Target_Summary_ID stringclasses 200
values | Target_Sentence_Index stringlengths 4 7 | External stringclasses 2
values | Target_Sentence_factual stringlengths 19 592 | Target_Sentence_non_factual stringlengths 19 592 | Original_Abstract stringclasses 200
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t21 | t21_19 | yes | MRI, as a single test, is not accurate for the early diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease in people with MCI since one in three or four participants received a wrong diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. | MRI, as a single test, is not accurate for the early diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease in people with MCI since one in five or six participants received a wrong diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzhei... |
t21 | t21_20 | yes | Future research should not focus on a single test (such as MRI), but rather on combinations of tests to improve an early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia. | Future research should not focus on a single test (such as CT scan), but rather on combinations of tests to improve an early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia. | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease is the symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease dementia, characterised by cognitive and functional impairment not severe enough to fulfil the criteria for dementia. In clinical samples, people with amnestic MCI are at high risk of developing Alzhei... |
t22 | t22_1 | yes | NMIBC is a cancer (tumour) of the inner lining of the bladder that can be removed from the inside using small instruments and a light source, so‐called endoscopic surgery. | NMIBC is a cancer (tumour) of the inner lining of the bladder that cannot be removed from the inside using small instruments and a light source, so‐called endoscopic surgery. | Electromotive drug administration (EMDA) is the use of electrical current to improve the delivery of intravesical agents to reduce the risk of recurrence in people with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). It is unclear how effective this is in comparison to other forms of intravesical therapy. Objectives To ass... |
t22 | t22_2 | yes | These tumours can come back over time and spread into the deeper layers of the bladder wall. | These tumours cannot come back over time and spread into the deeper layers of the bladder wall. | Electromotive drug administration (EMDA) is the use of electrical current to improve the delivery of intravesical agents to reduce the risk of recurrence in people with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). It is unclear how effective this is in comparison to other forms of intravesical therapy. Objectives To ass... |
t22 | t22_3 | yes | We know that different types of medicines that we can put into the bladder help prevent this. | We know that different types of medicines that we can put into the bladder help worsen this. | Electromotive drug administration (EMDA) is the use of electrical current to improve the delivery of intravesical agents to reduce the risk of recurrence in people with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). It is unclear how effective this is in comparison to other forms of intravesical therapy. Objectives To ass... |
t22 | t22_4 | no | Investigators have looked at the use of an electrical current to make medicines work better. | Investigators have looked at the use of an electrical current to make medicines work worse. | Electromotive drug administration (EMDA) is the use of electrical current to improve the delivery of intravesical agents to reduce the risk of recurrence in people with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). It is unclear how effective this is in comparison to other forms of intravesical therapy. Objectives To ass... |
t22 | t22_5 | no | In this review, we wanted to discover whether using an electrical current was better or worse than not using an electrical current. | In this review, we wanted to discover whether using an electrical current was better or worse than using a magnetic field. | Electromotive drug administration (EMDA) is the use of electrical current to improve the delivery of intravesical agents to reduce the risk of recurrence in people with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). It is unclear how effective this is in comparison to other forms of intravesical therapy. Objectives To ass... |
t22 | t22_6 | yes | We found three studies that were conducted between 1994 and 2003 with 672 participants that compared five different ways of giving this treatment. | We found three studies that were conducted between 1994 and 2003 with 672 participants that compared seven different ways of giving this treatment. | Electromotive drug administration (EMDA) is the use of electrical current to improve the delivery of intravesical agents to reduce the risk of recurrence in people with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). It is unclear how effective this is in comparison to other forms of intravesical therapy. Objectives To ass... |
t22 | t22_7 | no | Mitomycin (MMC) was the only medicine used together with electrical current. | Doxorubicin (DOX) was the only medicine used together with electrical current. | Electromotive drug administration (EMDA) is the use of electrical current to improve the delivery of intravesical agents to reduce the risk of recurrence in people with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). It is unclear how effective this is in comparison to other forms of intravesical therapy. Objectives To ass... |
t22 | t22_8 | yes | We are very unsure whether the use of an electrical current to give a course of MMC after endoscopic surgery is better or worse compared to giving a course of Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG; vaccine usually used in tuberculosis) or MMC without electrical current. | We are very unsure whether the use of an electrical current to give a course of MMC after endoscopic surgery is better or worse compared to giving a course of Streptococcus pneumoniae (vaccine usually used in pneumonia) or MMC without electrical current. | Electromotive drug administration (EMDA) is the use of electrical current to improve the delivery of intravesical agents to reduce the risk of recurrence in people with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). It is unclear how effective this is in comparison to other forms of intravesical therapy. Objectives To ass... |
t22 | t22_9 | no | MMC given with electrical current together with BCG given over a long period of time may be better than BCG alone in delaying the tumour from coming back and from spreading into the deeper layer of the bladder wall. | MMC given with electrical current together with BCG given over a short period of time may be better than BCG alone in delaying the tumour from coming back and from spreading into the deeper layer of the bladder wall. | Electromotive drug administration (EMDA) is the use of electrical current to improve the delivery of intravesical agents to reduce the risk of recurrence in people with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). It is unclear how effective this is in comparison to other forms of intravesical therapy. Objectives To ass... |
