Target_Summary_ID stringclasses 200
values | Target_Sentence_Index stringlengths 4 7 | External stringclasses 2
values | Target_Sentence_factual stringlengths 19 592 | Target_Sentence_non_factual stringlengths 19 592 | Original_Abstract stringclasses 200
values |
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t29 | t29_7 | yes | People with non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia have higher levels of foetal haemoglobin (the main form of haemoglobin found during the development of a baby before birth). | People with non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia have lower levels of foetal haemoglobin (the main form of haemoglobin found during the development of a baby before birth). | Non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia is a subset of inherited haemoglobin disorders characterised by reduced production of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule leading to anaemia of varying severity. Although blood transfusion is not a necessity for survival, it is required when episodes of chronic ... |
t29 | t29_8 | yes | After birth, foetal haemoglobin gradually disappears and is replaced by the defective adult haemoglobin. | After birth, foetal haemoglobin gradually disappears and is replaced by the normal adult haemoglobin. | Non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia is a subset of inherited haemoglobin disorders characterised by reduced production of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule leading to anaemia of varying severity. Although blood transfusion is not a necessity for survival, it is required when episodes of chronic ... |
t29 | t29_9 | yes | A small amount of foetal haemoglobin remains after birth and is often present in people with non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia. | A large amount of foetal haemoglobin remains after birth and is often present in people with non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia. | Non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia is a subset of inherited haemoglobin disorders characterised by reduced production of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule leading to anaemia of varying severity. Although blood transfusion is not a necessity for survival, it is required when episodes of chronic ... |
t29 | t29_10 | no | The higher the level of foetal haemoglobin the less transfusion could be needed. | The higher the level of foetal haemoglobin the more transfusion could be needed. | Non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia is a subset of inherited haemoglobin disorders characterised by reduced production of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule leading to anaemia of varying severity. Although blood transfusion is not a necessity for survival, it is required when episodes of chronic ... |
t29 | t29_11 | yes | Hydroxyurea is an anti‐cancer treatment which increases the level of foetal haemoglobin. | Hydroxyurea is an anti‐cancer treatment which decreases the level of foetal haemoglobin. | Non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia is a subset of inherited haemoglobin disorders characterised by reduced production of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule leading to anaemia of varying severity. Although blood transfusion is not a necessity for survival, it is required when episodes of chronic ... |
t29 | t29_12 | yes | Therefore, it might reduce the need for blood transfusion in people with non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia. | Therefore, it might increase the need for blood transfusion in people with non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia. | Non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia is a subset of inherited haemoglobin disorders characterised by reduced production of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule leading to anaemia of varying severity. Although blood transfusion is not a necessity for survival, it is required when episodes of chronic ... |
t29 | t29_13 | yes | However, it is not known whether hydroxyurea is effective and safe and if so, which is the best dose and at which age treatment should start. | However, it is not known whether hydroxyurea is effective and harmful and if so, which is the best dose and at which age treatment should start. | Non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia is a subset of inherited haemoglobin disorders characterised by reduced production of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule leading to anaemia of varying severity. Although blood transfusion is not a necessity for survival, it is required when episodes of chronic ... |
t29 | t29_14 | yes | We did not find any randomised controlled trials (where people taking part in the trial have equal chances of being in the treatment or the control group) comparing hydroxyurea with a placebo (a dummy drug) or usual care. | We did not find any randomised controlled trials (where people taking part in the trial have equal chances of being in the treatment or the control group) comparing methotrexate with a placebo (a dummy drug) or usual care. | Non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia is a subset of inherited haemoglobin disorders characterised by reduced production of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule leading to anaemia of varying severity. Although blood transfusion is not a necessity for survival, it is required when episodes of chronic ... |
