question stringlengths 52 373 | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k |
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### Instruction:
Are hepatocyte apoptosis and fas expression prominent features of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis?
### Response:
| Hepatocyte apoptosis is significantly increased in patients with NASH and correlates with disease severity, suggesting that antiapoptotic therapy may be useful in this syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Is heme oxygenase-1 an antifibrogenic protein in human hepatic myofibroblasts?
### Response:
| This study shows that HO-1 is expressed in human hepatic myofibroblasts and induced during chronic liver injury. Moreover, these data unravel HO-1 as a major antifibrogenic pathway. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Alzheimer-like protein phosphatase deficiency lead to abnormal phosphorylation and accumulation of neurofilaments ]?
### Response:
| Deficiency in protein phosphatase induces in neuroblastoma cell line, neurofilament phosphorylation and accumulation, which is involved in Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration. |
### Instruction:
Are levels of antibodies against cytomegalovirus and Chlamydophila pneumoniae increased in early onset pre-eclampsia?
### Response:
| The anti-CMV and anti-Chl. pneumoniae antibodies were higher in early onset pre-eclampsia than in late onset pre-eclampsia, normotensive IUGR and normal pregnancy. This may provide a pathophysiological link between pre-eclampsia and the known increased risk for subsequent atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Does dynamic nature of electrocardiographic waveform predict rescue shock outcome in porcine ventricular fibrillation?
### Response:
| Highly deterministic ventricular fibrillation, reflected by a low scaling exponent, predicted rescue shock success regardless of antecedent failed rescue shocks. In addition, unsuccessful rescue shocks might decrease post-rescue shock ventricular fibrillation waveform organization. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells differentiate into neuron-like cells ]?
### Response:
| The data support the hypothesis that adult adipose tissue contains stem cells capable of differentiating into neurons. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Deletion mutation of beta-amyloid precursor protein decrease the secretion of beta-amyloid in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells ]?
### Response:
| This result suggests that the alternative splicing of APP exons 2 and 3 modulates the secretion of A beta by influencing the processing of APP. |
### Instruction:
Does atorvastatin reduce microalbuminuria in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and normal glucose tolerance?
### Response:
| These data indicate that significant lowering of LDL-cholesterol with atorvastatin may favorably affect kidney function, in particular microalbuminuria as a measure of endothelial function. It remains to be seen whether this effect can be attributed to lipid lowering alone. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Therapeutic effects of operation in tumor invade adjacent structures cancer of cardia and stomach fundus ]?
### Response:
| The patients without liver metastasis, widespread nodal involvement, peritoneal dissemination and local focus allowed by an en bloc combined resection in T(4) cancer of cardia and stomach fundus should undergo gastrectomy with a combined resection of the involved organs. Total gastrectomy should be performed to improve... |
### Instruction:
Is subcostal versus transcostal mini donor nephrectomy : rib resection responsible for pain related donor morbidity?
### Response:
| Rib sparing, subcostal mini incision donor nephrectomy has significantly less morbidity and a shorter hospital stay compared with the rib resection transcostal technique. |
### Instruction:
Is leukocytospermia in spinal cord injured patients related to histological inflammatory changes in the prostate?
### Response:
| Prostate biopsies obtained in this study did not show any signs of a chronic or acute significant inflammatory process that could explain increased leukocytospermia seen in patients with spinal cord injury. |
### Instruction:
Does tadalafil have no detrimental effect on human spermatogenesis or reproductive hormones?
### Response:
| Chronic daily administration of tadalafil at doses of 10 and 20 mg for 6 months had no adverse effects on spermatogenesis or on reproductive hormones in men older than 45 years. |
### Instruction:
Does retroviral endostatin gene transfer inhibit growth of human lung cancer in a murine orthotopic xenotransplant model?
### Response:
| Retroviral transduction of the human endostatin gene is capable of achieving long-term endostatin expression. Endostatin transduction provides significant anti-tumor effects with regard to local tumor growth, metastases and survival. |
### Instruction:
Does vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression correlate with lymph node localization of human melanoma metastases?
