question stringlengths 52 373 | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k |
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### Instruction:
Does serum bicarbonate concentration correlate with arterial base deficit in critically ill patients?
### Response:
| In this large data set, there was a close inverse correlation between SB and BD in critically ill or septic patients. The predictive equation explains 83% of the variability for BD values. A prospective study comparing SB to BD and lactate could confirm SB as a useful marker of resuscitation. |
### Instruction:
Do andersen mutations of KCNJ2 suppress the native inward rectifier current IK1 in a dominant-negative fashion?
### Response:
| These results support that Kir2.x channels are a critical component of native I(K1) in neonate rat cardiomyocytes and that a dominant-negative suppression of I(K1) in native cells is the pathophysiological correlate of the Andersen's syndrome. |
### Instruction:
Does peripheral insulin resistance develop in transgenic rats overexpressing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the kidney?
### Response:
| A primary defect in suppression of EGP caused adipose tissue and muscle insulin resistance. |
### Instruction:
Does diabetes-induced activation of protein kinase C inhibit store-operated Ca2+ uptake in rat retinal microvascular smooth muscle?
### Response:
| These results show that store-operated Ca2+ influx is inhibited in retinal arterioles from rats having sustained increased blood glucose and that PKCbeta seems to play a role in mediating this effect. |
### Instruction:
Does explicit approach to rounds in an ICU improve communication and satisfaction of providers?
### Response:
| An explicit approach to bedside rounds in an ICU improves communication and satisfaction of health care providers. |
### Instruction:
Does saturated-fat diet induce moderate diabetes and severe glomerulosclerosis in hamsters?
### Response:
| The results show that high-caloric saturated fat intake induced diabetes in hamsters, probably linked to delayed insulin secretion. The model was also associated with the development of a range of pathologies characteristic to human diabetes, including nephropathy and defects in vasculature. Thus, high-fat fed hamsters... |
### Instruction:
Does lack of alpha 2-antiplasmin enhance ADP induced platelet micro-aggregation through the presence of excess active plasmin in mice?
### Response:
| Lack of alpha2-AP increased platelet micro-aggregation, and plasmin plays an important role in the formation of platelet aggregation when alpha2-AP knockout mice are used. Consequently, the reduction of alpha2-AP could be a risk factor for the activation of platelets resulting in thrombus formation. |
### Instruction:
Does the antitumor ether lipid 1-Q-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycerophosphocholine ( ET-18-OCH3 ) inhibit the association between Ras and Raf-1?
### Response:
| Our findings suggest that ET-18-OCH3 associates specifically with Raf-1 in the cytosol and interferes in the interaction of Raf-1 with activated Ras, thereby reducing the levels that are translocated to the membrane for activation. Thus Raf-1 appears to be a molecular target of ET-18-OCH3. |
### Instruction:
Is resolution of bronchial inflammation related to bacterial eradication following treatment of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis?
### Response:
| Resolution of bronchial inflammation following AECB is related to bacterial eradication. Those in whom bacteria continue to be cultured in their sputum have partial resolution of inflammation which may reflect continued stimulation by the reduced bacterial load. |
### Instruction:
Is class II transactivator promoter activity suppressed through regulation by a trophoblast noncoding RNA?
### Response:
| A novel method of CIITA suppression is described where a noncoding RNA selectively mediates the suppression of CIITA pIV possibly by complementary RNA-DNA binding to an inhibitory domain on the promoter. Selective suppression of MHC class II could have important implications in allograft tolerance and in developing cla... |
### Instruction:
Does vital capacity induction with 8 % sevoflurane and N2o cause cerebral hyperemia?
### Response:
| Vital capacity inhalation of 8% sevoflurane produces a faster loss of eyelash reflex than does 5% sevoflurane or propofol, but increases cerebral blood volume. |
### Instruction:
Are life events important in the course of hopelessness-a 2-year follow-up study in a general population?
### Response:
| Hopelessness may be persistent in a general population. The impact of life events, especially a notable worsening of the subjective financial situation, is important in becoming or remaining hopeless. |
### Instruction:
Is alpha Thalassemia associated with decreased risk of abnormal transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in children with sickle cell anemia?