t22 | t22_10 | no | Giving one dose of MMC with electrical current before endoscopic surgery may be better than one dose of MMC without electric current after surgery or surgery alone without further treatment. | Giving one dose of MMC with electrical current before endoscopic surgery may be worse than one dose of MMC without electric current after surgery or surgery alone without further treatment. | Electromotive drug administration (EMDA) is the use of electrical current to improve the delivery of intravesical agents to reduce the risk of recurrence in people with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). It is unclear how effective this is in comparison to other forms of intravesical therapy. Objectives To ass... |
t23 | t23_1 | no | Video communication software like Skype and FaceTime allows counsellors to see and hear people over the Internet to help them quit smoking. | Video communication software like Skype and FaceTime prevents counsellors from seeing and hearing people over the Internet to help them quit smoking. | Real‐time video communication software such as Skype and FaceTime transmits live video and audio over the Internet, allowing counsellors to provide support to help people quit smoking. There are more than four billion Internet users worldwide, and Internet users can download free video communication software, rendering... |
t23 | t23_2 | no | Video counselling could help large numbers of people to quit smoking because more than four billion people use the Internet, and video communication software is free. | Video counselling could help large numbers of people to quit smoking because more than three billion people use the Internet, and video communication software is free. | Real‐time video communication software such as Skype and FaceTime transmits live video and audio over the Internet, allowing counsellors to provide support to help people quit smoking. There are more than four billion Internet users worldwide, and Internet users can download free video communication software, rendering... |
t23 | t23_3 | no | Our main focus was to learn if video counselling delivered individually or to a group could help people quit smoking and to learn how it compared with other types of support to help people quit. | Our main focus was to learn if video counselling delivered individually or to a group could help people start smoking and to learn how it compared with other types of support to help people quit. | Real‐time video communication software such as Skype and FaceTime transmits live video and audio over the Internet, allowing counsellors to provide support to help people quit smoking. There are more than four billion Internet users worldwide, and Internet users can download free video communication software, rendering... |
t23 | t23_4 | no | We also studied the effect of real‐time video counselling on the number of times people tried to quit, the number of sessions they completed, their satisfaction with the counselling, their relationship or bond with the counsellor and the costs of using video communication to help people quit smoking. | We also studied the effect of real‐time video counselling on the number of times people tried to quit, the number of sessions they completed, their dissatisfaction with the counselling, their relationship or bond with the counsellor and the costs of using video communication to help people quit smoking. | Real‐time video communication software such as Skype and FaceTime transmits live video and audio over the Internet, allowing counsellors to provide support to help people quit smoking. There are more than four billion Internet users worldwide, and Internet users can download free video communication software, rendering... |
t23 | t23_5 | yes | Both studies took place in the USA, and included people from rural areas or women with HIV. | Both studies took place in the USA, and included people from urban areas or women with HIV. | Real‐time video communication software such as Skype and FaceTime transmits live video and audio over the Internet, allowing counsellors to provide support to help people quit smoking. There are more than four billion Internet users worldwide, and Internet users can download free video communication software, rendering... |
t23 | t23_6 | no | Both studies gave one‐to‐one video sessions to individuals. | Both studies gave two‐to‐one video sessions to individuals. | Real‐time video communication software such as Skype and FaceTime transmits live video and audio over the Internet, allowing counsellors to provide support to help people quit smoking. There are more than four billion Internet users worldwide, and Internet users can download free video communication software, rendering... |
t23 | t23_7 | yes | There were eight video sessions in one study and four video sessions in the other study. | There were ten video sessions in one study and six video sessions in the other study. | Real‐time video communication software such as Skype and FaceTime transmits live video and audio over the Internet, allowing counsellors to provide support to help people quit smoking. There are more than four billion Internet users worldwide, and Internet users can download free video communication software, rendering... |
t23 | t23_8 | yes | Both studies compared video counselling to telephone counselling and looked at whether people quit smoking, the number of sessions they completed and their satisfaction with the programme. | Both studies compared video counselling to telephone counselling and looked at whether people quit smoking, the number of sessions they completed and their dissatisfaction with the programme. | Real‐time video communication software such as Skype and FaceTime transmits live video and audio over the Internet, allowing counsellors to provide support to help people quit smoking. There are more than four billion Internet users worldwide, and Internet users can download free video communication software, rendering... |
t23 | t23_9 | no | One study examined the number of times people tried to quit and one study looked at the relationship or bond with the counsellor. | One study examined the number of times people tried to quit and one study looked at the conflict or bond with the counsellor. | Real‐time video communication software such as Skype and FaceTime transmits live video and audio over the Internet, allowing counsellors to provide support to help people quit smoking. There are more than four billion Internet users worldwide, and Internet users can download free video communication software, rendering... |
t23 | t23_10 | no | It is unclear how video counselling compares with telephone counselling in terms of helping people to quit smoking. | It is unclear how video counselling compares with telephone counselling in terms of helping people to start smoking. | Real‐time video communication software such as Skype and FaceTime transmits live video and audio over the Internet, allowing counsellors to provide support to help people quit smoking. There are more than four billion Internet users worldwide, and Internet users can download free video communication software, rendering... |
t23 | t23_11 | no | People who used video counselling were more likely than those who used telephone counselling to recommend the programme to a friend or someone in their family, but we found no differences in how satisfied they were, the number of video or telephone sessions completed, whether all sessions were completed and in the rela... | People who used video counselling were more likely than those who used telephone counselling to recommend the programme to a friend or someone in their family, but we found significant differences in how satisfied they were, the number of video or telephone sessions completed, whether all sessions were completed and in... | Real‐time video communication software such as Skype and FaceTime transmits live video and audio over the Internet, allowing counsellors to provide support to help people quit smoking. There are more than four billion Internet users worldwide, and Internet users can download free video communication software, rendering... |