### Response:
| The findings of the current study demonstrate that VEGF-C expression is correlated with localization of melanoma metastases in the lymph nodes and suggest that VEGF-C expression in primary skin melanoma may be predictive of lymph node metastatic dissemination. |
### Instruction:
Does correct spatial normalization of myocardial perfusion SPECT improve detection of multivessel coronary artery disease?
### Response:
| With multivessel CAD, the "normal" region on SPECT often changes in location from rest to stress, potentially masking the extent and severity of multivessel ischemia. Renormalization of the images to match their resting level before image interpretation allows diagnosis of contralateral ischemia and strikingly improves... |
### Instruction:
Is mAP kinase phosphatase-1 induced in abnormal fibers in inclusion body myositis?
### Response:
| In IBM, MKP-1 is abnormally induced in vacuolated fibers probably to inactivate ERK. Although direct activators other than those tested in the current study might induce ERK, the absence of activation of MKK suggests that the aggregation of ERK protein itself causes the seeming upregulation of the protein kinase in IBM... |
### Instruction:
Is induction of matrix metalloproteinases-14 and -2 by cyclical mechanical stretch mediated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells?
### Response:
| These findings indicate that cyclical stretch augments TNF-alpha production and MMP genes expression in HUVECs. TNF-alpha mediates the stretch-induced MMP genes expression, at least in part, through the JNK pathway. |
### Instruction:
Is intracellular ATP required for mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in isolated hypoxic rat cardiac myocytes?
### Response:
| We demonstrate that ATP, generated through glycolysis, is a critical determinant of the form of cell death in hypoxic myocytes, independently of cellular acidification. Our data suggest that necrosis and apoptosis represent different outcomes of the same pathway. In the absence of ATP, necrosis prevails. However, the p... |
### Instruction:
Does [ G-protein potentiate the activation of TNF-alpha on calcium-activated potassium channel in ECV304 ]?
### Response:
| TNF-alpha acted on vascular endothelial cell ECV304 could rapidly activate the activity of BKca. Opening of BKca resulted in membrane hyper-polarization which could increase electro-chemical gradient for the resting Ca2+ influx and open leakage calcium channel, thus resting cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration could be ... |
### Instruction:
Is minichromosome maintenance 2 expression correlated with mode of invasion and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinomas?
### Response:
| Higher MCM2 LI provides useful information for patient prognosis in oral SCCs. |
### Instruction:
Is innate immune system implicated in recurrent aphthous ulcer pathogenesis?
### Response:
| Presented observations confirm that the innate immune system is involved in RAU pathogenesis. |
### Instruction:
Is human cytomegalovirus seropositivity associated with impaired vascular function?
### Response:
| This study shows that CMV-seropositive individuals have endothelial dysfunction and impaired responses to NO. This association was independent of conventional risk factors and may be associated with increased atherosclerosis burden. |
### Instruction:
Does glucocorticoid antagonist RU38486 fail to block acid-induced muscle wasting in vivo or in vitro?
### Response:
| IGF-I is a potent determinant of acid-induced protein degradation in vitro and is antagonized by glucocorticoid. If glucocorticoid acts in this indirect way in vivo this may explain why, in moderate metabolic acidosis with intact adrenal glands, the action of RU38486 via glucocorticoid is too weak to be of therapeutic ... |
### Instruction:
Is stimulation of protein degradation by low pH in L6G8C5 skeletal muscle cells independent of apoptosis but dependent on differentiation state?
### Response:
| Stimulation of PD in these cells by acid and GC is not an artefact of apoptosis or dedifferentiation, but differentiation state does determine whether PD responds spontaneously to acid or (as in vivo) only does so in the presence of GC. |
### Instruction:
Does vitamin C augment the renal response to L-arginine in smokers?
### Response:
| L-NMMA-induced vasoconstriction of the renal vasculature was similar in smokers compared to non-smokers. -arginine alone induced a similar increase of RPF. The co-infusion of vitamin C and -arginine led to a greater increase of RPF and GFR in smokers. This might suggest that oxidative stress is increased in the renal v... |
### Instruction:
Does celecoxib inhibit metabolism of cytochrome P450 2D6 substrate metoprolol in humans?