### Response:
| The frequency of alpha thalassemia-2 was significantly higher in children with normal TCD. Speculation on mechanisms of effect includes improved erythrocyte deformability, reduced red cell adhesion, and reduced nitric oxide scavenging in alpha thalassemia-2. The association of alpha thalassemia-2 and normal TCD adds to... |
### Instruction:
Does medical student operative experience correlate with a match to a categorical surgical program?
### Response:
| There appears to be a correlation between surgical case exposure during the third-year clerkships and future residency fields. Thus, the degree of exposure to surgical procedures may influence medical student career choices. |
### Instruction:
Does the kinase inhibitor PKC412 suppress epiretinal membrane formation and retinal detachment in mice with proliferative retinopathies?
### Response:
| These data indicate that PKC412 (and possibly PTK787) has appropriate activity and sufficient intraocular bioavailability after oral administration to prevent retinal detachment in models of proliferative retinopathy. PKC412 should be considered for treatment of vascular and nonvascular proliferative retinopathies in h... |
### Instruction:
Do [ Bone marrow stromal cells of adult mice differentiate into smooth muscle cells in vitro ]?
### Response:
| MSCs can differentiate into vascular smooth muscle cells with contractile ability. This model may be useful in study of smooth muscle cell differentiation and the origin of neointimal cells after vascular injury. |
### Instruction:
Are androgen receptors frequently expressed in breast carcinomas : potential relevance to new therapeutic strategies?
### Response:
| Androgen receptors are commonly expressed in DCIS and in invasive breast carcinoma. A significant number of poorly differentiated carcinomas are ER-negative and PR-negative but AR-positive. Immunohistochemical examination of AR would be desirable because it would provide additional information about steroid receptors i... |
### Instruction:
Do fps/Fes and Fer protein-tyrosinekinases play redundant roles in regulating hematopoiesis?
### Response:
| Mice lacking both Fps and Fer kinase activities develop normally, show reduced fertility, and display defects in hematopoiesis, thus providing evidence for functional redundancy between Fps and Fer kinases in regulating hematopoiesis. |
### Instruction:
Does direct visualization of transplanted hematopoietic cell reconstitution in intact mouse organs indicate the presence of a niche?
### Response:
| Our findings show that transplanted HSCs or their immature progenies engraft preferentially at the epiphysis of the femurs or short and flat bones such as ribs and vertebrae. The transplanted cells remain quiescent for at least 4 months under nonmyloablative conditions, which implies the presence of stem cells in a nic... |
### Instruction:
Are adult human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells capable of adhesion-independent survival and expansion?
### Response:
| Our approach not only provides an alternative strategy to expand adult BM-derived nonhematopoietic progenitor cell numbers in a scalable and controllable bioprocess, but also questions established biological paradigms concerning the properties of connective-tissue stem and progenitor cells. |
### Instruction:
Is topical cidofovir ( HPMPC ) an effective adjuvant to surgical treatment of anogenital condylomata acuminata?
### Response:
| Topical applications of cidofovir, an antiviral compound with activity against human papilloma virus, is effective in the majority of patients with perianal condylomata and is a valuable adjuvant to surgical treatment of these lesions. |
### Instruction:
Do the effect of eye closure on the post-lens tear film thickness during silicone hydrogel contact lens wear?
### Response:
| The POLTF thickness is rapidly reduced by eye closure during contact lens wear. After 30 minutes of eye closure, the POLTF thickness may be reduced to values less than 1 microm for the first several minutes after opening the eyes. |
### Instruction:
Do nonelectrocardiographic evidence that both ischemic preconditioning and adenosine preconditioning exist in humans?
### Response:
| Previous exposure to a brief episode of ischemia (first balloon inflation) or to adenosine produces concordant decreases in ECG, subjective, mechanical, and metabolic manifestations of ischemia during PTCA. These data support the concept that both ischemic PC and pharmacologic PC exist in humans and that PTCA is a usef... |
### Instruction:
Does sequential FISH analysis of oocytes and polar bodies reveal aneuploidy mechanisms?
