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### Instruction:
Is peptic ulcers in the elderly a surgical disease?
### Response:
| Elderly patients in the 1990s comprise the majority of cases presenting in a more unstable condition as compared with patients <60 years old, but show similar rates of morbidity and mortality. Elderly patients undergoing surgery for PUD have shown an increase in use of NSAIDs over the last 15 years. The types of proced... |
### Instruction:
Are ki-67 expression and residual tumour ( R ) classification associated with disease-free survival in desmoid tumour patients?
### Response:
| Ki-67 seems to serve as a predictive marker concerning disease-free survival of desmoid tumour patients. In patients presenting with Ki-67 positive desmoids, which are unlikely to be resected in a curative manner, alternative treatment (e.g. sulindac) may be preferable. |
### Instruction:
Does snap-II predict severe intraventricular hemorrhage and chronic lung disease in the neonatal intensive care unit?
### Response:
| Addition of SNAP-II to models using GA and traditional risk factors significantly improves prediction of severe IVH and CLD. |
### Instruction:
Is the BTA stat test nonspecific for hematuria : an experimental hematuria model?
### Response:
| The results of the BTA stat test in the presence of microscopic hematuria must be interpreted in regard to the degree of hematuria. The test is not reliable in urine samples with gross hematuria due to a high false-positive rate. |
### Instruction:
Is routine postoperative intensive care monitoring necessary after radical cystectomy?
### Response:
| Our clinical care pathway outlines postoperative care on the regular urology floor for patients who undergo radical cystectomy. This policy has been safe and efficacious. We believe that admission to the intensive care unit should only be done in select cases. |
### Instruction:
Is a standard definition of disease freedom needed for prostate cancer : undetectable prostate specific antigen compared with the American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology consensus definition?
### Response:
| The definition of freedom from prostate cancer significantly affects treatment results. A standard definition is needed and a PSA cutoff of 0.2 ng./ml. is suggested as the standard for all curative treatments for localized prostate cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is helicobacter pylori infection associated with a decreased risk of developing oesophageal neoplasms?
### Response:
| Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with a decreased risk of developing an oesophageal malignancy. Current smokers and ex-smokers have instead a definite increased risk of oesophageal neoplasms. |
### Instruction:
Does cilnidipine improve spontaneously hypertensive rat coronary hemodynamics without altering cardiovascular mass and collagen?
### Response:
| These data suggest that cilnidipine, an L- and N- type calcium channel antagonist, exerted beneficial effects on coronary hemodynamics without altering cardiovascular mass or collagen content in SHR. |
### Instruction:
Is postprandial thermogenesis increased 100 % on a high-protein , low-fat diet versus a high-carbohydrate , low-fat diet in healthy , young women?
### Response:
| These data indicate an added energy-cost associated with high-protein, low-fat diets and may help explain the efficacy of such diets for weight loss. |
### Instruction:
Does lecithinized superoxide dismutase reduce cold ischemia-induced chronic allograft dysfunction?
### Response:
| These results demonstrate that ischemia/reperfusion injury, apoptotic cell death and allo-immune responses may be exacerbated by cold ischemia and accelerate the development of CAF. Preservation with lec-SOD may protect against the early damage induced by cold ischemia and reperfusion injury. |
### Instruction:
Are susceptibility for and clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis associated with polymorphisms of the TNF-alpha , IL-1beta , and IL-1Ra genes?
### Response:
| The Al allele of TNF-alpha associates with RA. Genotypes A1A2 of TNF-alpha and A2A2 of IL-1beta are associated with more severe disease. The allelic combination A1IL-1beta/A2 IL-1Ra is less often present in RA patients who developed cardiovascular complications. |
### Instruction:
Is cD4 coating , but not CD4 depletion , a predictor of efficacy with primatized monoclonal anti-CD4 treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis?
### Response:
| Coating of peripheral blood CD4+ T cells with keliximab, but not CD4 depletion, is a determinant of clinical response. |
### Instruction:
Is wasp venom appropriate for immunotherapy of patients with allergic reaction to the European hornet sting?
