Target_Summary_ID stringclasses 200
values | Target_Sentence_Index stringlengths 4 7 | External stringclasses 2
values | Target_Sentence_factual stringlengths 19 592 | Target_Sentence_non_factual stringlengths 19 592 | Original_Abstract stringclasses 200
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t33 | t33_26 | no | The only side effects attributed to antibiotics were rare nausea and temporary elevation of liver enzymes. | The only side effects attributed to antibiotics were frequent nausea and temporary elevation of liver enzymes. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_27 | no | Recent cost data (July 2016) for a 10 day course of treatment shows that metronidazole 500 mg is the least expensive antibiotic with a cost of USD 13. | Recent cost data (July 2016) for a 10 day course of treatment shows that amoxicillin 500 mg is the least expensive antibiotic with a cost of USD 13. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_28 | no | Vancomycin 125 mg costs USD 1779 compared to fidaxomicin 200 mg at USD 3453.83 or more and teicoplanin at approximately USD 83.67. | Vancomycin 250 mg costs USD 1779 compared to fidaxomicin 300 mg at USD 3453.83 or more and teicoplanin at approximately USD 83.67. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_29 | no | Conclusion No firm conclusions can be drawn regarding the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment in severe CDI as most studies excluded these patients. | Conclusion No firm conclusions can be drawn regarding the effectiveness of antiviral treatment in severe CDI as most studies excluded these patients. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_30 | no | The lack of any 'no treatment' control studies does not allow for any conclusions regarding the need for antibiotic treatment in patients with mild CDI beyond withdrawal of the antibiotic that caused CDI. | The lack of any 'no treatment' control studies does not allow for any conclusions regarding the need for antiviral treatment in patients with mild CDI beyond withdrawal of the antibiotic that caused CDI. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_31 | no | Nonetheless, moderate quality evidence suggests that vancomycin is superior to metronidazole and fidaxomicin is superior to vancomycin. | Nonetheless, moderate quality evidence suggests that metronidazole is superior to vancomycin and fidaxomicin is superior to vancomycin. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_32 | no | The differences in effectiveness between these antibiotics were not too large and the advantage of metronidazole is its far lower cost compared to the other antibiotics. | The differences in effectiveness between these antibiotics were not too large and the advantage of amoxicillin is its far lower cost compared to the other antibiotics. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_33 | no | Larger studies are needed to determine if teicoplanin performs as well as the other antibiotics. | Smaller studies are needed to determine if teicoplanin performs as well as the other antibiotics. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t33 | t33_34 | no | A trial comparing the two cheapest antibiotics, metronidazole and teicoplanin would be of interest. | A trial comparing the two cheapest antibiotics, amoxicillin and teicoplanin would be of interest. | Clostridium difficile ( C. difficile ) is recognized as a frequent cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea and colitis. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane review. Objectives The aim of this review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic therapy for C. difficile‐ associated di... |
t34 | t34_1 | yes | We reviewed the evidence about the effect and safety of phytomedicines in people with sickle cell disease of all types, of any age, in any setting. | We reviewed the evidence about the effect and safety of phytomedicines in people with hemophilia of all types, of any age, in any setting. | Sickle cell disease, a common recessively inherited haemoglobin disorder, affects people from sub‐Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Mediterranean basin, Indian subcontinent, Caribbean and South America. It is associated with complications and a reduced life expectancy. Phytomedicines (medicine derived from plants in the... |
t34 | t34_2 | no | Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood condition caused by defects in the production of haemoglobin. | Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood condition caused by defects in the production of insulin. | Sickle cell disease, a common recessively inherited haemoglobin disorder, affects people from sub‐Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Mediterranean basin, Indian subcontinent, Caribbean and South America. It is associated with complications and a reduced life expectancy. Phytomedicines (medicine derived from plants in the... |
t34 | t34_3 | yes | Haemoglobin is the part of the red blood cell that carries oxygen across the body. | Haemoglobin is the part of the red blood cell that carries carbon dioxide across the body. | Sickle cell disease, a common recessively inherited haemoglobin disorder, affects people from sub‐Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Mediterranean basin, Indian subcontinent, Caribbean and South America. It is associated with complications and a reduced life expectancy. Phytomedicines (medicine derived from plants in the... |
t34 | t34_4 | yes | Sickle cell disease occurs when people inherit faulty genes responsible for producing haemoglobin from both parents. | Sickle cell disease does not occur when people inherit faulty genes responsible for producing haemoglobin from both parents. | Sickle cell disease, a common recessively inherited haemoglobin disorder, affects people from sub‐Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Mediterranean basin, Indian subcontinent, Caribbean and South America. It is associated with complications and a reduced life expectancy. Phytomedicines (medicine derived from plants in the... |
t34 | t34_5 | no | A variety of complications and a reduced life expectancy are linked with sickle cell disease. | A variety of complications and an increased life expectancy are linked with sickle cell disease. | Sickle cell disease, a common recessively inherited haemoglobin disorder, affects people from sub‐Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Mediterranean basin, Indian subcontinent, Caribbean and South America. It is associated with complications and a reduced life expectancy. Phytomedicines (medicine derived from plants in the... |