### Response:
| The data provide evidence for several mechanisms leading to aneuploidy, including classical non-disjunction of whole univalents; pre-division of chromatids prior to anaphase I, leading to imbalance detected at metaphase II; gonadal mosaicism for a trisomic cell line and preferential involvement of the smaller chromosom... |
### Instruction:
Is endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( NOS ) upregulated in rapid progressive pulmonary hypertension of the newborn?
### Response:
| Rapid progressive pulmonary hypertension of the newborn leads to compensatory induction of eNOS synthesis specifically in endothelial cells of the pulmonary arterioles. This mechanism of compensation can lead to delayed presentation of RPPHN during the late neonatal period. Exogenous inhaled nitric oxide therapy does n... |
### Instruction:
Do elevated early follicular gonadotropin levels in women with unexplained infertility provide evidence for disordered gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion as assessed by luteinizing hormone pulse characteristics?
### Response:
| These data do not support the hypothesis that unexplained infertility is caused by an abnormality in pulsatile GnRH secretion or abnormal pituitary sensitivity to GnRH. However, the results are consistent with a difference in negative feedback from the ovary to the pituitary in unexplained infertility patients that is ... |
### Instruction:
Does multimodal CME for surgeons and pathologists improve colon cancer staging?
### Response:
| A durable improvement in staging was realized through a multipronged change initiative aimed at both surgeons and pathologists. |
### Instruction:
Is diapause in the pea aphid ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) a slowing but not a cessation of development?
### Response:
| Diapause in the pea aphid, and perhaps in many other insects, is a temperature-independent slowing but not a cessation of morphological development. This suggests that the mechanisms limiting developmental rate during diapause may be the same as those controlling developmental rate at other stages of growth. |
### Instruction:
Does identification of glucose transporter-1 and it 's functional assay in mouse glomerular mesangial cells cultured in vitro?
### Response:
| Functional GLUT1 did present in mouse mesangial cells cultured in vitro and it might be the predominant transporter mediated the uptake of glucose into mesangial cells. |
### Instruction:
Does epidermal growth factor prevent increased permeability and bacterial translocation in rats with acute pancreatitis?
### Response:
| The results indicate that EGF may prevent increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation in rats with acute pancreatitis during TPN. |
### Instruction:
Does intermittent high-permeability hemofiltration modulate inflammatory response in septic patients with multiorgan failure?
### Response:
| Intermittent high-permeability hemofiltration is a novel extracorporeal elimination modality which exhibits immunomodulatory effects on leukocytes, attenuating polymorphonuclear neutrophil phagocytosis. Further studies are necessary to elucidate whether these effects translate in a clinical improvement in patients suff... |
### Instruction:
Does [ Adenoviral vector expressing an antiangiogenic fragment of thrombospondin 1 inhibit the growth of K562 cell xenografts ]?
### Response:
| Adenovirus-mediated TSP-1f gene transfer greatly inhibits K562-derived tumor growth and angiogenesis in mouse xenograft model, and may serve as a new therapy for hematological malignancies. |
### Instruction:
Does cPX/D underestimate VO ( 2 ) in athletes compared with an automated Douglas bag system?
### Response:
| During submaximal exercise, the CPX/D yields VO(2) values that are approximately 11% lower than the criterion system, and the source of the discrepancy does not appear to be primarily related to volume measurement. A disturbing observation is that factory defaults for the lag time use different correction factors, whic... |
### Instruction:
Are primary human hepatocytes protected against prolonged and repeated exposure to ethanol by silibinin-dihemisuccinate?
### Response:
| We can conclude that SDH has a beneficial effect on human hepatocytes when exposed to ethanol in vitro. |
### Instruction:
Are essential amino acids primarily responsible for the amino acid stimulation of muscle protein anabolism in healthy elderly adults?
### Response:
| Essential amino acids are primarily responsible for the amino acid-induced stimulation of muscle protein anabolism in the elderly. |
### Instruction:
Does overexpression of apolipoprotein A-I promote reverse transport of cholesterol from macrophages to feces in vivo?