t24 | t24_1 | yes | Lumbar puncture involves getting a sample of spinal fluid though a needle inserted into the lower back. | Lumbar puncture involves getting a sample of spinal fluid though a needle not inserted into the lower back. | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 8, 2011, on 'Drug therapy for treating post‐dural puncture headache'. Post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common complication of lumbar puncture, an invasive procedure frequently performed in the emergency room. Numerous pharmaceu... |
t24 | t24_2 | no | Post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common side effect of a lumbar puncture. | Post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the least common side effect of a lumbar puncture. | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 8, 2011, on 'Drug therapy for treating post‐dural puncture headache'. Post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common complication of lumbar puncture, an invasive procedure frequently performed in the emergency room. Numerous pharmaceu... |
t24 | t24_3 | yes | The symptom of PDPH is a constant headache that gets worse when upright and improves when lying down. | The symptom of PDPH is a constant headache that gets worse when upright and worsens when lying down. | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 8, 2011, on 'Drug therapy for treating post‐dural puncture headache'. Post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common complication of lumbar puncture, an invasive procedure frequently performed in the emergency room. Numerous pharmaceu... |
t24 | t24_4 | no | Lots of drugs are used to treat PDPH, so the aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of these drugs. | Lots of drugs are used to treat PDPH, so the aim of this review was to question the effectiveness of these drugs. | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 8, 2011, on 'Drug therapy for treating post‐dural puncture headache'. Post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common complication of lumbar puncture, an invasive procedure frequently performed in the emergency room. Numerous pharmaceu... |
t24 | t24_5 | no | We included 13 small randomised clinical trials (RCTs), with a total of 479 participants. | We included 15 small randomised clinical trials (RCTs), with a total of 479 participants. | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 8, 2011, on 'Drug therapy for treating post‐dural puncture headache'. Post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common complication of lumbar puncture, an invasive procedure frequently performed in the emergency room. Numerous pharmaceu... |
t24 | t24_6 | no | The trials assessed eight drugs: caffeine, sumatriptan, gabapentin, hydrocortisone, theophylline, adrenocorticotropic hormone, pregabalin and cosyntropin. | The trials assessed eight drugs: caffeine, sumatriptan, gabapentin, hydrocortisone, theophylline, adrenocorticotropic hormone, pregabalin and ibuprofen. | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 8, 2011, on 'Drug therapy for treating post‐dural puncture headache'. Post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common complication of lumbar puncture, an invasive procedure frequently performed in the emergency room. Numerous pharmaceu... |
t24 | t24_7 | yes | Caffeine proved to be effective in decreasing the number of people with PDPH and those requiring extra drugs (2 or 3 in 10 with caffeine compared to 9 in 10 with placebo). | Caffeine proved to be effective in decreasing the number of people with PDPH and those requiring extra drugs (5 or 6 in 10 with caffeine compared to 9 in 10 with placebo). | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 8, 2011, on 'Drug therapy for treating post‐dural puncture headache'. Post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common complication of lumbar puncture, an invasive procedure frequently performed in the emergency room. Numerous pharmaceu... |
t24 | t24_8 | no | Gabapentin, theophylline and hydrocortisone also proved to be effective, relieving pain better than placebo or conventional treatment alone. | Gabapentin, theophylline and hydrocortisone also proved to be ineffective, relieving pain worse than placebo or conventional treatment alone. | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 8, 2011, on 'Drug therapy for treating post‐dural puncture headache'. Post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common complication of lumbar puncture, an invasive procedure frequently performed in the emergency room. Numerous pharmaceu... |
t24 | t24_9 | yes | More people had better pain relief with theophylline (9 in 10 with theophylline compared to 4 in 10 with conventional treatment). | More people had better pain relief with theophylline (7 in 10 with theophylline compared to 4 in 10 with conventional treatment). | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 8, 2011, on 'Drug therapy for treating post‐dural puncture headache'. Post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common complication of lumbar puncture, an invasive procedure frequently performed in the emergency room. Numerous pharmaceu... |
t24 | t24_10 | no | No important side effects of these drugs were reported. | No important side effects of these vaccines were reported. | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 8, 2011, on 'Drug therapy for treating post‐dural puncture headache'. Post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common complication of lumbar puncture, an invasive procedure frequently performed in the emergency room. Numerous pharmaceu... |
t24 | t24_11 | no | The quality of the studies was difficult to assess due to the lack of information available. | The quality of the studies was easy to assess due to the lack of information available. | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 8, 2011, on 'Drug therapy for treating post‐dural puncture headache'. Post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common complication of lumbar puncture, an invasive procedure frequently performed in the emergency room. Numerous pharmaceu... |
t25 | t25_1 | no | We reviewed the evidence about the effect of bracing on pulmonary disorders (lung diseases), disability, back pain, quality of life, and psychological and cosmetic issues in adolescent with idiopathic scoliosis. | We reviewed the evidence about the effect of bracing on pulmonary disorders (lung diseases), disability, back pain, quality of life, and psychological and cosmetic issues in children with idiopathic scoliosis. | Idiopathic scoliosis is a three‐dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. However, in adulthood, if the final spinal curvature surpasses a cert... |
t25 | t25_2 | no | We looked at randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective controlled cohort studies (CCTs). | We looked at randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective controlled cohort studies (CCTs). | Idiopathic scoliosis is a three‐dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. However, in adulthood, if the final spinal curvature surpasses a cert... |