### Response:
| In Slovenia, the vast majority of patients with anaphylactic reaction to Vespa crabro sting seem to be sensitized to Vespula germanica venom. We consider wasp venom an appropriate immunotherapeutic agent for such patients, except for those with proven primary sensitization to specific epitopes of Vespa crabro venom. Fl... |
### Instruction:
Does right and left prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation at 1 Hz affect mood in healthy volunteers?
### Response:
| Apart from the unexpected and so far unreplicated effect on mean arterial pressure, there were no side-specific effects on mood in volunteers. It is unlikely that a simple laterality model of mood together with the assumed activating effect of higher and 'quenching' effect of lower stimulation frequency can account for... |
### Instruction:
Do [ Clinical applications of variform free flaps of the scapular region for cervical burn contracture ]?
### Response:
| The free flaps of scapular region could be designed in different based on the three cutaneous branches of the CSA. More diverse designs can be expected since the report of the inflamammary branches of the CSA recently. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Circulating recipient cells contribute to graft coronary arteriosclerosis ]?
### Response:
| Blood cells include progenitors of smooth muscle cells, which attach to the graft endothelia, differentiate into smooth muscle cells and proliferate, thus contributing to neointima formation. Our findings suggest a new therapeutic strategy that involves targeting of homing, differentiation and proliferation of putative... |
### Instruction:
Do central venous and bladder pressure reflect transdiaphragmatic pressure during pressure support ventilation?
### Response:
| Although absolute values for the Delta Pcvp during mechanical ventilation do not always reflect the Delta Pes, useful information can be obtained from this route. In individual patients, the two sites of measurement followed each other when IPS was changed, enabling a bedside assessment of the response to reducing resp... |
### Instruction:
Does interaction between smoking and the Sstl polymorphism of the apo C-III gene determine plasma lipid response to diet?
### Response:
| Smoking interacts with the apo CM polymorphism and determines the level of lipid response to dietary changes. |
### Instruction:
Is increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor survival in cervical cancer patients?
### Response:
| The assessment of COX-2 status could provide additional information to identify patients with cervical cancer with a poor chance of response to neoadjuvant treatment and unfavorable prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Does inflammatory stromal reaction correlate with lymphatic microvessel density in early-stage cervival cancer?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that ISR might play a role in the induction of lymphangiogenesis in early stage cervical cancer. |
### Instruction:
Is paratracheal lymph node metastasis associated with cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| The paratracheal lymph node is most associated with (CLNM) of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Does subareolar injection of 99mTc facilitate sentinel lymph node identification?
### Response:
| Subareolar injection of technetium can improve SLN identification rates for breast cancer. The simplicity and accuracy of this technique may also reduce the variable results reported with the standard intraparenchymal method. |
### Instruction:
Does sentinel node mapping identify vaccine-draining lymph nodes with tumor-specific immunological activity?
### Response:
| We have shown that IB identifies immunologically active DLNs, does not interfere with expansion of lymphocytes in vitro, and, more importantly, has no detrimental effect on the ability of lymphocytes to induce tumor regression in vivo. For axillary DLNs, use of IB mapping identified immunologically active lymph nodes t... |
### Instruction:
Are central nervous system side effects less important after iv regional anesthesia with ropivacaine 0.2 % compared to lidocaine 0.5 % in volunteers?
### Response:
| We observed a lower incidence of CNS side effects with ropivacaine as compared to lidocaine. Although ropivacaine's greater lipid solubility should, theoretically, lead to more CNS side effects, this was, likely, offset by slower release from tissues and lesser percentage of unbound (free) drug. |
### Instruction:
Does the addition of tramadol to lidocaine reduce tourniquet and postoperative pain during iv regional anesthesia?
### Response:
| We conclude, therefore, that for carpal tunnel operation under iv regional anesthesia, the combination of tramadol and lidocaine is not more effective than lidocaine alone. |
### Instruction:
Does use of a double epidural catheter provide effective postoperative analgesia after spine deformity surgery?
### Response:
| Postoperative epidural analgesia by means of a double catheter is an effective technique to control pain after spine deformity surgery and is associated with a low incidence of side-effects. |
### Instruction:
Does intermittent pneumatic compression prevent venous stasis in the lower extremities in the lithotomy position?