t29 | t29_15 | no | However, we found one randomised controlled trial comparing two different doses of hydroxyurea (10 mg/kg/day versus 20 mg/kg/day given for 24 weeks) and included it in this review. | However, we found one randomised controlled trial comparing two different doses of hydroxyurea (15 mg/kg/day versus 25 mg/kg/day given for 24 weeks) and included it in this review. | Non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia is a subset of inherited haemoglobin disorders characterised by reduced production of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule leading to anaemia of varying severity. Although blood transfusion is not a necessity for survival, it is required when episodes of chronic ... |
t29 | t29_16 | no | A total of 61 people took part in this trial. | A total of 75 people took part in this trial. | Non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia is a subset of inherited haemoglobin disorders characterised by reduced production of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule leading to anaemia of varying severity. Although blood transfusion is not a necessity for survival, it is required when episodes of chronic ... |
t29 | t29_17 | no | The lower dose of hydroxyurea appeared to increase levels of foetal haemoglobin, but the higher dose did not. | The lower dose of hydroxyurea appeared to decrease levels of foetal haemoglobin, but the higher dose did not. | Non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia is a subset of inherited haemoglobin disorders characterised by reduced production of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule leading to anaemia of varying severity. Although blood transfusion is not a necessity for survival, it is required when episodes of chronic ... |
t29 | t29_18 | yes | We found some evidence that the higher dose was harmful, particularly to the bone marrow. | We found some evidence that the lower dose was harmful, particularly to the bone marrow. | Non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia is a subset of inherited haemoglobin disorders characterised by reduced production of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule leading to anaemia of varying severity. Although blood transfusion is not a necessity for survival, it is required when episodes of chronic ... |
t29 | t29_19 | no | The trial did not look at whether blood transfusions could be given less often or whether the effects of the anaemia were reduced. | The trial did not look at whether blood transfusions could be given more often or whether the effects of the anaemia were reduced. | Non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia is a subset of inherited haemoglobin disorders characterised by reduced production of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule leading to anaemia of varying severity. Although blood transfusion is not a necessity for survival, it is required when episodes of chronic ... |
t29 | t29_20 | yes | In the short term, the lower dose does not appear to have any side effects. | In the short term, the higher dose does not appear to have any side effects. | Non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia is a subset of inherited haemoglobin disorders characterised by reduced production of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule leading to anaemia of varying severity. Although blood transfusion is not a necessity for survival, it is required when episodes of chronic ... |
t30 | t30_1 | no | We reviewed the evidence for the effect of omalizumab on people with asthma when compared with placebo. | We reviewed the evidence for the effect of albuterol on people with asthma when compared with placebo. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_2 | yes | We focused on whether omalizumab is a beneficial but safe treatment for adults and children with asthma. | We focused on whether omalizumab is a harmful but safe treatment for adults and children with asthma. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_3 | no | Asthma is a respiratory condition that affects millions of people worldwide. | Asthma is a respiratory condition that does not affect millions of people worldwide. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_4 | yes | It is thought that allergy may be an important part of the disease for many people with asthma. | It is thought that allergy may not be an important part of the disease for many people with asthma. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_5 | yes | Omalizumab is a drug that targets a protein, called IgE, and removes it from free circulation in the body. | Omalizumab is a drug that targets a protein, called IgE, and retains it in free circulation in the body. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_6 | yes | IgE is centrally involved in allergy. | IgE is not centrally involved in allergy. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_7 | yes | Omalizumab is an expensive drug that is usually given by injection under the skin every two to four weeks. | Omalizumab is an expensive drug that is usually given by injection under the skin every three to six weeks. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_8 | no | It is licenced for use in asthma sufferers who are not being adequately treated with standard therapy and who require frequent courses or continuous use of oral steroid tablets. | It is licenced for use in asthma sufferers who are not being adequately treated with standard therapy and who require infrequent courses or continuous use of oral steroid tablets. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_9 | no | We looked for evidence on whether administration of omalizumab is better or worse than giving placebo. | We looked for evidence on whether administration of omalizumab is better or worse than giving aspirin. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_10 | no | Twenty‐five studies, involving 6382 people, were included in this review. | Thirty studies, involving 6382 people, were included in this review. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_11 | yes | These studies lasted between eight and 60 weeks. | These studies lasted between eight and 45 weeks. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_12 | no | All of the people included in the studies had asthma, of different severity. | None of the people included in the studies had asthma, of different severity. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_13 | yes | Both men and women were included, and some of the studies included children and young people. | Both men and women were included, and none of the studies included children and young people. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_14 | yes | All studies compared omalizumab versus placebo. | All studies compared omalizumab versus corticosteroids. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_15 | yes | In keeping with current medical practice, most studies (21 of 25) used omalizumab given by injection under the skin. | In keeping with current medical practice, most studies (18 of 25) used omalizumab given by injection under the skin. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_16 | no | Some of the older studies used omalizumab injected into a vein or given by inhalation. | Some of the older studies used cetirizine injected into a vein or given by inhalation. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_17 | yes | Most of the studies were sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry. | Most of the studies were not sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_18 | no | We found that people receiving omalizumab were less likely to have a flare‐up (‘exacerbation’) of their asthma. | We found that people receiving montelukast were less likely to have a flare‐up (‘exacerbation’) of their asthma. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_19 | no | For example, on average, 26 of 100 people who were receiving placebo (over a 16 to 60‐week period) had an exacerbation compared with an average of 16 of 100 people receiving omalizumab. | For example, on average, 30 of 100 people who were receiving placebo (over a 16 to 60‐week period) had an exacerbation compared with an average of 16 of 100 people receiving omalizumab. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_20 | no | People receiving omalizumab were also more likely to be able to reduce the doses of inhaled steroids. | People receiving omalizumab were also less likely to be able to reduce the doses of inhaled steroids. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_21 | yes | For example, on average, 21 of 100 people with moderate or severe asthma who were receiving placebo were able to completely stop their inhaled steroids (over a 28 to 32‐week period) compared with an average of 40 of 100 receiving omalizumab. | For example, on average, 25 of 100 people with moderate or severe asthma who were receiving placebo were able to completely stop their inhaled steroids (over a 28 to 32‐week period) compared with an average of 40 of 100 receiving omalizumab. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_22 | no | People receiving omalizumab also experienced improvement in their asthma symptoms and in their health‐related quality of life. | People receiving omalizumab also experienced deterioration in their asthma symptoms and in their health‐related quality of life. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_23 | yes | People receiving omalizumab were no more or less likely to have unwanted side effects overall. | People receiving omalizumab were no more or less likely to have desired side effects overall. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_24 | no | However, people receiving omalizumab were more likely to have skin reactions at the site of the injection. | However, people receiving omalizumab were less likely to have skin reactions at the site of the injection. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_25 | yes | Perhaps unfortunately, many of the trials in this review included participants with moderate asthma, and this drug is not licenced for this group. | Perhaps unfortunately, many of the trials in this review included participants with severe asthma, and this drug is not licenced for this group. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t30 | t30_26 | yes | More trials need to focus on whether this drug is effective in people with the most severe asthma; evidence for efficacy in this group is poor, in spite of current guidelines. | More trials need to focus on whether this drug is effective in people with the most severe asthma; evidence for efficacy in this group is excellent, in spite of current guidelines. | Asthma is a respiratory (airway) condition that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is called an 'anti‐IgE' drug. IgE is an immune mediator involved... |
t31 | t31_1 | no | Stroke is a major cause of disability. | Stroke is not a major cause of disability. | Stroke is a major cause of adult disability. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used for many years to manage depression and other mood disorders after stroke. The 2012 Cochrane Review of SSRIs for stroke recovery demonstrated positive effects on recovery, even in people who were not depressed at... |
t31 | t31_2 | yes | Stroke‐related disability can include difficulty with daily tasks such as toileting, washing, and walking. | Stroke‐related disability can include difficulty with daily tasks such as toileting, washing, and running. | Stroke is a major cause of adult disability. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used for many years to manage depression and other mood disorders after stroke. The 2012 Cochrane Review of SSRIs for stroke recovery demonstrated positive effects on recovery, even in people who were not depressed at... |