t25 | t25_3 | yes | Scoliosis is a condition where the spine is curved in three dimensions (from the back the spine appears to be shaped like an 's' and the trunk is deformed). | Scoliosis is a condition where the spine is curved in two dimensions (from the back the spine appears to be shaped like an 's' and the trunk is deformed). | Idiopathic scoliosis is a three‐dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. However, in adulthood, if the final spinal curvature surpasses a cert... |
t25 | t25_4 | yes | It is often idiopathic, which means the cause is unknown. | It is often idiopathic, which means the cause is known. | Idiopathic scoliosis is a three‐dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. However, in adulthood, if the final spinal curvature surpasses a cert... |
t25 | t25_5 | yes | The most common type of scoliosis is generally discovered around 10 years of age or older, and is defined as a curve that measures at least 10° (called a Cobb angle; measured on x‐ray). | The most common type of scoliosis is generally discovered around 12 years of age or older, and is defined as a curve that measures at least 10° (called a Cobb angle; measured on x‐ray). | Idiopathic scoliosis is a three‐dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. However, in adulthood, if the final spinal curvature surpasses a cert... |
t25 | t25_6 | yes | Because of the unknown cause and the age of diagnosis, it is called adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). | Because of the unknown cause and the age of diagnosis, it is called juvenile idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). | Idiopathic scoliosis is a three‐dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. However, in adulthood, if the final spinal curvature surpasses a cert... |
t25 | t25_7 | no | While there are usually no symptoms, the appearance of AIS frequently has a negative impact on adolescents. | While there are usually no symptoms, the appearance of AIS frequently has a positive impact on adolescents. | Idiopathic scoliosis is a three‐dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. However, in adulthood, if the final spinal curvature surpasses a cert... |
t25 | t25_8 | no | Increased curvature of the spine can present health risks in adulthood and in older people. | Decreased curvature of the spine can present health risks in adulthood and in older people. | Idiopathic scoliosis is a three‐dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. However, in adulthood, if the final spinal curvature surpasses a cert... |
t25 | t25_9 | yes | Braces are one intervention that may stop further progression of the curve. | Braces are one intervention that may not stop further progression of the curve. | Idiopathic scoliosis is a three‐dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. However, in adulthood, if the final spinal curvature surpasses a cert... |
t25 | t25_10 | yes | They generally need to be worn full time, with treatment lasting until the end of growth (most frequently, from a minimum of two to four/five years). | They generally need to be worn full time, with treatment lasting until the end of growth (most frequently, from a minimum of three to six years). | Idiopathic scoliosis is a three‐dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. However, in adulthood, if the final spinal curvature surpasses a cert... |
t25 | t25_11 | yes | However, bracing for this condition is still controversial, and questions remain about how effective it is. | However, bracing for this condition is still controversial, and questions remain about how ineffective it is. | Idiopathic scoliosis is a three‐dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. However, in adulthood, if the final spinal curvature surpasses a cert... |
t25 | t25_12 | yes | This review included seven studies, with a total of 662 adolescents of both genders. | This review included nine studies, with a total of 662 adolescents of both genders. | Idiopathic scoliosis is a three‐dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. However, in adulthood, if the final spinal curvature surpasses a cert... |
t25 | t25_13 | no | AIS from 15° to more than 45° curves were considered. | AIS from 20° to more than 50° curves were considered. | Idiopathic scoliosis is a three‐dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. However, in adulthood, if the final spinal curvature surpasses a cert... |
t25 | t25_14 | yes | Elastic, rigid (polyethylene), and very rigid (polycarbonate) braces were studied. | Elastic, rigid (polyethylene), and very rigid (polystyrene) braces were studied. | Idiopathic scoliosis is a three‐dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. However, in adulthood, if the final spinal curvature surpasses a cert... |
t25 | t25_15 | no | Quality of life was not affected during brace treatment (very low quality evidence); quality of life, back pain, and psychological and cosmetic issues did not change in the long term (very low quality evidence). | Quality of life was not affected during brace treatment (very low quality evidence); quality of life, back pain, and psychological and cosmetic issues improved in the long term (very low quality evidence). | Idiopathic scoliosis is a three‐dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. However, in adulthood, if the final spinal curvature surpasses a cert... |
t25 | t25_16 | no | Rigid bracing seems effective in 20° to 40° curves (low quality evidence), elastic bracing in 15° to 30° curves (low quality evidence), and very rigid bracing in high degree curves above 45° (very low quality evidence); rigid was more successful than an elastic bracing (low quality evidence), and a pad pressure control... | Rigid bracing seems effective in 25° to 50° curves (low quality evidence), elastic bracing in 10° to 25° curves (low quality evidence), and very rigid bracing in high degree curves above 50° (very low quality evidence); rigid was more successful than an elastic bracing (low quality evidence), and a pad pressure control... | Idiopathic scoliosis is a three‐dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. However, in adulthood, if the final spinal curvature surpasses a cert... |
t25 | t25_17 | yes | Primary outcomes such as pulmonary disorders, disability, back pain, psychological and cosmetic issues, and quality of life should be better evaluated in the future. | Primary outcomes such as pulmonary disorders, disability, back pain, psychological and cosmetic issues, and quality of life should not be better evaluated in the future. | Idiopathic scoliosis is a three‐dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. However, in adulthood, if the final spinal curvature surpasses a cert... |
t25 | t25_18 | no | Side effects, as well as the usefulness of exercises and other adjunctive treatments to bracing should be studied too. | Side effects, as well as the usefulness of exercises and other adjunctive treatments to surgery should be studied too. | Idiopathic scoliosis is a three‐dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. However, in adulthood, if the final spinal curvature surpasses a cert... |
t26 | t26_1 | yes | People are living longer, however, the very old often have many health problems and disabilities which result in them living and eventually dying in care homes. | People are living longer, however, the very young often have many health problems and disabilities which result in them living and eventually dying in care homes. | Residents of nursing care homes for older people are highly likely to die there, making these places where palliative care is needed. Objectives The primary objective was to determine effectiveness of multi‐component palliative care service delivery interventions for residents of care homes for older people. The second... |