### Response:
| Both rapid and standard IPC devices are useful for maintaining venous flow of the lower extremities in the lithotomy position. |
### Instruction:
Does intraosseous lidocaine provide effective analgesia for percutaneous vertebroplasty of osteoporotic fractures?
### Response:
| IL is as effective as the association of iv NP for analgesia in PV. However, considering that both protocols were insufficient in about 15% of cases, other modalities are needed to further improve analgesia and avoid general anesthesia during vertebroplasty. |
### Instruction:
Is percent free prostate specific antigen an independent predictor of organ confinement or prostate specific antigen recurrence in unscreened patients with localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy?
### Response:
| Percent free PSA has no independent, statistically significant association with organ confined status or posttreatment PSA outcome in unscreened patients who undergo radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. |
### Instruction:
Are transgenic mice overexpressing human Bcl-2 resistant to hepatic ischemia and reperfusion?
### Response:
| Bcl-2 overexpression protects against ischemic injury by inhibiting apoptosis. Extensive overproduction of Bcl-2 is associated with a compensatory increase of baseline levels of cytoplasmic cytochrome c and caspase 3, and a deletion of Bcl-x(L). |
### Instruction:
Does oncostatin M stimulate tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 via a MEK-sensitive mechanism in human myofibroblasts?
### Response:
| OSM stimulates the TIMP-1 axis in hMFBs in vitro via a MEK-MAP kinase cascade. |
### Instruction:
Does acute formoterol administration have no ergogenic effect in nonasthmatic athletes?
### Response:
| Formoterol, administered in one aerosolized therapeutic dose, does not have an ergogenic effect in elite athletes without asthma. |
### Instruction:
Are prophylactic antibiotics indicated in clean general surgery cases?
### Response:
| No statistically significant decrease in infection rate was demonstrated by us using prophylactic antibiotics, regardless of the NNIS classification in clean general surgery cases. |
### Instruction:
Is gastric pacing a new surgical treatment for gastroparesis?
### Response:
| After placement of the gastric pacemaker, patients rated significantly fewer symptoms and had a modest acceleration of gastric emptying. |
### Instruction:
Is aminopeptidase N involved in cell motility and angiogenesis : its clinical significance in human colon cancer?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that APN/CD13 is involved in cell motility and angiogenesis, and APN/CD13 expression may be a useful indicator of a poor prognosis for node-positive patients with colon cancer. |
### Instruction:
Do ca2+ waves require sequential activation of inositol trisphosphate receptors and ryanodine receptors in pancreatic acini?
### Response:
| Polarized Ca(i)2+ waves are induced in acinar cells by serial activation of apical InsP3Rs and then basolateral RyRs, and subcellular release of Ca2+ coordinates the actions of these 2 types of Ca2+ channels. This subcellular integration of Ca2+-release channels shows a new level of complexity in the formation of Ca(i)... |
### Instruction:
Does cardiac sympathetic denervation modulate the sympathoexcitatory response to acute myocardial ischemia?
### Response:
| These findings suggest that if the provoked ischemia is not severe, cardiac sympathetic denervation could prevent ischemia-induced sympathoexcitation. |
### Instruction:
Does strain rate measurement by doppler echocardiography allow improved assessment of myocardial viability inpatients with depressed left ventricular function?
### Response:
| The increase in the peak systolic strain rate during low-dose dobutamine stimulation allows accurate discrimination between different myocardial viability states. Strain rate imaging is superior to two-dimensional DSE and tissue Doppler imaging for the assessment of myocardial viability. |
### Instruction:
Does a thoracostomy tube guideline improve management efficiency in trauma patients?
### Response:
| Implementation of a thoracostomy tube practice guideline was associated with improved management efficiency in trauma patients. |
### Instruction:
Do fracture locations influence the likelihood of rectal and lower urinary tract injuries in patients sustaining pelvic fractures?
### Response:
| Certain fracture locations are associated with increased risk for rectal, bladder, or urethral injury. Fractures involving these locations should prompt further work-up for assessment. |
### Instruction:
Do biodegradable polyglycolide endovascular coils promote wall thickening and drug delivery in a rat aneurysm model?