t31 | t31_3 | yes | Sometimes disability is so severe that a person becomes dependent on others for performing basic activities (this is known as 'dependence'). | Sometimes disability is so mild that a person becomes independent of others for performing basic activities (this is known as 'dependence'). | Stroke is a major cause of adult disability. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used for many years to manage depression and other mood disorders after stroke. The 2012 Cochrane Review of SSRIs for stroke recovery demonstrated positive effects on recovery, even in people who were not depressed at... |
t31 | t31_4 | yes | Our previous Cochrane Review published in 2012 suggested that SSRI drugs (a class of drug usually used to treat mood problems, which work by changing the level of chemicals in the brain), might improve recovery after stroke, thereby reducing disability and increasing the chance of being independent after a stroke, Howe... | Our previous Cochrane Review published in 2012 suggested that SNRI drugs (a class of drug usually used to treat mood problems, which work by changing the level of chemicals in the brain), might improve recovery after stroke, thereby reducing disability and increasing the chance of being independent after a stroke, Howe... | Stroke is a major cause of adult disability. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used for many years to manage depression and other mood disorders after stroke. The 2012 Cochrane Review of SSRIs for stroke recovery demonstrated positive effects on recovery, even in people who were not depressed at... |
t31 | t31_5 | yes | A large trial recruiting more than 3000 participants has now been completed and so it is necessary to update this review. | A large trial recruiting more than 5000 participants has now been completed and so it is necessary to update this review. | Stroke is a major cause of adult disability. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used for many years to manage depression and other mood disorders after stroke. The 2012 Cochrane Review of SSRIs for stroke recovery demonstrated positive effects on recovery, even in people who were not depressed at... |
t31 | t31_6 | yes | In our main analyses we decided to include only high‐quality trials, that is those which used rigorous methods to avoid biases (such as the person assessing outcome being aware of whether the stroke survivor received the active drug or placebo). | In our main analyses we decided to include only high‐quality trials, that is those which used rigorous methods to avoid biases (such as the person assessing outcome being unaware of whether the stroke survivor received the active drug or placebo). | Stroke is a major cause of adult disability. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used for many years to manage depression and other mood disorders after stroke. The 2012 Cochrane Review of SSRIs for stroke recovery demonstrated positive effects on recovery, even in people who were not depressed at... |
t31 | t31_7 | no | In this review, we refer to them as 'low risk of bias' trials. | In this review, we refer to them as 'high risk of bias' trials. | Stroke is a major cause of adult disability. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used for many years to manage depression and other mood disorders after stroke. The 2012 Cochrane Review of SSRIs for stroke recovery demonstrated positive effects on recovery, even in people who were not depressed at... |
t31 | t31_8 | yes | If disability and dependency can be improved by a simple drug, this could have a major impact on quality of life for many stroke survivors. | If disability and dependency cannot be improved by a simple drug, this could have a major impact on quality of life for many stroke survivors. | Stroke is a major cause of adult disability. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used for many years to manage depression and other mood disorders after stroke. The 2012 Cochrane Review of SSRIs for stroke recovery demonstrated positive effects on recovery, even in people who were not depressed at... |
t31 | t31_9 | yes | We also wanted to find out whether SSRIs had other benefits, for example improving the severity of any arm or leg weakness, mood, anxiety, quality of life, and also whether SSRIs were associated with side effects such as bleeding or seizures. | We also wanted to find out whether SSRIs had other benefits, for example improving the severity of any arm or leg weakness, mood, anxiety, quality of life, and also whether SSRIs were associated with side effects such as bleeding or hallucinations. | Stroke is a major cause of adult disability. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used for many years to manage depression and other mood disorders after stroke. The 2012 Cochrane Review of SSRIs for stroke recovery demonstrated positive effects on recovery, even in people who were not depressed at... |
t31 | t31_10 | no | In total we found 63 trials recruiting 9168 stroke survivors within one year of their stroke. | In total we found 78 trials recruiting 9168 stroke survivors within one year of their stroke. | Stroke is a major cause of adult disability. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used for many years to manage depression and other mood disorders after stroke. The 2012 Cochrane Review of SSRIs for stroke recovery demonstrated positive effects on recovery, even in people who were not depressed at... |