### Response:
| Injection of 3H-cholesterol-labeled macrophage foam cells is a method of measuring reverse cholesterol transport specifically from macrophages to feces in vivo, and apoA-I overexpression promotes macrophage-specific reverse cholesterol transport. |
### Instruction:
Does intra-atrial pressure increase rate and organization of waves emanating from the superior pulmonary veins during atrial fibrillation?
### Response:
| We demonstrate for the first time that an increase in intra-atrial pressure increases the rate and organization of waves emanating from the superior pulmonary veins underlying stretch-related AF. |
### Instruction:
Does a proinflammatory genetic profile increase the risk for chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric carcinoma?
### Response:
| These findings show that a proinflammatory polymorphism in the TNF-alpha gene is associated with increased risk for GC, and that it is possible to define a specific genetic profile associated with highest risk for CAG and GC. |
### Instruction:
Is the proto-oncogene c-kit expressed in leiomyosarcomas of the uterus?
### Response:
| C-kit is expressed in uterine leiomyosarcomas and endometrial stromal sarcomas. Adjunctive diagnostic studies using c-kit may be useful in distinguishing leiomyosarcomas from benign leiomyomas in uterine tumors that offer uncharacteristic features. Furthermore, studies should investigate the prospect of treating these ... |
### Instruction:
Does metabolic alkalosis contribute to acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in adult cystic fibrosis?
### Response:
| Metabolic alkalosis contributes to hypercapnic respiratory failure in adults with acute exacerbations of CF. This acid-base disturbance occurs in conjunction with reduced total body salt levels and hypoalbuminemia. |
### Instruction:
Does dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate cause proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells despite treatment with fulvestrant?
### Response:
| The DHEA-S circumvented fulvestrant inhibition and caused ER-positive breast cancer cell growth. |
### Instruction:
Do patients with early diabetic heart disease demonstrate a normal myocardial response to dobutamine?
### Response:
| Subtle LV dysfunction is present in diabetic patients without overt cardiac disease. The normal response to stress suggests that ischemia due to small-vessel disease may not be important in early diabetic heart muscle disease. |
### Instruction:
Do intermediate filament-co-localized molecules with myosin heavy chain epitopes define distinct cellular domains in hair follicles and epidermis?
### Response:
| We describe a set of molecules that co-localize with intermediate filament in specific cell subsets in epithelial tissues. These antigens presumably influence intermediate filament structure or function. |
### Instruction:
Do prophylactic antibiotics adversely affect nosocomial pneumonia in trauma patients?
### Response:
| Justification for the use and duration of prolonged (>48 hours) prophylactic antibiotics requires careful reevaluation because this practice is associated with significant clinical complications that lead to increased use of patient resources, lengthened hospital stay, and higher cost. |
### Instruction:
Does bright cyclic rearing protect albino mouse retina against acute light-induced apoptosis?
### Response:
| Mice raised in a bright cyclic light environment are protected against light-induced apoptosis. We suggest that the protection is due to the up-regulation of cell survival pathways or the down-regulation of pathways that are vulnerable to acute cell stress. |
### Instruction:
Does bicycle helmet assessment during well visits reveal severe shortcomings in condition and fit?
### Response:
| Ninety-six percent of children and adolescents wore helmets in inadequate condition and/or with inadequate fit. This occurred despite a high acceptance of helmet use by this population. Initial evidence suggests that helmet assessment during well visits may be practical and valuable. |
### Instruction:
Do serum interleukin-6 levels reflect the disease status of colorectal cancer?
### Response:
| Serum IL-6 levels correlated with disease status of colorectal cancer but could not be regarded as an independent predictor for prognosis. |
### Instruction:
Does pressure distension stimulate the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules in the human saphenous vein graft?
### Response:
| Pressure distension of SVG before coronary bypass surgery induces upregulation of endothelial adhesion molecules, with subsequent increase in neutrophil adhesion to the endothelium. Neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells may contribute to early failure of SVG. |
### Instruction:
Is fish oil feeding associated with an increased accumulation of dietary lipids in enterocytes : results from an in vivo study in rats?
### Response:
| Attenuated postprandial lipaemia following fish oil feeding is explained, at least partly, by a transient lipid accumulation in enterocytes which may result in a delayed triglyceride efflux from the enterocytes into the circulation. |
### Instruction:
Does luminal salmonella endotoxin affect epithelial and mast cell function in the proximal colon of pigs?
