Target_Summary_ID stringclasses 200
values | Target_Sentence_Index stringlengths 4 7 | External stringclasses 2
values | Target_Sentence_factual stringlengths 19 592 | Target_Sentence_non_factual stringlengths 19 592 | Original_Abstract stringclasses 200
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t17 | t17_19 | no | One death occurred in the GB group. | One death did not occur in the GB group. | Bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity is considered when other treatments have failed. The effects of the available bariatric procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 and most recently updated in 2009. Objectives ... |
t17 | t17_20 | no | Serious adverse events occurred in 5% of the GB group and 1% of SG group, as reported in one study. | Serious adverse events occurred in 8% of the GB group and 3% of SG group, as reported in one study. | Bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity is considered when other treatments have failed. The effects of the available bariatric procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 and most recently updated in 2009. Objectives ... |
t17 | t17_21 | no | Two studies reported 7% to 24% of people with GB and 3% to 34% of those with SG requiring reoperations. | Two studies reported 10% to 30% of people with GB and 5% to 40% of those with SG requiring reoperations. | Bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity is considered when other treatments have failed. The effects of the available bariatric procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 and most recently updated in 2009. Objectives ... |
t17 | t17_22 | no | Two studies found that biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch resulted in greater weight loss than GB after two or four years in people with a relatively high BMI. | Two studies found that biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch resulted in greater weight loss than GB after three or four years in people with a relatively high BMI. | Bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity is considered when other treatments have failed. The effects of the available bariatric procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 and most recently updated in 2009. Objectives ... |
t17 | t17_23 | yes | BMI at the end of the studies was on average seven units lower. | BMI at the end of the studies was on average ten units lower. | Bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity is considered when other treatments have failed. The effects of the available bariatric procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 and most recently updated in 2009. Objectives ... |
t17 | t17_24 | no | One death occurred in the biliopancreatic diversion group. | One death did not occur in the biliopancreatic diversion group. | Bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity is considered when other treatments have failed. The effects of the available bariatric procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 and most recently updated in 2009. Objectives ... |
t17 | t17_25 | no | Reoperations were higher in the biliopancreatic diversion group (16% to 28%) than the GB group (4% to 8%). | Reoperations were higher in the biliopancreatic diversion group (20% to 35%) than the GB group (6% to 10%). | Bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity is considered when other treatments have failed. The effects of the available bariatric procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 and most recently updated in 2009. Objectives ... |
t17 | t17_26 | no | One study comparing duodenojejunal bypass with SG versus GB found weight loss outcomes and rates of remission of diabetes and hypertension were similar at 12 months follow‐up. | One study comparing duodenojejunal bypass with SG versus GB found weight loss outcomes and rates of remission of diabetes and hypertension were similar at 18 months follow‐up. | Bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity is considered when other treatments have failed. The effects of the available bariatric procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 and most recently updated in 2009. Objectives ... |
t17 | t17_27 | no | No deaths occurred in either group, reoperation rates were not reported. | No deaths occurred in either group, reoperation rates were reported. | Bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity is considered when other treatments have failed. The effects of the available bariatric procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 and most recently updated in 2009. Objectives ... |
t17 | t17_28 | yes | One study found that BMI was reduced by 10 units more following SG at three years follow‐up compared with AGB. | One study found that BMI was reduced by 15 units more following SG at three years follow‐up compared with AGB. | Bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity is considered when other treatments have failed. The effects of the available bariatric procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 and most recently updated in 2009. Objectives ... |
t17 | t17_29 | no | Reoperations occurred in 20% of the AGB group and in 10% of the SG group. | Reoperations occurred in 25% of the AGB group and in 15% of the SG group. | Bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity is considered when other treatments have failed. The effects of the available bariatric procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 and most recently updated in 2009. Objectives ... |
t17 | t17_30 | no | One study found no relevant difference in weight‐loss outcomes following gastric imbrication compared with SG. | One study found no relevant difference in weight‐loss outcomes following gastric bypass compared with SG. | Bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity is considered when other treatments have failed. The effects of the available bariatric procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 and most recently updated in 2009. Objectives ... |