### Response:
| We conclude that celecoxib inhibits the metabolism of the CYP2D6 substrate metoprolol but that rofecoxib does not. Clinically relevant drug interaction may occur between celecoxib and CYP2D6 substrates, particularly those with a narrow therapeutic index. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Evidence of lacrimal plug via high resolution ultrasound ]?
### Response:
| 20 MHz ultrasound seems to be well suited for the detection and localisation of intracanalicular plugs. By use of 20 MHz ultrasound scans it is possible to get high-quality images of the intracanalicular plug and around lacrimal canaliculus. Compared with UBM, the depth of penetration is much higher with negligible res... |
### Instruction:
Does second window of ischemic preconditioning regulate mitochondrial permeability transition pore by enhancing Bcl-2 expression?
### Response:
| The cytoprotective effects of SWOP are dependent on PTP activation state and may involve upregulation of Bcl-2 expression. |
### Instruction:
Do aCE inhibitors improve diabetic nephropathy through suppression of renal MCP-1?
### Response:
| Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy reduces uMCP-1 levels and improves renal function. Because MCP-1 induces monocyte immigration and differentiation to macrophages, which augment extracellular matrix production and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, pharmacological ... |
### Instruction:
Is p34cdc2 expression an independent indicator for lymph node metastasis in colorectal carcinoma?
### Response:
| The immunohistochemical expression of p34(cdc2) is independently associated with lymph node metastasis in colorectal carcinoma. |
### Instruction:
Is adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation associated with P2Y12 gene sequence variations in healthy subjects?
### Response:
| In healthy subjects, ADP-induced platelet aggregation is associated with a haplotype of the P2Y12 receptor gene. Given the crucial role of the P2Y12 receptor in platelet functions, carriers of the H2 haplotype may have an increased risk of atherothrombosis and/or a lesser clinical response to drugs inhibiting platelet ... |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin 1beta induce gastric epithelial cell matrix metalloproteinase secretion and activation during Helicobacter pylori infection?
### Response:
| We conclude that IL-1beta induces gastric epithelial cell MMP-3 secretion, contributing to epithelial tissue destruction during H pylori infection. However, other bacterial/host factors are needed to mediate the full gastric epithelial cell MMP-3 secretory response induced by H pylori infection. |
### Instruction:
Is lipoteichoic acid a potent inducer of cytokine production in rat and human Kupffer cells in vitro?
### Response:
| Our results support the contention that gram-positive bacteria may activate cytokine production in Kupffer cells during bacteremia and suggest that LTA is important in this interaction. |
### Instruction:
Is the ACE/DD genotype associated with the extent of exercise-induced left ventricular growth in endurance athletes?
### Response:
| The ACE/DD genotype is associated with the extent of exercise-induced LVH in endurance athletes, regardless of other known biologic factors. |
### Instruction:
Are simultaneous liver and colorectal resections safe for synchronous colorectal liver metastasis?
### Response:
| Simultaneous colon and liver resection is safe and efficient in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastasis. By avoiding a second laparotomy, the overall complication rate is reduced, with no change in operative mortality. Given its reduced morbidity, shorter treatment time, and si... |
### Instruction:
Does measurement of Brn-3a levels in Pap smears provide a novel diagnostic marker for the detection of cervical neoplasia?
### Response:
| Measurement of Brn-3a levels in routinely taken Pap smears is a feasible technique that correlates with the severity of the epithelial abnormality and is a useful adjunct to cytology. Brn-3a appears to have great promise since it detects activation of oncogenic HPVs rather than simply detecting their presence, as is cu... |
### Instruction:
Does low tidal volume ventilation induce proinflammatory and profibrogenic response in lungs of rats?
### Response:
| Even a low tidal volume mode of mechanical ventilation induces proinflammatory and profibrogenic response, with a nondependent predominance for IL-1beta and PC III mRNA expression in supine, ventilated, previously normal rats. |
### Instruction:
Does disruption of leptin signaling contribute to cardiac hypertrophy independently of body weight in mice?