t26 | t26_2 | no | Residents of such homes are highly likely to die there, making these places where palliative care is needed. | Residents of such homes are highly unlikely to die there, making these places where palliative care is needed. | Residents of nursing care homes for older people are highly likely to die there, making these places where palliative care is needed. Objectives The primary objective was to determine effectiveness of multi‐component palliative care service delivery interventions for residents of care homes for older people. The second... |
t26 | t26_3 | yes | Palliative care provides relief from pain and other distressing symptoms experienced by people reaching the end of life. | Palliative care does not provide relief from pain and other distressing symptoms experienced by people reaching the end of life. | Residents of nursing care homes for older people are highly likely to die there, making these places where palliative care is needed. Objectives The primary objective was to determine effectiveness of multi‐component palliative care service delivery interventions for residents of care homes for older people. The second... |
t26 | t26_4 | yes | Palliative care hopes to help people live as actively as possible until death, and their families cope with the illness and bereavement. | Palliative care hopes to help people live as actively as possible until death, and their families struggle with the illness and bereavement. | Residents of nursing care homes for older people are highly likely to die there, making these places where palliative care is needed. Objectives The primary objective was to determine effectiveness of multi‐component palliative care service delivery interventions for residents of care homes for older people. The second... |
t26 | t26_5 | no | The aim of this review was to see how effective palliative care interventions in care homes are, and to describe the outcome measures used in the studies. | The aim of this review was to see how ineffective palliative care interventions in care homes are, and to describe the outcome measures used in the studies. | Residents of nursing care homes for older people are highly likely to die there, making these places where palliative care is needed. Objectives The primary objective was to determine effectiveness of multi‐component palliative care service delivery interventions for residents of care homes for older people. The second... |
t26 | t26_6 | no | We found only three suitable studies (735 participants), all from the USA. | We found only five suitable studies (735 participants), all from the USA. | Residents of nursing care homes for older people are highly likely to die there, making these places where palliative care is needed. Objectives The primary objective was to determine effectiveness of multi‐component palliative care service delivery interventions for residents of care homes for older people. The second... |
t26 | t26_7 | yes | There was little evidence that interventions to improve palliative care for older people in care homes improved outcomes for residents. | There was little evidence that interventions to improve palliative care for younger people in care homes improved outcomes for residents. | Residents of nursing care homes for older people are highly likely to die there, making these places where palliative care is needed. Objectives The primary objective was to determine effectiveness of multi‐component palliative care service delivery interventions for residents of care homes for older people. The second... |
t26 | t26_8 | no | One study found that palliative care increased bereaved family members' perceptions of the quality of care and another found lower discomfort for residents with dementia who were dying. | One study found that palliative care decreased bereaved family members' perceptions of the quality of care and another found lower discomfort for residents with dementia who were dying. | Residents of nursing care homes for older people are highly likely to die there, making these places where palliative care is needed. Objectives The primary objective was to determine effectiveness of multi‐component palliative care service delivery interventions for residents of care homes for older people. The second... |
t26 | t26_9 | no | There were problems with both of these findings. | There were no problems with both of these findings. | Residents of nursing care homes for older people are highly likely to die there, making these places where palliative care is needed. Objectives The primary objective was to determine effectiveness of multi‐component palliative care service delivery interventions for residents of care homes for older people. The second... |
t26 | t26_10 | yes | Two studies found that palliative care improved some of the ways in which care was given in the care home, however, we do not know if this resulted in better outcomes for residents. | Two studies found that palliative care worsened some of the ways in which care was given in the care home, however, we do not know if this resulted in better outcomes for residents. | Residents of nursing care homes for older people are highly likely to die there, making these places where palliative care is needed. Objectives The primary objective was to determine effectiveness of multi‐component palliative care service delivery interventions for residents of care homes for older people. The second... |
t26 | t26_11 | no | There is a need for more high quality research, particularly outside the USA. | There is a need for more high quality research, particularly outside Canada. | Residents of nursing care homes for older people are highly likely to die there, making these places where palliative care is needed. Objectives The primary objective was to determine effectiveness of multi‐component palliative care service delivery interventions for residents of care homes for older people. The second... |
t27 | t27_1 | yes | Acute heart attacks and severe angina (heart pain) are usually due to blockages in the arteries supplying the heart (coronary arteries). | Acute heart attacks and severe angina (heart pain) are usually due to blockages in the veins supplying the heart (coronary arteries). | Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), includes acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is common and may prove fatal. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) will improve oxygen supply to the threatened heart and may reduce the volume of heart muscle that perishes. The addition of HBOT to standard treatment may reduce death... |
t27 | t27_2 | no | These problems are collectively referred to as 'acute coronary syndrome' (ACS). | These problems are collectively referred to as 'chronic coronary syndrome' (CCS). | Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), includes acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is common and may prove fatal. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) will improve oxygen supply to the threatened heart and may reduce the volume of heart muscle that perishes. The addition of HBOT to standard treatment may reduce death... |
t27 | t27_3 | no | ACS is very common and may lead to severe complications including death. | ACS is very rare and may lead to severe complications including death. | Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), includes acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is common and may prove fatal. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) will improve oxygen supply to the threatened heart and may reduce the volume of heart muscle that perishes. The addition of HBOT to standard treatment may reduce death... |