t34 | t34_6 | no | Phytomedicines are medicines derived from plants in their original state. | Phytomedicines are medicines derived from animals in their original state. | Sickle cell disease, a common recessively inherited haemoglobin disorder, affects people from sub‐Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Mediterranean basin, Indian subcontinent, Caribbean and South America. It is associated with complications and a reduced life expectancy. Phytomedicines (medicine derived from plants in the... |
t34 | t34_7 | no | People with sickle cell disease may come across them in terms of plant‐remedies from traditional healers. | People with sickle cell disease may come across them in terms of plant‐remedies from modern healers. | Sickle cell disease, a common recessively inherited haemoglobin disorder, affects people from sub‐Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Mediterranean basin, Indian subcontinent, Caribbean and South America. It is associated with complications and a reduced life expectancy. Phytomedicines (medicine derived from plants in the... |
t34 | t34_8 | no | Their benefits have not been evaluated systematically. | Their benefits have not been ignored systematically. | Sickle cell disease, a common recessively inherited haemoglobin disorder, affects people from sub‐Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Mediterranean basin, Indian subcontinent, Caribbean and South America. It is associated with complications and a reduced life expectancy. Phytomedicines (medicine derived from plants in the... |
t34 | t34_9 | no | Laboratory work has long suggested that these medicines may help to ease the symptoms of sickle cell disease. | Laboratory work has long suggested that these medicines may help to worsen the symptoms of sickle cell disease. | Sickle cell disease, a common recessively inherited haemoglobin disorder, affects people from sub‐Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Mediterranean basin, Indian subcontinent, Caribbean and South America. It is associated with complications and a reduced life expectancy. Phytomedicines (medicine derived from plants in the... |
t34 | t34_10 | no | Two trials (182 participants) and two phytomedicines Niprisan ® (also known as Nicosan ® ) and Ciklavit ® were included. | Two trials (250 participants) and two phytomedicines Niprisan ® (also known as Nicosan ® ) and Ciklavit ® were included. | Sickle cell disease, a common recessively inherited haemoglobin disorder, affects people from sub‐Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Mediterranean basin, Indian subcontinent, Caribbean and South America. It is associated with complications and a reduced life expectancy. Phytomedicines (medicine derived from plants in the... |
t34 | t34_11 | no | This review found that Niprisan ® may help to reduce episodes of sickle cell disease crises associated with severe pain. | This review found that Niprisan ® may help to increase episodes of sickle cell disease crises associated with severe pain. | Sickle cell disease, a common recessively inherited haemoglobin disorder, affects people from sub‐Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Mediterranean basin, Indian subcontinent, Caribbean and South America. It is associated with complications and a reduced life expectancy. Phytomedicines (medicine derived from plants in the... |
t34 | t34_12 | no | Ciklavit ® , which has been reported to reduce painful crises in people with sickle cell disease, deserves further study before recommendations can be made regarding its use. | Ciklavit ® , which has been reported to increase painful crises in people with sickle cell disease, deserves further study before recommendations can be made regarding its use. | Sickle cell disease, a common recessively inherited haemoglobin disorder, affects people from sub‐Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Mediterranean basin, Indian subcontinent, Caribbean and South America. It is associated with complications and a reduced life expectancy. Phytomedicines (medicine derived from plants in the... |
t34 | t34_13 | no | The trial of Ciklavit ® also reported a possible adverse effect on the level of anaemia. | The trial of Ciklavit ® also reported a possible beneficial effect on the level of anaemia. | Sickle cell disease, a common recessively inherited haemoglobin disorder, affects people from sub‐Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Mediterranean basin, Indian subcontinent, Caribbean and South America. It is associated with complications and a reduced life expectancy. Phytomedicines (medicine derived from plants in the... |
t34 | t34_14 | yes | Both formulations reported no serious adverse symptoms or derangement of liver or kidney function in the participants. | Both formulations reported no serious adverse symptoms or improvement of liver or kidney function in the participants. | Sickle cell disease, a common recessively inherited haemoglobin disorder, affects people from sub‐Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Mediterranean basin, Indian subcontinent, Caribbean and South America. It is associated with complications and a reduced life expectancy. Phytomedicines (medicine derived from plants in the... |
t34 | t34_15 | yes | More detailed and larger trials of these medicines will need to be carried out before we can make any recommendations about their use. | More detailed and smaller trials of these medicines will need to be carried out before we can make any recommendations about their use. | Sickle cell disease, a common recessively inherited haemoglobin disorder, affects people from sub‐Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Mediterranean basin, Indian subcontinent, Caribbean and South America. It is associated with complications and a reduced life expectancy. Phytomedicines (medicine derived from plants in the... |
t34 | t34_16 | yes | Further research should also assess long‐term outcome measures. | Further research should also ignore long‐term outcome measures. | Sickle cell disease, a common recessively inherited haemoglobin disorder, affects people from sub‐Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Mediterranean basin, Indian subcontinent, Caribbean and South America. It is associated with complications and a reduced life expectancy. Phytomedicines (medicine derived from plants in the... |
t35 | t35_1 | yes | An aneurysm is an abnormal localised widening (dilatation) of an artery. | An aneurysm is a normal localised widening (dilatation) of an artery. | Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in selected groups is now performed in England, the USA and Sweden. Patients with aneurysms over 55 mm in diameter are generally considered for elective surgical repair. Patients with aneurysm diameters below or equal to 55 mm (termed 'small AAAs') are managed with aneurysm... |