### Response:
| In this feasibility study, BPCs enhanced the vascular response of CCA segments, compared with GDCs, and were also suitable for local protein delivery to the vessel lumen, under conditions of stasis and arterial pressurization of vascular cells. |
### Instruction:
Does the novel 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor ABT-761 attenuate cerebral vasospasm in a rabbit model of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
### Response:
| The results demonstrated that ABT-761 is effective in attenuating experimental cerebral vasospasm, indicating that this new drug represents a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of vasospasm after SAH. |
### Instruction:
Is ophthalmic artery flow direction on color flow duplex imaging highly specific for severe carotid stenosis?
### Response:
| OA flow direction is easily studied with CDUS. Reversed OA flow direction is highly specific (100%) for severe ipsilateral ICA stenosis or occlusion, with excellent positive predictive value, moderate negative predictive value, and limited sensitivity. OA flow reversal is not only quite specific for severe ICA disease,... |
### Instruction:
Do protein content and biophysical properties of tracheal aspirates form neonates with respiratory failure?
### Response:
| These results suggest in larger newborns a secondary surfactant deficiency due to protein-leakage to play an important role in the pathogenesis of respiratory failure. The increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability might be caused by inflammatory ARDS-like mechanisms. |
### Instruction:
Is cpG island methylation of the hTERT promoter associated with lower telomerase activity in B-cell lymphocytic leukemia?
### Response:
| Our data show that the degree of CpG island methylation of the hTERT promoter exhibits an impact on telomerase activity in a subgroup of patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and therefore is assumed to play a role in regulating hTERT gene expression in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Is heparanase expression in human leukemias restricted to acute myeloid leukemias?
### Response:
| We propose that heparanase expression is associated with the myeloid lineage and may serve as an independent marker to support the identification of AMLs. |
### Instruction:
Does motor performance deteriorate with simultaneously performed cognitive tasks in geriatric patients?
### Response:
| In frail or cognitively impaired geriatric patients, additional tasks can substantially decrease maximal motor performance. Insufficient resources on dual tasking may thus be a link in connecting the high incidence of falls with frailty and cognitive impairment in geriatric patients with a history of injurious falls. |
### Instruction:
Do experimental ulcers alter voltage-sensitive sodium currents in rat gastric sensory neurons?
### Response:
| Gastric injury alters the properties of Na+ currents in gastric sensory neurons. This may enhance excitability, thereby contributing to the development of dyspeptic symptoms. |
### Instruction:
Does short-term exposure to alcohol increase the permeability of human oral mucosa?
### Response:
| These results suggest that short-term exposure to ethanol may act as a permeability enhancer, possibly by causing molecular rearrangement of the permeability barrier, not as a result of lipid extraction. |
### Instruction:
Does anterior cervical plating enhance arthrodesis after discectomy and fusion with cortical allograft?
### Response:
| The use of anterior cervical plating after one- and two-level ACDF with allograft cortical bone significantly enhanced arthrodesis. The improved fusion rate and negligible complication rate associated with anterior cervical plating are compelling factors justifying its use in the treatment of cervical spondylosis. |
### Instruction:
Is subclinical protein malnutrition a determinant of hyperhomocysteinemia?
### Response:
| Hyperhomocysteinemia may arise from the shrinking of endogenous nitrogen pools as a result of decreased protein intake or stress-induced increased losses. Raised total homocysteine may result from the attempt of the malnourished and/or stressed body to preserve methionine homeostasis. |
### Instruction:
Do early childhood diarrhoea and helminthiases associate with long-term linear growth faltering?
### Response:
| Early childhood diarrhoea and helminthiases independently associate with substantial linear growth shortfalls that continue beyond age 6 years. Targeted interventions for their control may have profound and lasting growth benefits for children in similar settings. |
### Instruction:
Does moexipril show a long duration of action related to an extended pharmacokinetic half-life and prolonged ACE inhibition?
### Response:
| Moexiprilat showed an extended duration of action owing to a long terminal pharmacokinetic half-life and produced a persistent ACE inhibition. Although the pharmacokinetics were partly influenced by food intake, ACE inhibition was not affected. This might be explained by a second compartment directly related to the ACE... |
### Instruction:
Are iron and zinc status of patients with chronic renal failure who on dialysis?