t17 | t17_31 | yes | No deaths occurred; 17% of participants in the gastric imbrication group required reoperation. | No deaths occurred; 25% of participants in the gastric imbrication group required reoperation. | Bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity is considered when other treatments have failed. The effects of the available bariatric procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 and most recently updated in 2009. Objectives ... |
t17 | t17_32 | no | From the information that was available to us about the studies, we were unable to assess how well designed they were. | From the information that was available to us about the studies, we were able to assess how well designed they were. (Negation) | Bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity is considered when other treatments have failed. The effects of the available bariatric procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 and most recently updated in 2009. Objectives ... |
t17 | t17_33 | no | Adverse events and reoperation rates were not consistently reported in the publications of the studies. | Adverse events and reoperation rates were consistently reported in the publications of the studies. | Bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity is considered when other treatments have failed. The effects of the available bariatric procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 and most recently updated in 2009. Objectives ... |
t17 | t17_34 | no | Most studies followed participants for only one or two years, therefore the long‐term effects of surgery remain unclear. | Most studies followed participants for only three or four years, therefore the long‐term effects of surgery remain unclear. | Bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity is considered when other treatments have failed. The effects of the available bariatric procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 and most recently updated in 2009. Objectives ... |
t17 | t17_35 | yes | Few studies assessed the effects of bariatric surgery in treating comorbidities in participants with a lower BMI. | Few studies assessed the effects of bariatric surgery in treating comorbidities in participants with a higher BMI. | Bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity is considered when other treatments have failed. The effects of the available bariatric procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 and most recently updated in 2009. Objectives ... |
t17 | t17_36 | yes | There is therefore a lack of evidence for the use of bariatric surgery in treating comorbidities in people who are overweight or who do not meet standard criteria for bariatric surgery. | There is therefore a lack of evidence for the use of bariatric surgery in treating comorbidities in people who are underweight or who do not meet standard criteria for bariatric surgery. | Bariatric (weight loss) surgery for obesity is considered when other treatments have failed. The effects of the available bariatric procedures compared with medical management and with each other are uncertain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003 and most recently updated in 2009. Objectives ... |
t18 | t18_1 | no | When women go to their doctor with a mass that could be ovarian cancer, they are normally referred for surgery, since the mass may need to be removed and examined microscopically in a laboratory in a procedure known as paraffin section histopathology. | When women go to their doctor with a mass that could be ovarian cancer, they are normally referred for chemotherapy, since the mass may need to be removed and examined microscopically in a laboratory in a procedure known as paraffin section histopathology. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_2 | yes | A third of women with ovarian cancer present with a cyst or mass without any visible evidence of spread elsewhere. | A third of women with ovarian cancer present with a cyst or tumor without any visible evidence of spread elsewhere. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_3 | yes | However, in these apparently early‐stage cancers (confined to the ovary) surgical staging is required to decide if chemotherapy is required. | However, in these apparently early‐stage cancers (confined to the ovary) surgical staging is not required to decide if chemotherapy is required. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_4 | no | This staging consists of sampling tissues within the abdomen, including lymph nodes. | This staging consists of sampling tissues within the abdomen, excluding lymph nodes. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_5 | no | Different staging strategies exist. | Various staging strategies do not exist. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_6 | no | One is to perform surgical staging for all women who might have a cancer, to get information about spread. | One is to perform surgical staging for all women who might not have a cancer, to get information about spread. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_7 | no | This may result in complications due to additional surgical procedures that may turn out to be unnecessary in approximately two thirds of women. | This may result in complications due to additional surgical procedures that may turn out to be unnecessary in approximately three quarters of women. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_8 | no | A second strategy is to perform an operation to remove just the suspicious mass and await the paraffin section diagnosis. | A second strategy is to perform an operation to remove just the suspicious mass and avoid the paraffin section diagnosis. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_9 | no | This may result in needing a further operation in one third of women if cancer is confirmed, putting them at increased risks from another operation. | This may result in needing a further operation in one quarter of women if cancer is confirmed, putting them at increased risks from another operation. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_10 | no | A third strategy is to send the mass to the laboratory during the operation for a quick diagnosis, known as 'frozen section'. | A third strategy is to send the mass to the clinic during the operation for a quick diagnosis, known as 'frozen section'. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_11 | no | This helps the surgeon decide if further surgical treatment is required during a single operation. | This prevents the surgeon from deciding if further surgical treatment is required during a single operation. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_12 | no | Frozen section is not as accurate as the traditional slower paraffin section examination, and it entails a risk of incorrect diagnosis, meaning that some women may not have all the samples taken at the initial surgery and may need to undergo a second operation; and others may undergo unnecessary surgical sampling. | Frozen section is not as accurate as the traditional slower paraffin section examination, and it entails a risk of incorrect diagnosis, meaning that some men may not have all the samples taken at the initial surgery and may need to undergo a second operation; and others may undergo unnecessary surgical sampling. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_13 | no | We searched all available studies reporting use of frozen section in women with suspicious ovarian masses. | We searched all available studies reporting use of frozen section in men with suspicious ovarian masses. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_14 | no | We excluded studies without an English translation and studies without enough information to allow us to analyse the data. | We included studies without an English translation and studies without enough information to allow us to analyse the data. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_15 | no | We included 38 studies (11,181 women), reporting three types of diagnoses from the frozen section test. | We included 42 studies (11,181 women), reporting three types of diagnoses from the frozen section test. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_16 | no | Cancer, which occurred in an average of 29% of women. | Cancer, which occurred in an average of 35% of women. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_17 | yes | Borderline tumour, which occurred in 8% of women. | Borderline tumour, which occurred in 12% of women. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_18 | no | In a hypothetical group of 1000 patients where 290 have cancer and 80 have a borderline tumour, 261 women would receive a correct diagnosis of a cancer and 706 women would be correctly diagnosed without a cancer based on a frozen section result. | In a hypothetical group of 1200 patients where 290 have cancer and 80 have a borderline tumour, 261 women would receive a correct diagnosis of a cancer and 706 women would be correctly diagnosed without a cancer based on a frozen section result. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_19 | no | However, 4 women would be incorrectly diagnosed as having a cancer where none existed (false positive), and 29 women with cancer would be missed and potentially need further treatment (false negative). | However, 6 women would be incorrectly diagnosed as having a cancer where none existed (false positive), and 29 women with cancer would be missed and potentially need further treatment (false negative). | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_20 | no | If surgeons used a frozen section result of either a cancer or a borderline tumour to diagnose cancer, 280 women would be correctly diagnosed with a cancer and 635 women would be correctly diagnosed without a cancer. | If surgeons used a frozen section result of either a cancer or a borderline tumour to diagnose cancer, 300 women would be correctly diagnosed with a cancer and 635 women would be correctly diagnosed without a cancer. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_21 | no | However, 75 women would be incorrectly diagnosed as having a cancer, and 10 women with cancer would be missed on the initial test and found to have a cancer after surgery. | However, 85 women would be incorrectly diagnosed as having a cancer, and 10 women with cancer would be missed on the initial test and found to have a cancer after surgery. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_22 | no | If the frozen section result reported the mass as benign or malignant, the final diagnosis would remain the same in, on average, 94% and 99% of the cases, respectively. | If the frozen section result reported the mass as benign or malignant, the final diagnosis would remain the same in, on average, 89% and 97% of the cases, respectively. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_23 | no | In cases where the frozen section diagnosis was a borderline tumour, there is a chance that the final diagnosis would turn out to be a cancer in, on average, 21% of women. | In cases where the frozen section diagnosis was a borderline tumour, there is a chance that the final diagnosis would turn out to be a cancer in, on average, 35% of women. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_24 | no | Where the frozen section diagnosis is a borderline tumour, the diagnosis is less accurate than for benign or malignant tumours. | Where the frozen section diagnosis is a borderline tumour, the diagnosis is more accurate than for benign or malignant tumours. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t18 | t18_25 | no | Surgeons may choose to perform additional surgery in this group of women at the time of their initial surgery in order to reduce the need for a second operation if the final diagnosis turns out to be a cancer, as it would on average in one out of five of these women. | Surgeons may choose to perform additional surgery in this group of women at the time of their initial surgery in order to reduce the need for a second operation if the final diagnosis turns out to be a cancer, as it would on average in one out of ten of these women. | Women with suspected early‐stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging which involves taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in order to inform further treatment. One potential strategy is to surgically stage all women with suspicious ovarian masses, without any histologica... |