t35 | t35_2 | yes | The most common place for such a dilatation is the abdominal aorta. | The most common place for such a dilatation is the thoracic aorta. | Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in selected groups is now performed in England, the USA and Sweden. Patients with aneurysms over 55 mm in diameter are generally considered for elective surgical repair. Patients with aneurysm diameters below or equal to 55 mm (termed 'small AAAs') are managed with aneurysm... |
t35 | t35_3 | yes | This is the main artery linking the heart to the lower limbs and the organs of the abdomen, and a dilatation here is termed an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). | This is the main artery linking the heart to the lower limbs and the organs of the abdomen, and a dilatation here is termed a thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). | Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in selected groups is now performed in England, the USA and Sweden. Patients with aneurysms over 55 mm in diameter are generally considered for elective surgical repair. Patients with aneurysm diameters below or equal to 55 mm (termed 'small AAAs') are managed with aneurysm... |
t35 | t35_4 | yes | About 4% of men over 55 years of age have an AAA, but it is less common in women. | About 7% of men over 55 years of age have an AAA, but it is less common in women. | Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in selected groups is now performed in England, the USA and Sweden. Patients with aneurysms over 55 mm in diameter are generally considered for elective surgical repair. Patients with aneurysm diameters below or equal to 55 mm (termed 'small AAAs') are managed with aneurysm... |
t35 | t35_5 | yes | Aneurysms over 55 mm in diameter carry a high risk of rupture, and rupture carries a high risk of death. | Aneurysms over 45 mm in diameter carry a high risk of rupture, and rupture carries a high risk of death. | Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in selected groups is now performed in England, the USA and Sweden. Patients with aneurysms over 55 mm in diameter are generally considered for elective surgical repair. Patients with aneurysm diameters below or equal to 55 mm (termed 'small AAAs') are managed with aneurysm... |
t35 | t35_6 | yes | To reduce the risks, screening programmes using ultrasound scanning have been introduced for selected groups in a number of countries. | To reduce the risks, screening programmes using ultrasound scanning have not been introduced for selected groups in a number of countries. | Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in selected groups is now performed in England, the USA and Sweden. Patients with aneurysms over 55 mm in diameter are generally considered for elective surgical repair. Patients with aneurysm diameters below or equal to 55 mm (termed 'small AAAs') are managed with aneurysm... |
t35 | t35_7 | no | Patients with aneurysms over 55 mm are then evaluated for elective aneurysm repair. | Patients with aneurysms over 45 mm are then evaluated for elective aneurysm repair. | Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in selected groups is now performed in England, the USA and Sweden. Patients with aneurysms over 55 mm in diameter are generally considered for elective surgical repair. Patients with aneurysm diameters below or equal to 55 mm (termed 'small AAAs') are managed with aneurysm... |
t35 | t35_8 | yes | For aneurysms at or below the 55 mm cut‐off, the current treatment is 'watchful waiting', where the aneurysm is repeatedly scanned over time to see if it is enlarging. | For aneurysms at or below the 45 mm cut‐off, the current treatment is 'watchful waiting', where the aneurysm is repeatedly scanned over time to see if it is enlarging. | Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in selected groups is now performed in England, the USA and Sweden. Patients with aneurysms over 55 mm in diameter are generally considered for elective surgical repair. Patients with aneurysm diameters below or equal to 55 mm (termed 'small AAAs') are managed with aneurysm... |
t35 | t35_9 | no | This review aimed to identify medical treatments which could slow or even reverse aneurysm growth, and thus delay or avoid the need for elective surgery. | This review aimed to identify medical treatments which could accelerate or even reverse aneurysm growth, and thus delay or avoid the need for elective surgery. | Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in selected groups is now performed in England, the USA and Sweden. Patients with aneurysms over 55 mm in diameter are generally considered for elective surgical repair. Patients with aneurysm diameters below or equal to 55 mm (termed 'small AAAs') are managed with aneurysm... |
t35 | t35_10 | no | We identified seven trials involving 1558 participants where the aneurysm diameters of patients randomised to receive medical treatment were compared to those participants given a control medication or surveillance imaging alone. | We identified nine trials involving 1558 participants where the aneurysm diameters of patients randomised to receive medical treatment were compared to those participants given a control medication or surveillance imaging alone. | Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in selected groups is now performed in England, the USA and Sweden. Patients with aneurysms over 55 mm in diameter are generally considered for elective surgical repair. Patients with aneurysm diameters below or equal to 55 mm (termed 'small AAAs') are managed with aneurysm... |
t35 | t35_11 | yes | Four trials studied the effects of antibiotics on slowing aneurysm growth, and showed a small protective effect. | Three trials studied the effects of antibiotics on slowing aneurysm growth, and showed a small protective effect. | Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in selected groups is now performed in England, the USA and Sweden. Patients with aneurysms over 55 mm in diameter are generally considered for elective surgical repair. Patients with aneurysm diameters below or equal to 55 mm (termed 'small AAAs') are managed with aneurysm... |
t35 | t35_12 | yes | Three trials studied the effects of beta‐blockers, and demonstrated a very small protective effect. | Five trials studied the effects of beta‐blockers, and demonstrated a very small protective effect. | Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in selected groups is now performed in England, the USA and Sweden. Patients with aneurysms over 55 mm in diameter are generally considered for elective surgical repair. Patients with aneurysm diameters below or equal to 55 mm (termed 'small AAAs') are managed with aneurysm... |