### Response:
| These results show that absolute iron deficiency can occur in patients who are not receiving dialysis and that there is an abnormal distribution of zinc levels in these patients. Moreover, a possible relationship between iron deficiency and zinc distribution was observed. |
### Instruction:
Do an estimate of the economic effects of cattle tick ( Boophilus microplus ) infestation on Queensland dairy farms?
### Response:
| Cattle tick infestation represents a significant impost on dairy producers in Queensland, and although the actual cost will change as deregulation results in economic changes in the industry, infestations of ticks will continue to be expensive to control. |
### Instruction:
Does b-type natriuretic peptide predict future cardiac events in patients presenting to the emergency department with dyspnea?
### Response:
| In this study population, BNP levels measured in patients presenting with dyspnea to the ED are highly predictive of cardiac events over the next 6 months. |
### Instruction:
Does the African-specific CYP2D617 allele encode an enzyme with changed substrate specificity?
### Response:
| We found differences in the disposition of 4 CYP2D6 probe drugs in black Tanzanians compared with Swedes. The differences were caused by the presence of CYP2D6.17 and CYP2D6.29. The results show that CYP2D6.17 exhibits altered substrate specificity compared with CYP2D6.1 and CYP2D6.2. |
### Instruction:
Is physician specialty associated with differences in the evaluation and management of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis?
### Response:
| Otolaryngologists use more health care resources to diagnose and treat ABRS than primary care physicians despite an absence of evidence that such tests and treatments lead to better outcomes. Otolaryngologists typically treat a patient population with a higher prevalence of ABRS and frequently see referred patients wit... |
### Instruction:
Does caudal anesthesia reduce the minimum alveolar concentration of enflurane for laryngeal mask airway removal in boys?
### Response:
| In conclusion, caudal analgesia significantly reduced the LMA MACex of enflurane by approximately 29%. Possible mechanisms may be related to the analgesic effect of caudal blockade or to the sedative properties of neuraxial anesthesia. |
### Instruction:
Do effect of extensive excision of burn wound with invasive infection on hypermetabolism in burn patients with sepsis?
### Response:
| It seemed that the extensive excision of invasively infected burn wound in patients with major burn should be performed as early as possible to reduce an increased release of inflammatory mediators and to control the hypermetabolic response during sepsis. |
### Instruction:
Does flow dynamics in internal thoracic artery graft 10 years after coronary artery bypass grafting?
### Response:
| Although the internal thoracic artery is systolic predominant, when native artery is used as graft, it changes its hemodynamics to diastolic predominance, especially at the distal end. Even after 10 years, graft flow dynamics are unchanged. This hemodynamic character may be one of the factors related to the superior lo... |
### Instruction:
Is acute myocardial infarction associated with increased susceptibility of serum lipids to copper-induced peroxidation in vitro?
### Response:
| Acute MI is associated with an increased susceptibility of serum lipids to oxidation in vitro. This propensity for oxidation may reflect enhanced in vivo formation of free radicals and/or reduced efficiency of defense mechanisms. Both these possibilities may carry detrimental effects on the course, complications, and p... |
### Instruction:
Do inhibiting effect of antisense oligonucleotides phosphorthioate on gene expression of TIMP-1 in rat liver fibrosis?
### Response:
| The experimental rat model of hepatic fibrosis is one of the preferable models to estimate the curative effect of anti-hepatic fibrosis drugs. The asON phosphorthioate of TIMP-1 could block the gene and protein expression of TIMP-1 in the liver of experimental hepatic fibrosis rats at the mRNA level. It is possible to ... |
### Instruction:
Is expression of nitrotyrosine associated with angiogenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?
### Response:
| Our data suggest that NO induces progression of esophageal carcinoma through its effect on angiogenesis, rather than its effect on tumor apoptosis. |
### Instruction:
Does heat shock protein 70 ( HSP70 ) prevent the inhibition of cell growth in DU-145 cells treated with TGF-beta1?
### Response:
| These data suggest that HSP70 does not prevent the inhibition of cell growth in DU-145 cells treated with TGF-beta1. |
### Instruction:
Is brachial endothelial function impaired in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus?