t19 | t19_1 | yes | The aim of this Cochrane Review was to find out if anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (called anti‐VEGF) treatment of new blood vessels in people with severe myopia (also known as nearsightedness or shortsightedness) prevents vision loss. | The aim of this Cochrane Review was to find out if anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (called anti‐VEGF) treatment of new blood vessels in people with mild myopia (also known as nearsightedness or shortsightedness) prevents vision loss. | Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) is a common complication of pathological myopia. Once developed, most eyes with myopic CNV (mCNV) experience a progression to macular atrophy, which leads to irreversible vision loss. Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy is used to treat diseases characterised b... |
t19 | t19_2 | no | Cochrane researchers collected and analysed all relevant studies to answer this question and found six studies. | Cochrane researchers collected and analysed all relevant studies to answer this question and found eight studies. | Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) is a common complication of pathological myopia. Once developed, most eyes with myopic CNV (mCNV) experience a progression to macular atrophy, which leads to irreversible vision loss. Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy is used to treat diseases characterised b... |
t19 | t19_3 | yes | People with severe myopia and growth of new blood vessels at the back of the eye may benefit from treatment with anti‐VEGF. | People with severe myopia and growth of new blood vessels at the back of the eye may not benefit from treatment with anti‐VEGF. | Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) is a common complication of pathological myopia. Once developed, most eyes with myopic CNV (mCNV) experience a progression to macular atrophy, which leads to irreversible vision loss. Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy is used to treat diseases characterised b... |
t19 | t19_4 | no | It may prevent vision loss. | It may not prevent vision loss. | Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) is a common complication of pathological myopia. Once developed, most eyes with myopic CNV (mCNV) experience a progression to macular atrophy, which leads to irreversible vision loss. Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy is used to treat diseases characterised b... |
t19 | t19_5 | yes | SIde effects (harms) occur rarely. | Side effects (harms) do not occur rarely. | Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) is a common complication of pathological myopia. Once developed, most eyes with myopic CNV (mCNV) experience a progression to macular atrophy, which leads to irreversible vision loss. Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy is used to treat diseases characterised b... |
t19 | t19_6 | yes | Myopia occurs when the eyeball becomes too long. | Myopia occurs when the eyeball becomes too short. | Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) is a common complication of pathological myopia. Once developed, most eyes with myopic CNV (mCNV) experience a progression to macular atrophy, which leads to irreversible vision loss. Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy is used to treat diseases characterised b... |
t19 | t19_7 | yes | If the myopia is severe, sometimes the retina (light‐sensitive tissue at the back of the eye) becomes too thin and new blood vessels grow. | If the myopia is severe, sometimes the retina (light‐sensitive tissue at the back of the eye) becomes too thick and new blood vessels grow. | Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) is a common complication of pathological myopia. Once developed, most eyes with myopic CNV (mCNV) experience a progression to macular atrophy, which leads to irreversible vision loss. Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy is used to treat diseases characterised b... |
t19 | t19_8 | yes | These new blood vessels can leak and cause vision loss. | These new blood vessels cannot leak and cause vision loss. | Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) is a common complication of pathological myopia. Once developed, most eyes with myopic CNV (mCNV) experience a progression to macular atrophy, which leads to irreversible vision loss. Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy is used to treat diseases characterised b... |
t19 | t19_9 | yes | Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) is a drug that may slow down the growth of these new vessels. | Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) is a drug that may accelerate the growth of these new vessels. | Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) is a common complication of pathological myopia. Once developed, most eyes with myopic CNV (mCNV) experience a progression to macular atrophy, which leads to irreversible vision loss. Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy is used to treat diseases characterised b... |
t19 | t19_10 | yes | Doctors can inject anti‐VEGF into the eye of people who have severe myopia and signs of new blood vessels growing at the back of the eye. | Doctors can inject anti‐VEGF into the eye of people who have mild myopia and signs of new blood vessels growing at the back of the eye. | Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) is a common complication of pathological myopia. Once developed, most eyes with myopic CNV (mCNV) experience a progression to macular atrophy, which leads to irreversible vision loss. Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy is used to treat diseases characterised b... |