### Response:
| Luminal endotoxin elicits an acute phase response and affects intestinal electrolyte transport and mast cell function. Furthermore, LPS induces epithelial spots of increased mannitol permeability that could be identical to spots of enhanced bacterial translocation. |
### Instruction:
Does tetracycline treatment eradicate Mycoplasma genitalium?
### Response:
| These results suggest that tetracyclines are not sufficient to eradicate M genitalium. Randomised controlled treatment trials are urgently needed. |
### Instruction:
Is colon cancer survival associated with increasing number of lymph nodes analyzed : a secondary survey of intergroup trial INT-0089?
### Response:
| The number of lymph nodes analyzed for staging colon cancers is, itself, a prognostic variable on outcome. The impact of this variable is such that it may be an important variable to include in evaluating future trials. |
### Instruction:
Does in situ RNA-RNA hybridisation of phospholipase C beta 3 show lack of expression in neuroendocrine tumours?
### Response:
| Low or lack of PLCB3 expression in a subset of endocrine tumours, together with earlier published in vitro data on suppressor characteristics upon transfection, indicate that PLCB3 could be involved in the tumorigenesis in a subset of endocrine tumours. |
### Instruction:
Does a novel porphyrin photosensitizer from bamboo leave that induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines?
### Response:
| The 201-hydroxypurpurin-7 delta-lactone esters are promising lead compounds as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of cancer. |
### Instruction:
Do long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have a positive effect on the quality of general movements of healthy term infants?
### Response:
| Supplementation of healthy term infants with LCPs during the first 2 mo of life reduces the occurrence of mildly abnormal GMs. |
### Instruction:
Does nitric oxide inhibit a rise of ATP-introduced cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration and release from intracellular stored Ca2+?
### Response:
| The ATP induced [Ca2+]i rise that release Ca2+ from both Insp3 and ryanochine receptors and Ca2+ entry through calcium channels. The inhibition of NO on ATP induced [Ca2+]i rise that was mediated by cGMP. |
### Instruction:
Is rheumatoid arthritis a heterogeneous disease : evidence for differences in the activation of the STAT-1 pathway between rheumatoid tissues?
### Response:
| The differences in the gene expression profiles provide a unique perspective for distinguishing different pathogenetic RA subsets based on molecular criteria. These data reflect important aspects of molecular variation that are relevant for understanding the biologic dysregulation underlying these subsets of RA. This a... |
### Instruction:
Do alkylphosphocholines inhibit proliferation of human retinal pigment epithelial cells?
### Response:
| APCs inhibit proliferation of RPE cells and RPE-mediated matrix contraction in vitro at nontoxic concentrations. This effect seems to be exerted through inhibition of PKC activity. Therefore, APCs are promising candidates for treatment of RPE-mediated proliferative processes such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy. |
### Instruction:
Does pattern ERG correlate of abnormal fundus autofluorescence in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and normal visual acuity?
### Response:
| The high correlation between AF imaging and PERG, an established technique in the assessment of central retinal function, demonstrates the likelihood that autofluorescence abnormalities have functional significance and may therefore be a valuable additional parameter in the monitoring of these patients. |
### Instruction:
Does intra-arterial simultaneous administration of anandamide attenuate endothelin-1 induced vasospasm in rabbit basilar arteries?
### Response:
| These results indicated that anandamide overcomes the angiographic and morphological effects of intrarterially administered ET-1 induced vasospasm in rabbit basilar arteries probably by induction of CGRP related vasodilatation through vanilloid receptors and prevents the acute ET-1 induced ultrastructural vessel wall d... |
### Instruction:
Are pharmacokinetics of morphine altered in subjects with Gilbert 's syndrome?
### Response:
| Gilbert's syndrome is not a factor to be considered when prescribing morphine. |
### Instruction:
Are olanzapine pharmacokinetics similar in Chinese and Caucasian subjects?