t35 | t35_13 | no | Notably, the beta‐blocker drugs were associated with a large number of adverse effects. | Notably, the beta‐blocker drugs were associated with a small number of adverse effects. | Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in selected groups is now performed in England, the USA and Sweden. Patients with aneurysms over 55 mm in diameter are generally considered for elective surgical repair. Patients with aneurysm diameters below or equal to 55 mm (termed 'small AAAs') are managed with aneurysm... |
t35 | t35_14 | no | It was unclear whether either drug type delayed referral to aneurysm surgery. | It was unclear whether either drug type accelerated referral to aneurysm surgery. | Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in selected groups is now performed in England, the USA and Sweden. Patients with aneurysms over 55 mm in diameter are generally considered for elective surgical repair. Patients with aneurysm diameters below or equal to 55 mm (termed 'small AAAs') are managed with aneurysm... |
t35 | t35_15 | no | The accuracy of the results was limited by the low number of participants (especially important when trying to detect small changes in aneurysm growth rates) and some potentially damaging biases. | The accuracy of the results was limited by the high number of participants (especially important when trying to detect small changes in aneurysm growth rates) and some potentially damaging biases. | Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in selected groups is now performed in England, the USA and Sweden. Patients with aneurysms over 55 mm in diameter are generally considered for elective surgical repair. Patients with aneurysm diameters below or equal to 55 mm (termed 'small AAAs') are managed with aneurysm... |
t36 | t36_1 | yes | Epilepsy is a disorder where recurrent seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain. | Epilepsy is a disorder where recurrent seizures are prevented by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain. | Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, with an estimated incidence of 50 per 100,000 persons. People with epilepsy may present with various types of immunological abnormalities, such as low serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, lack of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass and identification of certain types of anti... |
t36 | t36_2 | no | People with epilepsy may present with various types of immunological abnormalities. | People with epilepsy may present with various types of neurological abnormalities. | Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, with an estimated incidence of 50 per 100,000 persons. People with epilepsy may present with various types of immunological abnormalities, such as low serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, lack of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass and identification of certain types of anti... |
t36 | t36_3 | yes | Most seizures can be controlled by antiepileptic drugs, but sometimes seizures develop which are resistant to these drugs. | Most seizures can be controlled by antiepileptic drugs, but sometimes seizures develop which are resistant to these treatments. | Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, with an estimated incidence of 50 per 100,000 persons. People with epilepsy may present with various types of immunological abnormalities, such as low serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, lack of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass and identification of certain types of anti... |
t36 | t36_4 | yes | People may require other types of treatment, such as intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg). | People may require other types of treatment, such as subcutaneous immunoglobulins (SCIg). | Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, with an estimated incidence of 50 per 100,000 persons. People with epilepsy may present with various types of immunological abnormalities, such as low serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, lack of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass and identification of certain types of anti... |
t36 | t36_5 | yes | IVIg is a sterile, purified blood product extracted from the plasma of blood donors. | IVIg is a sterile, purified blood product extracted from the plasma of plasma donors. | Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, with an estimated incidence of 50 per 100,000 persons. People with epilepsy may present with various types of immunological abnormalities, such as low serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, lack of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass and identification of certain types of anti... |
t36 | t36_6 | no | IVIg treatment may present a valuable approach and its efficacy has important implications for epilepsy management. | IVIg treatment may present a valuable approach and its efficacy has no important implications for epilepsy management. | Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, with an estimated incidence of 50 per 100,000 persons. People with epilepsy may present with various types of immunological abnormalities, such as low serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, lack of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass and identification of certain types of anti... |
t36 | t36_7 | no | This review assessed the efficacy of IVg as a treatment for the control of epilepsy. | This review assessed the efficacy of IVg as a treatment for the prevention of epilepsy. | Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, with an estimated incidence of 50 per 100,000 persons. People with epilepsy may present with various types of immunological abnormalities, such as low serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, lack of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass and identification of certain types of anti... |
t36 | t36_8 | no | Only one study (61 participants) which compared the treatment efficacy of IVIg as an add‐on with a placebo add‐on in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy was included. | Only one study (75 participants) which compared the treatment efficacy of IVIg as an add‐on with a placebo add‐on in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy was included. | Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, with an estimated incidence of 50 per 100,000 persons. People with epilepsy may present with various types of immunological abnormalities, such as low serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, lack of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass and identification of certain types of anti... |