t19 | t19_11 | yes | This may prevent vision loss. | This may not prevent vision loss. | Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) is a common complication of pathological myopia. Once developed, most eyes with myopic CNV (mCNV) experience a progression to macular atrophy, which leads to irreversible vision loss. Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy is used to treat diseases characterised b... |
t19 | t19_12 | no | The Cochrane researchers found six relevant studies. | The Cochrane researchers found eight relevant studies. | Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) is a common complication of pathological myopia. Once developed, most eyes with myopic CNV (mCNV) experience a progression to macular atrophy, which leads to irreversible vision loss. Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy is used to treat diseases characterised b... |
t19 | t19_13 | no | These studies took place in multiple clinical centres across three continents (Europe, Asia and North America), Three studies compared anti‐VEGF treatment with photodynamic therapy (PDT; a treatment with a light‐sensitive medicine and a light source that destroys abnormal cells); one study compared anti‐VEGF with laser... | These studies took place in multiple clinical centres across three continents (Europe, Asia and North America), Three studies compared anti‐VEGF treatment with photodynamic therapy (PDT; a treatment with a light‐sensitive medicine and a light source that destroys abnormal cells); one study compared anti‐VEGF with laser... | Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) is a common complication of pathological myopia. Once developed, most eyes with myopic CNV (mCNV) experience a progression to macular atrophy, which leads to irreversible vision loss. Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy is used to treat diseases characterised b... |
t19 | t19_14 | yes | In some of the studies, the comparison group received anti‐VEGF after a short period which may mean that the results underestimate the beneficial effect of anti‐VEGF. | In some of the studies, the comparison group received anti‐VEGF after a short period which may mean that the results overestimate the beneficial effect of anti‐VEGF. | Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) is a common complication of pathological myopia. Once developed, most eyes with myopic CNV (mCNV) experience a progression to macular atrophy, which leads to irreversible vision loss. Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy is used to treat diseases characterised b... |
t19 | t19_15 | yes | People with severe myopia who have anti‐VEGF treatment probably achieve better vision than people receiving PDT, laser or no treatment (moderate‐ and low‐certainty evidence). | People with severe myopia who have anti‐VEGF treatment probably achieve worse vision than people receiving PDT, laser or no treatment (moderate‐ and low‐certainty evidence). | Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) is a common complication of pathological myopia. Once developed, most eyes with myopic CNV (mCNV) experience a progression to macular atrophy, which leads to irreversible vision loss. Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy is used to treat diseases characterised b... |
t20 | t20_1 | yes | We wanted to see whether talking therapies reduce drinking in adult users of illicit drugs (mainly opioids and stimulants). | We wanted to see whether talking therapies increase drinking in adult users of illicit drugs (mainly opioids and stimulants). | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_2 | no | We also wanted to find out whether one type of therapy is more effective than another. | We also wanted to find out whether one type of therapy is less effective than another. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_3 | yes | Drinking alcohol above the low‐risk drinking limits can lead to serious alcohol use problems or disorders. | Drinking alcohol above the low‐risk drinking limits cannot lead to serious alcohol use problems or disorders. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_4 | no | Drinking above those limits is common in people who also have problems with other drugs. | Drinking below those limits is common in people who also have problems with other drugs. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_5 | yes | It worsens their physical and mental health. | It improves their physical and mental health. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_6 | yes | Talking therapies aim to identify an alcohol problem and motivate an individual to do something about it. | Talking therapies aim to identify an alcohol problem and discourage an individual from doing something about it. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_7 | yes | Talking therapies can be given by trained doctors, nurses, counsellors, psychologists, etc. | Talking therapies cannot be given by trained doctors, nurses, counsellors, psychologists, etc. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_8 | yes | Talking therapies may help reduce alcohol use but we wanted to find out if they can help people who also have problems with other drugs. | Talking therapies may help reduce alcohol use but we wanted to find out if they can help people who also have benefits with other drugs. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_9 | no | We found seven studies that examined five talking therapies among 825 people with drug problems. | We found nine studies that examined five talking therapies among 825 people with drug problems. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_10 | yes | Cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) is a talking therapy that focuses on changing the way people think and act. | Cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) is a talking therapy that focuses on maintaining the way people think and act. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_11 | yes | The twelve‐step programme is based on theories from Alcoholics Anonymous and aims to motivate the person to develop a desire to stop using drugs or alcohol. | The fifteen‐step programme is based on theories from Alcoholics Anonymous and aims to motivate the person to develop a desire to stop using drugs or alcohol. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_12 | yes | Motivational interviewing (MI) helps people to explore and resolve doubts about changing their behaviour. | Motivational interviewing (MI) hinders people to explore and resolve doubts about changing their behaviour. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_13 | yes | It can be delivered in group, individual and intensive formats. | It cannot be delivered in group, individual and intensive formats. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_14 | yes | Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) is a shorter MI that takes 45 minutes to three hours. | Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) is a shorter MI that takes 30 minutes to three hours. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_15 | yes | Brief interventions are based on MI but they take only five to 30 minutes and are often delivered by a non‐specialist. | Brief interventions are based on MI but they take only ten to 30 minutes and are often delivered by a non‐specialist. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_16 | yes | Six of the studies were funded by the National Institutes for Health or by the Health Research Board; one study did not report its funding source. | Seven of the studies were funded by the National Institutes for Health or by the Health Research Board; one study did not report its funding source. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_17 | no | We found that the talking therapies led to no differences, or only small differences, for the outcomes assessed. | We found that the talking therapies led to significant differences, or only small differences, for the outcomes assessed. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_18 | yes | These included abstinence, reduced drinking, and substance use. | These included abstinence, increased drinking, and substance use. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_19 | no | One study found that there may be no difference between CBCST and the twelve‐step programme. | One study found that there may be no difference between CBCST and the eight‐step programme. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_20 | no | Three studies found that there may be no difference between brief intervention and usual treatment. | Five studies found that there may be no difference between brief intervention and usual treatment. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_21 | no | Three studies found that there may be no difference between MI and usual treatment or education only. | Five studies found that there may be no difference between MI and usual treatment or education only. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_22 | no | One study found that BMI is probably better at reducing alcohol use than usual treatment (needle exchange), but found no differences in other outcomes. | One study found that BMI is probably better at reducing alcohol use than usual treatment (methadone maintenance), but found no differences in other outcomes. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_23 | yes | One study found that intensive MI may be somewhat better than standard MI at reducing severity of alcohol use disorder among women, but not among men and found no differences in other outcomes. | One study found that intensive MI may be somewhat worse than standard MI at reducing severity of alcohol use disorder among women, but not among men and found no differences in other outcomes. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t20 | t20_24 | yes | It remains uncertain whether talking therapies reduce alcohol and drug use in people who also have problems with other drugs. | It remains uncertain whether talking therapies increase alcohol and drug use in people who also have problems with other drugs. | Problem alcohol use is common among people who use illicit drugs (PWID) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. It is also an important factor contributing to a poor prognosis among drug users with hepatitis C virus (HCV) as it impacts on progression to hepatic cirrhosis or opioid overdose in PWID. Objectives T... |
t21 | t21_1 | yes | Cognitive impairment is when people have problems remembering, learning, concentrating and making decisions. | Cognitive impairment is when people have problems remembering, learning, concentrating and avoiding decisions. | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzhei... |
t21 | t21_2 | yes | People with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) generally have more memory problems than other people of their age, but these problems are not severe enough to be classified as dementia. | People with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) generally have fewer memory problems than other people of their age, but these problems are not severe enough to be classified as dementia. | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzhei... |
t21 | t21_3 | no | Studies have shown that people with MCI and loss of memory are more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease dementia (approximately 10% to 15% of cases per year) than people without MCI (1% to 2% per year). | Studies have shown that people with MCI and loss of memory are more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease dementia (approximately 20% to 25% of cases per year) than people without MCI (1% to 2% per year). | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzhei... |