### Response:
| The pharmacokinetics of olanzapine are similar in both Chinese and Caucasian racial groups. |
### Instruction:
Does fiber-tracking method reveal sensorimotor pathway involvement in stroke patients?
### Response:
| Our proposed fiber-tracking method was shown to be a clinically feasible technique that correlates well with clinical symptoms. |
### Instruction:
Does vitamin E prevent renal dysfunction induced by experimental chronic bile duct ligation?
### Response:
| Vitamin E improves MAP and renal function in CBDL rats, and selectively decreases renal levels of oxidative stress and ET, suggesting that local redox balance is implicated in CBDL-induced renal dysfunction. |
### Instruction:
Does angiotensin II regulate 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 via AT2 receptors?
### Response:
| Ang II decreases the activity of 11beta-HSD2 by an AT2 receptor- and MAPK-dependent mechanism. The decreased activity of 11beta-HSD2 increases the intracellular availability of cortisol, which might be relevant for the pathogenesis of hypertension and preeclampsia. |
### Instruction:
Does endothelin-1 receptor blockade prevent renal injury in experimental hypercholesterolemia?
### Response:
| ET-A blockade improves renal hemodynamic and function in HC, and decreases oxidative stress, and renal vascular and tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. These findings support a role for the endogenous ET system in renal injury in HC and atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Do rat glomerular epithelial cells produce and bear factor H on their surface that is up-regulated under complement attack?
### Response:
| Cultured GEC and glomeruli express factor H mRNA and protein. As modeled both in vitro and in vivo in the rat, factor H is up-regulated in membranous nephropathy. This is likely to be a direct response of GEC to complement attack and may represent a protective response of this cell. |
### Instruction:
Do prostatic calculi influence the level of serum prostate specific antigen in men without clinically detectable prostate cancer or prostatitis?
### Response:
| The presence or volume of prostatic calculi had no significant effect on serum PSA. Our results suggest that the influence of prostatic calculi is irrelevant in men with elevated PSA. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Infection of Coxsackievirus group B type 3 regulate the expression profile of chemokines in myocardial tissue/cells ]?
### Response:
| The expression level and kind of ChKs in vivo and in vitro was varied significantly in clusters after CVB3 infection. The ChKs changed in clusters consisted of the expression profiles of ChKs. There were complexity and unbalance in the change of the expression of ChKs in every expression profile. It suggested that CVB3... |
### Instruction:
Does hypertonic saline enhance host response to bacterial challenge by augmenting receptor-independent neutrophil intracellular superoxide formation?
### Response:
| HTS significantly enhances intracellular killing of bacteria while attenuating receptor-mediated activation of proinflammatory cascades. |
### Instruction:
Is massive splenomegaly associated with significant morbidity after laparoscopic splenectomy?
### Response:
| Laparoscopic splenectomy is feasible in patients with giant spleens. However, it is associated with greater morbidity, and the advantages of minimal access surgery in this subgroup of patients are not so clear. |
### Instruction:
Are founder mutations in BRCA1/2 frequent in Canadian Ashkenazi Jewish men with prostate cancer?
### Response:
| Our observations remain preliminary. By combining all studies published to date, we have an 80% power to detect ORs of 2.7, 6.6 and 2.5 (185delAG, 5382insC and 6174 delT, respectively) while the values we observed range between 1.0 and 2.5. However, the contribution of rare mutations with such low odds ratios to the po... |
### Instruction:
Is reduced-folate carrier ( RFC ) expressed in placenta and yolk sac , as well as in cells of the developing forebrain , hindbrain , neural tube , craniofacial region , eye , limb buds and heart?
### Response:
| Clinical studies show a statistical decrease in the number of neural tube defects, craniofacial abnormalities, cardiovascular defects and limb abnormalities detected in offspring of female patients given supplementary folate during pregnancy. The mechanism, however, by which folate supplementation ameliorates the occur... |
### Instruction:
Does short-term statin therapy improve cardiac function and symptoms in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy?
### Response:
| Short-term statin therapy improves cardiac function, neurohormonal imbalance, and symptoms associated with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. These findings suggest that statins may have therapeutic benefits in patients with heart failure irrespective of serum cholesterol levels or atherosclerotic heart disease. |
### Instruction:
Is survival prolonged by highly active antiretroviral therapy in AIDS patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma?