t36 | t36_9 | no | Results Results of the review suggest that there is no convincing evidence to support the use of IVIg as a treatment for epilepsy and further randomised controlled trials are needed. | Results Results of the review suggest that there is no convincing evidence to support the use of IVIg as a treatment for Parkinson's disease and further randomised controlled trials are needed. | Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, with an estimated incidence of 50 per 100,000 persons. People with epilepsy may present with various types of immunological abnormalities, such as low serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, lack of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass and identification of certain types of anti... |
t36 | t36_10 | no | Certainty of the evidence The included study was rated at low to unclear risk of bias. | The included study was rated at high to unclear risk of bias. | Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, with an estimated incidence of 50 per 100,000 persons. People with epilepsy may present with various types of immunological abnormalities, such as low serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, lack of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass and identification of certain types of anti... |
t36 | t36_11 | no | Using GRADE methodology, the certainty of the evidence was rated as low. | Using GRADE methodology, the certainty of the evidence was rated as high. | Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, with an estimated incidence of 50 per 100,000 persons. People with epilepsy may present with various types of immunological abnormalities, such as low serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, lack of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass and identification of certain types of anti... |
t36 | t36_12 | yes | This means that the true effect may be substantially different from what was found. | This means that the true effect may not be substantially different from what was found. | Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, with an estimated incidence of 50 per 100,000 persons. People with epilepsy may present with various types of immunological abnormalities, such as low serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, lack of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass and identification of certain types of anti... |
t37 | t37_1 | no | We reviewed the evidence for treatment with nebulised hypertonic saline compared to placebo or other agents for improving mucus clearance in the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis (CF). | We reviewed the evidence for treatment with nebulised hypertonic saline compared to placebo or other agents for worsening mucus clearance in the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis (CF). | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_2 | yes | People with CF produce large amounts of thick mucus which is difficult to clear and blocks up their airways. | People with CF produce small amounts of thick mucus which is difficult to clear and blocks up their airways. | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_3 | yes | Chest physiotherapy or medication e.g. hypertonic saline, or both combined, are used to try and clear this mucus from the airways. | Chest physiotherapy or medication e.g. hypertonic saline, or both combined, are used to try and retain this mucus in the airways. | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_4 | yes | Hypertonic saline is water with a concentration of 3% to 7% salt and is inhaled as a fine mist. | Hypertonic saline is water with a concentration of 5% to 10% salt and is inhaled as a fine mist. | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_5 | no | Trial characteristics We included 17 trials with 966 participants with CF aged between 4 months and 63 years. | Trial characteristics We included 22 trials with 966 participants with CF aged between 4 months and 63 years. | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_6 | yes | Eleven trials compared hypertonic saline to isotonic saline (water with 0.12 to 0.9% salt (described as placebo (a dummy treatment)); one trial compared isotonic saline and voluntary cough to hypertonic saline or mannitol 300 mg; three trials compared hypertonic saline to rhDNase (Pulmozyme®); one trial compared hypert... | Twelve trials compared hypertonic saline to isotonic saline (water with 0.12 to 0.9% salt (described as placebo (a dummy treatment)); one trial compared isotonic saline and voluntary cough to hypertonic saline or mannitol 300 mg; three trials compared hypertonic saline to rhDNase (Pulmozyme®); one trial compared hypert... | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_7 | yes | Trials assessed different concentrations of hypertonic saline with different nebulisers and different treatment schedules; the most common treatment was twice‐daily 7% hypertonic saline and the most common nebuliser was ultrasonic. | Trials assessed different concentrations of hypertonic saline with different nebulisers and different treatment schedules; the most common treatment was twice‐daily 5% hypertonic saline and the most common nebuliser was ultrasonic. | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_8 | yes | Most trials treated people with a bronchodilator to widen the airways before giving the hypertonic saline. | Most trials treated people with a bronchodilator to narrow the airways before giving the hypertonic saline. | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_9 | no | Hypertonic saline 3% to 7% versus placebo In three trials (225 people) lung function improved after four weeks, but only one trial (164 people) reported results after 48 weeks, and showed no difference in lung function. | Hypertonic saline 3% to 9% versus placebo In three trials (225 people) lung function improved after four weeks, but only one trial (164 people) reported results after 48 weeks, and showed no difference in lung function. | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_10 | no | One adult trial reported fewer exacerbations needing antibiotics with hypertonic saline than with placebo, but a trial in children found no difference in this outcome. | One adult trial reported fewer exacerbations needing antibiotics with hypertonic saline than with placebo, but a trial in adolescents found no difference in this outcome. | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_11 | no | There was not enough information to properly assess adverse events such as cough, chest tightness, tonsillitis and vomiting. | There was not enough information to properly assess beneficial events such as cough, chest tightness, tonsillitis and vomiting. | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_12 | no | In four trials (80 participants) sputum