t27 | t27_4 | yes | Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) involves people breathing pure oxygen at high pressures in a specially designed chamber. | Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) involves people breathing pure oxygen at low pressures in a specially designed chamber. | Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), includes acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is common and may prove fatal. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) will improve oxygen supply to the threatened heart and may reduce the volume of heart muscle that perishes. The addition of HBOT to standard treatment may reduce death... |
t27 | t27_5 | yes | It is sometimes used as a treatment to increase the supply of oxygen to the damaged heart in an attempt to reduce the area of the heart that is at risk of dying. | It is sometimes used as a treatment to decrease the supply of oxygen to the damaged heart in an attempt to reduce the area of the heart that is at risk of dying. | Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), includes acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is common and may prove fatal. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) will improve oxygen supply to the threatened heart and may reduce the volume of heart muscle that perishes. The addition of HBOT to standard treatment may reduce death... |
t27 | t27_6 | no | We searched the medical literature for any studies that reported the outcome of patients with ACS when treated with HBOT. | We searched the medical literature for any studies that reported the outcome of patients with ACS when treated with ECMO. | Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), includes acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is common and may prove fatal. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) will improve oxygen supply to the threatened heart and may reduce the volume of heart muscle that perishes. The addition of HBOT to standard treatment may reduce death... |
t27 | t27_7 | yes | All studies included patients with heart attack and some also included patients with severe angina. | All studies included patients with heart attack and some also included patients with mild angina. | Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), includes acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is common and may prove fatal. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) will improve oxygen supply to the threatened heart and may reduce the volume of heart muscle that perishes. The addition of HBOT to standard treatment may reduce death... |
t27 | t27_8 | yes | The dose of hyperbaric oxygen was similar in most studies. | The dose of hyperbaric oxygen was different in most studies. | Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), includes acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is common and may prove fatal. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) will improve oxygen supply to the threatened heart and may reduce the volume of heart muscle that perishes. The addition of HBOT to standard treatment may reduce death... |
t27 | t27_9 | yes | Overall, we found some evidence that people with ACS are less likely to die or to have major adverse events, and to have more rapid relief from their pain if they receive hyperbaric oxygen therapy as part of their treatment. | Overall, we found some evidence that people with ACS are less likely to die or to have major adverse events, and to have more rapid relief from their pain if they receive corticosteroid therapy as part of their treatment. | Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), includes acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is common and may prove fatal. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) will improve oxygen supply to the threatened heart and may reduce the volume of heart muscle that perishes. The addition of HBOT to standard treatment may reduce death... |
t27 | t27_10 | no | However, our conclusions are based on relatively small randomised trials. | However, our conclusions are not based on relatively small randomised trials. | Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), includes acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is common and may prove fatal. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) will improve oxygen supply to the threatened heart and may reduce the volume of heart muscle that perishes. The addition of HBOT to standard treatment may reduce death... |
t27 | t27_11 | yes | Our confidence in these findings is further reduced because in most of these studies both the patients and researchers were aware of who was receiving HBOT and it is possible a 'placebo effect' has biased the result in favour of HBOT. | Our confidence in these findings is further reduced because in most of these studies both the patients and researchers were aware of who was receiving HBOT and it is possible a 'placebo effect' has biased the result against HBOT. | Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), includes acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is common and may prove fatal. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) will improve oxygen supply to the threatened heart and may reduce the volume of heart muscle that perishes. The addition of HBOT to standard treatment may reduce death... |
t27 | t27_12 | no | HBOT was generally well‐tolerated. | HBOT was generally not well‐tolerated. | Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), includes acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is common and may prove fatal. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) will improve oxygen supply to the threatened heart and may reduce the volume of heart muscle that perishes. The addition of HBOT to standard treatment may reduce death... |
t27 | t27_13 | no | Some patients complained of claustrophobia when treated in small (single person) chambers and there was no evidence of important toxicity from oxygen breathing in any subject. | Some patients complained of claustrophobia when treated in large (single person) chambers and there was no evidence of important toxicity from oxygen breathing in any subject. | Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), includes acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is common and may prove fatal. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) will improve oxygen supply to the threatened heart and may reduce the volume of heart muscle that perishes. The addition of HBOT to standard treatment may reduce death... |
t27 | t27_14 | yes | One individual suffered damage to the eardrum from pressurisation. | One individual suffered damage to the eardrum from depressurisation. | Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), includes acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is common and may prove fatal. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) will improve oxygen supply to the threatened heart and may reduce the volume of heart muscle that perishes. The addition of HBOT to standard treatment may reduce death... |