### Response:
| This is the first study using brachial artery ultrasound imaging to evaluate endothelium function in SLE. Patients with SLE presented lower flow mediated dilation (endothelium dependent dilation) than sex and age-matched controls, even in patients without traditional cardiovascular risk factors and this may represent a... |
### Instruction:
Does n-acetylcysteine augment adenovirus-mediated gene expression in human endothelial cells by enhancing transgene transcription and virus entry?
### Response:
| Pretreatment with NAC prior to Ad infection enhances virus entry, while treatment with NAC post-infection increases transgene transcription. This strategy permits the use of lower adenoviral loads and thus might be helpful for gene therapy of vascular diseases. |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin-17 stimulate chemokine ( interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ) secretion in human pancreatic periacinar myofibroblasts?
### Response:
| In conclusion, it becomes clear that IL-17 is an inducer of IL-8 and MCP-1 secretion in human pancreatic periacinar myofibroblasts. The combination of IL-17 with IFN-gamma further enhances chemokine secretion. These findings indicate a linkage between T-cell-mediated immunity and inflammatory responses in the pancreas. |
### Instruction:
Are invasive urodynamic studies well tolerated by the patients and associated with a low risk of urinary tract infection?
### Response:
| PQS is well accepted by the patients and the regular use of propylactic antibiotics is not indicated. We recommend, though, that patients at risk for serious complications from infections (e.g. those with prosthetic heart valves) should receive prophylactic antibiotics. |
### Instruction:
Do aTM mutations in female breast cancer patients predict for an increase in radiation-induced late effects?
### Response:
| Possession of an ATM mutation, particularly when 2 are present, may be predictive of an increase in subcutaneous late tissue effects after RT for breast cancer and may subsequently prove to be a relative contraindication to standard management. These patients may be better served with reduced doses of radiation. Equiva... |
### Instruction:
Does physical training modulate proinflammatory cytokines and the soluble Fas/soluble Fas ligand system in patients with chronic heart failure?
### Response:
| Physical training reduces plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and the sFas/sFasL system in patients with CHF. These immunomodulatory effects may be related to the training-induced improvement in functional status of patients with CHF. |
### Instruction:
Does cross-talk between nitric oxide and superoxide determine ceramide formation and apoptosis in glomerular cells?
### Response:
| These data suggest that ceramide represents an important mediator of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species-triggered cell responses, like apoptosis. There seem to be cell type-specific protective mechanisms that critically depend on a fine-tuned redox balance between reactive nitrogen and oxygen species to determine whe... |
### Instruction:
Are typical symptoms predictive of acute coronary syndromes in women?
### Response:
| Typical symptoms are the strongest symptom predictors of ACS in women, and they are as important in women as in men. Clinicians need to take very seriously any woman who has typical symptoms and pursue a full cardiac work-up. |
### Instruction:
Does polyethylene glycol rapidly restore physiological functions in damaged sciatic nerves of guinea pigs?
### Response:
| We conclude that these preliminary data suggest that PEG application may be a way to interfere with the steady dissolution of peripheral nerve fibers after mechanical damage and to even functionally fuse or reconnect severed proximal and distal segments. |
### Instruction:
Does low frequency of bacteraemia during eye surgery obviate the need for endocarditis prophylaxis?
### Response:
| Ophthalmic surgery is not associated with significant bacteraemia, and therefore does not mandate routine antibiotic cover in patients at risk for bacterial endocarditis. Stringent pre-operative preparation of the surgical site may suffice to minimise bacteraemia; however, this requires further study. |
### Instruction:
Are levels of soluble adhesion molecules elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with moyamoya syndrome?
### Response:
| Our study demonstrates increased CSF levels of soluble endothelial adhesion molecules, suggesting that children with moyamoya syndrome have ongoing central nervous system inflammation, with slight impairment of the blood-brain barrier. These soluble adhesion molecules may be clinically useful as indicators of this infl... |
### Instruction:
Is intake of saccharin , salt , and ethanol solutions increased by infusion of a mu opioid agonist into the nucleus accumbens?