### Response:
| Together these data show that the effect of leptin on LV remodeling is not attributable to weight loss alone, indicating that leptin has antihypertrophic effects on the heart, either directly or through a leptin-regulated neurohumoral pathway. Disruption of leptin signaling may represent a novel mechanism in LVH and re... |
### Instruction:
Is residual exercise SPECT ischemia on treatment a main determinant of outcome in patients with coronary artery disease treated medically at long-term with beta-blockers?
### Response:
| In the CAD patients treated on a long-term basis with beta-blockers, survival is strongly influenced by persistent exercise SPECT ischemia on treatment. Therefore exercise SPECT on treatment could be a useful tool for selecting those who might benefit from additional anti-ischemic therapeutic interventions. |
### Instruction:
Does protocol-driven nonoperative management in patients with blunt splenic trauma and minimal associated injury decrease length of stay?
### Response:
| Protocol-driven management of splenic injury using admission angiography selectively for higher grade splenic injuries led to a decreased length of stay, higher therapeutic yield, and decreased use of hospital resources without any increase in the failure rate of nonoperative management in a selected group of patients ... |
### Instruction:
Is persistent poststroke hyperglycemia independently associated with infarct expansion and worse clinical outcome?
### Response:
| Persistent hyperglycemia on serial glucose monitoring is an independent determinant of infarct expansion and is associated with worse functional outcome. There is an urgent need to study normalization of blood glucose after stroke. |
### Instruction:
Is endothelial dysfunction in peripheral arterial disease related to increase in plasma markers of inflammation and severity of peripheral circulatory impairment but not to classic risk factors and atherosclerotic burden?
### Response:
| Inflammation and severity of circulatory impairment are implicated in the pathophysiology of dysfunctional endothelium in PAD. |
### Instruction:
Is the new injury severity score a better predictor of extended hospitalization and intensive care unit admission than the injury severity score in patients with multiple orthopaedic injuries?
### Response:
| MOI have a significant effect on trauma outcomes such as LOS and ICU admission. The recognition of this high-risk group is not possible using the traditional ISS alone from retrospective or prospective databases. Considering its easier calculation and better predictive power, it is suggested that the NISS should replac... |
### Instruction:
Does silibinin induce growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death in human lung carcinoma cells?
### Response:
| Silibinin significantly induces growth inhibition, a moderate cell cycle arrest and a strong apoptotic death in both small cell and non-small cell human lung carcinoma cells, which warrants further studies to assess the efficacy of this non-toxic agent in animal lung tumor models. |
### Instruction:
Is protection provided by cyclosporin A against excitotoxic neuronal death genotype dependent?
### Response:
| As our data show differential protection of hippocampal neurons against excitotoxic cell death by pretreatment with CsA, these results suggest that strain-dependent differences in mitochondrial integrity and function may exist. |
### Instruction:
Does the Drosophila forkhead transcription factor FOXO mediate the reduction in cell number associated with reduced insulin signaling?
### Response:
| Our results show that dFOXO is a crucial mediator of insulin signaling in Drosophila, mediating the reduction in cell number in insulin-signaling mutants. We propose that in response to cellular stresses, such as nutrient deprivation or increased levels of reactive oxygen species, dFOXO is activated and inhibits growth... |
### Instruction:
Is modification of elastin by pentosidine associated with the calcification of aortic media in patients with end-stage renal disease?
### Response:
| Our results indicate that glycoxidative modification of elastin in aortic media may be involved in the enhancement of medial calcification in ESRD patients on haemodialysis. |
### Instruction:
Does stress situation reveal an association between perfectionism and drive for thinness?
### Response:
| The results suggest that among nonclinical female individuals, stress may make significant a previously absent association between perfectionism and an actual desire or plan to lose weight. Such a finding suggests that stress may stimulate behaviors related to eating disorders in individuals with a perfectionistic pers... |
### Instruction:
Does oral testosterone undecanoate reverse erectile dysfunction associated with diabetes mellitus in patients failing on sildenafil citrate therapy alone?
### Response:
| Decreased testosterone levels in patients with ED and type II DM receiving oral antidiabetic against may be responsible for failure to respond to sildenafil citrate therapy. Combination with oral testosterone undecanoate restores sexual function in these patients. |
### Instruction:
Is up-regulation of organic anion transporter 1 protein induced by chronic furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide infusion in rat kidney?