clearance was better with hypertonic saline. | In six trials (80 participants) sputum clearance was better with hypertonic saline. | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_13 | no | One trial in 132 adults with an exacerbation reported uncertain effects of hypertonic saline on short‐term lung function and the time to the next exacerbation after discharge from hospital. | One trial in 145 adults with an exacerbation reported uncertain effects of hypertonic saline on short‐term lung function and the time to the next exacerbation after discharge from hospital. | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_14 | no | Side effects such as cough and wheeze were reported, but there were no serious side effects. | Side effects such as cough and wheeze were reported, but there were some serious side effects. | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_15 | no | Hypertonic saline versus mucus mobilising treatments We could analyse data from two of the three trials comparing hypertonic saline to rhDNase (61 participants). | Hypertonic saline versus mucus mobilising treatments We could analyse data from five of the three trials comparing hypertonic saline to rhDNase (61 participants). | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_16 | no | In one trial there was no difference in lung function at three weeks, but the second reported rhDNase led to a greater increase in lung function at 12 weeks in people with moderate to severe disease. | In one trial there was no difference in lung function at three weeks, but the second reported rhDNase led to a greater increase in lung function at 15 weeks in people with moderate to severe disease. | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_17 | no | One trial (47 participants) reported no difference in the number of exacerbations, but there was increased cough with hypertonic saline compared to rhDNase. | One trial (62 participants) reported no difference in the number of exacerbations, but there was increased cough with hypertonic saline compared to rhDNase. | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_18 | no | There was not enough information to assess other side effects. | There was not enough information to ignore other side effects. | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_19 | no | One trial (12 participants) compared hypertonic saline to amiloride and one (n = 29) to Mistabron®. | One trial (15 participants) compared hypertonic saline to amiloride and one (n = 34) to Mistabron®. | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_20 | no | Neither trial found a difference between treatments in any measures of sputum clearance. | Neither trial found a difference between treatments in all measures of sputum clearance. | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_21 | no | The trial comparing hypertonic saline and Mistabron® also reported no differences in how many antibiotic courses were prescribed or in side effects. | The trial comparing hypertonic saline and Albuterol® also reported no differences in how many antibiotic courses were prescribed or in side effects. | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t37 | t37_22 | no | The trial comparing hypertonic saline to mannitol (12 participants) did not report lung function at relevant time points for this review; there were no differences in sputum clearance, but mannitol was reported to be more 'irritating'. | The trial comparing hypertonic saline to mannitol (18 participants) did not report lung function at relevant time points for this review; there were no differences in sputum clearance, but mannitol was reported to be more 'irritating'. | Impaired mucociliary clearance characterises lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Hypertonic saline enhances mucociliary clearance and may lessen the destructive inflammatory process in the airways. This is an update of a previously published review. Objectives To investigate efficacy and tolerability of treatment wit... |
t38 | t38_1 | yes | Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition in which a blood clot forms in the deep vein of the leg or pelvis. | Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition in which a blood clot dissolves in the deep vein of the leg or pelvis. | Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) occurs in approximately one in 1000 adults every year, and has an annual mortality of 14.6%. In particular, iliofemoral DVT can lead to recurrent thrombosis and post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS), a painful condition which can lead to chronic venous insufficiency, oedema, and ulceration. It cau... |
t38 | t38_2 | no | It affects approximately 1 in 1000 people. | It affects approximately 1 in 500 people. | Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) occurs in approximately one in 1000 adults every year, and has an annual mortality of 14.6%. In particular, iliofemoral DVT can lead to recurrent thrombosis and post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS), a painful condition which can lead to chronic venous insufficiency, oedema, and ulceration. It cau... |
t38 | t38_3 | yes | If it is not treated, the clot can travel in the blood, and block the arteries in the lungs. | If it is not treated, the clot can travel in the blood, and unblock the arteries in the lungs. | Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) occurs in approximately one in 1000 adults every year, and has an annual mortality of 14.6%. In particular, iliofemoral DVT can lead to recurrent thrombosis and post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS), a painful condition which can lead to chronic venous insufficiency, oedema, and ulceration. It cau... |
t38 | t38_4 | yes | This life‐threatening condition is called a pulmonary embolism and occurs in approximately 3 to 4 in 10,000 people. | This life‐threatening condition is called a pulmonary embolism and occurs in approximately 5 to 6 in 10,000 people. | Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) occurs in approximately one in 1000 adults every year, and has an annual mortality of 14.6%. In particular, iliofemoral DVT can lead to recurrent thrombosis and post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS), a painful condition which can lead to chronic venous insufficiency, oedema, and ulceration. It cau... |