### Response:
| These results provide evidence to suggest that the mu opioid system within the ventral striatum regulates ingestive behavior via a mechanism related to the hedonic assessment of taste. In addition, the nucleus accumbens may be a key brain area where ethanol interacts with endogenous opioid systems, and thus may be a co... |
### Instruction:
Does sensitivity of a disc rupture strength test to air bubble pore in phosphate-bonded investment materials at elevated temperatures?
### Response:
| The modified disc rupture test is sufficiently sensitive to identify variations in strength of phosphate bonded investment materials caused by differing pore size distributions. |
### Instruction:
Does intraventricular infusion of vascular endothelial growth factor promote cerebral angiogenesis with minimal brain edema?
### Response:
| Chronic intraventricular infusions of VEGF(165) increased vascular density in a dose-dependent manner. There seems to be a therapeutic window, because infusion of VEGF(165) at a concentration of 5 microg/ml resulted in a significant increase in vessel density with minimal associated brain edema and no ventriculomegaly. |
### Instruction:
Does provision of phosphorylatable substrate during hypoxia decrease jejunal barrier function?
### Response:
| These initial results suggest that the provision of lumenal nutrients exacerbates the loss of gastrointestinal barrier function during hypoxia. Although the early provision of nutrients is an important intervention in acutely injured patients, care must be taken to ensure that gastrointestinal perfusion is adequate to ... |
### Instruction:
Does conversion from cyclosporine to azathioprine at three months reduce the incidence of chronic allograft nephropathy?
### Response:
| Conversion to a calcineurin inhibitor-free immunosuppressive regiment three months after renal transplantation improved allograft function, reduced the need of cardiovascular risk factor-controlling medication, and reduced the incidence of chronic allograft nephropathy. |
### Instruction:
Is expression of TGF-beta-induced matrix protein betaig-h3 up-regulated in the diabetic rat kidney and human proximal tubular epithelial cells treated with high glucose?
### Response:
| betaig-h3 may be important in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, the level of urinary betaig-h3 may be useful as an early marker reflecting disease onset and progression. |
### Instruction:
Is surgical treatment of severe acute pancreatitis : timing of operation crucial for survival?
### Response:
| Patients who were operated later than three weeks after onset of disease had a significantly better outcome. In patients suffering from SAP who required surgical treatment, the timing of operation is crucial for survival. |
### Instruction:
Does noninvasive ventilation during exercise training improve exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
### Response:
| In this pilot study, exercise training with noninvasive ventilation support was well tolerated and yielded further improvement in the increased exercise tolerance brought about by pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This improved exercise tolerance is partly explained by a b... |
### Instruction:
Does splenectomy reduce remote organ damage after intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury?
### Response:
| Splenectomy attenuated degenerative findings encountered in lung, liver, and kidney ultrastructure after IIR. Splenectomy also significantly decreased serum levels of MDA. The possible role of splenectomy is to reduce the MFS cells, which play an important role in the remote organ injury after intestinal reperfusion da... |
### Instruction:
Does development of respiratory syncytial virus `` bronchiolitis '' in guinea pigs reflect an allergic predisposition in the host?
### Response:
| Strain 13 guinea pigs show increased pulmonary RSV replication than strain 2 animals, but this increased permissiveness to the virus is not reflected by more severe virus-induced changes in airway obstruction, nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, or gene expression of proinflammatory cytokine... |
### Instruction:
Does [ Electroacupuncture suppress morphine -- induced conditioned place preference ( CPP ) in rats ]?
### Response:
| Morphine-induced CPP paradigms were stably established in rats using a computer-controlled 3-chamber CPP experimental system. The expression of CPP could be significantly inhibited by multiple treatments with EA of either 2 Hz or 100 Hz. |
### Instruction:
Does shortening of the patellar tendon length influence the patellofemoral alignment in a cadaveric model?
### Response:
| Although anterior cruciate ligament-reconstruction using the patellar tendon has become a standard procedure, postoperative problems such as anterior knee pain, and patellofemoral osteoarthritis occur quite often. In this cadaver study we did not find a significant difference for the patellofemoral alignment, irrespect... |
### Instruction:
Does [ Isobutyramide activate transcription of human fetal gamma-globin gene selectively ]?