### Response:
| Chronic furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide infusion caused increases in OAT1 protein abundance in rat kidney. These results suggest that OAT1 may be up-regulated in vivo by substrate stimulation at the protein level. |
### Instruction:
Does magnitude of serosal changes predict peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer?
### Response:
| Magnitude of serosal changes is easy to measure intraoperatively and predicts peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer with greater sensitivity than conventional peritoneal lavage cytology. |
### Instruction:
Do tumour necrosis factor alpha and nuclear factor kappaB inhibit transcription of human TFF3 encoding a gastrointestinal healing peptide?
### Response:
| Downregulation of intestinal trefoil factor TFF3 is caused by repression of transcription through TNF-alpha and NFkappaB activation in vitro. In IBD, perpetual activation of NFkappaB activity may contribute to ulceration and decreased wound healing through reduced TFF3. |
### Instruction:
Do apoptosis levels increase after castration in the CWR22 human prostate cancer xenograft?
### Response:
| Apoptosis contributes to tumor regression after castration in the CWR22 human prostate cancer xenograft model. |
### Instruction:
Are triphasic waveforms superior to biphasic waveforms for transthoracic defibrillation : experimental studies?
### Response:
| Triphasic transthoracic shocks composed of equal duration pulses were superior to biphasic shocks for VF termination at low energies and caused less VT and asystole. |
### Instruction:
Does nitric oxide regulate bacterial translocation in experimental acute edematous pancreatitis?
### Response:
| In acute edematous pancreatitis, BT is increased and is regulated by NO. NO substrates limit BT and pancreatic inflammation associated with acute pancreatitis, probably by their bactericidal actions and ability to improve pancreatic blood flow. |
### Instruction:
Does low-fat diet impair postresection intestinal adaptation in a rat model of short bowel syndrome?
### Response:
| In a rat model of SBS, early LFD appears to inhibit parameters of intestinal adaptation. A possible mechanisms for this effect may be decreased cell proliferation. Decreased enterocyte loss via apoptosis, found in this study, may reflect a reduced number of enterocyte. |
### Instruction:
Does epinephrine inhibit tracheal occlusion induced lung growth in fetal sheep?
### Response:
| Continuous infusion of Epi to the fetus results in less fluid accumulation within the TO lungs and abolishes significant lung growth after TO in the late-gestation fetal lamb. Drugs affecting lung fluid secretion may have a major impact on TO-induced lung growth. |
### Instruction:
Do antisense oligonucleotides against collagen-binding stress protein HSP47 suppress peritoneal fibrosis in rats?
### Response:
| Our results indicate the involvement of HSP47 in the progression of peritoneal fibrosis and that inhibition of HSP47 expression might merit further clinical investigation for the treatment of peritoneal fibrosis in CAPD patients. |
### Instruction:
Is enhancement of sensitivity to cisplatin by orobol associated with increased mitochondrial cytochrome c release in human ovarian carcinoma cells?
### Response:
| These results indicate that orobol produced DDP sensitivity in human ovarian carcinoma cells by inducing apoptosis through the MT-dependent signaling pathway. |
### Instruction:
Is phosphoinositide 3-kinase required for process outgrowth and cell polarization of gastrulating mesendodermal cells?
### Response:
| We have identified a novel role of a signaling pathway comprised of PDGF, PI3K, and PKB in the control of morphogenetic cell movements during gastrulation. Furthermore, our findings provide insight into the relationship between cell polarization and directed cell migration at the onset of zebrafish gastrulation. |
### Instruction:
Does automated image analysis to improve bead ingestion toxicity test count in the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis?
### Response:
| The image analysis is superior to direct beads counting in T. pyriformis particularly in terms of speed of analysis. |
### Instruction:
Is lactobacillus ruminis a predominant lactic acid producing bacterium in the caecum and rectum of the pig?
### Response:
| This is the first report of Lact. ruminis as the dominant lactic acid bacteria in the large intestine of the pig. |
### Instruction:
Do dietary nucleotides modulate mitochondrial function of intestinal mucosa in weanling rats with chronic diarrhea?