t27 | t27_15 | no | While HBOT may reduce the risk of dying, time to pain relief and the chance of adverse heart events in people with heart attack and unstable angina, more work is needed to be sure that HBOT should be recommended. | While HBOT may reduce the risk of dying, time to pain relief and the chance of adverse heart events in people with heart attack and unstable angina, less work is needed to be sure that HBOT should be recommended. | Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), includes acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is common and may prove fatal. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) will improve oxygen supply to the threatened heart and may reduce the volume of heart muscle that perishes. The addition of HBOT to standard treatment may reduce death... |
t28 | t28_1 | no | The aim of this Cochrane Review was to find out what methods of skin preparation before caesarean section were most effective in preventing infection after the operation. | The aim of this Cochrane Review was to find out what methods of skin preparation before caesarean section were least effective in preventing infection after the operation. | The risk of maternal mortality and morbidity (particularly postoperative infection) is higher for caesarean section (CS) than for vaginal birth. With the increasing rate of CS, it is important to minimise the risks to the mother as much as possible. This review focused on different forms and methods of preoperative ski... |
t28 | t28_2 | no | We collected and analysed all studies that assessed the effectiveness of antiseptics used to prepare the skin before making an incision (or cut) for the caesarean section. | We collected and analysed all studies that assessed the effectiveness of antibiotics used to prepare the skin before making an incision (or cut) for the caesarean section. | The risk of maternal mortality and morbidity (particularly postoperative infection) is higher for caesarean section (CS) than for vaginal birth. With the increasing rate of CS, it is important to minimise the risks to the mother as much as possible. This review focused on different forms and methods of preoperative ski... |
t28 | t28_3 | no | We only included analysis of preparations that were used to prepare the surgical site on the abdomen before caesarean section; we did not look at handwashing by the surgical team, or bathing the mother. | We only included analysis of preparations that were used to prepare the surgical site on the abdomen before caesarean section; we did not look at handwashing by the surgical team, or showering the mother. | The risk of maternal mortality and morbidity (particularly postoperative infection) is higher for caesarean section (CS) than for vaginal birth. With the increasing rate of CS, it is important to minimise the risks to the mother as much as possible. This review focused on different forms and methods of preoperative ski... |
t28 | t28_4 | yes | Infections of surgical incisions are the third most frequently reported hospital‐acquired infections. | Infections of surgical incisions are the fifth most frequently reported hospital‐acquired infections. | The risk of maternal mortality and morbidity (particularly postoperative infection) is higher for caesarean section (CS) than for vaginal birth. With the increasing rate of CS, it is important to minimise the risks to the mother as much as possible. This review focused on different forms and methods of preoperative ski... |
t28 | t28_5 | yes | Women who give birth by caesarean section are exposed to infection from germs already present on the mother's own skin, or from external sources. | Women who give birth by caesarean section are exposed to infection from germs already present on the mother's own skin, or from internal sources. | The risk of maternal mortality and morbidity (particularly postoperative infection) is higher for caesarean section (CS) than for vaginal birth. With the increasing rate of CS, it is important to minimise the risks to the mother as much as possible. This review focused on different forms and methods of preoperative ski... |
t28 | t28_6 | yes | The risk of infection following a caesarean section can be 10 times that of vaginal birth. | The risk of infection following a caesarean section can be 15 times that of vaginal birth. | The risk of maternal mortality and morbidity (particularly postoperative infection) is higher for caesarean section (CS) than for vaginal birth. With the increasing rate of CS, it is important to minimise the risks to the mother as much as possible. This review focused on different forms and methods of preoperative ski... |
t28 | t28_7 | yes | Therefore, preventing infection by properly preparing the skin before the incision is made is an important part of the overall care given to women prior to caesarean birth. | Therefore, preventing infection by properly preparing the skin after the incision is made is an important part of the overall care given to women prior to caesarean birth. | The risk of maternal mortality and morbidity (particularly postoperative infection) is higher for caesarean section (CS) than for vaginal birth. With the increasing rate of CS, it is important to minimise the risks to the mother as much as possible. This review focused on different forms and methods of preoperative ski... |
t28 | t28_8 | yes | An antiseptic is a substance applied to remove bacteria that can cause harm to the mother or baby when they multiply. | An antiseptic is a substance applied to remove viruses that can cause harm to the mother or baby when they multiply. | The risk of maternal mortality and morbidity (particularly postoperative infection) is higher for caesarean section (CS) than for vaginal birth. With the increasing rate of CS, it is important to minimise the risks to the mother as much as possible. This review focused on different forms and methods of preoperative ski... |
t28 | t28_9 | yes | Antiseptics include iodine or povidone iodine, alcohol, chlorhexidine, and parachlorometaxylenol. | Antiseptics include iodine or povidone iodine, alcohol, chlorhexidine, and hydrogen peroxide. | The risk of maternal mortality and morbidity (particularly postoperative infection) is higher for caesarean section (CS) than for vaginal birth. With the increasing rate of CS, it is important to minimise the risks to the mother as much as possible. This review focused on different forms and methods of preoperative ski... |
t28 | t28_10 | no | They can be applied as liquids or powders, scrubs, paints, swabs, or on impregnated 'drapes' that stick to the skin, which the surgeon then cuts through. | They can be applied as liquids or powders, scrubs, paints, swabs, or on impregnated 'drapes' that do not stick to the skin, which the surgeon then cuts through. | The risk of maternal mortality and morbidity (particularly postoperative infection) is higher for caesarean section (CS) than for vaginal birth. With the increasing rate of CS, it is important to minimise the risks to the mother as much as possible. This review focused on different forms and methods of preoperative ski... |
t28 | t28_11 | yes | Non‐impregnated drapes can also be applied, once the skin has been scrubbed or swapped, with the aim of reducing the spread of any remaining bacteria during surgery. | Non‐impregnated drapes can also be applied, once the skin has been scrubbed or swapped, with the aim of increasing the spread of any remaining bacteria during surgery. | The risk of maternal mortality and morbidity (particularly postoperative infection) is higher for caesarean section (CS) than for vaginal birth. With the increasing rate of CS, it is important to minimise the risks to the mother as much as possible. This review focused on different forms and methods of preoperative ski... |