t31 | t31_11 | no | There was a wide age range. | There was a narrow age range. | Stroke is a major cause of adult disability. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used for many years to manage depression and other mood disorders after stroke. The 2012 Cochrane Review of SSRIs for stroke recovery demonstrated positive effects on recovery, even in people who were not depressed at... |
t31 | t31_12 | no | About half the trials required participants to have depression to enter the trial. | About half the trials required participants to not have depression to enter the trial. | Stroke is a major cause of adult disability. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used for many years to manage depression and other mood disorders after stroke. The 2012 Cochrane Review of SSRIs for stroke recovery demonstrated positive effects on recovery, even in people who were not depressed at... |
t31 | t31_13 | no | The duration, drug, and dose varied between trials. | The duration, drug, and dose remained consistent between trials. | Stroke is a major cause of adult disability. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used for many years to manage depression and other mood disorders after stroke. The 2012 Cochrane Review of SSRIs for stroke recovery demonstrated positive effects on recovery, even in people who were not depressed at... |
t31 | t31_14 | no | However, only three of these trials were at low risk of bias; the participants in these trials did not have to be depressed to enter the trial, and they were all recruited soon after the stroke. | However, only five of these trials were at low risk of bias; the participants in these trials did not have to be depressed to enter the trial, and they were all recruited soon after the stroke. | Stroke is a major cause of adult disability. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used for many years to manage depression and other mood disorders after stroke. The 2012 Cochrane Review of SSRIs for stroke recovery demonstrated positive effects on recovery, even in people who were not depressed at... |
t31 | t31_15 | no | When we combined data from these three studies at low risk of bias, which recruited 3249 participants, SSRIs did not affect disability score or dependency. | When we combined data from these three studies at low risk of bias, which recruited 4120 participants, SSRIs did not affect disability score or dependency. | Stroke is a major cause of adult disability. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used for many years to manage depression and other mood disorders after stroke. The 2012 Cochrane Review of SSRIs for stroke recovery demonstrated positive effects on recovery, even in people who were not depressed at... |
t31 | t31_16 | yes | SSRIs reduced the risk of future depression but increased the risk of problems with the digestive system. | SSRIs reduced the risk of future depression but decreased the risk of problems with the digestive system. | Stroke is a major cause of adult disability. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used for many years to manage depression and other mood disorders after stroke. The 2012 Cochrane Review of SSRIs for stroke recovery demonstrated positive effects on recovery, even in people who were not depressed at... |
t32 | t32_1 | yes | The veins of the leg are designed to return blood from the leg upwards towards the heart. | The veins of the leg are designed to return blood from the leg downwards towards the heart. | Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of t... |
t32 | t32_2 | yes | Blood is under the force of gravity and, left to itself, would flow downwards. | Blood is under the force of gravity and, left to itself, would not flow downwards. | Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of t... |
t32 | t32_3 | yes | Valves within the veins normally prevent blood from flowing downwards (i.e. backwards), however, if these valves become leaky, pressure within the veins increases. | Valves within the veins normally prevent blood from flowing downwards (i.e. backwards), however, if these valves become leaky, pressure within the veins decreases. | Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of t... |
t32 | t32_4 | yes | This high pressure causes swelling, thickening and damage to skin, which may break down to form ulcers. | This low pressure causes swelling, thickening and damage to skin, which may break down to form ulcers. | Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of t... |
t32 | t32_5 | yes | Venous leg ulcers are associated with pain and mobility restrictions that affect quality of life. | Venous leg ulcers are associated with pain and mobility restrictions that do not affect quality of life. | Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of t... |
t32 | t32_6 | yes | Compression of legs with bandages or medical stockings helps to move the blood upwards, and reduces pressure in the veins and tissues. | Compression of legs with bandages or medical stockings hinders the movement of the blood upwards, and reduces pressure in the veins and tissues. | Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of t... |
t32 | t32_7 | no | This treatment has been shown to improve ulcer healing. | This treatment has been shown to worsen ulcer healing. | Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of t... |
t32 | t32_8 | yes | Compression is unpopular because it can be uncomfortable, and only provides a benefit while the bandages or hosiery are worn. | Compression is unpopular because it can be uncomfortable, and does not provide a benefit while the bandages or hosiery are worn. | Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of t... |