t38 | t38_5 | yes | Another side‐effect of DVT is post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS), a condition in which the patient suffers pain, swelling, and changes in the skin of the leg, which can lead to an ulcer. | Another side‐effect of DVT is post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS), a condition in which the patient suffers pain, swelling, and changes in the skin of the arm, which can lead to an ulcer. | Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) occurs in approximately one in 1000 adults every year, and has an annual mortality of 14.6%. In particular, iliofemoral DVT can lead to recurrent thrombosis and post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS), a painful condition which can lead to chronic venous insufficiency, oedema, and ulceration. It cau... |
t38 | t38_6 | yes | This causes significant disability and diminished qualify of life, and is costly to the healthcare system. | This causes significant disability and improved quality of life, and is costly to the healthcare system. | Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) occurs in approximately one in 1000 adults every year, and has an annual mortality of 14.6%. In particular, iliofemoral DVT can lead to recurrent thrombosis and post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS), a painful condition which can lead to chronic venous insufficiency, oedema, and ulceration. It cau... |
t38 | t38_7 | yes | One way to prevent another blood clot or PTS is to remove the clot. | One way to prevent another blood clot or PTS is to retain the clot. | Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) occurs in approximately one in 1000 adults every year, and has an annual mortality of 14.6%. In particular, iliofemoral DVT can lead to recurrent thrombosis and post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS), a painful condition which can lead to chronic venous insufficiency, oedema, and ulceration. It cau... |
t38 | t38_8 | yes | A catheter can be inserted into the vein and the clot removed directly (mechanical thrombectomy), the clot can be broken down through the use of drugs infused into a vein in the foot or directly at the site of the clot using a catheter and X‐ray control (pharmacomechanical thrombolysis), or a combination of the two pro... | A catheter can be inserted into the vein and the clot removed directly (mechanical thrombectomy), the clot can be broken down through the use of drugs infused into a vein in the arm or directly at the site of the clot using a catheter and X‐ray control (pharmacomechanical thrombolysis), or a combination of the two proc... | Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) occurs in approximately one in 1000 adults every year, and has an annual mortality of 14.6%. In particular, iliofemoral DVT can lead to recurrent thrombosis and post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS), a painful condition which can lead to chronic venous insufficiency, oedema, and ulceration. It cau... |
t38 | t38_9 | no | This review aimed to measure how safe and effective pharmacomechanical thrombectomy is, compared to other techniques. | This review aimed to measure how unsafe and effective pharmacomechanical thrombectomy is, compared to other techniques. | Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) occurs in approximately one in 1000 adults every year, and has an annual mortality of 14.6%. In particular, iliofemoral DVT can lead to recurrent thrombosis and post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS), a painful condition which can lead to chronic venous insufficiency, oedema, and ulceration. It cau... |
t38 | t38_10 | no | There were no randomised controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria of this review (current until December 2015). | There were no randomised controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria of this review (current until December 2020). | Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) occurs in approximately one in 1000 adults every year, and has an annual mortality of 14.6%. In particular, iliofemoral DVT can lead to recurrent thrombosis and post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS), a painful condition which can lead to chronic venous insufficiency, oedema, and ulceration. It cau... |
t38 | t38_11 | no | At present, there is a lack of randomised controlled trials that examine the comparative effectiveness and safety of pharmacomechanical thrombectomy in the management of patients with DVT. | At present, there is a lack of randomised controlled trials that examine the comparative effectiveness and safety of pharmacological therapy in the management of patients with DVT. | Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) occurs in approximately one in 1000 adults every year, and has an annual mortality of 14.6%. In particular, iliofemoral DVT can lead to recurrent thrombosis and post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS), a painful condition which can lead to chronic venous insufficiency, oedema, and ulceration. It cau... |
t38 | t38_12 | no | Conclusion Further research is required before conclusions can be made. | Further research is not required before conclusions can be made. | Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) occurs in approximately one in 1000 adults every year, and has an annual mortality of 14.6%. In particular, iliofemoral DVT can lead to recurrent thrombosis and post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS), a painful condition which can lead to chronic venous insufficiency, oedema, and ulceration. It cau... |
t39 | t39_1 | yes | Allowing preterm infants to receive blood from the placenta after birth and before clamping the umbilical cord has health benefits for the baby and is not harmful for the mother. | Allowing preterm infants to receive blood from the placenta after birth and before clamping the umbilical cord has health risks for the baby and is not harmful for the mother. | Placental transfusion (by means of delayed cord clamping (DCC), cord milking, or cord stripping) confers benefits for preterm infants. It is not known if providing respiratory support to preterm infants before cord clamping improves outcomes. Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of respiratory support provided ... |
t39 | t39_2 | yes | Most babies will start breathing or crying (or both) before the cord is clamped. | Most babies will not start breathing or crying (or both) before the cord is clamped. | Placental transfusion (by means of delayed cord clamping (DCC), cord milking, or cord stripping) confers benefits for preterm infants. It is not known if providing respiratory support to preterm infants before cord clamping improves outcomes. Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of respiratory support provided ... |
t39 | t39_3 | yes | However, some babies do not establish regular breathing during this time. | However, some babies do not establish irregular breathing during this time. | Placental transfusion (by means of delayed cord clamping (DCC), cord milking, or cord stripping) confers benefits for preterm infants. It is not known if providing respiratory support to preterm infants before cord clamping improves outcomes. Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of respiratory support provided ... |