### Response:
| These results suggest that dietary nucleotides promote earlier restoration of the ileal mitochondrial function after chronic diarrhea. |
### Instruction:
Does mastic gum have no effect on Helicobacter pylori load in vivo?
### Response:
| Despite reported anti-H. pylori action in vitro, this preliminary study shows that mastic has no effect on H. pylori in humans. |
### Instruction:
Does pyruvate inhibit zinc-mediated pancreatic islet cell death and diabetes?
### Response:
| These results indicate that pyruvate inhibits Zn(2+)-induced necrosis of beta cells in vitro by protecting intracellular ATP levels and also streptozotocin-induced diabetes in vivo where Zn2+ has been reported to act as a paracrine death effector. |
### Instruction:
Is haeme-oxygenase 1 expression in rat pancreatic beta cells stimulated by supraphysiological glucose concentrations and by cyclic AMP?
### Response:
| High glucose and dibutyryl-cyclic-AMP stimulate expression of HO1 in rat pancreatic beta cells. The inhibition of HO1 expression in G30 by nimodipine, clonidine, and antioxidants, suggests that Ca2+ influx and cyclic-AMP are necessary for the generation of oxidative stress by G30, or for the stimulation of beta-cell HO... |
### Instruction:
Is qTc interval prolongation a predictor of future strokes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
### Response:
| QTc interval prolongation is a predictor of future stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes. Intervention studies are needed to assess whether this factor could be modified. |
### Instruction:
Does [ G-protein modulate the inhibition of angiotensin II on BKCa in ECV304 ]?
### Response:
| A II significantly decreased the activity of BKCa in ECV304, which might depolarize the membrane, and the stability of membrane might change. Thus endothelial cell dysfunction might be induced. G-protein activation was involved in the regulation of the above A II inhibition process. |
### Instruction:
Is pCD1 , a novel gene containing PDZ and LIM domains , overexpressed in human breast cancer and linked to lymph node metastasis?
### Response:
| PCD1 appears to contribute to breast cancer progression and nodal metastasis, thus representing a potential target molecule in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. |
### Instruction:
Does noninvasive transcutaneous ultrasound augment thrombolysis in the left circumflex coronary artery -- an in vivo canine study?
### Response:
| Both transcutaneous low frequency continuous wave ultrasound and pulsed wave ultrasound enhance tissue-type plasminogen activator-mediated thrombolysis of the posterior circulation with higher TIMI 3 flow rates and less reocclusion than with tissue-type plasminogen activator alone. In addition, at the energy levels use... |
### Instruction:
Is [ Collectrin , a kidney-specific novel gene , over-expressed in the hypertrophic phase in 5/6 nephrectomized rat kidney ]?
### Response:
| The expression of collectrin is progressively decreased with aging in normal rat kidney. In 5/6 nephrectomized kidney the expression of collectrin is related with the renal proliferation and hypertrophy. |
### Instruction:
Does subcutaneous transplantation of macroencapsulated porcine pancreatic endocrine cells normalize hyperglycemia in diabetic mice?
### Response:
| Subcutaneous transplantation of macroencapsulated porcine PEC normalized hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Our results identified a potential for a favorable development of subcutaneous transplantation of porcine PEC as a cure for diabetes. |
### Instruction:
Does sirolimus increase the risk for postoperative thromboembolic events among renal transplant recipients?
### Response:
| Addition of sirolimus to a CsA+Pred regimen does not increase the incidence of postoperative thrombotic events among renal transplant recipients. |
### Instruction:
Is a broad spectrum of human papillomavirus types present in the skin of Australian patients with non-melanoma skin cancers and solar keratosis?
### Response:
| A broad spectrum of HPV types, the majority from the B1 group, was found in skin of Australian patients with skin tumours. HPV 38 was found significantly more often in SK than in SCC. However, the role of cutaneous HPV infection in the pathogenesis of NMSC remains elusive. |
### Instruction:
Does administration of anti-interleukin 18 antibody fail to inhibit development of dermatitis in atopic dermatitis-model mice NC/Nga?