### Response:
| Receipt of HAART after diagnosis is associated with a significantly longer survival in patients with AIDS-related CNS lymphoma. |
### Instruction:
Do haloperidol and clozapine antagonise amphetamine-induced disruption of latent inhibition of conditioned taste aversion?
### Response:
| These results are in line with the pharmacology of LI as derived from other conditioning paradigms. We conclude that the pharmacological regulation of LI in the CTA paradigm is similar to what has been observed previously in the conditioned emotional response and the conditioned active avoidance paradigms. |
### Instruction:
Does [ Compensated hyperinsulinemia based on selective insulin resistance predict elevation of blood pressure in non-diabetic adults ]?
### Response:
| The compensated hyperinsulinemia based on selective insulin resistance rather than insulin resistance to glucose per se could predict the elevation of blood pressure in nondiabetic adults. |
### Instruction:
Are [ Plasma VEGF levels increased in women with severe preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome ]?
### Response:
| It is concluded that patients suffering from PE or HELLP syndrome have either an increased placental expression of VEGF as a result of hypoxia or show an increased extraplacental production of this growth factor such as in maternal or fetal endothelial cells, macrophages or smooth muscle tissue. |
### Instruction:
Do muscarinic receptor subtypes mediate vasorelaxation in isolated horse deep dorsal penile vein?
### Response:
| These results indicate that ACh induces an endothelium-dependent relaxation in horse deep dorsal penile vein. The antagonist profile suggests that M3 muscarinic receptors mediate ACh-induced relaxation in this tissue. |
### Instruction:
Is vascular endothelial growth factor gene-460 C/T polymorphism a biomarker for prostate cancer?
### Response:
| The Bst U I polymorphism of the VEGF gene is a suitable genetic marker of prostate cancer but cannot be used in the prediction of the outcome of patients who have received hormonal therapy. |
### Instruction:
Does communication of prenatal screening and diagnosis result to primary-care health professionals?
### Response:
| The frequent absence of means of effective communication between primary and secondary care about diagnosed abnormalities, and health professionals' uncertainties about their role has implications for the quality of care given to women who receive positive results after prenatal screening or diagnosis. There is a need ... |
### Instruction:
Is psychological distress associated with decreased memory helper T-cell and B-cell counts in pre-AIDS HIV seropositive men and women but only in those with low viral load?
### Response:
| These findings highlight the importance of assessing the role of HIV viral burden when examining distress-immunity relationships in HIV-infected individuals. The lack of association in those persons with high viral load suggests that, even before AIDS onset, disease-related processes are disrupting CNS and immune syste... |
### Instruction:
Is hopelessness associated with decreased heart rate variability during championship chess games?
### Response:
| Investigation of championship chess game players with an ELO strength > or = 2300 in a natural field setting revealed increasing HE/HO being associated with reduced HF-HRV suggestive of vagal withdrawal. Thus, our data may help link negative mood states, autonomic nervous system disturbances, and cardiac events. |
### Instruction:
Does endothelin ( A ) receptor blockade reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury in pig pancreas transplantation?
### Response:
| Application of a ET(A)-RA reduces ischemia/reperfusion induced graft pancreatitis in a pig transplantation model by improving microcirculation and reducing tissue injury. |
### Instruction:
Does interleukin 10 inhibit the rat VSMC proliferation and collagen secretion stimulated by angiotensin II?
### Response:
| IL-10 antagonizes the VSMC proliferation and collagen synthesis by regulating FAK activity stimulated by AngII. |
### Instruction:
Does dynamic expression profile of p21WAF1/CIP1 and Ki-67 predict survival in rectal carcinoma treated with preoperative radiochemotherapy?
### Response:
| These findings are novel and support the clinical relevance of p21 in the suppression of both proliferation and apoptosis. Thus, the dynamic induction of p21WAF1/CIP1 was associated with a lower proliferative activity but an ultimately worse treatment outcome following neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and tumor resection.... |
### Instruction:
Are survival rates similar between African American and white patients with heart failure?