t39 | t39_4 | yes | After clamping the cord, most preterm babies are given some form of breathing support like continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). | After clamping the cord, most preterm babies are given some form of breathing support like mechanical ventilation. | Placental transfusion (by means of delayed cord clamping (DCC), cord milking, or cord stripping) confers benefits for preterm infants. It is not known if providing respiratory support to preterm infants before cord clamping improves outcomes. Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of respiratory support provided ... |
t39 | t39_5 | yes | CPAP applies continuous low air pressure to keep the airways open in babies who can breathe on their own. | CPAP applies continuous high air pressure to keep the airways open in babies who can breathe on their own. | Placental transfusion (by means of delayed cord clamping (DCC), cord milking, or cord stripping) confers benefits for preterm infants. It is not known if providing respiratory support to preterm infants before cord clamping improves outcomes. Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of respiratory support provided ... |
t39 | t39_6 | no | The question for this review was whether it was beneficial to start the breathing support before the cord is clamped. | The question for this review was whether it was harmful to start the breathing support before the cord is clamped. | Placental transfusion (by means of delayed cord clamping (DCC), cord milking, or cord stripping) confers benefits for preterm infants. It is not known if providing respiratory support to preterm infants before cord clamping improves outcomes. Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of respiratory support provided ... |
t39 | t39_7 | yes | Preterm infants born before 32 weeks' gestation (32 weeks from the first day of the woman's last period (menstruation) to the current date) who had clamping of the umbilical cord delayed for 60 seconds after birth were selected at random to enter a group of babies who received breathing support and a group of babies wh... | Preterm infants born before 32 weeks' gestation (32 weeks from the first day of the woman's last period (menstruation) to the current date) who had clamping of the umbilical cord delayed for 45 seconds after birth were selected at random to enter a group of babies who received breathing support and a group of babies wh... | Placental transfusion (by means of delayed cord clamping (DCC), cord milking, or cord stripping) confers benefits for preterm infants. It is not known if providing respiratory support to preterm infants before cord clamping improves outcomes. Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of respiratory support provided ... |
t39 | t39_8 | yes | The breathing support was given after birth of the baby and before the cord was clamped. | The breathing support was not given after birth of the baby and before the cord was clamped. | Placental transfusion (by means of delayed cord clamping (DCC), cord milking, or cord stripping) confers benefits for preterm infants. It is not known if providing respiratory support to preterm infants before cord clamping improves outcomes. Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of respiratory support provided ... |
t39 | t39_9 | yes | Breathing support was the use of CPAP for infants breathing on their own or applying intermittent airway pressure to expand the lungs in babies not breathing well on their own. | Breathing support was the use of CPAP for infants breathing on their own or applying continuous airway pressure to expand the lungs in babies not breathing well on their own. | Placental transfusion (by means of delayed cord clamping (DCC), cord milking, or cord stripping) confers benefits for preterm infants. It is not known if providing respiratory support to preterm infants before cord clamping improves outcomes. Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of respiratory support provided ... |
t39 | t39_10 | yes | Most of the study infants (83%) were delivered by caesarean section. | Most of the study infants (67%) were delivered by caesarean section. | Placental transfusion (by means of delayed cord clamping (DCC), cord milking, or cord stripping) confers benefits for preterm infants. It is not known if providing respiratory support to preterm infants before cord clamping improves outcomes. Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of respiratory support provided ... |
t39 | t39_11 | no | Key results: the single study included in the review did not provide sufficient evidence either for or against the use of breathing support before cord clamping. | Key results: the single study included in the review did not provide sufficient evidence either for or against the use of oxygen therapy before cord clamping. | Placental transfusion (by means of delayed cord clamping (DCC), cord milking, or cord stripping) confers benefits for preterm infants. It is not known if providing respiratory support to preterm infants before cord clamping improves outcomes. Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of respiratory support provided ... |
t40 | t40_1 | no | The aim of this Cochrane review was to find out if acupuncture improves pain and function in people with hip osteoarthritis. | The aim of this Cochrane review was to find out if acupuncture worsens pain and function in people with hip osteoarthritis. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_2 | no | We collected and analyzed all relevant studies to answer this question and found 6 relevant studies with 413 people. | We collected and analyzed all relevant studies to answer this question and found 8 relevant studies with 413 people. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
t40 | t40_3 | no | Key messages In people with hip osteoarthritis, at close to 8 weeks: Acupuncture probably results in little or no difference in pain or function compared to sham acupuncture. | Key messages In people with hip osteoarthritis, at close to 12 weeks: Acupuncture probably results in little or no difference in pain or function compared to sham acupuncture. | Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and functional limitation. Few hip OA treatments have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness. Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medical therapy which aims to treat disease by inserting very thin needles at specific points on the body. Objectives To assess the ben... |
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