t28 | t28_12 | no | It is important to know if some of these antiseptics or methods work better than others. | It is important to know if some of these antiseptics or methods do not work better than others. | The risk of maternal mortality and morbidity (particularly postoperative infection) is higher for caesarean section (CS) than for vaginal birth. With the increasing rate of CS, it is important to minimise the risks to the mother as much as possible. This review focused on different forms and methods of preoperative ski... |
t28 | t28_13 | yes | The review looked at what was best for women and babies when it came to important outcomes including: infection of the site where the surgeon cut the woman to perform the caesarean section; inflammation of the lining of the womb (metritis and endometritis); how long the woman stayed in hospital; and any other adverse e... | The review looked at what was best for women and babies when it came to important outcomes including: infection of the site where the surgeon cut the woman to perform the caesarean section; inflammation of the lining of the womb (metritis and endometritis); how short the woman stayed in hospital; and any other adverse ... | The risk of maternal mortality and morbidity (particularly postoperative infection) is higher for caesarean section (CS) than for vaginal birth. With the increasing rate of CS, it is important to minimise the risks to the mother as much as possible. This review focused on different forms and methods of preoperative ski... |
t28 | t28_14 | yes | The evidence suggested that there was probably little or no difference between the various antiseptics in the incidence of surgical site infection, endometritis, skin irritation, or allergic skin reaction in the mother. | The evidence suggested that there was probably little or no difference between the various antibiotics in the incidence of surgical site infection, endometritis, skin irritation, or allergic skin reaction in the mother. | The risk of maternal mortality and morbidity (particularly postoperative infection) is higher for caesarean section (CS) than for vaginal birth. With the increasing rate of CS, it is important to minimise the risks to the mother as much as possible. This review focused on different forms and methods of preoperative ski... |
t28 | t28_15 | yes | However, in one study, there was a reduction in bacterial growth on the skin at 18 hours after caesarean section for women who received a skin preparation with chlorhexidine gluconate compared with women who received the skin preparation with povidone iodine, but more data are needed to see if this actually reduces inf... | However, in one study, there was a reduction in bacterial growth on the skin at 24 hours after caesarean section for women who received a skin preparation with chlorhexidine gluconate compared with women who received the skin preparation with povidone iodine, but more data are needed to see if this actually reduces inf... | The risk of maternal mortality and morbidity (particularly postoperative infection) is higher for caesarean section (CS) than for vaginal birth. With the increasing rate of CS, it is important to minimise the risks to the mother as much as possible. This review focused on different forms and methods of preoperative ski... |
t28 | t28_16 | no | The available evidence from the trials that have been conducted was insufficient to tell us the best type of skin preparation for preventing surgical site infection following caesarean section. | The available evidence from the trials that have been conducted was insufficient to tell us the worst type of skin preparation for preventing surgical site infection following caesarean section. | The risk of maternal mortality and morbidity (particularly postoperative infection) is higher for caesarean section (CS) than for vaginal birth. With the increasing rate of CS, it is important to minimise the risks to the mother as much as possible. This review focused on different forms and methods of preoperative ski... |
t29 | t29_1 | no | We wanted to find out if giving hydroxyurea to people with non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia would reduce the need for blood transfusion. | We wanted to find out if giving aspirin to people with non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia would reduce the need for blood transfusion. | Non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia is a subset of inherited haemoglobin disorders characterised by reduced production of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule leading to anaemia of varying severity. Although blood transfusion is not a necessity for survival, it is required when episodes of chronic ... |
t29 | t29_2 | yes | Thalassaemia is a genetic blood disorder causing defective adult haemoglobin (the oxygen carrying component of red blood cells). | Sickle cell disease is a genetic blood disorder causing defective adult haemoglobin (the oxygen carrying component of red blood cells). | Non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia is a subset of inherited haemoglobin disorders characterised by reduced production of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule leading to anaemia of varying severity. Although blood transfusion is not a necessity for survival, it is required when episodes of chronic ... |
t29 | t29_3 | no | This causes anaemia with different degrees of severity. | This prevents anaemia with different degrees of severity. | Non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia is a subset of inherited haemoglobin disorders characterised by reduced production of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule leading to anaemia of varying severity. Although blood transfusion is not a necessity for survival, it is required when episodes of chronic ... |
t29 | t29_4 | no | People with non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia do not depend on regular transfusions for survival, but may require blood transfusion from time to time. | People with non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia do not depend on regular transfusions for survival, but may require platelet transfusion from time to time. | Non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia is a subset of inherited haemoglobin disorders characterised by reduced production of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule leading to anaemia of varying severity. Although blood transfusion is not a necessity for survival, it is required when episodes of chronic ... |
t29 | t29_5 | yes | Persistent anaemia affects growth, may delay puberty and reduce quality of life. | Persistent anaemia affects growth, may accelerate puberty and reduce quality of life. | Non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia is a subset of inherited haemoglobin disorders characterised by reduced production of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule leading to anaemia of varying severity. Although blood transfusion is not a necessity for survival, it is required when episodes of chronic ... |
t29 | t29_6 | yes | However, transfusion should be avoided, if possible, because it leads to excess iron being deposited in various organs affecting how they function. | However, transfusion should be avoided, if possible, because it prevents excess iron from being deposited in various organs affecting how they function. | Non‐transfusion dependent beta thalassaemia is a subset of inherited haemoglobin disorders characterised by reduced production of the beta globin chain of the haemoglobin molecule leading to anaemia of varying severity. Although blood transfusion is not a necessity for survival, it is required when episodes of chronic ... |
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