t32 | t32_9 | yes | Even with compression treatment, healing of venous ulcers may still take a long time, and ulcers often come back. | Even with compression treatment, healing of venous ulcers may still take a short time, and ulcers often come back. | Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of t... |
t32 | t32_10 | yes | Traditionally, surgery for venous disease involves removing the veins from the leg. | Traditionally, surgery for venous disease does not involve removing the veins from the leg. | Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of t... |
t32 | t32_11 | yes | The blood is then diverted through the remaining healthy veins. | The blood is then diverted through the remaining unhealthy veins. | Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of t... |
t32 | t32_12 | yes | This reduces the pressure in the veins and helps prevent ulcers that have healed from coming back. | This increases the pressure in the veins and helps prevent ulcers that have healed from coming back. | Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of t... |
t32 | t32_13 | yes | Generally, this surgery is performed under a general anaesthetic and involves a period of recovery. | Generally, this surgery is performed under a local anaesthetic and involves a period of recovery. | Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of t... |
t32 | t32_14 | yes | Some people, particularly the elderly, are less suitable for general anaesthetic and may be at risk of age‐related complications or a prolonged and difficult recovery. | Some people, particularly the elderly, are less suitable for general anaesthetic and may not be at risk of age‐related complications or a prolonged and difficult recovery. | Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of t... |
t32 | t32_15 | yes | Newer 'keyhole' surgical techniques destroy the veins with heat, and require only local anaesthesia. | Newer 'keyhole' surgical techniques preserve the veins with heat, and require only local anaesthesia. | Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of t... |
t32 | t32_16 | yes | These treatments have been shown to be as effective as surgery in the treatment of varicose veins in the absence of ulcers, and result in less pain than traditional surgery. | These treatments have not been shown to be as effective as surgery in the treatment of varicose veins in the absence of ulcers, and result in less pain than traditional surgery. | Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of t... |
t32 | t32_17 | yes | Since a general anaesthetic can be avoided, there is also a reduced risk associated with the anaesthetic procedure, and the recovery period is shorter. | Since a general anaesthetic can be avoided, there is also an increased risk associated with the anaesthetic procedure, and the recovery period is shorter. | Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of t... |
t32 | t32_18 | yes | The purpose of this review was to compare the effectiveness of these new, minimally invasive surgical techniques with compression therapy for the management of venous leg ulcers. | The purpose of this review was to compare the effectiveness of these new, minimally invasive surgical techniques with radiation therapy for the management of venous leg ulcers. | Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of t... |
t32 | t32_19 | yes | We wanted to see how well the different treatments work in terms of ulcer healing and recurrence rates. | We wanted to see how poorly the different treatments work in terms of ulcer healing and recurrence rates. | Venous leg ulcers represent the worst extreme within the spectrum of chronic venous disease. Affecting up to 3% of the adult population, this typically chronic, recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, and its treatment places a heavy financial burden upon healthcare systems. The current mainstay of t... |
t33 | t33_1 | yes | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is a bacterium that can live harmlessly in the colon, but when an individual takes an antibiotic for another condition, the C. difficile can grow and replace most of the normal bacterial flora that live in the colon. | Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a bacterium that can live harmlessly in the colon, but when an individual takes an antibiotic for another condition, the C. difficile can grow and eliminate some of the normal bacterial flora that live in the colon. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_2 | yes | This overgrowth causes C. difficile ‐associated diarrhoea (also known as C. difficile infection ‐ CDI). | This overgrowth causes E. coli‐associated diarrhoea (also known as E. coli infection ‐ CDI). | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_3 | yes | The symptoms of CDI include diarrhoea, fever and pain. | The symptoms of CDI include diarrhoea, fever and relief. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_4 | yes | CDI may be only mild but in many cases is very serious and, if untreated, can be fatal. | CDI may be only mild but in many cases is very serious and, if untreated, cannot be fatal. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_5 | yes | There are many proposed treatments for CDI, but the most common are withdrawing the antibiotic that caused the CDI and prescribing an antibiotic that kills the bacterium. | There are many proposed treatments for CDI, but the most common are withdrawing the antibiotic that caused the CDI and prescribing an antibiotic that inhibits the bacterium. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_6 | yes | Many antibiotics have been tested in clinical trials for effectiveness and this review studies the comparisons of these antibiotics. | Many antibiotics have not been tested in clinical trials for effectiveness and this review studies the comparisons of these antibiotics. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_7 | no | This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. | This review is an update of a previously published WHO review. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_8 | no | Methods We searched the medical literature up to 26 January 2017. | Methods We searched the medical literature up to 15 January 2017. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_9 | yes | All randomised trials that compare two different antibiotics, or variations in dosing of a single antibiotic for treatment of CDI were included. | All randomised trials that compare two different antivirals, or variations in dosing of a single antibiotic for treatment of CDI were included. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_10 | yes | Trials comparing antibiotic to placebo (e.g. a sugar pill) or no treatment were sought but, save for one poor quality placebo‐controlled trial, none were found. | Trials comparing antibiotic to placebo (e.g. a sugar pill) or no treatment were sought but, save for one high-quality placebo‐controlled trial, none were found. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_11 | yes | Trials that compared antibiotics to a non‐antibiotic treatment were not included. | Trials that compared antivirals to a non‐antibiotic treatment were not included. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_12 | no | Results Twenty‐two studies (total 3215 participants) were included. | Results Twenty‐two studies (total 4215 participants) were included. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_13 | no | The majority of studies enrolled participants with mild to moderate CDI who could tolerate oral antibiotics. | The majority of studies enrolled participants with severe to moderate CDI who could tolerate oral antibiotics. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_14 | no | Sixteen of the included studies excluded participants with severe CDI and few participants with severe CDI were included in the other studies. | Eighteen of the included studies excluded participants with severe CDI and few participants with severe CDI were included in the other studies. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_15 | no | Twelve different antibiotics were assessed. | Ten different antibiotics were assessed. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_16 | yes | Most of the studies compared vancomycin or metronidazole with other antibiotics. | Most of the studies compared vancomycin or amoxicillin with other antibiotics. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_17 | no | One small study compared vancomycin to placebo (e.g. sugar pill). | One small study compared vancomycin to ibuprofen (e.g. sugar pill). | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_18 | no | There were no other studies that compared antibiotic treatment to a placebo or a no treatment control group. | There were no other studies that compared antiviral treatment to a placebo or a no treatment control group. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_19 | no | Seventeen of the 22 included studies had quality issues. | Twenty of the 22 included studies had quality issues. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_20 | no | In four studies, vancomycin was found to be superior to metronidazole for achieving sustained symptomatic cure (defined as resolution of diarrhoea and no recurrence of CDI). | In six studies, vancomycin was found to be superior to metronidazole for achieving sustained symptomatic cure (defined as resolution of diarrhoea and no recurrence of CDI). | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_21 | no | A new antibiotic, fidaxomicin, was, in two large studies, found to be superior to vancomycin. | A new antibiotic, fidaxomicin, was, in two large studies, found to be inferior to vancomycin. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_22 | no | It should be noted that the differences in effectiveness between these antibiotics were not too great and that metronidazole is far less expensive than either vancomycin and fidaxomicin. | It should be noted that the differences in effectiveness between these antibiotics were not too great and that metronidazole is far more expensive than either vancomycin and fidaxomicin. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_23 | yes | A pooled analysis of two small studies suggests that teicoplanin may be more effective than vancomycin for achieving symptomatic cure. | A pooled analysis of two small studies suggests that teicoplanin may be less effective than vancomycin for achieving symptomatic cure. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_24 | yes | The quality of the evidence for the other seven antibiotics in this review was very poor because the studies were very small, and many patients dropped out of these studies before completion. | The quality of the evidence for the other nine antibiotics in this review was very poor because the studies were very small, and many patients dropped out of these studies before completion. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_25 | no | One hundred and forty deaths were reported in the studies, all of which were attributed to participants preexisting health problems. | One hundred and fifty deaths were reported in the studies, all of which were attributed to participants preexisting health problems. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
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