### Response:
| This study demonstrates that, at least in NC/Nga mice, IL-18, although excessively expressed before the onset of dermatitis, shows antiallergic actions. |
### Instruction:
Is duplication more common among laterally transferred genes than among indigenous genes?
### Response:
| The results are discussed not in a context of strongly optimized established genes, but rather of genes with weak or ancillary functions. The importance of duplication may therefore depend on the variability and availability of weak genes for which novel functions may be discovered. Therefore, lateral transfer may acce... |
### Instruction:
Are increased visceral fat and serum levels of triglyceride associated with insulin resistance in Japanese metabolically obese , normal weight subjects with normal glucose tolerance?
### Response:
| Increased visceral fat and serum levels of TG are associated with insulin resistance in Japanese MONW subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Excess visceral fat and elevated TG levels may play important roles in the development of insulin resistance in Japanese MONW subjects with normal glucose tolerance. |
### Instruction:
Are impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance in women with prior gestational diabetes associated with a different cardiovascular profile?
### Response:
| Traditional cardiovascular risk factors have a stronger association with isolated IFG than with isolated IGT in women with prior GDM. |
### Instruction:
Does c-reactive protein predict the deterioration of glycemia in chinese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance?
### Response:
| CRP independently predicts the risk of remaining in IGT or progressing to diabetes in Chinese subjects with IGT. CRP might provide an adjunctive measure for identifying subjects with the highest risk of progression to diabetes who would derive the greatest benefits from preventive interventions. |
### Instruction:
Do the impact of therapeutic doses of paracetamol on serum total antioxidant capacity?
### Response:
| Chronic ingestion of maximum therapeutic doses of paracetamol depletes serum antioxidant capacity in healthy volunteers in as few as 14 days, possibly by a reduction in glutathione. This may have implications for analgesic use in asthmatic individuals. Further studies are now required to assess the impact of paracetamo... |
### Instruction:
Do reactive oxygen species precede the epsilon isoform of protein kinase C in the anesthetic preconditioning signaling cascade?
### Response:
| APC is mediated by PKC-epsilon but not by PKC-delta. Furthermore, PKC activation probably occurs downstream of ROS generation in the APC signaling cascade. |
### Instruction:
Does hyperglycemia exacerbate brain edema and perihematomal cell death after intracerebral hemorrhage?
### Response:
| Hyperglycemia caused more profound brain edema and perihematomal cell death in experimental ICH. |
### Instruction:
Is craniotomy for treatment of unruptured aneurysms associated with long-term cognitive dysfunction?
### Response:
| We found no evidence of subtle cognitive deficits resulting from aneurysm clipping alone, suggesting that the common impairments after surgery for ruptured aneurysms are due to SAH itself, complications of SAH such as vasospasm or hydrocephalus, or perioperative stroke. |
### Instruction:
Does persistent subretinal indocyanine green induce retinal pigment epithelium atrophy?
### Response:
| Although ICG may be a useful tool for distinguishing the internal limiting membrane and other tissues careful application is required to prevent side effects. |
### Instruction:
Is cpG island methylator phenotype an independent predictor of survival benefit from 5-fluorouracil in stage III colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| CIMP+ has independent predictive significance for the survival benefit from 5-FU chemotherapy in CRC. This molecular marker should be incorporated into prospective clinical trials of fluorouracil-based therapies to confirm its clinical value. |
### Instruction:
Does zoledronic acid induce significant and long-lasting modifications of circulating angiogenic factors in cancer patients?
### Response:
| This study confirms that zoledronic acid could have an in vivo antiangiogenic property through a significant and long-lasting reduction in serum VEGF levels. |
### Instruction:
Are glucocorticoid receptors downregulated in hepatic T lymphocytes in rats with experimental cholangitis?
### Response:
| We conclude that hepatic T lymphocyte resistance to elevated endogenous glucocorticoid levels in rats with experimental cholangitis appears, in part, to be mediated by decreased GR expression. |
### Instruction:
Are changes in spontaneous behavior in rats exposed to experimental disc herniation blocked by selective TNF-alpha inhibition?
