradigms of plaque vulnerability implicating lesion macrophage enrichment, apoptosis, matrix degradation and pathological neovascularization. Comparative time course analysis of co... |
### Instruction:
Do rho family GTPases regulate mammary epithelium cell growth and metastasis through distinguishable pathways?
### Response:
| These studies demonstrate for the first time a critical role for the Rho GTPases involving independent signaling pathways to limit mammary tumor cellular growth and metastasis in vivo. |
### Instruction:
Does acute alcohol intoxication suppress the CXC chemokine response during endotoxemia?
### Response:
| These results show that alcohol suppresses the systemic CXC chemokine response to LPS, which is not primarily mediated by ethanol-induced suppression of TNFalpha. This disruption of host-defense function may serve as one mechanism underlying the increased risk of infectious diseases in hosts who abuse alcohol. |
### Instruction:
Does alcohol consumption attenuate febrile responses to lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-1 beta in male rats?
### Response:
| The attenuated LPS- and IL-1beta-induced febrile responses in EtOH-consuming rats and the corresponding deficit in hypothalamic production of IL-1beta suggest that alcohol may impair IL-1beta-mediated neuroimmune communication. |
### Instruction:
Are first-degree relatives frequently affected in coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis?
### Response:
| The present long-term follow-up study of coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis shows that every fifth patient can have affected first-degree relatives, and that the prevalence among relatives is 5.5%. Dermatitis herpetiformis segregates also in the families of patients with coeliac disease, and vice versa, indic... |
### Instruction:
Does activation of nuclear factor-kappa B significantly contribute to lumen loss in a rabbit iliac artery balloon angioplasty model?
### Response:
| From these data, we conclude that balloon angioplasty-induced activation of NF-kappaB contributes to lumen loss likely via induction of an inflammatory response and a decrease in the rate of apoptosis. These data show for the first time that inflammation mediated by NF-kappaB is involved in postangioplasty lumen narrow... |
### Instruction:
Do intrathecal carbachol and clonidine produce a synergistic antiallodynic effect in rats with a nerve ligation injury?
### Response:
| This study indicates that carbachol, like clonidine, provides a moderate antagonism on touch-evoked allodynia at the spinal level. The results suggest that intrathecally administered carbachol is synergistic when combined with clonidine. |
### Instruction:
Does selective inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase enhance intraglomerular coagulation in chronic anti-Thy 1 nephritis?
### Response:
| Selective inhibition of iNOS aggravated albuminuria in chronic aThy 1-GN in LEW/Maa rats. Induction of iNOS during the inflammatory phase of this model may be a partially protective mechanism by interfering with intraglomerular coagulation processes. |
### Instruction:
Does inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase reduce renal ischemia/reperfusion injury?
### Response:
| These results suggest that L-NIL and AE-ITU reduce the renal dysfunction and injury associated with I/R of the kidney, via inhibition of iNOS activity and subsequent reduction of NO (and peroxynitrite) generation. We propose that selective and specific inhibitors of iNOS activity may be useful against the NO-mediated r... |
### Instruction:
Does gene transfer of Smad7 using electroporation of adenovirus prevent renal fibrosis in post-obstructed kidney?
### Response:
| These data indicate that gene transfer of Smad7 prevents UUO-induced renal fibrosis, suggesting that Smad7 may be applicable for the treatment of renal fibrosis. In vivo electroporation of adenovirus may be a powerful tool for gene delivery in renal tissue. |
### Instruction:
Do early IL-6 plasma concentrations correlate with severity of brain injury and pneumonia in brain-injured patients?
### Response:
| The IL-6 plasma level 1 day after the acute event with a cut-off of 100 pg/mL (Immulite) seems to be a predictor for short-term prognosis and infectious complications in brain-injured patients. |
### Instruction:
Do evaluation of triceps surae muscle length and resistance to passive lengthening in patients with acquired brain injury?
### Response:
| The reduction in soleus muscle length evident in subjects with recent acquired brain injury, even in neurologically unaffected limbs, may reflect the influence of relative immobility. Although plantarflexor muscle overactivity was found to be associated with increased resistance to slow passive stretch, the mechanism w... |
### Instruction:
Does neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibition decrease cocaine self-administration behavior in rats?
### Response:
| By selectively reducing drug-seeking behavior, these data suggest that 7-NI may enhance the reinforcing effects of cocaine. |
### Instruction:
Does aspirin differentially regulate endotoxin-induced IL-12 and TNF-alpha production in human dendritic cells?
### Response:
| The various effects of aspirin on LPS-stimulated DC may influence the understanding of the diverse immunomodulatory mechanisms of this anti-inflammatory drug. |
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