### Response:
| African American and white patients with symptomatic heart failure had similar survival rates in our database. |
### Instruction:
Do most hospitalized older persons meet the enrollment criteria for clinical trials in heart failure?
### Response:
| A minority of hospitalized older persons with heart failure fit the profile of populations of clinical trials. There is an urgent need for research in heart failure for typical heart failure patients, including the very old, women, and patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function. |
### Instruction:
Do cpG oligodeoxynucleotides potentiate the antitumor effects of chemotherapy or tumor resection in an orthotopic murine model of rhabdomyosarcoma?
### Response:
| These data are the first to show that immune stimulatory agents such as CpGs may enhance the antitumor effects of chemotherapeutic agents and improve survival after surgical resection of a solid tumor. |
### Instruction:
Does combination therapy with paclitaxel and thalidomide inhibit angiogenesis and growth of human colon cancer xenograft in mice?
### Response:
| The results of this study underscore the therapeutic efficacy of concomitant use of paclitaxel and thalidomide in the treatment of highly vascular colorectal tumors in a xenograft model. |
### Instruction:
Do doxorubicin-derived metabolites induce release of cytochrome C and inhibition of respiration on cardiac isolated mitochondria?
### Response:
| The data obtained are consistent with the proposal that doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity may be partially exerted by the induction of programmed cell death, both directly and even more through its derived metabolites. |
### Instruction:
Do growth factors regulate the expression profile of their syndecan co-receptors and the differentiation of mesothelioma cells?
### Response:
| Growth factor signalling seems to be delicately controlled by an autoregulatory loop involving the syndecan expression levels and amounts of soluble HS chains shed into the medium. |
### Instruction:
Does glutamine administration during total parenteral nutrition protect liver adenosine nucleotides during and after subsequent hemorrhagic shock?
### Response:
| Glutamine supplementation significantly protected the liver from tissue damage caused by hemorrhagic shock. ATP levels remained higher during shock and recovered more rapidly after resuscitation. Glutamine supplementation may help to protect cellular energy stores in the stressed organism and may offer opportunities fo... |
### Instruction:
Does p53 mutation correlate with cisplatin sensitivity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma lines?
### Response:
| These in vitro data support a role for mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene as a marker for response to cisplatin in HNSCC. |
### Instruction:
Is cellular IL-10 more effective than viral IL-10 in decreasing venous thrombosis?
### Response:
| cIL-10 is more antithrombotic/anti-inflammatory than vIL-10. This may be the result of cIL-10 decreasing P-selectin protein expression and vIL-10 increasing E-selectin mRNA levels. |
### Instruction:
Do capsaicin-sensitive nerves regulate the metabolic response to abdominal sepsis?
### Response:
| Capsaicin-sensitive nerves mediate mortality, the catabolism of skeletal muscle, and selected elements of the IGF system during abdominal sepsis. The results suggest an important role for nociceptive SANs and the neuroendocrine system in mediating the host response to abdominal infection. |
### Instruction:
Does induction of a regulatory T cell type 1 response reduce the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice?
### Response:
| Tr1-type regulatory immune response reduces the development of experimental atherosclerosis. |
### Instruction:
Does macrophage depletion diminish lesion size and severity in experimental choroidal neovascularization?
### Response:
| Macrophage depletion using CL(2)MDP-lip reduces size, cellularity, and vascularity of CNV. This observation supports the hypothesis that macrophages contribute to the severity of CNV lesions. |
### Instruction:
Are proapoptotic bcl-2 family members , Bax and Bak , essential for developmental photoreceptor apoptosis?
### Response:
| Bax and Bak are important for retinal development and are the first apoptotic factors identified as essential for developmental photoreceptor apoptosis. Future studies will investigate the potential role of Bax and Bak in mediating pathologic photoreceptor death. |
### Instruction:
Does disruption of kinesin II function using a dominant negative-acting transgene in Xenopus laevis rods result in photoreceptor degeneration?
### Response:
| The observation that rod degeneration is produced by expression of a dominant negative-acting kinesin II transgene in Xenopus rods is consistent with previous studies in mice, suggesting that kinesin II function is required for photoreceptor survival. |
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