### Response:
| The data of the study clearly indicate a role for tumor necrosis factor alpha in the studied behavior changes after experimental disc herniation in the rat. Clinical trials must be performed in order to assess if there may be a clinical use for tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibition in the treatment of sciatica due to ... |
### Instruction:
Does aging potentiate Abeta-induced depletion of SNAP-25 in mouse hippocampus?
### Response:
| the Abeta effect on presynaptic SNAP-25 depletion is increased with age. DG-SMi shows the most severe changes and therefore may represent the most critical site in hippocampus for Abeta neurotoxicity. |
### Instruction:
Does g-protein activation decrease isoflurane inhibition of N-type Ba2+ currents?
### Response:
| It was found that activation of G-proteins in a neuronal environment dramatically reduced the isoflurane potency for inhibiting N-type Ba2+ currents and, in turn, isoflurane affected the G-protein regulation of N-type Ba2+ currents. |
### Instruction:
Is the RASSF1A tumor suppressor gene commonly inactivated in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix?
### Response:
| Hypermethylation of the RASSF1A promoter region is common in AC of the uterine cervix and rare in squamous carcinoma of uterine cervix. HPV infection does not correlate with RASSF1A methylation status in AC of the uterine cervix, but the absence of RASSF1A methylation in SCC of the uterine cervix coupled with the high ... |
### Instruction:
Does oral rapamycin inhibit growth of atherosclerotic plaque in apoE knock-out mice?
### Response:
| The results indicate that oral rapamycin is effective in attenuating the progression of atherosclerotic plaque in the mice. |
### Instruction:
Does undertreatment strongly decrease prognosis of breast cancer in elderly women?
### Response:
| Half of elderly patients with breast cancer are undertreated, with strongly decreased specific survival as a consequence. Treatments need to be adapted to the patient's health status, but also should offer the best chance of cure. |
### Instruction:
Does fish oil prevent the adrenal activation elicited by mental stress in healthy men?
### Response:
| Supplementation with n-3 fatty acids inhibits the adrenal activation elicited by a mental stress, presumably through effects exerted at the level of the central nervous system. |
### Instruction:
Do [ Preliminary report on primary drilling procedure at the time of hydroxyapatite orbital implant ]?
### Response:
| The hydroxyapatite orbital implant primary drilling procedure gives good cosmetic results with good motility of the artificial eye. It does not result in increased complications, and is an effective and efficient surgical option. |
### Instruction:
Are prolonged oxygen uptake kinetics during low-intensity exercise related to poor prognosis in patients with mild-to-moderate congestive heart failure?
### Response:
| Our results suggest that VO(2) kinetics are strongly related to outcome in heart failure patients. Since it has several additional advantages over peak exercise testing (eg, less time-consuming, less demanding for the patients, less dependent on motivation, and applicable in patients with limitations other than cardiop... |
### Instruction:
Does [ Fragile X mental retardation protein interact with human NDK/Nm23-H2 ]?
### Response:
| Human NDK/Nm23-H2 can bind FMRP directly. The interaction site of FMRP is located at its exon 1-11. This interaction in vitro might alter the intracellular distribution of NDK/Nm23-H2, and even regulates the transcription and expression of FMRP. |
### Instruction:
Does endogenous prostaglandin I2 regulate the neural emergency system through release of calcitonin gene related peptide?
### Response:
| The present results suggest that endogenous prostaglandin I(2) enhances the protective action of the capsaicin mediated neural emergency system against ethanol induced gastric mucosal injury through enhancement of CGRP release. |
### Instruction:
Is [ TLR4 involved in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice ]?
### Response:
| I/R hepatic injury in TLR4 deficient mice is less than that in wild-type mice. TNF-alpha expression down-regulated at the mRNA level appears critical. These suggest that TLR4 be involved in the mechanism of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. |
### Instruction:
Are lower levels of whole blood LPS-stimulated cytokine release associated with poorer clinical outcomes in surgical ICU patients?
### Response:
| The data suggest that ICU patients with characteristics of endotoxin tolerance (low LPS-stimulated cytokine release capacity) have significantly poorer clinical outcomes. Ex vivo LPS-stimulated whole blood cytokine production may be useful to identify ICU patients with severe sepsis. |
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