### Response:
| Isobutyramide can effectively and selectively activate transcription of the human gamma-globin gene at a certain degree. This function, together with the advantages of nontoxic and long halflife makes isobutyramide a promising application in the treatment of beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia. |
### Instruction:
Are 99MTC [ 13LEU ] bombesin and a new gamma camera , the imaging probe , able to guide mammotome breast biopsy?
### Response:
| 99mTc BN confirms its high sensitivity in detecting breast cancer. IP is able to drive or co-drive breast biopsy when used with appropriate radiopharmaceuticals. |
### Instruction:
Are aRF1 and ARF6 dispensable for Crk-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal-like transitions?
### Response:
| We propose that Crk adapter proteins may act downstream of ARF1 and ARF6 to promote cell spreading or rely on different pathways to enhance cell spreading. |
### Instruction:
Does arterial blood gas result rarely influence emergency physician management of patients with suspected diabetic ketoacidosis?
### Response:
| ABG results rarely influenced emergency physicians' decisions on diagnosis, treatment, or disposition in suspected DKA patients. Venous pH correlated well and was precise enough with arterial pH to serve as a substitute. |
### Instruction:
Is dance of live adult filarial worms a reliable sign of scrotal filarial infection?
### Response:
| High-resolution ultrasonography is a useful technique for diagnosing scrotal filariasis in symptomatic patients and is very useful in the follow-up period for assessing the response of worms to treatment. |
### Instruction:
Does platelet-rich plasma-derived fibrin clot formation stimulate collagen synthesis in periodontal ligament and osteoblastic cells in vitro?
### Response:
| These findings demonstrated that the gel-like material formed in cell cultures of either PDL or MG63 cells is fibrin clot that is capable of up-regulating collagen synthesis in the extracellular matrix. Our data suggest the possibility that fibrinogen, converted to fibrin, in combination with growth factors present in ... |
### Instruction:
Does pEEP decrease atelectasis and extravascular lung water but not lung tissue volume in surfactant-washout lung injury?
### Response:
| The main findings are as follows: (a) PEEP effectively decreases EVLW. (b) The decrease in EVLW is closely correlated with the PEEP-induced decrease in nonaerated lung volume, making EVLW a valuable bedside parameter indicating alveolar recruitment, similar to measurements of transpulmonary shunt. (c) As excess tissue ... |
### Instruction:
Does helium-oxygen reduce work of breathing in mechanically ventilated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
### Response:
| Helium-oxygen mixture decreases WOB in mechanically ventilated COPD patients. Helium-oxygen mixture could be useful to reduce the burden of ventilation. |
### Instruction:
Is late-life depression associated with arterial stiffness : a population-based study?
### Response:
| This study shows an association between arterial stiffness and depression in the elderly. The findings are compatible with the vascular depression hypothesis. These data suggest that arterial stiffness may partly cause the proposed relationship between vascular factors and depression. |
### Instruction:
Is involved-field radiotherapy equally effective and less toxic compared with extended-field radiotherapy after four cycles of chemotherapy in patients with early-stage unfavorable Hodgkin 's lymphoma : results of the HD8 trial of the German Hodgkin 's Lymphoma Study Group?
### Response:
| Radiotherapy volume size reduction from EF to IF after COPP + ABVD chemotherapy for two cycles produces similar results and less toxicity in patients with early-stage unfavorable HD. |
### Instruction:
Does novobiocin sensitize BCRP/MXR/ABCP overexpressing topotecan-resistant human breast carcinoma cells to topotecan and mitoxantrone?
### Response:
| Novobiocin may enhance topotecan and mitoxantrone toxicity in topotecan-resistant breast carcinoma cells. Novobiocin may be useful to reverse topotecan or mitoxantrone resistance in the clinic. |
### Instruction:
Does stress-related hormonal suppression of natural killer activity show menstrual cycle variations : implications for timing of surgery for breast cancer?
### Response:
| This study supports the role of menstrual cycle-induced alterations in NK cells as a putative mediator of improved survival when surgery for breast cancer is carried out in the follicular phase. However there is no evidence of the cyclical sensitivity of NK cells to the principal surgical stress hormones. |
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