t21 | t21_4 | yes | Currently, the only reliable way of diagnosing Alzheimer's disease dementia is to follow people with MCI and assess cognitive changes over the years. | Currently, the only reliable way of diagnosing Alzheimer's disease dementia is to follow people with MCI and ignore cognitive changes over the years. | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzhei... |
t21 | t21_5 | yes | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may detect changes in the brain structures that indicate the beginning of Alzheimer's disease. | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may detect changes in the brain structures that indicate the end of Alzheimer's disease. | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzhei... |
t21 | t21_6 | yes | Early diagnosis of MCI due to Alzheimer's disease is important because people with MCI could benefit from early treatment to prevent or delay cognitive decline. | Early diagnosis of MCI due to Parkinson's disease is important because people with MCI could benefit from early treatment to prevent or delay cognitive decline. | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzhei... |
t21 | t21_7 | no | To assess the diagnostic accuracy of MRI for the early diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease in people with MCI. | To assess the diagnostic accuracy of MRI for the early diagnosis of dementia due to Parkinson's disease in people with MCI. | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzhei... |
t21 | t21_8 | no | The volume of several brain regions was measured with MRI. | The volume of several brain regions was not measured with MRI. | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzhei... |
t21 | t21_9 | no | Most studies (22 studies, 2209 participants) measured the volume of the hippocampus, a region of the brain that is associated primarily with memory. | Most studies (30 studies, 3000 participants) measured the volume of the hippocampus, a region of the brain that is associated primarily with memory. | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzhei... |
t21 | t21_10 | yes | Thirty‐three studies were eligible, in which 3935 participants with MCI were included and followed up for two or three years to see if they developed Alzheimer's disease dementia. | Thirty‐three studies were eligible, in which 4820 participants with MCI were included and followed up for two or three years to see if they developed Alzheimer's disease dementia. | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzhei... |
t21 | t21_11 | no | About a third of them converted to Alzheimer's disease dementia, and the others did not or developed other types of dementia. | About a quarter of them converted to Alzheimer's disease dementia, and the others did not or developed other types of dementia. | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzhei... |
t21 | t21_12 | no | We found that MRI is not accurate enough to identify people with MCI who will develop dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. | We found that MRI is not accurate enough to identify people with MCI who will not develop dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzhei... |
t21 | t21_13 | yes | The correct prediction of Alzheimer's disease would be missed in 81 out of 300 people with MCI (false negatives) and a wrong prediction of Alzheimer's disease would be made in 203 out of 700 people with MCI (false positives). | The correct prediction of Alzheimer's disease would be missed in 90 out of 300 people with MCI (false negatives) and a wrong prediction of Alzheimer's disease would be made in 210 out of 700 people with MCI (false positives). | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzhei... |
t21 | t21_14 | yes | As a result, people with a false‐negative diagnosis would be falsely reassured and would not prepare themselves to cope with Alzheimer's disease, while those with a false‐positive diagnosis would suffer from the wrongly anticipated diagnosis. | As a result, people with a false‐negative diagnosis would be falsely reassured and would not prepare themselves to cope with Parkinson's disease, while those with a false‐positive diagnosis would suffer from the wrongly anticipated diagnosis. | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzhei... |
t21 | t21_15 | yes | The included studies diagnosed Alzheimer's disease dementia by assessing all participants with standard clinical criteria after two or three years' follow‐up. | The included studies diagnosed Alzheimer's disease dementia by assessing all participants with standard clinical criteria after five or six years' follow‐up. | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzhei... |
t21 | t21_16 | yes | We had some concerns about how the studies were conducted, since the participants were mainly selected from clinical registries and referral centres, and we also had concerns about how studies interpreted MRI. | We had some concerns about how the studies were conducted, since the participants were mainly selected from clinical registries and referral centres, and we also had concerns about how studies misinterpreted MRI. | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzhei... |
t21 | t21_17 | yes | Moreover, the studies were conducted differently from each other, and they used different methods to select people with MCI and perform MRI. | Moreover, the studies were conducted differently from each other, and they used different methods to select people with Alzheimer's disease and perform MRI. | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzhei... |
t21 | t21_18 | yes | The results do not apply to people with MCI in the community, but only to people with MCI who attend memory clinics or referral centres. | The results do not apply to people with MCI in the community, but only to people with MCI who avoid memory clinics or referral centres. | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzhei... |
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